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Craniomandibular osteology and the first record of the ocular skeleton in a South American rhynchosaur (Archosauromorpha, Hyperodapedontinae) 颅颌面骨学和南美洲犀龙（古龙科，Hyperodapedontinae）眼部骨骼的首次记录

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.07.002

Jeung Hee Schiefelbein, Mauricio Silva Garcia, Sérgio Furtado Cabreira, Lúcio Roberto da Silva, Rodrigo Temp Müller

A new rhynchosaur specimen from the Upper Triassic (Candelária Sequence) of Southern Brazil is presented in this contribution. While these reptiles constitute some of the most sampled fossils from these beds, their taxonomic, phylogenetic, and palaeobiological status remain understudied. Delving into the cranial elements of the new specimen we performed a taxonomic and phylogenetic assessment, assigning it to “” , a form that occurs in Brazil and Argentina. This assignment was based on distinctive craniomandibular features such as the absence of lingual teeth in the dentary, a unique feature among hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis supports this scenario. Our approach emphasizes the broader need for comprehensive anatomical descriptions of South American rhynchosaurs, particularly in Brazil, where some crucial taxa remain undescribed and/or unfigured. This study also reinforces the need for a revision of the clade Hyperodapedontinae and the genus. The orbital region of the new specimen reveals delicate scleral ossicles, presenting a unique window into the visual adaptations and habits of these reptiles. This is the first record of the ocular skeleton for a rhynchosaur of South America. Beyond the taxonomic and phylogenetic implications, this study elucidates the role of the ocular skeleton in regards to sensory adaptations in hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs.

本文介绍了巴西南部上三叠世（坎德拉里亚序列）的一个新的雷龙标本。虽然这些爬行动物是这些床层中取样最多的化石，但它们的分类、系统发育和古生物学地位仍未得到充分研究。我们对新标本的颅骨进行了分类和系统发育评估，将其归属于""，一种出现在巴西和阿根廷的形态。这一归属是基于其独特的颅颌面特征，如牙槽骨中没有舌齿，这是超畸形犀龙的一个独特特征。此外，我们的系统发育分析也支持这一假设。我们的研究方法强调了对南美洲犀龙进行全面解剖学描述的广泛需求，尤其是在巴西，因为那里的一些重要类群仍未被描述和/或未被标绘。这项研究还加强了对金丝龙科（Hyperodapedontinae）和金丝龙属进行修订的必要性。新标本的眼眶区域发现了精致的巩膜骨片，为了解这些爬行动物的视觉适应和习性提供了一个独特的窗口。这是南美洲犀龙眼部骨骼的首次记录。除了在分类学和系统发育方面的意义之外，这项研究还阐明了眼骨架在超角龙的感官适应方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Climate and vegetation changes in southern Primorye (Russian Far East) since the Last Glacial Maximum: A quantitative analysis 末次冰川极盛时期以来滨海南部（俄罗斯远东地区）的气候和植被变化：定量分析

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.009

Tatiana A. Evstigneeva, Olesia V. Bondarenko, Torsten Utescher

The climate and vegetation for southern Primorye during the last 21 kyr are studied for the first time in detail using quantitative techniques on high-temporal resolution pollen record. The data obtained showed a clear relationship with global climate events: Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich 1, Bølling/Allerød, Younger Dryas and the warmest climate event around ca. 8.0 ka. A moderate monsoon-type climate persisted in Primorye during the last 21 kyr. The mean annual temperature did not fall below 0°C. The magnitude of the glacial–interglacial mean temperature difference in southern Primorye was ca. 7°C. Cold and cool temperate climate existed between ca. 21.0 and 11.6 ka and after 4.3 ka respectively. Climate variables of the Last Glacial Maximum were slightly below present-day values, and drier conditions prevailed compared to the late Holocene. Moderately cool conditions with excessive moisture existed during the cold events of the late Pleistocene, i.e., Younger Dryas and Heinrich 1, and in the late Holocene. Humidification did not occur due to heavy rainfall, but due to less evaporation because of low average annual temperatures during these cold events. During the last 21 kyr, there existed dry and wet seasons in Primorye, as at present, associated with monsoon circulation. The summer monsoon was more intense at ca. 16.6 ka, 14.4 ka, 11.6 ka and from ca. 11.0 to 4.3 ka.

