Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201056
Zhi-Hao He , Xin Li , Ya-Lin Li , Atsushi Matsuoka , Hui Luo , Xiao-Hui Cui , Jian-Bo Cheng
In this paper, 23 species of 14 genera within the mélange of the Saga area are documented. On this basis, a stratigraphic correlation is established between the Tethys Himalaya and the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone. The Cretaceous siliceous rock and siliceous mudstone strata in the mélange are also reported. Six stratigraphic units are identified in the Tethys Himalaya (Jurassic Zhela and Weimei formations, Cretaceous Rilang, Duobeng and Chuangde formations, and Paleocene Sangdanlin Formation). The Early Cretaceous radiolarians from the mélange and the deep-water sediments of the passive continental margin in the Rilang and Duobeng formations both indicate that during the Early Cretaceous, the Neo-Tethys Ocean was a widespread deep-sea environment. The reconstructed strata in this study are considered to have been deposited contemporaneously with the Rilang and Duobeng formations. In other words, while the Rilang and Duobeng formations were deposited along a passive continental margin, the deposition of the siliceous deep-water and hemipelagic sediments occurred in the ocean. After the Early Cretaceous, these sediments were preserved as accretionary mélange, becoming part of the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone.
{"title":"Early Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages in mélange of Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone in the Saga area, southern Xizang","authors":"Zhi-Hao He , Xin Li , Ya-Lin Li , Atsushi Matsuoka , Hui Luo , Xiao-Hui Cui , Jian-Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, 23 species of 14 genera within the mélange of the Saga area are documented. On this basis, a stratigraphic correlation is established between the Tethys Himalaya and the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone. The Cretaceous siliceous rock and siliceous mudstone strata in the mélange are also reported. Six stratigraphic units are identified in the Tethys Himalaya (Jurassic Zhela and Weimei formations, Cretaceous Rilang, Duobeng and Chuangde formations, and Paleocene Sangdanlin Formation). The Early Cretaceous radiolarians from the mélange and the deep-water sediments of the passive continental margin in the Rilang and Duobeng formations both indicate that during the Early Cretaceous, the Neo-Tethys Ocean was a widespread deep-sea environment. The reconstructed strata in this study are considered to have been deposited contemporaneously with the Rilang and Duobeng formations. In other words, while the Rilang and Duobeng formations were deposited along a passive continental margin, the deposition of the siliceous deep-water and hemipelagic sediments occurred in the ocean. After the Early Cretaceous, these sediments were preserved as accretionary mélange, becoming part of the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055
Fu-Lin Li , Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Zhong Han , Cheng-Gang Wang , Xiong-Wei Zeng , Long Wang , Hao Liu , Zong-Xin Wang , Fa-Fu Wu , Kun Liang , Wen-Kun Qie
The alatoform bivalve Opisoma is characterized by highly antero-posteriorly compressed shells with broad lateral wings formed by pronounced shell wall folds, and a robust, ventrally elongate hinge plate. As a key component of the Lithiotis-fauna, Early Jurassic species of Opisoma thrived in tropical shallow-marine environments along the Tethyan and Panthalassan coasts during the Sinemurian to early Toarcian interval. This study documents a new occurrence of well-preserved Opisoma menchikoffi specimens from the Pliensbachian Bou Dahar limestones of the eastern High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Numerous natural transverse sections through articulated shells at various growth stages, along with natural longitudinal sections of disarticulated shells provide comprehensive morphological insights, enabling a taxonomic revision of this previously poorly understood species. The dentition of O. menchikoffi is redefined, with the right valve possesses three cardinal teeth and the left valve bears two. Furthermore, a single occurrence of the Lithiotis-fauna from the upper Pliensbachian–lower Toarcian Pupuga Formation in Zanda County (Tethyan Himalaya), originally attributed to Lithiotis by Li et al. (2013), is reappraised and assigned to O. menchikoffi, Lithioperna scutata, and megalodontids. O. menchikoffi is now documented from the Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of Morocco and Algeria in the western Tethys, as well as from the upper Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of southern Xizang (Tibet) in the eastern Tethys. Its broad trans-Tethyan distribution constitutes a critical biostratigraphic marker that facilitates precise correlation of Early Jurassic sequences between the eastern and western Tethyan realms.
