The palynological analysis of the intertrappean beds in the southeastern part of the Deccan volcanic flows reveals the presence of diverse assemblages, including key Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) marker palynomorphs such as Azolla cretacea, Gabonisporis vigourouxii, Aquilapollenites bengalensis, Jiangsupollis striatus, Triporotetradites deccanensis, and Scollardia conferta. To further constrain the age of the intertrappean beds, magnetic polarity analysis of the associated lava flows was conducted, revealing a Normal polarity, which indicates that the intertrappean beds and flows are of Maastrichtian Chron 30N age.
Our study contradicts the assumption that only younger flows (Chron 29R) are exposed in this region. Additionally, the palynofloral data suggest that the onset of Deccan volcanism was favourable rather than hostile for the proliferation of angiosperm-dominated ecosystems.
{"title":"Impact of the onset of Late Cretaceous Deccan volcanism on flora and climate: Palynofloral and megafloral evidence","authors":"Bandana Samant , Dhananjay Mahendrakumar Mohabey , Satish Sangode , Dashrath Kisanji Kapgate , Abhilash Sen , Anup Dhobale , Surabhi Thaokar , Neha Thakre , Akash Karande","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The palynological analysis of the intertrappean beds in the southeastern part of the Deccan volcanic flows reveals the presence of diverse assemblages, including key Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) marker palynomorphs such as <em>Azolla cretacea</em>, <em>Gabonisporis vigourouxii</em>, <em>Aquilapollenites bengalensis</em>, <em>Jiangsupollis striatus</em>, <em>Triporotetradites deccanensis</em>, and <em>Scollardia conferta</em>. To further constrain the age of the intertrappean beds, magnetic polarity analysis of the associated lava flows was conducted, revealing a Normal polarity, which indicates that the intertrappean beds and flows are of Maastrichtian Chron 30N age.</div><div>Our study contradicts the assumption that only younger flows (Chron 29R) are exposed in this region. Additionally, the palynofloral data suggest that the onset of Deccan volcanism was favourable rather than hostile for the proliferation of angiosperm-dominated ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ13C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.
Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ13C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).
The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and Laeviella bentonensis, as well as the “Heterohelix” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.
{"title":"Stratigraphy of the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation in Mish Anticline, Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), with emphasis on the OAE2 interval","authors":"Reza Omidi , Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam , Behnaz Kalanat , Ali Behdad","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ<sup>13</sup>C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.</div><div>Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ<sup>13</sup>C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).</div><div>The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and <em>Laeviella bentonensis</em>, as well as the “<em>Heterohelix</em>” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201028
Jörg Maletz , Chuan-Shang Wang , Xiao-Feng Wang
The graptolite fauna of the Dapingian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Huanghuachang is relatively poorly preserved and difficult to correlate with the graptolite record of other regions. A few tie points have been identified, indicating that the base of the Dapingian lies above the base of the regional Azygograptus suecicus Biozone of South China. The base of this graptolite zone, however, represents the first appearance datum (FAD) of the genus Azygograptus instead of the species, as the species Azygograptus suecicus is considerably younger. The Azygograptus suecicus Biozone can be correlated indirectly with Scandinavia through the presence of isograptids associated with Azygograptus specimens in Sweden and Norway. The correlation of the upper Dapingian is uncertain, even though the top of the Dawan Formation with Levisograptus austrodentatus at the base of the Darriwilian indicates a correlation of the upper Dapingian with the Australasian upper Castlemainian and Yapeenian.