利用高时间分辨率花粉记录的定量技术，首次详细研究了滨海南部过去 21 千年的气候和植被。获得的数据显示了与全球气候事件的明显关系：这些气候事件包括：末次冰川极盛期、海因里希 1 号、伯林/阿勒罗德、少干旱期以及约 8.0 ka 前后的最暖气候事件。在过去的 21 千年里，滨海地区一直是温和的季风型气候。年平均气温不低于 0°C。滨海南部冰川期与间冰期的平均温差约为 7°C。寒带和温带气候分别存在于约 21.0 至 11.6 ka 期间和 4.3 ka 之后。末次冰川极盛时期的气候变量略低于现今的数值，与全新世晚期相比，当时的气候条件较为干燥。在更新世晚期的寒冷事件（即杨格干旱期和海因里希 1 期）以及全新世晚期，气候温和凉爽，湿度过大。加湿现象的出现并不是因为降雨量大，而是因为这些寒冷事件期间年平均气温较低，导致蒸发量减少。在过去的 21 千年里，滨海地区与现在一样，存在着与季风环流相关的旱季和雨季。夏季季风在大约 16.6 ka、14.4 ka 和 16.6 ka 时更为强烈。在大约 16.6 ka、14.4 ka、11.6 ka 以及大约 11.0 ka 至 4.3 ka 期间，夏季季风更为猛烈。

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引用次数: 0

Stranger in the nest: On the biostratigraphic relevance of a new record of a traversodontid cynodont in southern Brazil (Candelária Sequence, Upper Triassic) 巢中的陌生人：关于巴西南部（坎德拉利亚序列，上三叠世）新记录的犬齿反齿龙的生物地层学意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.008

Lívia Roese-Miron, Pedro Henrique Dotto, Thais Gotuzzo de Menezes Medina, Átila Augusto Stock Da-Rosa, Rodrigo Temp Müller, Leonardo Kerber

The Várzea do Agudo is an Upper Triassic site of the Candelária Sequence of Southern Brazil that boasts an extensive fossil record. It is assigned to the subzone of the AZ (mid-late Carnian) mainly due to the prevalent presence of the traversodontid — up to now the sole traversodontid discovered at the site. In this study, we report the first record of the traversodontid in the Várzea do Agudo site. The new specimen was excavated from the upper layers of the outcrop. Its identification as . is substantiated by diagnostic features such as a poorly developed interorbital depression, an inconspicuous suborbital process of the jugal, a not deeply concave base of the lambdoidal crest, the distal accessory labial cusp of the upper postcanines more labially oriented than . , and two upper incisors — so far, a trait autapomorphic to the species among traversodontids. The age of the type locality of . has been a subject of debate. Whereas the -bearing sites had been associated with younger levels than those of the AZ, the absence of index fossils hampered proper biostratigraphic approaches. The finding of a . specimen in the same site as . poses a challenging scenario for the biostratigraphy of the fossiliferous outcrops of the municipality of Agudo. It is noteworthy, however, that the new specimen was excavated above the layers yielding . . This raises the question of whether the fossiliferous stratum of the Várzea do Agudo site was deposited in a single event or in a short period, or if it reflects two different time horizons. In the case of the latter, the existence of early Norian sites with distinct faunal composition near the -bearing sites could imply the existence of an intermediate fauna between this AZ and the subzone of the AZ, of which . would be a constituent. Considering this context, this study discusses the possible biostratigraphic implications of the new record for the biostratigraphy of the sites of the Candelária Sequence.