{"title":"Opisoma menchikoffi Dubar, 1948: New occurrences from the Lower Jurassic of the High Atlas, Morocco and Tethyan Himalaya, southern Xizang (Tibet), China","authors":"Fu-Lin Li , Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Zhong Han , Cheng-Gang Wang , Xiong-Wei Zeng , Long Wang , Hao Liu , Zong-Xin Wang , Fa-Fu Wu , Kun Liang , Wen-Kun Qie","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The alatoform bivalve <em>Opisoma</em> is characterized by highly antero-posteriorly compressed shells with broad lateral wings formed by pronounced shell wall folds, and a robust, ventrally elongate hinge plate. As a key component of the <em>Lithiotis</em>-fauna, Early Jurassic species of <em>Opisoma</em> thrived in tropical shallow-marine environments along the Tethyan and Panthalassan coasts during the Sinemurian to early Toarcian interval. This study documents a new occurrence of well-preserved <em>Opisoma menchikoffi</em> specimens from the Pliensbachian Bou Dahar limestones of the eastern High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Numerous natural transverse sections through articulated shells at various growth stages, along with natural longitudinal sections of disarticulated shells provide comprehensive morphological insights, enabling a taxonomic revision of this previously poorly understood species. The dentition of <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em> is redefined, with the right valve possesses three cardinal teeth and the left valve bears two. Furthermore, a single occurrence of the <em>Lithiotis</em>-fauna from the upper Pliensbachian–lower Toarcian Pupuga Formation in Zanda County (Tethyan Himalaya), originally attributed to <em>Lithiotis</em> by <span><span>Li et al. (2013)</span></span>, is reappraised and assigned to <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em>, <em>Lithioperna scutata</em>, and megalodontids. <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em> is now documented from the Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of Morocco and Algeria in the western Tethys, as well as from the upper Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of southern Xizang (Tibet) in the eastern Tethys. Its broad trans-Tethyan distribution constitutes a critical biostratigraphic marker that facilitates precise correlation of Early Jurassic sequences between the eastern and western Tethyan realms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201054
Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Quewang Danzeng , Peter W. Skelton , Bin-Tao Gao , Yi-Wei Xu , Ting Ruan , Kun Liang , Wen Guo , Ming Wang
Although the Langshan Formation has been widely regarded as spanning the Aptian to the lower Cenomanian (upper Lower to lower Upper Cretaceous), previous records of rudist bivalves from this formation were limited to the Auroradiolites biconvexus–Magallanesia rutogensis assemblage, which is restricted to upper Aptian to Albian (upper Lower Cretaceous). The discovery of Agriopleura libanica (Astre), along with Offneria murgensis, in the Langshan Formation of the northern Lhasa Terrane represents the first documented occurrence of early Aptian rudist bivalves in China, significantly extending the known stratigraphic range of rudists within this unit. The comparison between A. libanica and Auroradiolites supports the hypothesis that Auroradiolites descended directly from A. libanica, as evidenced by shared ligamentary and myophoral structures, despite differences in left valve convexity and interband morphology. The A. libanica–O. murgensis assemblage confirms the presence of a carbonate seaway in the Nyima region during the early Aptian (late Early Cretaceous), highlighting the significance of the Langshan Formation for reconstructing the paleogeography of northern Lhasa Terrane and the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. The occurrence of A. libanica in the Lhasa Terrane fills a critical geographic gap, bridging its known distribution from Arabia to East Asia during the early Aptian. It represents the first record of this species on the northern margin of the Tethys, as well as the first documentation of early Aptian rudists along the northern margin of the eastern Tethyan Ocean. These discoveries challenge the traditional division between northern and southern Tethyan rudist provinces, demonstrating cross-Tethyan faunal connectivity during the early Aptian.
{"title":"First record of early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) radiolitid Agriopleura libanica (Astre) from the Langshan Formation, northern Lhasa Terrane: Oldest rudist bivalves in China","authors":"Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Quewang Danzeng , Peter W. Skelton , Bin-Tao Gao , Yi-Wei Xu , Ting Ruan , Kun Liang , Wen Guo , Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the Langshan Formation has been widely regarded as spanning the Aptian to the lower Cenomanian (upper Lower to lower Upper Cretaceous), previous records of rudist bivalves from this formation were limited to the <em>Auroradiolites biconvexus</em>–<em>Magallanesia rutogensis</em> assemblage, which is restricted to upper Aptian to Albian (upper Lower Cretaceous). The discovery of <em>Agriopleura libanica</em> (Astre), along with <em>Offneria murgensis</em>, in the Langshan Formation of the northern Lhasa Terrane represents the first documented occurrence of early Aptian rudist bivalves in China, significantly extending the known stratigraphic range of rudists within this unit. The comparison between <em>A</em>. <em>libanica</em> and <em>Auroradiolites</em> supports the hypothesis that <em>Auroradiolites</em> descended directly from <em>A</em>. <em>libanica</em>, as evidenced by shared ligamentary and myophoral structures, despite differences in left valve convexity and interband morphology. The <em>A</em>. <em>libanica</em>–<em>O</em>. <em>murgensis</em> assemblage confirms the presence of a carbonate seaway in the Nyima region during the early Aptian (late Early Cretaceous), highlighting the significance of the Langshan Formation for reconstructing the paleogeography of northern Lhasa Terrane and the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. The occurrence of <em>A</em>. <em>libanica</em> in the Lhasa Terrane fills a critical geographic gap, bridging its known distribution from Arabia to East Asia during the early Aptian. It represents the first record of this species on the northern margin of the Tethys, as well as the first documentation of early Aptian rudists along the northern margin of the eastern Tethyan Ocean. These discoveries challenge the traditional division between northern and southern Tethyan rudist provinces, demonstrating cross-Tethyan faunal connectivity during the early Aptian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053
Le-Le Xu , Alexey S. Bashkuev , Xin-Neng Lian , Xiang-Dong Zhao
Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) in the Ordos Basin are represented by sparse records and a few described species from the lower Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation and the overlying Zhiluo Formation (upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic). In the adjacent Jiyuan Basin, a more diverse mecopteran fauna is known from the upper Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Yangshuzhuang Formation at Anyao, Jiyuan City in Henan Province. Additional records of Mecoptera from Yan’an and Yangshuzhuang formations are reported herein, including two new species, Itaphlebia yulinensis n. sp. (Nannochoristidae) and Vitimopsyche picta n. sp. (Mesopsychidae), as well as two potentially new species of Orthophlebiidae and Protorthophlebiidae described in open nomenclature and pending new material. The mecopteran fauna in both formations is composed of typical Jurassic taxa, including species very similar to those from the well-known Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota in Daohugou. The current problems of classification of fossil panorpoid scorpionflies are discussed.
鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组和上侏罗统直罗组（中上侏罗统至下侏罗统）侏罗系蝎子（Mecoptera）记录较少，已描述种类较少。在邻近的济源市安窑盆地中侏罗统上侏罗统杨树庄组中翼类动物群更为丰富。本文还报道了延安组和杨树庄组蝇翅目的新记录，包括两个新种，Itaphlebia yulinensis n. sp. （Nannochoristidae）和Vitimopsyche picta n. sp. (mesopchidae)，以及两个潜在的新种，正翅目和原翅目，已公开命名和有待新材料的描述。这两个组的翼类动物群均由典型的侏罗系分类群组成，其中包括与稻虎沟著名的中侏罗世盐辽生物群非常相似的物种。讨论了目前全景形蝎子化石分类中存在的问题。
{"title":"Additions to the Jurassic mecopteran assemblages from the Ordos and Jiyuan basins, north-central China","authors":"Le-Le Xu , Alexey S. Bashkuev , Xin-Neng Lian , Xiang-Dong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) in the Ordos Basin are represented by sparse records and a few described species from the lower Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation and the overlying Zhiluo Formation (upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic). In the adjacent Jiyuan Basin, a more diverse mecopteran fauna is known from the upper Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Yangshuzhuang Formation at Anyao, Jiyuan City in Henan Province. Additional records of Mecoptera from Yan’an and Yangshuzhuang formations are reported herein, including two new species, <em>Itaphlebia yulinensis</em> n. sp. (Nannochoristidae) and <em>Vitimopsyche picta</em> n. sp. (Mesopsychidae), as well as two potentially new species of Orthophlebiidae and Protorthophlebiidae described in open nomenclature and pending new material. The mecopteran fauna in both formations is composed of typical Jurassic taxa, including species very similar to those from the well-known Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota in Daohugou. The current problems of classification of fossil panorpoid scorpionflies are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Stromatoporoid faunas in the peri-Gondwanan regions during the Katian of the Late Ordovician exhibit a greater diversity of taxa compared with those from other contemporaneous continents and terranes. Geographical separation due to the numerous microplates comprising peri-Gondwana was a potential driver of this high diversity, but stromatoporoid faunas in many of these microplates have not been studied in detail because of their remote present-day locations. In this study, we report 12 genera and 16 species of stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation, exposed in the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, Northwest China, representing a unique occurrence in the North Qilian Mountains. This fauna includes <em>Cystostroma inconstans</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Pseudostylodictyon poshanense</em> <span><span>Ozaki, 1938</span></span>, <em>Labechia conglomerata</em> <span><span>Dong and Wang, 1984</span></span>, <em>Labechia shanhsiensis</em> Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930 (<span><span>Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a</span></span>), <em>Labechia</em> sp., <em>Labechiella gondwanense</em> Jeon in <span><span>Jeon et al., 2022a</span></span>, <em>Radiostroma astroqilianus</em> Jeon and Zhan n. sp., <em>Aulacera arbuscula</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Sinabeatricea crassicentra</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Lophiostroma leptolamellatum</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Clathrodictyon idense</em> <span><span>Webby and Banks, 1976</span></span>, <em>Clathrodictyon</em> sp. cf. <em>Cl</em>. <em>mammillatum</em> (<span><span>Schmidt, 1858</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis</em> (<span><span>Jiang et al., 2011</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon nestori</em> <span><span>Webby, 1969</span></span>, <em>Plexodictyon qilianense</em> Jeon n. sp., and <em>Simplexodictyon uniplexum</em> Jeon n. sp. In comparison with other peri-Gondwana regions and other adjacent areas, this fauna consists of a relatively high proportion of endemic taxa and some pandemic taxa, with species-level affinities most closely linking the North Qilian Mountains to North China, and to a lesser extent, South China. The occurrence of genera such as <em>Radiostroma</em>, <em>Plexodictyon</em>, and <em>Simplexodictyon</em>, previously restricted to Baltica and North China extends their known palaeogeographical ranges. The stromatoporoid assemblage of the North Qilian Mountains represents a transitional fauna between the Ordovician and Silurian, characterised by persistent labechiid dominance alongside the appearance of clathrodictyids and stromatoporellids, and the presence of both long-ranging Ordovician taxa and morphologically advanced genera, reflecting diversification trends also seen in the contemporaneous North China assemblage. Relatively high endemism of this stromatoporoid fauna is attributed to the island arc volcanic setting during the Late Ordovician, emphasizing the role of island arc setting in stromatoporoid diversification during the Ordovician.