{"title":"Graptolite biostratigraphy of the Dapingian GSSP and its global correlation","authors":"Jörg Maletz , Chuan-Shang Wang , Xiao-Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The graptolite fauna of the Dapingian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Huanghuachang is relatively poorly preserved and difficult to correlate with the graptolite record of other regions. A few tie points have been identified, indicating that the base of the Dapingian lies above the base of the regional <em>Azygograptus suecicus</em> Biozone of South China. The base of this graptolite zone, however, represents the first appearance datum (FAD) of the genus <em>Azygograptus</em> instead of the species, as the species <em>Azygograptus suecicus</em> is considerably younger. The <em>Azygograptus suecicus</em> Biozone can be correlated indirectly with Scandinavia through the presence of isograptids associated with <em>Azygograptus</em> specimens in Sweden and Norway. The correlation of the upper Dapingian is uncertain, even though the top of the Dawan Formation with <em>Levisograptus austrodentatus</em> at the base of the Darriwilian indicates a correlation of the upper Dapingian with the Australasian upper Castlemainian and Yapeenian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027
Sandip Saha , Shiladri S. Das , Subhronil Mondal , Subhendu Bardhan
Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are Discohelix ravii n. sp., Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp., Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp., Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp., Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp., Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp., Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp., and Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., Hayamia sp., Procerithium sp. 1, and Procerithium sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera Buckmanina and Aptyxiella in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.
对印度西部Kutch盆地中晚侏罗世海相腹足类动物进行了系统研究，共发现62属138种。本文介绍了另外12种，其中8种是新发现的。新种为dishelix ravii n. sp、Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp、Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp、Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp、Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp、Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp、Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp、Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp。3个分类群（Hayamia sp.、Procerithium sp. 1、Procerithium sp. 2）保留开放命名。这也是该盆地侏罗系首次报道巴克曼纳属和阿普特希拉属。新认识的区系增加了我们对印度侏罗纪腹足类动物的认识，扩大了腹足类动物的多样性，有助于确定南半球侏罗纪的古生物地理分布。
{"title":"New record of some marine Jurassic gastropods from Kutch, India","authors":"Sandip Saha , Shiladri S. Das , Subhronil Mondal , Subhendu Bardhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are <em>Discohelix ravii</em> n. sp., <em>Metriomphalus</em> (<em>Metriomphalus</em>) <em>bhanu</em> n. sp., <em>Eucyclus jadsaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Buckmanina bhakriensis</em> n. sp., <em>Proconulus jhikadiensis</em> n. sp., <em>Ataphrus</em> (<em>Endianaulax</em>) <em>dhosaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Purpurina mahalanobisi</em> n. sp., and <em>Aptyxiella bajocensis</em> n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., <em>Hayamia</em> sp., <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 1, and <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera <em>Buckmanina</em> and <em>Aptyxiella</em> in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201026
Andrej Ernst , İzzet Hoşgör , Olev Vinn
The Halevikdere Formation of southern Türkiye yields an under-explored archive of Late Ordovician marine ecosystems. Our knowledge about Ordovician bryozoans in Türkiye is restricted due to the poor preservation of material. The first report of the Hirnantian high-latitude north Gondwanan bryozoans from southeastern Türkiye (Mardin-Derik area, Halevikdere Formation) is presented here. The Late Ordovician (Sandbian–Hirnantian) predominantly fine-grained succession of Derik is among the most remarkable Early Palaeozoic successions in southeastern Türkiye, but its precise geological age is poorly constrained. New bryozoan-rich sequence of glacio-marine related deposits contains indeterminate crinoids and brachiopods. Here we describe a new fauna of bryozoans from the ice-distal glaciomarine succession of the Halevikdere Formation, corresponding to the northern margin of the Arabian Plate. Three palaeostomate bryozoan species were identified: the esthonioporate Esthonioporata sp. indet., cryptostomes Graptodictya sp., and Ptilodictyina sp. indet. (aff. Proavella proava). In this study, a new trace fossil assemblage comprising several ichnotaxa is also documented from the upper part of the bryozoan-bearing sequence of the Hirnantian Halevikdere Formation. The identified bryozoans are related to the typical Ordovician taxa, but their presence in the assemblage, previously reported only from the Upper Ordovician of the Baltic region, is noticeable. These bryozoans and ichnofossils are typically associated with shallow marine environments, reflecting the conditions that prevailed during the time of their formation.
