This study reports the Teredolites clavatus borings within the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber from the Hammana-Mdeirij outcrop, offering new insights into the taphonomy of a fossil resin. These findings represent one of the oldest known examples of this ichnospecies in fossil resins and are similar in age to borings known from the Jordanian amber. The club-shaped borings produced by marine wood-boring bivalves (most probably piddocks) are interpreted as domichnia belonging to the Teredolites ichnofacies. Four amber pebbles containing well-preserved borings were examined, one of which retains a distinct bioglyph on its interior surface. The impact of interpretation fossil resins as a xylic or lithic substrate is presented, in ichnotaxonomical and paleoenvironmental contexts. The studied specimens support a taphonomic model in which bored amber fragments were reworked and deposited, together with xylite material, during a regressive phase along the Tethyan shoreline. The absence of Apectoichnus and other woodground borings corroborates this interpretation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using trace fossils in amber for reconstructing depositional environments and enhances the ichnological and paleoecological framework of Lebanese amber-bearing sequences with new data.
{"title":"Teredolites clavatus borings in fossil resins and their significance — new data from Cretaceous Lebanese amber","authors":"Błażej Bojarski , Karolina Cierocka , Sahar Azar , Jacek Szwedo","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the <em>Teredolites clavatus</em> borings within the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber from the Hammana-Mdeirij outcrop, offering new insights into the taphonomy of a fossil resin. These findings represent one of the oldest known examples of this ichnospecies in fossil resins and are similar in age to borings known from the Jordanian amber. The club-shaped borings produced by marine wood-boring bivalves (most probably piddocks) are interpreted as domichnia belonging to the Teredolites ichnofacies. Four amber pebbles containing well-preserved borings were examined, one of which retains a distinct bioglyph on its interior surface. The impact of interpretation fossil resins as a xylic or lithic substrate is presented, in ichnotaxonomical and paleoenvironmental contexts. The studied specimens support a taphonomic model in which bored amber fragments were reworked and deposited, together with xylite material, during a regressive phase along the Tethyan shoreline. The absence of <em>Apectoichnus</em> and other woodground borings corroborates this interpretation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using trace fossils in amber for reconstructing depositional environments and enhances the ichnological and paleoecological framework of Lebanese amber-bearing sequences with new data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995
Lei Zhang , Ying Wu , Fan Zhai , Chen-Zhang Duan , Shan-Shan Fu , Shan Chang , Yan Ye , Can Chen , Xia Wang , Xian-Guo Lang , Qing-Lai Feng , Marie-Béatrice Forel
As phylogenetically basal metazoans, sponges (phylum Porifera) provide crucial insights into the origins of animal biomineralization and early body plan innovation. However, articulated sponge fossils remain exceptionally rare in Ediacaran–Cambrian transition strata, with most records limited to isolated spicules or ambiguous biomineralized structures. This study reports siliceous and phosphatically preserved sponge spicule tufts from the lower Yanjiahe Formation (∼535 Ma, Fortunian Stage) at the Muyangxi section (eastern Three Gorges area, South China). Dominated by monaxons, with co-occurring pentactine spicules, two morphotypes are distinguished: Type 1 tufts comprise slender, hollow monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼15.9 µm, n = 37) with uniform near-parallel alignment, while Type 2 tufts consist of sturdier phosphatized monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼91.1 µm, n = 135) arranged as subparallel bundles, slightly radially oriented arrangements, and sometimes semi-randomly in single layers, occasionally with perpendicular alignments to the adjacent layers. Small curved oxeas in the Type 2 tufts suggest incipient hierarchical organization. Although fragmentary preservation limits taxonomic resolution, these tufts likely represent the earliest unequivocal biomineralized sponges, potentially corresponding to stem-group Demospongiae and/or Hexactinellida (Silicea). In combination with the previous evidences found from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, we hypothesize that early sponge biomineralization was likely monaxon-dominated, with hexactines arising via axial fusion or increased axis number, culminating in hexactinellid diversification by Terreneuvian Stage 2. Integrated with Small Shelly Fossil Zone 1 biochronology, our findings indicate rapid pre-Fortunian to Fortunian-stage spicule enlargement (≤ 200 μm to ≥ 500 μm) and architectural complexification, aligning with early Cambrian ecological escalation. Alternatively, it is possible that the divergence between Hexactinellida and Demospongiae may predate biomineralization, as their last common ancestor may have lacked siliceous spicules. The Yanjiahe spicules illuminate a critical prelude to the Cambrian sponge explosion, bridging Ediacaran soft-bodied ancestors and later diverse, mineralized clades.