晚奥陶世Katian时期冈瓦南周边地区的层孔虫动物群与其他同时期大陆和地质体的层孔虫动物群相比具有更大的多样性。由于包含近冈瓦纳大陆的众多微板块的地理分离是这种高度多样性的潜在驱动因素，但由于它们位于遥远的现代位置，许多微板块中的层孔类动物尚未得到详细研究。本文报道了青海省祁连县天宝河上游上奥陶统（卡田）口门子组的层孔虫12属16种，是北祁连山独特的地层。该动物群包括：全氏囊胞菌（Cystostroma inconstans Jeon n. sp）、波山假茎胞菌（Pseudostylodictyon poshanense Ozaki, 1938）、大叶氏菌（Dong and Wang, 1984）、山县菌（Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930）、全氏菌（Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a）、全氏菌（Jeon in Jeon等，2022a）、全氏菌（Radiostroma Jeon）和詹氏菌（Zhan n. sp）、丛树菌（Aulacera arbuscula Jeon n. sp）、全氏菌（sinabatricea crassicentra Jeon n. sp）、薄层菌（Lophiostroma leptolamellatum Jeon n. sp）、密氏菌（Clathrodictyon Webby and Banks, 1976）。clathrodicon sp. cf. Cl。mamillatum (Schmidt, 1858), Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis (Jiang et al, 2011), Ecclimadictyon nestori Webby, 1969, Plexodictyon qiilianense Jeon n. sp, Simplexodictyon uniplexum Jeon n. sp.。与冈瓦纳周边及邻近地区相比，该区系的特有类群和大流行类群比例较高，其物种亲缘关系将北祁连山与华北地区联系最紧密，与华南地区联系较少。以往局限于波罗的海和华北地区的Radiostroma、Plexodictyon和Simplexodictyon等属的出现扩大了它们已知的古地理范围。北祁连山叠孔虫组合是一个介于奥陶系和志留系之间的过渡性动物群，其特征是唇形类持续占优势，同时出现了叠孔类和叠孔类，同时存在着范围较长的奥陶系分类群和形态较先进的属，反映了同时期华北组合的多样化趋势。该叠孔虫动物群的较高地方性特征归因于晚奥陶世的岛弧火山环境，强调了岛弧环境在奥陶纪叠孔虫多样化中的作用。
{"title":"Stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation of North Qilian Mountains, China","authors":"Juwan Jeon , Yu-Chen Zhang , Stephen Kershaw , Ren-Bin Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stromatoporoid faunas in the peri-Gondwanan regions during the Katian of the Late Ordovician exhibit a greater diversity of taxa compared with those from other contemporaneous continents and terranes. Geographical separation due to the numerous microplates comprising peri-Gondwana was a potential driver of this high diversity, but stromatoporoid faunas in many of these microplates have not been studied in detail because of their remote present-day locations. In this study, we report 12 genera and 16 species of stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation, exposed in the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, Northwest China, representing a unique occurrence in the North Qilian Mountains. This fauna includes <em>Cystostroma inconstans</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Pseudostylodictyon poshanense</em> <span><span>Ozaki, 1938</span></span>, <em>Labechia conglomerata</em> <span><span>Dong and Wang, 1984</span></span>, <em>Labechia shanhsiensis</em> Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930 (<span><span>Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a</span></span>), <em>Labechia</em> sp., <em>Labechiella gondwanense</em> Jeon in <span><span>Jeon et al., 2022a</span></span>, <em>Radiostroma astroqilianus</em> Jeon and Zhan n. sp., <em>Aulacera arbuscula</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Sinabeatricea crassicentra</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Lophiostroma leptolamellatum</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Clathrodictyon idense</em> <span><span>Webby and Banks, 1976</span></span>, <em>Clathrodictyon</em> sp. cf. <em>Cl</em>. <em>mammillatum</em> (<span><span>Schmidt, 1858</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis</em> (<span><span>Jiang et al., 2011</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon nestori</em> <span><span>Webby, 1969</span></span>, <em>Plexodictyon qilianense</em> Jeon n. sp., and <em>Simplexodictyon uniplexum</em> Jeon n. sp. In comparison with other peri-Gondwana regions and other adjacent areas, this fauna consists of a relatively high proportion of endemic taxa and some pandemic taxa, with species-level affinities most closely linking the North Qilian Mountains to North China, and to a lesser extent, South China. The occurrence of genera such as <em>Radiostroma</em>, <em>Plexodictyon</em>, and <em>Simplexodictyon</em>, previously restricted to Baltica and North China extends their known palaeogeographical ranges. The stromatoporoid assemblage of the North Qilian Mountains represents a transitional fauna between the Ordovician and Silurian, characterised by persistent labechiid dominance alongside the appearance of clathrodictyids and stromatoporellids, and the presence of both long-ranging Ordovician taxa and morphologically advanced genera, reflecting diversification trends also seen in the contemporaneous North China assemblage. Relatively high endemism of this stromatoporoid fauna is attributed to the island arc volcanic setting during the Late Ordovician, emphasizing the role of island arc setting in stromatoporoid diversification during the Ordovician.","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, clarifying the biogeographic affinities and potential faunal exchanges between North China and its neighbouring blocks is pivotal to understanding trilobite diversification patterns. This study documents a Middle Ordovician trilobite fauna from the Zhongpu Formation in Yongdeng, Gansu, North