Várzea do Agudo 是巴西南部坎德拉里亚序列的一个上三叠世遗址，拥有丰富的化石记录。它之所以被归入AZ亚区（卡年中晚期），主要是因为该地点迄今为止发现的唯一一种倒齿龙。在本研究中，我们报告了在 Várzea do Agudo 遗址首次发现的倒齿龙。新标本出土于露头的上层。眶间凹陷发育不良、颌下突不明显、羊齿嵴基部凹陷不深、上后齿的远端附属唇尖比......更偏向唇侧以及两颗上门齿等诊断特征证实了它是......，到目前为止，这是该物种在倒齿龙类中的一个同形特征。......模式产地的年代一直是一个争论的话题。虽然......的产地与比AZ......的产地更年轻的地层有关，但由于缺乏指数化石，因此无法采用适当的生物地层学方法。在.与.的同一地点发现.标本，对阿古多市出露化石的生物地层学提出了挑战。不过，值得注意的是，新标本是在出土......的地层之上挖掘出来的。这就提出了一个问题，即 Várzea do Agudo 遗址的化石地层是在一个事件中或一个短时期内沉积的，还是反映了两个不同的时间层。如果是后者，那么在含化石的遗址附近存在着具有独特动物组成的早纪遗址，这可能意味着在这一AZ和AZ亚区之间存在着一个中间动物群，而......将是其中的一个组成部分。考虑到这一背景，本研究讨论了新记录对坎德拉利亚序列遗址生物地层学可能产生的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Upper Ordovician conodonts from the Taoqupo section in the southwestern margin of the North China Craton 华北克拉通西南缘陶渠坡剖面上奥陶统锥齿动物

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.004

Shi-Xiao Li, Xiu-Chun Jing, Hong-Rui Zhou, Xun-Lian Wang, Yang Shen, Qiang Fang, Zhen-Tao Wang

A diverse but relatively low yielding conodont fauna has been recovered from the Yaoxian and the Taoqupo formations at the Taoqupo section, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, North China. This conodont fauna comprises 20 species belonging to 12 genera, exhibiting a mixture of North China and North American Midcontinent provincial affinities, and with several pandemic species associated. Five stratigraphically important species are documented in detail. Among them, is revised as having a septimembrate apparatus. Five successive conodont biozones of late Sandbian to middle Katian age are recognized, namely the Biozone, the Biozone, the Biozone, the Biozone, and the Biozone, in ascending order. Some age-diagnostic and widely distributed conodonts present within the Taoqupo conodont fauna greatly facilitate a precise local, regional and international correlation of the present biozonation with coeval representative successions in North China, Northwestern China, South China, and the North American Midcontinent. Biostratigraphic correlations enable ages at the stage slice-level of the middle Sa2, the middle Sa2 to early Ka1, the middle Ka1, the late Ka1 to earliest Ka2, and the middle Ka2 to be assigned to the aforementioned five conodont biozones respectively.

在华北陕西省铜川市桃曲坡地段的耀县地层和桃曲坡地层中发现了一个种类繁多但产量相对较低的锥齿动物群。该锥齿动物群包括隶属于 12 个属的 20 个物种，表现出华北和北美中大陆的混合亲缘关系，并伴有几个大流行物种。详细记录了五个具有重要地层意义的物种。其中，被修订为具有隔膜装置。在晚砂盆纪至中卡蒂纪，确认了五个连续的锥齿类生物区，即生物区、生物区、生物区、生物区和生物区，依次为生物区、生物区、生物区、生物区和生物区。陶曲坡锥齿动物群中一些具有年代诊断价值且分布广泛的锥齿动物，极大地促进了本生物带与华北、西北、华南和北美中大陆同时期代表性演替在地方、区域和国际上的精确关联。通过生物地层学的相关性，可以将Sa2期中期、Sa2期中期至Ka1期早期、Ka1期中期、Ka1期晚期至Ka2期早期和Ka2期中期的切片层位年龄分别归入上述五个锥齿动物生物带。

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引用次数: 0

“Out-of-India” dispersal of the extinct fabaceous genus Podocarpium Braun ex Stizenberger 已灭绝的荚果属植物 Podocarpium Braun ex Stizenberger 的 "印度境外 "扩散

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.006

Ashif Ali, Robert A. Spicer, Raman Patel, Rajendra Singh Rana, Mahasin Ali Khan

is a well-known extinct single-seeded legume genus having extensive Cenozoic fossil occurrences from East Asia to central Europe. To date, there have been no fossil records of this genus from South Asia, including India. Here, we report and describe for the first time a well-preserved fossil pod from the early Eocene of Rajasthan, western India, assigned to extinct based on detailed morphology. It is characterized by an asymmetrical, oblique valve with a single oblong seed, a distinctly curved stipe, a wingless margin, a prominent vascular strand along the dorsal suture that anastomoses into the apex, a weakly curved ventral suture, fine reticulate veins, a short acuminate apex, and a narrowly acute base. This discovery is the oldest fossil evidence of recorded to date worldwide. Together with previous fossil records, we suggest an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis to explain the biogeography of this extinct legume genus. It might have originated under warm and humid tropical climate conditions in the early Eocene of India (South Asia), then migrated to China (East Asia), and subsequently spread north and westward to Europe.