作为系统发育上的基础后生动物，海绵（门Porifera）为动物生物矿化和早期身体结构创新的起源提供了重要的见解。然而，在埃迪卡拉-寒武纪过渡地层中，关节海绵化石仍然非常罕见，大多数记录仅限于孤立的针状体或模糊的生物矿化结构。本文报道了三峡东部木羊溪剖面下延家河组（~ 535 Ma，福图尼期）的硅质和磷化保存的海绵针状簇。以单轴突为主，同时出现五行状针状体，可区分为两种形态：1型簇包括细长中空的单轴突（最大宽度平均值：~ 15.9µm, n = 37），具有均匀的近平行排列，而2型簇由更坚固的磷化单轴突组成(最大宽度平均值：~ 91.1µm, n = 135)排列成亚平行束，略呈放射状排列，有时半随机排列在单层中，偶尔与相邻层垂直排列。2型丛中的小弯曲的牛轭表明了等级组织的初步形成。尽管碎片的保存限制了分类学的分辨率，但这些簇可能代表了最早的明确的生物矿化海绵，可能对应于茎群Demospongiae和/或Hexactinellida （silea）。结合埃迪卡拉-寒武纪过渡时期的证据，我们推测早期海绵生物矿化可能以单轴生物为主，通过轴向融合或轴数增加产生六轴生物，最终在Terreneuvian第2阶段实现六轴生物多样化。结合小Shelly化石带1的生物年代学，研究结果表明，前福尔图尼期至福尔图尼期针状体迅速扩大（≤200 μm至≥500 μm），建筑复杂，与早寒武世的生态升级一致。另外，Hexactinellida和Demospongiae之间的分化可能早于生物矿化，因为它们最后的共同祖先可能缺乏硅质针状体。延家河针状体揭示了寒武纪海绵大爆发的一个重要前奏，连接了埃迪卡拉纪的软体祖先和后来多样化的矿化进化枝。
{"title":"The earliest sponge spicule tufts from the Cambrian Lower Yanjiahe Formation, Three Gorges area, South China","authors":"Lei Zhang , Ying Wu , Fan Zhai , Chen-Zhang Duan , Shan-Shan Fu , Shan Chang , Yan Ye , Can Chen , Xia Wang , Xian-Guo Lang , Qing-Lai Feng , Marie-Béatrice Forel","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As phylogenetically basal metazoans, sponges (phylum Porifera) provide crucial insights into the origins of animal biomineralization and early body plan innovation. However, articulated sponge fossils remain exceptionally rare in Ediacaran–Cambrian transition strata, with most records limited to isolated spicules or ambiguous biomineralized structures. This study reports siliceous and phosphatically preserved sponge spicule tufts from the lower Yanjiahe Formation (∼535 Ma, Fortunian Stage) at the Muyangxi section (eastern Three Gorges area, South China). Dominated by monaxons, with co-occurring pentactine spicules, two morphotypes are distinguished: Type 1 tufts comprise slender, hollow monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼15.9 µm, n = 37) with uniform near-parallel alignment, while Type 2 tufts consist of sturdier phosphatized monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼91.1 µm, n = 135) arranged as subparallel bundles, slightly radially oriented arrangements, and sometimes semi-randomly in single layers, occasionally with perpendicular alignments to the adjacent layers. Small curved oxeas in the Type 2 tufts suggest incipient hierarchical organization. Although fragmentary preservation limits taxonomic resolution, these tufts likely represent the earliest unequivocal biomineralized sponges, potentially corresponding to stem-group Demospongiae and/or Hexactinellida (Silicea). In combination with the previous evidences found from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, we hypothesize that early sponge biomineralization was likely monaxon-dominated, with hexactines arising via axial fusion or increased axis number, culminating in hexactinellid diversification by Terreneuvian Stage 2. Integrated with Small Shelly Fossil Zone 1 biochronology, our findings indicate rapid pre-Fortunian to Fortunian-stage spicule enlargement (≤ 200 μm to ≥ 500 μm) and architectural complexification, aligning with early Cambrian ecological escalation. Alternatively, it is possible that the divergence between Hexactinellida and Demospongiae may predate biomineralization, as their last common ancestor may have lacked siliceous spicules. The Yanjiahe spicules illuminate a critical prelude to the Cambrian sponge explosion, bridging Ediacaran soft-bodied ancestors and later diverse, mineralized clades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200994