China, comprising well-preserved cranidia and pygidia of 11 species belonging to 11 genera and 7 families, including one potentially new species of Pliomeridae. Trilobite biofacies analysis indicates an environment of deeper shelf slope. The geometric morphometric analysis of Middle Ordovician trilobites is presented herein. Outlier analysis shows that the pliomerid species deviates significantly from 15 selected taxa of the family, expanding the known morphological variation range of Pliomeridae during the Ordovician. Comparative morphological disparity analysis with the coeval trilobite fauna from Tarim reveals substantial similarity in outline configuration and traditional metrics, indicating potential faunal exchange or ecological connectivity during the late Darriwilian. This finding provides new quantitative evidence supporting the close palaeogeographic relationship between the North China and Tarim blocks during the Middle Ordovician. The quantitative methods employed in this study can also be applied to other investigations in the fields of systematic palaeontology and morphology to provide new suggestions for palaeobiogeography from a quantitative perspective.
{"title":"Middle Ordovician trilobites from the Zhongpu Formation, Yongdeng, Gansu and their palaeobiogeographic implications from quantitative morphometric analysis","authors":"Han-Xiao Shen , Qi Xu , Wen-Wei Yuan , Ying-Jun Peng , Jun-Xuan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, clarifying the biogeographic affinities and potential faunal exchanges between North China and its neighbouring blocks is pivotal to understanding trilobite diversification patterns. This study documents a Middle Ordovician trilobite fauna from the Zhongpu Formation in Yongdeng, Gansu, North China, comprising well-preserved cranidia and pygidia of 11 species belonging to 11 genera and 7 families, including one potentially new species of Pliomeridae. Trilobite biofacies analysis indicates an environment of deeper shelf slope. The geometric morphometric analysis of Middle Ordovician trilobites is presented herein. Outlier analysis shows that the pliomerid species deviates significantly from 15 selected taxa of the family, expanding the known morphological variation range of Pliomeridae during the Ordovician. Comparative morphological disparity analysis with the coeval trilobite fauna from Tarim reveals substantial similarity in outline configuration and traditional metrics, indicating potential faunal exchange or ecological connectivity during the late Darriwilian. This finding provides new quantitative evidence supporting the close palaeogeographic relationship between the North China and Tarim blocks during the Middle Ordovician. The quantitative methods employed in this study can also be applied to other investigations in the fields of systematic palaeontology and morphology to provide new suggestions for palaeobiogeography from a quantitative perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201050
Anthony J. Wright , Yong Yi Zhen , Sangmin Lee
The material of Early Devonian (Emsian) operculate rugose corals from Guangxi, South China, provides important morphological details leading to generic reassignment of some Chinese and Vietnamese calceolid species previously assigned to Calceola. Six species including two new species Sinoceola gracile Wright n. sp. and Richtereola guangxiensis Wright n. sp. and the new genus Sinoceola Wright n. gen. are documented. This study suggests that Calceola opercula are diagnostic in identification of true Calceola. The operculum of the diminutive Sinoceola n. gen. has chakeoloid major septal blades that are very different from the septa of Calceola, and semioval growth lines as opposed to the concentric growth lines of Rhizophyllum and Chakeola. “Calceola sandalina naningensis” Yoh in Yoh and Yu, 1957 is redescribed as belonging to Richtereola. Opercula of R. nanningensis and Richtereola guangxiensis n. sp. have straight septal blades parallel to the K (counter) septum, differing from the curved septal blades of Richtereola disruptusWright, 2006. Pragian Richtereola material described from New South Wales represents the oldest occurrence of the genus. Material identified as “Calceola subsinensis Yoh in Yoh and Yu, 1957” is redescribed as Chakeola subsinense (Yoh in Yoh and Yu, 1957). The holotype of Calceola intermediata robustaYoh, 1988 is considered indeterminate at genus or species level. The Vietnamese species “C. sandalina acuminata” Mansuy, 1916 might belong to Sinoceola but crucial opercular details of C. acuminata are poorly known in the type material.
A new morphological term, the Extra-Alar Ridge (EAR), is proposed for the low rounded ridge on the internal surface of many calceolid corallites close to the lateral extremity of the counter face, and on the cardinal side of the alar septum where septal insertion is often seen.