{"title":"First report of Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) palaeostomate bryozoans and associated biota of the northern Arabian Plate in southeastern Türkiye","authors":"Andrej Ernst , İzzet Hoşgör , Olev Vinn","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Halevikdere Formation of southern Türkiye yields an under-explored archive of Late Ordovician marine ecosystems. Our knowledge about Ordovician bryozoans in Türkiye is restricted due to the poor preservation of material. The first report of the Hirnantian high-latitude north Gondwanan bryozoans from southeastern Türkiye (Mardin-Derik area, Halevikdere Formation) is presented here. The Late Ordovician (Sandbian–Hirnantian) predominantly fine-grained succession of Derik is among the most remarkable Early Palaeozoic successions in southeastern Türkiye, but its precise geological age is poorly constrained. New bryozoan-rich sequence of glacio-marine related deposits contains indeterminate crinoids and brachiopods. Here we describe a new fauna of bryozoans from the ice-distal glaciomarine succession of the Halevikdere Formation, corresponding to the northern margin of the Arabian Plate. Three palaeostomate bryozoan species were identified: the esthonioporate Esthonioporata sp. indet., cryptostomes <em>Graptodictya</em> sp., and Ptilodictyina sp. indet. (aff. <em>Proavella proava</em>). In this study, a new trace fossil assemblage comprising several ichnotaxa is also documented from the upper part of the bryozoan-bearing sequence of the Hirnantian Halevikdere Formation. The identified bryozoans are related to the typical Ordovician taxa, but their presence in the assemblage, previously reported only from the Upper Ordovician of the Baltic region, is noticeable. These bryozoans and ichnofossils are typically associated with shallow marine environments, reflecting the conditions that prevailed during the time of their formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025
Hui Zhang , Yun-He Shi , Peng-Shuai Jiao , Bo Pan , Feng Liu , Ming-Li Wan , Jing-Kun Zhang , Hui-Ping Peng
The No. 8 Thick Coal in the Taiyuan Formation, correlated with the Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) stage, extends throughout the Ordos Basin and reaches up to 30 m in thickness according to basin-wide seismic profiles analysis. This thick coal bed was formed as long-residence histosols, primarily in ombrotrophic mires with minor development in rheotrophic mires. Analysis of miospore taxa percentages across the thick coal seams identified three consistent bulk characterizing species (bcs): Torispora spp., Laevigatosporites spp., and Florinites spp. These species occur in predictable sequences throughout all No. 8 Thick Coals at both the Palougou outcrop and the Huo10 Borehole. Detailed examination revealed three distinct palynomorph associations in the No. 8 Thick Coal from the Huo10 Borehole: Latosporites globosus Association at the base, Laevigatosporites spp. Association in the middle, and Florinites spp. Association near the top. These associations share similar taxa with the Striatosporites clatratus Biozone and Pachetisporites kaipingensis Biozone previously identified in Carboniferous–Permian transitional deposits at the Palougou Section. This similarity confirms that the No. 8 Thick Coal was deposited simultaneously across the northern Ordos Basin and maintains a consistent, widespread distribution. The widespread presence of trilete and monolete miospores throughout the No. 8 Thick Coal suggests that peat accumulation kept pace with basin subsidence during the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin. This balance created stable soil conditions that allowed tree ferns to form thick coal layers with consistent bcs. The bcs model in No. 8 Thick Coal differs from the previous Euramerican models in two key aspects: it exhibits prolonged dominance of trilete and monolete miospores and lacks both Lycospora and Densosporites spp. bcs at the coal base and roof. These differences reflect the distinct climate and vegetation of the Cathaysian Palaeofloristic Province during the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), where Psaronius dominated the peat-forming swamp with minor Cordaites presence along its margins.