Matías J. Mango , Guillermo L. Albanesi
The present study deals with the conodont fauna and its biostratigraphy recorded in the upper 14 m of the San Juan Formation at the Potrerillos Creek section, northern Central Precordillera of Argentina. The analysis of seven conodont samples from levels of biostratigraphic interest allowed the identification of 10,676 conodont elements, assigned to 41 genera and 59 species. One new genus (Resinodus n. gen.) and two new species (Resinodus nalamamacatus n. gen. n. sp. and Tripodus precolaevis n. sp.) are defined, expanding the knowledge of conodont taxonomy for the Dapingian (Middle Ordovician) in Argentina. Recognition of Tripodus precolaevis n. sp., whose range is restricted to the early–middle Dapingian, supports the definition of the Tripodus precolaevis Zone in the upper San Juan Formation. This biozone potentially correlates with the Baltoniodus triangularis Zone in China and Baltica, and possibly also in northwestern Argentina. The Tripodus precolaevis Zone may correlate with the lower part of the Tripodus laevis Zone and the lower part of the Neomultioistodus compressus/Tricladiodus clypeus Zone in North America. The conodont elements from the Potrerillos Creek section have a CAI of 2.5–3, indicating burial paleotemperatures of 85 °C–200 °C. Most elements display overgrowths of silica crystals, while a few elements have recrystallized surface lamella. These fossilization features may be attributed to diagenetic effects due to intense tectonism in the Andean Orogeny.
本文研究了阿根廷中部Precordillera北部Potrerillos Creek剖面圣胡安组上部14 m处的牙形石动物群及其生物地层学记录。对来自生物地层兴趣水平的7个牙形石样本进行分析，鉴定出10,676个牙形石元素，归属于41属59种。确定了一个新属（Resinodus n. gen.）和两个新种（Resinodus nalamamacatus n. gen. sp.和Tripodus precolaevis n. sp.），扩大了阿根廷大坪期（中奥陶世）牙形刺分类的知识。发现范围局限于大坪纪早中期的三足前colaevis n. sp.，支持了圣胡安组上部三足前colaevis带的定义。该生物带可能与中国和波罗的海的Baltoniodus triangularis生物带有关，也可能与阿根廷西北部的Baltoniodus triangularis生物带有关。Tripodus precolaevis带可能与北美洲的Tripodus laevis带的下部和nemultiistodus compressus/Tricladiodus clypeus带的下部相对应。potrerilllos Creek剖面牙形石元素的CAI值为2.5 ~ 3，表明古埋藏温度为85℃~ 200℃。大多数元素显示出硅晶体的过度生长，而少数元素表面有再结晶的薄片。这些化石特征可能是由于安第斯造山运动强烈的构造作用造成的成岩作用。
{"title":"New conodont taxa and correlation of the upper San Juan Formation, Dapingian (Ordovician), at Potrerillos Creek, Argentine Precordillera","authors":"Matías J. Mango , Guillermo L. Albanesi","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study deals with the conodont fauna and its biostratigraphy recorded in the upper 14 m of the San Juan Formation at the Potrerillos Creek section, northern Central Precordillera of Argentina. The analysis of seven conodont samples from levels of biostratigraphic interest allowed the identification of 10,676 conodont elements, assigned to 41 genera and 59 species. One new genus (<em>Resinodus</em> n. gen.) and two new species (<em>Resinodus nalamamacatus</em> n. gen. n. sp. and <em>Tripodus precolaevis</em> n. sp.) are defined, expanding the knowledge of conodont taxonomy for the Dapingian (Middle Ordovician) in Argentina. Recognition of <em>Tripodus precolaevis</em> n. sp., whose range is restricted to