是已灭绝的著名单籽豆科植物属，在新生代化石中广泛分布于东亚到中欧地区。迄今为止，包括印度在内的南亚地区还没有该属的化石记录。在这里，我们首次报告并描述了来自印度西部拉贾斯坦邦早始新世的一个保存完好的豆荚化石。它的特点是：不对称的斜瓣、单粒长圆形种子、明显弯曲的柄、无翅的边缘、沿背缝突出的维管束（吻合到先端）、弱弯曲的腹缝、细网状脉、短渐尖的先端和狭锐的基部。这一发现是迄今为止世界上有记录的最古老的化石证据。结合之前的化石记录，我们提出了 "印度境外 "扩散假说，以解释这一已灭绝豆科植物属的生物地理学。它可能起源于印度（南亚）始新世早期温暖潮湿的热带气候条件下，然后迁移到中国（东亚），随后向北和向西传播到欧洲。

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引用次数: 0

Conodonts suggest a late Spathian (late Early Triassic) age for Thaisaurus chonglakmanii (Reptilia: Ichthyosauromorpha) from Thailand 甲龙表明泰国的Thaisaurus chonglakmanii（爬行纲：鱼龙目）的时代为晚斯帕提世（早三叠世晚期

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.07.004

Si-Yao Ye, Kui Wu, Zuoyu Sun, P. Martin Sander, A. Samathi, Yuan-Yuan Sun, Cheng Ji, V. Suteethorn, Jun Liu

引用次数: 0

Lutetian–Bartonian (Middle Eocene) micropalaeontology, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Mengen Coal Basin, Northwest Türkiye (Turkey) 土耳其西北部 Mengen 煤盆地的吕特-巴顿（中始新世）微古生物学、生物地层学和古生态学

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.07.003

Sariye Duygu Durak, Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz, N. ÖZGEN-ERDEM, A. Nazik, F. Yaǧmurlu, Derya Sinanoğlu

引用次数: 0

Early Eocene marine microgastropods from the Zhupure Formation in Yadong, Southern Tibet, China 藏南亚东朱纯组早始新世海相小腹足类动物

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2022.12.011

Xin-Fa Li , Guo-Biao Li , Christopher L. Garvie

Numerous microgastropods are reported for from the Eocene (Ypresian) Zhepure Formation in Tüna, Yadong, Southern Tibet for the first time. Although most of the shells are incompletely preserved, the following eight species of benthic microgastropods are described and illustrated: Eulimella sp., Odostomia aff. pakistanica, Monotygma aff. marcusseni, Syrnola sp., Pyramidellidae (Syrnola?) sp., Pyramidellidae indet. sp., Mathilda (Echinimathilda) cf. duogenta and the new species Turbonilla yadongensis n. sp. As little is known about Paleogene microgastropod fauna in Tibet, the occurrence here could give further information on Cenozoic biostratigraphy of Southern Tibet, the paleoenvironment and late evolutionary history of eastern Tethyan realm. Based on this study of the little-known Eocene microgastropod assemblage, we demonstrate that a shallow marine environment existed during early Eocene in the Southern Tibet.

本报告首次报道了西藏南部亚东吐纳始新世（玉普新世）哲普尔地层中的大量微腹足类动物。虽然大部分贝壳保存不完整，但对以下 8 种底栖微小腹足类进行了描述和图示：Eulimella sp.、Odostomia aff.pakistanica、Monotygma aff.marcusseni、Syrnola sp.、Pyramidellidae (Syrnola?) sp.、Pyramidellidae indet、由于对西藏古近纪小腹足类动物知之甚少，本研究的发现可为西藏南部新生代生物地层学、古环境和东哲界晚期演化史提供进一步的信息。基于对鲜为人知的始新世小腹足类群的研究，我们证明了早始新世西藏南部存在浅海环境。