广西早泥盆世（Emsian）有盖的紫纹珊瑚的材料，提供了重要的形态学细节，从而导致一些中国和越南的calceolides物种先前被划分为Calceola。记录了新种Sinoceola gracile Wright n. sp和Richtereola guangxiensis Wright n. sp 2新种和新属Sinoceola Wright n. gen. 6种。本研究提示胼胝体包膜对鉴别真性胼胝体有一定的诊断价值。小的中国菜（Sinoceola n. genera .）的叶盖具有与萼菜（Calceola）的叶隔截然不同的羽状主隔叶片，以及与根菜（Rhizophyllum）和中国菜（Chakeola）的同心圆生长线相反的半圆形生长线。“Calceola sandalina naningensis”Yoh在Yoh and Yu， 1957中被重新描述为属于Richtereola。与裂裂Richtereola disruptus （Wright, 2006）的弯曲萼片不同，南南和广西Richtereola n.sp .的叶盖具有平行于K（反）隔的直的萼片。来自新南威尔士州的Pragian Richtereola材料代表了该属最古老的出现。鉴定为“Calceola subsinensis Yoh in Yoh and Yu, 1957”的材料被重新描述为Chakeola subsinense （Yoh in Yoh and Yu, 1957）。Calceola intermediata robusta Yoh， 1988的全型在属或种水平上被认为是不确定的。C.越南品种；Mansuy， 1916可能属于Sinoceola，但C. acuminata的关键光学细节在类型材料中知之甚少。鼻翼外脊（earar - outer - alar Ridge， EAR）是一个新的形态学术语，用于描述在许多钙质珊瑚的内表面上靠近反面外侧的低圆形脊，以及鼻翼间隔的基数侧，鼻翼间隔的插入常被看到。
{"title":"Early Devonian operculate rugose corals from South China and Australia","authors":"Anthony J. Wright , Yong Yi Zhen , Sangmin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The material of Early Devonian (Emsian) operculate rugose corals from Guangxi, South China, provides important morphological details leading to generic reassignment of some Chinese and Vietnamese calceolid species previously assigned to <em>Calceola</em>. Six species including two new species <em>Sinoceola gracile</em> Wright n. sp. and <em>Richtereola guangxiensis</em> Wright n. sp. and the new genus <em>Sinoceola</em> Wright n. gen. are documented. This study suggests that <em>Calceola</em> opercula are diagnostic in identification of true <em>Calceola</em>. The operculum of the diminutive <em>Sinoceola</em> n. gen. has chakeoloid major septal blades that are very different from the septa of <em>Calceola</em>, and semioval growth lines as opposed to the concentric growth lines of <em>Rhizophyllum</em> and <em>Chakeola</em>. “<em>Calceola sandalina naningensis</em>” Yoh in <span><span>Yoh and Yu, 1957</span></span> is redescribed as belonging to <em>Richtereola</em>. Opercula of <em>R</em>. <em>nanningensis</em> and <em>Richtereola guangxiensis</em> n. sp. have straight septal blades parallel to the K (counter) septum, differing from the curved septal blades of <em>Richtereola disruptus</em> <span><span>Wright, 2006</span></span>. Pragian <em>Richtereola</em> material described from New South Wales represents the oldest occurrence of the genus. Material identified as “<em>Calceola subsinensis</em> Yoh in <span><span>Yoh and Yu, 1957</span></span>” is redescribed as <em>Chakeola subsinense</em> (Yoh in <span><span>Yoh and Yu, 1957</span></span>). The holotype of <em>Calceola intermediata robusta</em> <span><span>Yoh, 1988</span></span> is considered indeterminate at genus or species level. The Vietnamese species “<em>C</em>. <em>sandalina acuminata</em>” <span><span>Mansuy, 1916</span></span> might belong to <em>Sinoceola</em> but crucial opercular details of <em>C</em>. <em>acuminata</em> are poorly known in the type material.</div><div>A new morphological term, the Extra-Alar Ridge (EAR), is proposed for the low rounded ridge on the internal surface of many calceolid corallites close to the lateral extremity of the counter face, and on the cardinal side of the alar septum where septal insertion is often seen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201049
Giorgio Carnevale , Luca Pellegrino , Giulia Bosio , Giovanni Bianucci , Alberto Collareta , Claudio Di Celma , Elisa Malinverno , Abel Alejandro Ramirez Ampuero , Luz Tejada-Medina , César Chacaltana , Mario Urbina , Giuseppe Marramà
The Miocene sedimentary sequences of the Pisco Formation (Eastern Pisco Basin, southern Peru) are renowned for the abundance of fossil vertebrates that document the early evolution of the biotic communities of the Humboldt Current Ecosystem. Vertebrate remains are often exceptionally preserved, representing a variety of fishes, turtles, crocodiles, birds, and marine mammals. Here, we describe a new species of sardine, Sardinops humboldti n. sp., based on partially complete articulated skeletons from the Upper Miocene P2 sequence of the Pisco Formation. This new species is morphologically similar to the extant Indian-Pacific species S. sagax from which it differs by having larger parietals, a thick and much elongate supraoccipital crest, anterolateral processes of the sphenotics that protrude obliquely from the skull roof, posterior margins of the supraoccipital and epioccipitals forming a broad acute angle approaching 90°, and gently rounded ventral margin of the opercle. Taphonomic and paleoecological evidences suggest that S. humboldti n. sp. was probably very abundant in the Eastern Pisco Basin where it formed relatively small schools of large individuals that were uniform in size, representing the trophic nucleus of the diverse vertebrate communities. Paleobiogeographic implications are also discussed.