the early–middle Dapingian, supports the definition of the <em>Tripodus precolaevis</em> Zone in the upper San Juan Formation. This biozone potentially correlates with the <em>Baltoniodus triangularis</em> Zone in China and Baltica, and possibly also in northwestern Argentina. The <em>Tripodus precolaevis</em> Zone may correlate with the lower part of the <em>Tripodus laevis</em> Zone and the lower part of the <em>Neomultioistodus compressus</em>/<em>Tricladiodus clypeus</em> Zone in North America. The conodont elements from the Potrerillos Creek section have a CAI of 2.5–3, indicating burial paleotemperatures of 85 °C–200 °C. Most elements display overgrowths of silica crystals, while a few elements have recrystallized surface lamella. These fossilization features may be attributed to diagenetic effects due to intense tectonism in the Andean Orogeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200993
Michael S. Engel
New parasitoid wasps of the superfamily Ceraphronoidea are systematically described and figured in various Cretaceous and Cenozoic ambers, ranging in age from Barremian (Early Cretaceous) to Ypresian (early Eocene). A new family, putatively a stem group to Megaspilidae + Ceraphronidae, is described from a single female in Barremian amber from Lebanon. Ceospilidae n. fam., currently including only the type genus and species — Ceospilus phoenicius n. gen., n. sp. — are distinguished from other ceraphronoids. Two new species of Megaspilidae are described: Conostigmus novacaesarea n. sp. from the Turonian amber of New Jersey, USA and Dendrocerus ypresicus n. sp. from the Ypresian amber of Gujarat, India.
在白垩纪和新生代的各种琥珀中，系统地描述和描绘了从巴雷米期（早白垩世）到伊波斯期（早始新世）的新寄生蜂超科。黎巴嫩巴雷米亚琥珀中一只雌性琥珀中发现了一个新家族，被认为是巨蛛科+蠓科的主干群。蜘蛛科；目前仅包括模式属和种（Ceospilus phoenicius n. gen., n. sp.）与其他蠓类有区别。报道了两种巨蛛科新种：美国新泽西州Turonian琥珀中的Conostigmus novacaesarea n. sp.和印度古吉拉特邦伊波斯琥珀中的Dendrocerus ypresicus n. sp.。
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Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200992
Shan-Chi Peng , Loren E. Babcock , Xian-Feng Yang , Tao Dai , Xue-Jian Zhu
A new species of damesellid trilobite, Bergeronites leishuae n. sp., is described from the Fulu Biota in the Longha Formation (Cambrian, Guzhangian), southeastern Yunnan Province, South China. Bergeronites leishuae is common in the Fulu Lagerstätte and represented by both disarticulated sclerites and the first complete exoskeletons recorded for the genus. Together, these remains allow for a more thorough understanding of the morphology of this distinctive trilobite genus, both dorsally and ventrally. The new material also allows for further differential comparisons with other species previously assigned to Bergeronites. Specimens showing the ventral cephalic morphology reveal the presence of a short connective suture immediately flanking the sagittal line of the doublure, and a thin, ridge-like rostral plate. They also show the hypostome to be in conterminant condition. Ontogenetic material of B. leishuae is known from meraspid degree 6 through the holaspid stage; it includes the first meraspid-stage specimens known for Bergeronites. As presently known, the geographic distribution of Bergeronites is restricted to the East Asian sector of Gondwana (North China, South China, and Vietnam).