{"title":"Palynological succession in Gzhelian No. 8 Thick Coal of the Taiyuan Formation, Ordos Basin, North China","authors":"Hui Zhang , Yun-He Shi , Peng-Shuai Jiao , Bo Pan , Feng Liu , Ming-Li Wan , Jing-Kun Zhang , Hui-Ping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The No. 8 Thick Coal in the Taiyuan Formation, correlated with the Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) stage, extends throughout the Ordos Basin and reaches up to 30 m in thickness according to basin-wide seismic profiles analysis. This thick coal bed was formed as long-residence histosols, primarily in ombrotrophic mires with minor development in rheotrophic mires. Analysis of miospore taxa percentages across the thick coal seams identified three consistent bulk characterizing species (bcs): <em>Torispora</em> spp., <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp., and <em>Florinites</em> spp. These species occur in predictable sequences throughout all No. 8 Thick Coals at both the Palougou outcrop and the Huo10 Borehole. Detailed examination revealed three distinct palynomorph associations in the No. 8 Thick Coal from the Huo10 Borehole: <em>Latosporites globosus</em> Association at the base, <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp. Association in the middle, and <em>Florinites</em> spp. Association near the top. These associations share similar taxa with the <em>Striatosporites clatratus</em> Biozone and <em>Pachetisporites kaipingensis</em> Biozone previously identified in Carboniferous–Permian transitional deposits at the Palougou Section. This similarity confirms that the No. 8 Thick Coal was deposited simultaneously across the northern Ordos Basin and maintains a consistent, widespread distribution. The widespread presence of trilete and monolete miospores throughout the No. 8 Thick Coal suggests that peat accumulation kept pace with basin subsidence during the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin. This balance created stable soil conditions that allowed tree ferns to form thick coal layers with consistent bcs. The bcs model in No. 8 Thick Coal differs from the previous Euramerican models in two key aspects: it exhibits prolonged dominance of trilete and monolete miospores and lacks both <em>Lycospora</em> and <em>Densosporites</em> spp. bcs at the coal base and roof. These differences reflect the distinct climate and vegetation of the Cathaysian Palaeofloristic Province during the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), where <em>Psaronius</em> dominated the peat-forming swamp with minor <em>Cordaites</em> presence along its margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017
Sumana Mahato , Robert A. Spicer , Sandip More , Ai Song , Mahasin Ali Khan
No single palaeoclimate proxy is perfect, so a multiproxy approach is always desirable for reconstructing past environments. Here, using the quantitative methods known as the Coexistence Approach, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), along with qualitative assessments based on the nearest living relative, leaf cuticle analysis, palynology, and herbivory reconstructions, we explore the palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene Darjeeling (Balason) Siwalik, eastern Himalaya. This multiproxy intercomparison provides an important cross-validation of qualitative and quantitative climate proxies in an Indian Cenozoic context. We find that all proxies give similar palaeoclimate outcomes and show that the Balason location experienced a tropical, warm, humid climate during the Middle Miocene Siwalik deposition.
{"title":"Multi-proxy climatic reconstruction of the Siwalik (Middle Miocene) Balason River area, Darjeeling, eastern Himalaya","authors":"Sumana Mahato , Robert A. Spicer , Sandip More , Ai Song , Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No single palaeoclimate proxy is perfect, so a multiproxy approach is always desirable for reconstructing past environments. Here, using the quantitative methods known as the Coexistence Approach, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), along with qualitative assessments based on the nearest living relative, leaf cuticle analysis, palynology, and herbivory reconstructions, we explore the palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene Darjeeling (Balason) Siwalik, eastern Himalaya. This multiproxy intercomparison provides an important cross-validation of qualitative and quantitative climate proxies in an Indian Cenozoic context. We find that all proxies give similar palaeoclimate outcomes and show that the Balason location experienced a tropical, warm, humid climate during the Middle Miocene Siwalik deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201016
Antonio Arillo, Mónica Gutiérrez
Neoliodidae is a family of oribatid mites including four extant genera with a worldwide distribution from temperate to tropical environments. It is considered the sister group of the rest of the Brachypilina. A new genus, Azarliodes n. gen., is proposed to include the species Neoliodes andreneli from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, as Azarliodes andreneli n. comb., based on a new specimen of the same species and the re-examination of the holotype. The new genus preserves both rostral and lamellar setae. Accordingly, the loss of a pair of prodorsal setae in Neoliodes and Poroliodes, considered to be the lamellar ones, might have been a misinterpretation and the lost pair of setae could correspond in fact to the rostral ones. Furthermore, the taxon Neoliodini n. parvorder is erected to include the superfamily Neoliodoidea, considering the rest of the Brachypylina as a monophyletic group.