皮斯科组中新世沉积序列（秘鲁南部皮斯科盆地东部）以丰富的脊椎动物化石而闻名，这些化石记录了洪堡洋流生态系统生物群落的早期进化。脊椎动物的遗骸通常保存得特别好，代表着各种各样的鱼类、海龟、鳄鱼、鸟类和海洋哺乳动物。在这里，我们描述了一个新的沙丁鱼物种，沙丁鱼洪堡蒂n. sp.，基于部分完整的关节骨骼从上中新世P2层序皮斯科组。这个新种在形态上与现存的印度-太平洋物种sagax相似，不同之处在于它有更大的顶骨，厚而细长的枕上嵴，从头骨顶部斜伸出的颅前外侧突，枕上和枕上的后缘形成一个接近90°的宽锐角，以及稍圆的颅围腹缘。地形学和古生态学证据表明，S. humboldti n. sp在东部皮斯科盆地可能非常丰富，在那里形成了相对较小的大型个体群，它们的大小一致，代表了不同脊椎动物群落的营养核。还讨论了古生物地理学意义。
{"title":"Fossil sardines from the Pisco Formation (Miocene), Peru: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleoecology","authors":"Giorgio Carnevale , Luca Pellegrino , Giulia Bosio , Giovanni Bianucci , Alberto Collareta , Claudio Di Celma , Elisa Malinverno , Abel Alejandro Ramirez Ampuero , Luz Tejada-Medina , César Chacaltana , Mario Urbina , Giuseppe Marramà","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Miocene sedimentary sequences of the Pisco Formation (Eastern Pisco Basin, southern Peru) are renowned for the abundance of fossil vertebrates that document the early evolution of the biotic communities of the Humboldt Current Ecosystem. Vertebrate remains are often exceptionally preserved, representing a variety of fishes, turtles, crocodiles, birds, and marine mammals. Here, we describe a new species of sardine, <em>Sardinops humboldti</em> n. sp., based on partially complete articulated skeletons from the Upper Miocene P2 sequence of the Pisco Formation. This new species is morphologically similar to the extant Indian-Pacific species <em>S</em>. <em>sagax</em> from which it differs by having larger parietals, a thick and much elongate supraoccipital crest, anterolateral processes of the sphenotics that protrude obliquely from the skull roof, posterior margins of the supraoccipital and epioccipitals forming a broad acute angle approaching 90°, and gently rounded ventral margin of the opercle. Taphonomic and paleoecological evidences suggest that <em>S</em>. <em>humboldti</em> n. sp. was probably very abundant in the Eastern Pisco Basin where it formed relatively small schools of large individuals that were uniform in size, representing the trophic nucleus of the diverse vertebrate communities. Paleobiogeographic implications are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048
Jia-Qi Song , Xiang Fang , Yu-Chen Zhang , Xin Wei , Ya-Tao Zhang , Yi Wang , Ren-Bin Zhan
The North Qilian Mountains region is an important component of the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Palaeocean. The Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) in the region yields a significant number of Ordovician fossils, of which cephalopods have rarely been systematically studied and recorded. Herein, a moderately preserved cephalopod collection from the Koumenzi Formation is presented from the North Qilian Mountains, Qilian Orogenic Belt. This fossil assemblage, obtained from the section near the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, consists of Anaspyroceras sp., Geisonocerina? sp., Paradnatoceras nyalamense, as well as some unnamed oncoceratoid and orthoceratoid cephalopods. Furthermore, quantitative palaeoecological analyses based on global occurrences, uncover notable provincialism of Katian cephalopods. Two cephalopod provinces related to palaeolatitude are recognised by cluster analysis and weighted network analysis. Global oceanic currents might have been responsible for the pattern of the cephalopod faunal composition and distribution in the Katian.