云南东南部古章县龙沙组富鲁生物群中记述了一新种淑女三叶虫bergerites leishuae n. sp.。bergerites leishuae在Fulu Lagerstätte中很常见，以分离的硬骨和首次记录的完整外骨骼为代表。总之，这些遗骸允许更彻底地了解这种独特的三叶虫属的形态，包括背侧和腹侧。新材料也允许进一步的差异比较与其他物种以前分配给Bergeronites。标本显示头侧腹侧形态，在双侧矢状线的侧面有一条短的结缔组织缝合线，以及一薄的脊状吻侧板。它们还表明假设处于定常状态。利沙白螺旋体的个体发生物质已知于6级到全圆螺旋体阶段；它包括第一个以Bergeronites闻名的meraspid阶段的标本。正如目前所知，Bergeronites的地理分布仅限于冈瓦纳的东亚地区（华北、华南和越南）。
{"title":"A new species of Bergeronites (Trilobita, Damesellidae, Bergeronitinae) from the Longha Formation (Cambrian, Guzhangian) in southeastern Yunnan, South China","authors":"Shan-Chi Peng , Loren E. Babcock , Xian-Feng Yang , Tao Dai , Xue-Jian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new species of damesellid trilobite, <em>Bergeronites leishuae</em> n. sp., is described from the Fulu Biota in the Longha Formation (Cambrian, Guzhangian), southeastern Yunnan Province, South China. <em>Bergeronites leishuae</em> is common in the Fulu Lagerstätte and represented by both disarticulated sclerites and the first complete exoskeletons recorded for the genus. Together, these remains allow for a more thorough understanding of the morphology of this distinctive trilobite genus, both dorsally and ventrally. The new material also allows for further differential comparisons with other species previously assigned to <em>Bergeronites</em>. Specimens showing the ventral cephalic morphology reveal the presence of a short connective suture immediately flanking the sagittal line of the doublure, and a thin, ridge-like rostral plate. They also show the hypostome to be in conterminant condition. Ontogenetic material of <em>B</em>. <em>leishuae</em> is known from meraspid degree 6 through the holaspid stage; it includes the first meraspid-stage specimens known for <em>Bergeronites</em>. As presently known, the geographic distribution of <em>Bergeronites</em> is restricted to the East Asian sector of Gondwana (North China, South China, and Vietnam).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200990
Sergio Álvarez-Parra , Sibelle Maksoud
Scolebythidae are a family within the Chrysidoidea characterized by their peculiar structure of the mesosoma, with the propleura exposed dorsally and the protrochanters inserted laterally on the procoxae. The family is represented by only nine extant species, which are found in tropical and subtropical forests around the world. Some of these species show evidence of an idiobiont ectoparasitoidism behavior on wood-boring beetle larvae of the families Cerambycidae and Ptinidae. Here, we describe Pachycephalopenesia eximia n. gen. n. sp. from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) amber-bearing outcrop of Beqaa Kafra, in North Lebanon. This new genus is characterized by the presence of a striking protuberance on the frons between the compound eyes and extending from the antennal sockets to the ocelli, which is unique in the family so far. This finding proves that the morphological disparity in Scolebythidae is higher than previously thought. An updated checklist of the fossil scolebythid species and a key to the species from the Lebanese amber are included.