新甲螨科是甲螨科的一个科，包括现存的四个属，分布在温带至热带环境。它被认为是Brachypilina其余部分的姐妹组。提出了一个新属，Azarliodes n. gen.，包括来自早白垩世黎巴嫩琥珀的Neoliodes andreneli，作为Azarliodes andreneli n. comb。，根据同一物种的新标本和重新检查的全型。新属保留吻侧和片层刚毛。因此，在新科和孔科中被认为是片层的一对前卧刚毛的丢失可能是一种误解，而丢失的一对刚毛实际上可能对应于吻侧刚毛。此外，还建立了一个分类单元Neoliodini n. parvorder，包括了超科neoliodo总科，将其余的Brachypylina视为一个单系类群。
{"title":"A new genus of Neoliodidae (Acariformes: Oribatida) from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and Azarliodes andreneli n. comb.","authors":"Antonio Arillo, Mónica Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neoliodidae is a family of oribatid mites including four extant genera with a worldwide distribution from temperate to tropical environments. It is considered the sister group of the rest of the Brachypilina. A new genus, <em>Azarliodes</em> n. gen., is proposed to include the species <em>Neoliodes andreneli</em> from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, as <em>Azarliodes andreneli</em> n. comb., based on a new specimen of the same species and the re-examination of the holotype. The new genus preserves both rostral and lamellar setae. Accordingly, the loss of a pair of prodorsal setae in <em>Neoliodes</em> and <em>Poroliodes</em>, considered to be the lamellar ones, might have been a misinterpretation and the lost pair of setae could correspond in fact to the rostral ones. Furthermore, the taxon Neoliodini n. parvorder is erected to include the superfamily Neoliodoidea, considering the rest of the Brachypylina as a monophyletic group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015
Sibelle Maksoud , Haig Tabakian
Lebanon has played a pivotal role in the advancement of palaeoentomology and the broader understanding of insect evolution and palaeobiodiversity. This contribution is evidenced by its 39 Cretaceous fossiliferous outcrops, encompassing 32 Early Cretaceous amber localities and several lithological sites (including marl, limestone, and dysodile) bearing fossil insects, in addition to a Jurassic amber occurrence. Despite its relatively small geographic extent, Lebanon constitutes a major palaeohotspot for Mesozoic entomofauna. Its distinctive geological evolution and palaeogeographic setting during the Mesozoic Era have rendered it a region of exceptional continental palaeontological significance. In this study, we provide a revised simplified geological section of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous amber-bearing deposits containing biological inclusions, along with a comprehensive catalogue of all fossil insects and associated biological inclusions described to date from Lebanese amber.
{"title":"Lebanese amber: A time capsule from the dawn of modern ecosystems","authors":"Sibelle Maksoud , Haig Tabakian","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lebanon has played a pivotal role in the advancement of palaeoentomology and the broader understanding of insect evolution and palaeobiodiversity. This contribution is evidenced by its 39 Cretaceous fossiliferous outcrops, encompassing 32 Early Cretaceous amber localities and several lithological sites (including marl, limestone, and dysodile) bearing fossil insects, in addition to a Jurassic amber occurrence. Despite its relatively small geographic extent, Lebanon constitutes a major palaeohotspot for Mesozoic entomofauna. Its distinctive geological evolution and palaeogeographic setting during the Mesozoic Era have rendered it a region of exceptional continental palaeontological significance. In this study, we provide a revised simplified geological section of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous amber-bearing deposits containing biological inclusions, along with a comprehensive catalogue of all fossil insects and associated biological inclusions described to date from Lebanese amber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014
Haig Tabakian
Psychodid flies had a great diversity in Early Cretaceous and were remarkably preserved in the lower Barremian amber of Lebanon. The first two species from Lebanese amber were described by Hennig in 1972, and 20 more species have been added later to the family during the past two decades. In this paper, a review of all the described Psychodidae from the Lebanese amber and an identification key for determination are proposed.
{"title":"Psychodid flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber","authors":"Haig Tabakian","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychodid flies had a great diversity in Early Cretaceous and were remarkably preserved in the lower Barremian amber of Lebanon. The first two species from Lebanese amber were described by Hennig in 1972, and 20 more species have been added later to the family during the past two decades. In this paper, a review of all the described Psychodidae from the Lebanese amber and an identification key for determination are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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