引用次数: 0

First record of the latest Devonian ostracods from Xainza region, Tibet, China: implications on palaeoenvironment and palaeobiogeography 西藏仙札地区泥盆世介形类首次记录:古环境和古生物地理意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2022.01.002

Jun-Jun Song , Wen Guo , Yu-Cong Sun , Juan Ma , Jia-Yuan Huang , Yi-Chun Zhang , Wen-Kun Qie

Ostracods of the Devonian–Carboniferous transitional interval in the Lhasa Block are described for the first time at the stratotype section of the Chaguoluoma Formation, Xainza, Tibet. Fifty-three ostracod species of 19 genera are identified and figured including a new species Bairdiacypris xainzaensis n. sp. The ostracod fauna in the Chaguoluoma section may represent an age close to the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. The benthic ostracods from the Chaguoluoma section belong to the Podocopid association (i.e., Eifelian Mega-Assemblage), which implies an offshore environment. Additionally, ostracods from the Chaguoluoma Formation show a high similarity to the Devonian taxa from South China, suggesting a close biogeographic affinity between the Lhasa Block and South China Plate. They are also compared to the ostracod faunas from Laurentia–Baltica, Gondwana, and Kazakhstan plates, which implies that ostracods could probably benefit from oceanic circulations and sea-level changes to experience faunal exchanges between peri-Gondwana and Laurentia–Baltica during the latest Devonian.

首次描述了拉萨地块泥盆纪-石炭纪过渡带地层中的梭形纲动物。研究鉴定并绘制了19属53种介孔动物的图谱，其中包括一个新种Bairdiacypris xainzaensis n. sp.。Chaguoluoma 断面的底栖桡足类属于 Podocopid 群（即 Eifelian Mega-Assemblage），这意味着这里是一个近海环境。此外，恰果洛玛地层中的梭口类动物与华南泥盆纪类群具有很高的相似性，这表明拉萨地块与华南板块之间具有密切的生物地理亲缘关系。它们还与来自劳伦提亚-波罗的海板块、冈瓦纳板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的浮游动物群进行了比较，这意味着浮游动物可能得益于大洋环流和海平面的变化，经历了近冈瓦纳板块和劳伦提亚-波罗的海板块在晚泥盆世的动物交流。

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引用次数: 0

Zonation and biofacies of the Early Mississippian conodonts from Baoshan, Yunnan, Southwest China 中国西南云南保山早密西西比统锥齿动物的区系和生物构成

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.010

Wen-Qi Wang, Xiang-Dong Wang, Ke-Yi Hu

Early Mississippian Yudong and Shihuadong formations are well exposed in the Yudong I and Yudong II sections, Shidian, Baoshan, western Yunnan, Southwest China. Abundant and diverse conodonts are recovered from the two formations. A total of 29 species/subspecies belonging to 10 genera are identified. The Siphonodella and Scaliognathus anchoralis-Gnathodus pseudosemiglaber zones are recognized. Through cluster analysis, one conodont biofacies, Polygnathus biofacies, and two subbiofacies, Bispathodus-Pseudopolygnathus and Gnathodus subbiofacies, are identified. Changes in these conodont biofacies and subbiofacies are interpreted as a result of fluctuation of sea level in the Baoshan Block during the middle to late Tournaisian, Early Mississippian. Geniculatus claviger is recovered and systematically described in China for the first time.

在中国西南部云南西部保山施甸的玉洞一区和玉洞二区，早密西西比时期的玉洞地层和石花洞地层出露良好。在这两个地层中发现了丰富多样的锥齿类动物。共鉴定出隶属于 10 个属的 29 个种/亚种。确认了 Siphonodella 和 Scaliognathus anchoralis-Gnathodus pseudosemiglaber 区。通过聚类分析，确定了一个锥齿动物生物群落--Polygnathus 生物群落，以及两个亚生物群落--Bispathodus-Pseudopolygnathus 和 Gnathodus 亚生物群落。这些化石生物底层和亚生物底层的变化被解释为中晚期图尔奈斯期（Tournaisian）和早密西西比期（Mississippian）宝山地块海平面波动的结果。在中国首次发现并系统描述了Geniculatus claviger。

引用次数: 0

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