棘棘科是棘总科中的一个科，以其独特的介膜结构为特征，前胸膜背向外露，前棘突向外侧插入。该科仅存9种，分布在世界各地的热带和亚热带森林中。其中部分种对天牛科和天牛科蛀木甲虫幼虫有特殊的体外寄生行为。本文描述了黎巴嫩北部Beqaa Kafra早白垩世（巴雷米亚）含琥珀露头的Pachycephalopenesia eximia n. gen. n. sp。这个新属的特点是在复眼之间的双翅上有一个突出的突起，从触角窝延伸到眼眼，这在这个科中是独一无二的。这一发现证明了头蝗科的形态差异比以前认为的要大。包括一份更新的化石脊椎动物物种清单和黎巴嫩琥珀物种的钥匙。
{"title":"A thick-headed scolebythid wasp (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber","authors":"Sergio Álvarez-Parra , Sibelle Maksoud","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scolebythidae are a family within the Chrysidoidea characterized by their peculiar structure of the mesosoma, with the propleura exposed dorsally and the protrochanters inserted laterally on the procoxae. The family is represented by only nine extant species, which are found in tropical and subtropical forests around the world. Some of these species show evidence of an idiobiont ectoparasitoidism behavior on wood-boring beetle larvae of the families Cerambycidae and Ptinidae. Here, we describe <em>Pachycephalopenesia eximia</em> n. gen. n. sp. from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) amber-bearing outcrop of Beqaa Kafra, in North Lebanon. This new genus is characterized by the presence of a striking protuberance on the frons between the compound eyes and extending from the antennal sockets to the ocelli, which is unique in the family so far. This finding proves that the morphological disparity in Scolebythidae is higher than previously thought. An updated checklist of the fossil scolebythid species and a key to the species from the Lebanese amber are included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200991
Artai A. Santos , Stephen Mcloughlin , André Nel
A new roachoid species, Necymylacris sinica n. sp., is described from the lower Permian (Asselian, Cisuralian) Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin, North China, based on a partially preserved forewing. This discovery represents the second record of the family Necymylacridae in China and the first from the Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin. The holotype was found co-preserved with a low-diversity assemblage of 14 plant taxa (among 263 fossil-plant specimens), dominated by cordaitalean leaves (Cordaites principalis and Cordaites sp.) and pteridophytes (morphogenera Pecopteris spp.), with lesser proportions of sphenophytes, lycophytes, and seed ferns. The fossil flora and regional geological data suggest a warm, humid, low-diversity forest ecosystem in non-seasonal climates of palaeotropical Cathaysia. Evidence of plant-insect interactions, such as margin feeding, hole feeding, piercing and sucking, galling, oviposition, and seed predation, reveals that a diverse array of herbivorous insects with varying feeding strategies inhabited the Permian palaeoforest of the Qinshui Basin. These findings provide new information about the ecological complexity of early Permian palaeotropical forests during the peak of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and new insights into the palaeoecology and biodiversity of Cathaysia during this period. The study underscores the importance of historical collections, such as those at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, in advancing our understanding of ancient ecosystems. Taxonomically, Stephanotermopsis rodendorfiLaurentiaux, 1966 is transferred into the family Necymylacridae.
{"title":"A new representative of the roachoid family Necymylacridae (stem group Dictyoptera) and associated vegetation with insect interactions from the Shanxi Formation (lower Permian), China","authors":"Artai A. Santos , Stephen Mcloughlin , André Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new roachoid species, <em>Necymylacris sinica</em> n. sp., is described from the lower Permian (Asselian, Cisuralian) Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin, North China, based on a partially preserved forewing. This discovery represents the second record of the family Necymylacridae in China and the first from the Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin. The holotype was found co-preserved with a low-diversity assemblage of 14 plant taxa (among 263 fossil-plant specimens), dominated by cordaitalean leaves (<em>Cordaites principalis</em> and <em>Cordaites</em> sp.) and pteridophytes (morphogenera <em>Pecopteris</em> spp.), with lesser proportions of sphenophytes, lycophytes, and seed ferns. The fossil flora and regional geological data suggest a warm, humid, low-diversity forest ecosystem in non-seasonal climates of palaeotropical Cathaysia. Evidence of plant-insect interactions, such as margin feeding, hole feeding, piercing and sucking, galling, oviposition, and seed predation, reveals that a diverse array of herbivorous insects with varying feeding strategies inhabited the Permian palaeoforest of the Qinshui Basin. These findings provide new information about the ecological complexity of early Permian palaeotropical forests during the peak of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and new insights into the palaeoecology and biodiversity of Cathaysia during this period. The study underscores the importance of historical collections, such as those at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, in advancing our understanding of ancient ecosystems. Taxonomically, <em>Stephanotermopsis rodendorfi</em> <span><span>Laurentiaux, 1966</span></span> is transferred into the family Necymylacridae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989
Glenn A. Brock , Zhi-Liang Zhang , Patrick M. Smith
The Ninmaroo Formation is a thick succession of richly fossiliferous carbonates that straddles the Cambrian (Furongian, Stage 10)–Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian, Tr1) boundary in the vicinity of Black Mountain (Mount Unbunmaroo) in western Queensland. Abundant, relatively coarsely silicified specimens of a plectorthoid brachiopod recovered from the lower Corrie Member of the Ninmaroo Formation type section are taxonomically described as a new species, Apheoorthis talenti n. sp. The stratigraphic level hosting the brachiopods occurs above the first occurrence, but within the biostratigraphic range, of the important age-diagnostic conodont species Cordylodus lindstromi which represents the upper Furongian Series (Stage 10) globally. In the Australian context, the new brachiopod occurs in the basal Warendan regional stage. Brachiopods are rare in Furongian rocks from Australia, making A. talenti n. sp. one of very few Cambrian Stage 10 rhynchonelliform brachiopods described from Australia.