{"title":"Cephalopods from the Upper Ordovician of the North Qilian Mountains region: Implications for palaeobiogeography","authors":"Jia-Qi Song , Xiang Fang , Yu-Chen Zhang , Xin Wei , Ya-Tao Zhang , Yi Wang , Ren-Bin Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The North Qilian Mountains region is an important component of the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Palaeocean. The Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) in the region yields a significant number of Ordovician fossils, of which cephalopods have rarely been systematically studied and recorded. Herein, a moderately preserved cephalopod collection from the Koumenzi Formation is presented from the North Qilian Mountains, Qilian Orogenic Belt. This fossil assemblage, obtained from the section near the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, consists of <em>Anaspyroceras</em> sp., <em>Geisonocerina</em>? sp., <em>Paradnatoceras nyalamense</em>, as well as some unnamed oncoceratoid and orthoceratoid cephalopods. Furthermore, quantitative palaeoecological analyses based on global occurrences, uncover notable provincialism of Katian cephalopods. Two cephalopod provinces related to palaeolatitude are recognised by cluster analysis and weighted network analysis. Global oceanic currents might have been responsible for the pattern of the cephalopod faunal composition and distribution in the Katian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047
Wei-Peng Bai , Shi-Qi Wang
Soergelia, known as Soergel’s ox, is an extinct bovid genus, placed under Caprini of Bovidae. It is characterized by a pair of far apart positioned and anteriorly growing horncores, and was widely distributed across Europe, Siberia of Russia, as well as North America during the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene. However, the rare finds hindered the taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus. Here, we established and described a new species of the genus, S. longdanensis n. sp., based on the material discovered from Longdan, Gansu Province, dated as early Early Pleistocene (2.595–2.137 Ma). It is not only the first record of the genus in East Asia, but also the earliest record in the world. The new species shares a series of common characters with the genus; however, it has some distinct characters, differing from the other known species, such as the horncore tip bending upward, slow tapering rate, etc. Additionally, we briefly reviewed the known Soergelia species, and considered that the taxonomic status of S. brigittae still needs to be determined, and S. intermedia and Soergelia cf. minor (Dmanisi) might be a synonym. Furthermore, we estimated the evolutionary and dispersal trends of the genus, suggesting that it probably originated from a Kabulicornis-like form, which dispersed westward and eastward during the Late Pliocene, and evolved into S. longdanensis, S. minor and Soergelia cf. minor (S. intermedia?), respectively. The former species dispersed northward into Siberia of Russia during the middle Early Pleistocene, and evolved into S. elisabethae. This species dispersed westward into Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, and eastward into North America evolving into S. mayfieldi at approximately 0.8 Ma.
牛属（Soergelia），又称牛属（Soergel 's ox），是一种已灭绝的牛属，属于牛科（Bovidae）的Caprini。它的特点是一对角核位置较远，生长较前，在早更新世至中更新世期间广泛分布于欧洲、俄罗斯西伯利亚和北美。然而，这些罕见的发现阻碍了该属的分类和进化研究。本文根据甘肃龙丹地区早更新世早期（2.595 ~ 2.137 Ma）发现的材料，建立并描述了该属新种S. longdanensis n. sp.。这不仅是东亚地区最早的属记录，也是世界上最早的属记录。新种与该属具有一系列共同特征；然而，它有一些明显的特征，不同于其他已知的物种，如角核尖端向上弯曲，逐渐变细的速度慢等。此外，我们简要回顾了已知的Soergelia种，认为S. brigittae的分类地位仍有待确定，S. intermedia和S. Soergelia cf. minor （Dmanisi）可能是同义词。进一步估计了该属的进化和扩散趋势，认为其可能起源于一个类似kabulicoris的形态，在上新世晚期向西和向东扩散，分别演化为S. longdanensis、S. minor和Soergelia c . minor （S. intermedia?）。前一种在早更新世中期向北分散到俄罗斯西伯利亚，并进化为S. elisethae。该物种在中更新世早期向西分散到欧洲，并在大约0.8 Ma时向东进入北美演变为s.m aifieldi。
{"title":"First record of Soergelia (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from East Asia: Implications for its taxonomy, evolution, and dispersal history","authors":"Wei-Peng Bai , Shi-Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Soergelia</em>, known as Soergel’s ox, is an extinct bovid genus, placed under Caprini of Bovidae. It is characterized by a pair of far apart positioned and anteriorly growing horncores, and was widely distributed across Europe, Siberia of Russia, as well as North America during the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene. However, the rare finds hindered the taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus. Here, we established and described a new species of the genus, <em>S</em>. <em>longdanensis</em> n. sp., based on the material discovered from Longdan, Gansu Province, dated as early Early Pleistocene (2.595–2.137 Ma). It is not only the first record of the genus in East Asia, but also the earliest record in the world. The new species shares a series of common characters with the genus; however, it has some distinct characters, differing from the other known species, such as the horncore tip bending upward, slow tapering rate, etc. Additionally, we briefly reviewed the known <em>Soergelia</em> species, and considered that the taxonomic status of <em>S</em>. <em>brigittae</em> still needs to be determined, and <em>S</em>. <em>intermedia</em> and <em>Soergelia</em> cf. <em>minor</em> (Dmanisi) might be a synonym. Furthermore, we estimated the evolutionary and dispersal trends of the genus, suggesting that it probably originated from a <em>Kabulicornis</em>-like form, which dispersed westward and eastward during the Late Pliocene, and evolved into <em>S</em>. <em>longdanensis</em>, <em>S</em>. <em>minor</em> and <em>Soergelia</em> cf. <em>minor</em> (<em>S</em>. <em>intermedia</em>?), respectively. The former species dispersed northward into Siberia of Russia during the middle Early Pleistocene, and evolved into <em>S</em>. <em>elisabethae</em>. This species dispersed westward into Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, and eastward into North America evolving into <em>S</em>. <em>mayfieldi</em> at approximately 0.8 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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