Ninmaroo组是位于昆士兰州西部Black Mountain （Mount Unbunmaroo）附近的寒武纪（Furongian，第10阶段）-下奥陶统（Tremadocian, Tr1）边界上的一层厚层富含化石的碳酸盐岩。在Ninmaroo组下Corrie段发现了大量硅化程度相对较粗的钩形腕足动物标本，并将其分类为一个新种Apheoorthis talenti n. sp。该腕足动物所在的地层水平高于代表全球上弗洛隆统（第10期）的重要牙形刺物种Cordylodus lindstromi的第一次出现，但在生物地层范围内。在澳大利亚的背景下，新的腕足动物发生在瓦伦丹地区的基础阶段。腕足类动物在澳大利亚富龙纪岩石中极为罕见，使A. talenti n. sp成为澳大利亚为数不多的寒武世10期纹粒状腕足类动物之一。
{"title":"A new silicified plectorthoid brachiopod from the upper Furongian (Stage 10) Ninmaroo Formation at Black Mountain, western Queensland, Australia","authors":"Glenn A. Brock , Zhi-Liang Zhang , Patrick M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ninmaroo Formation is a thick succession of richly fossiliferous carbonates that straddles the Cambrian (Furongian, Stage 10)–Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian, Tr1) boundary in the vicinity of Black Mountain (Mount Unbunmaroo) in western Queensland. Abundant, relatively coarsely silicified specimens of a plectorthoid brachiopod recovered from the lower Corrie Member of the Ninmaroo Formation type section are taxonomically described as a new species, <em>Apheoorthis talenti</em> n. sp. The stratigraphic level hosting the brachiopods occurs above the first occurrence, but within the biostratigraphic range, of the important age-diagnostic conodont species <em>Cordylodus lindstromi</em> which represents the upper Furongian Series (Stage 10) globally. In the Australian context, the new brachiopod occurs in the basal Warendan regional stage. Brachiopods are rare in Furongian rocks from Australia, making <em>A</em>. <em>talenti</em> n. sp. one of very few Cambrian Stage 10 rhynchonelliform brachiopods described from Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200987
Jorge Villegas-Martín , Leslie M.E. Manríquez , Bruna C. Schneider , Gerson Fauth , Rodrigo do Monte Guerra , Rodrigo S. Horodyski , Karlos G.D. Kochhann
A large Apectoichnus longissimus boring is described from a log fragment preserved in deposits of the lower Eocene La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The boring is interpreted to have been made by marine bivalves, probably teredinids. The relationship that exists between wood boring size and bivalve body size suggests that this animal achieved a body diameter exceeding that of the majority of known wood-boring teredinids. We attribute these borings to the possible activity of the giant teredinid Kuphus, which reaches the greatest length of any extant bivalves and produces borings with similar morphology to A. longissimus, as demonstrated by the extant Kuphus polythalamius. Thus, this record in the La Meseta deposits may provide a crucial early behavioral record of possible wood colonization by some enigmatic and rare species of this giant teredinid bivalve genus, at least, during the Eocene, and extending their geographic range to the Antarctic Peninsula.
{"title":"An uncommon large Eocene wood boring from the Antarctic Peninsula: Evidence of a giant teredinid bivalve?","authors":"Jorge Villegas-Martín , Leslie M.E. Manríquez , Bruna C. Schneider , Gerson Fauth , Rodrigo do Monte Guerra , Rodrigo S. Horodyski , Karlos G.D. Kochhann","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large <em>Apectoichnus longissimus</em> boring is described from a log fragment preserved in deposits of the lower Eocene La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The boring is interpreted to have been made by marine bivalves, probably teredinids. The relationship that exists between wood boring size and bivalve body size suggests that this animal achieved a body diameter exceeding that of the majority of known wood-boring teredinids. We attribute these borings to the possible activity of the giant teredinid <em>Kuphus</em>, which reaches the greatest length of any extant bivalves and produces borings with similar morphology to <em>A</em>. <em>longissimus</em>, as demonstrated by the extant <em>Kuphus polythalamius</em>. Thus, this record in the La Meseta deposits may provide a crucial early behavioral record of possible wood colonization by some enigmatic and rare species of this giant teredinid bivalve genus, at least, during the Eocene, and extending their geographic range to the Antarctic Peninsula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988
Jian-Ye Chen , Jun Liu
In the Triassic of North China and Xinjiang, fossils of temnospondyls are common but fragmentary; no specimens have been confidently assigned to the genus level. Recently, a well-preserved temnospondyl skull with mandible was collected from the Heshanggou Formation of Jungar Banner, Nei Mongol, and a new taxon, Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis n. gen. n. sp. is established based on this specimen. The new taxon is diagnosed by bilobed anterior palatal vacuity with smoothly convex posterior margin, V-shaped transvomerine tooth rows, a shallow notch on the lateral margin of the subtemporal window, cultriform process extension approaching only anterior margin of interpterygoid vacuities, crista muscularis of the parasphenoid confluent in mid-line and anteromedial-posterolaterally positioned. It shows some features of Benthosuchidae but is placed as a basal member of Capitosauria based on phylogenetic analysis and character comparisons.
在华北和新疆三叠纪，颞脊椎骨化石普遍存在，但碎片化；没有标本被确定地归入属级。最近，在内蒙古准噶尔旗河上沟组发现了一具保存完好的带下颌骨的temnospondyl头骨，并在此基础上建立了一个新的分类群Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis n. gen. n. sp。该新分类群的诊断是：双叶状腭前空，后缘光滑凸，v型横切牙列，颞下窗外侧缘有浅切口，培养状突延伸仅接近蝶间空的前缘，副蝶状突融合的嵴肌层位于中线，前内侧-后外侧定位。根据系统发育分析和性状比较，它显示了底纲动物的一些特征，但被认为是头纲动物的基础成员。
{"title":"A basal member of Capitosauria from the Lower Triassic Heshanggou Formation, China","authors":"Jian-Ye Chen , Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Triassic of North China and Xinjiang, fossils of temnospondyls are common but fragmentary; no specimens have been confidently assigned to the genus level. Recently, a well-preserved temnospondyl skull with mandible was collected from the Heshanggou Formation of Jungar Banner, Nei Mongol, and a new taxon, <em>Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis</em> n. gen. n. sp. is established based on this specimen. The new taxon is diagnosed by bilobed anterior palatal vacuity with smoothly convex posterior margin, V-shaped transvomerine tooth rows, a shallow notch on the lateral margin of the subtemporal window, cultriform process extension approaching only anterior margin of interpterygoid vacuities, crista muscularis of the parasphenoid confluent in mid-line and anteromedial-posterolaterally positioned. It shows some features of Benthosuchidae but is placed as a basal member of Capitosauria based on phylogenetic analysis and character comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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