Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/17
N. Liu
A new hyphomycete genus, Pleopunctum, is introduced to accommodate two new species, P. ellipsoideum sp. nov. (type species) and P. pseudoellipsoideum sp. nov., collected from decaying wood in Guizhou Province, China. The genus is characterized by macronematous, mononematous conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells and muriform, oval to ellipsoidal conidia often with a hyaline, elliptical to globose basal cell. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1α sequence data of 55 taxa were carried out to infer their phylogenetic relationships. The new taxa formed a well-supported subclade in the family Phaeoseptaceae and basal to Lignosphaeria and Thyridaria macrostomoides. Divergence time estimation based on LSU, SSU and TEF1α sequence data was performed to provide additional evidence for the establishment of Phaeoseptaceae, which diverged approximately 88 MYA.
{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic studies of Pleopunctum gen. nov. (Phaeoseptaceae, Pleosporales) from China","authors":"N. Liu","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/17","url":null,"abstract":"A new hyphomycete genus, Pleopunctum, is introduced to accommodate two new species, P. ellipsoideum sp. nov. (type species) and P. pseudoellipsoideum sp. nov., collected from decaying wood in Guizhou Province, China. The genus is characterized by macronematous, mononematous conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells and muriform, oval to ellipsoidal conidia often with a hyaline, elliptical to globose basal cell. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1α sequence data of 55 taxa were carried out to infer their phylogenetic relationships. The new taxa formed a well-supported subclade in the family Phaeoseptaceae and basal to Lignosphaeria and Thyridaria macrostomoides. Divergence time estimation based on LSU, SSU and TEF1α sequence data was performed to provide additional evidence for the establishment of Phaeoseptaceae, which diverged approximately 88 MYA.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1
Sc Jayasiri
{"title":"Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits","authors":"Sc Jayasiri","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71231599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/21
I. Promputtha
Fungal succession on various plants from different regions of the world have been wellstudied, however there has been no report comparing the fungi on leaves of a climber with those of the supportive plant. Fungi on leaves of Berchemia floribunda, a climber, were studied to fungal diversity and succession over a period of leaf decomposition. These fungi were compared with those on leaves of Magnolia liliifera, the supportive plant, using data from previous studies at the same site. Leaves of B. floribunda were placed with the upper or lower leaf surface adjacent to the forest floor, hung above the ground either under the host tree or other tree species, or placed on the forest floor under the host tree or under other trees to establish the effects of these treatments. These leaf bait trials did not affect the fungal diversity on the leaves. There was very little overlap between fungi on the climber leaves and those on the support tree. Only four saprobes from B. floribunda were also found on leaves of M. liliifera. We suspect that most of the fungi degrading leaves of B. floribunda were initially endophytes and became active saprobes once leaves started to decay.
{"title":"Succession and natural occurrence of saprobic fungi on leaves of Berchemia floribunda (climber) and their association with Magnolia liliifera (host)","authors":"I. Promputtha","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/21","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal succession on various plants from different regions of the world have been wellstudied, however there has been no report comparing the fungi on leaves of a climber with those of the supportive plant. Fungi on leaves of Berchemia floribunda, a climber, were studied to fungal diversity and succession over a period of leaf decomposition. These fungi were compared with those on leaves of Magnolia liliifera, the supportive plant, using data from previous studies at the same site. Leaves of B. floribunda were placed with the upper or lower leaf surface adjacent to the forest floor, hung above the ground either under the host tree or other tree species, or placed on the forest floor under the host tree or under other trees to establish the effects of these treatments. These leaf bait trials did not affect the fungal diversity on the leaves. There was very little overlap between fungi on the climber leaves and those on the support tree. Only four saprobes from B. floribunda were also found on leaves of M. liliifera. We suspect that most of the fungi degrading leaves of B. floribunda were initially endophytes and became active saprobes once leaves started to decay.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/22
D. Pem
{"title":"Mycosphere notes 275-324: A morpho-taxonomic revision and typification of obscure Dothideomycetes genera (incertae sedis)","authors":"D. Pem","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/3
JF Zhang JF
{"title":"Fungi from Asian Karst formations III. Molecular and morphological characterization reveal new taxa in Phaeosphaeriaceae","authors":"JF Zhang JF","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/20
Df Bao
{"title":"Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China and Thailand: Multi-gene phylogeny reveals new species and new records in Lophiostomataceae","authors":"Df Bao","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71231991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/8
K. Chethana
Cherry leaf spot is one of the most common and devastating diseases of cherries worldwide. The disease causes considerable yield losses in many cherry growing regions. We surveyed cherry leaf spot disease in Beijing City and collected 67 fungal isolates from approximately 60 diseased leaves. Multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological observations facilitated the identification of species isolated from the diseased tissues. Pathogenicity assays were conducted for six isolates representing all the identified species and Koch’s postulates were confirmed on three cultivars of Prunus avium under greenhouse conditions. These results confirmed their pathogenicity on cherry leaves as symptoms were reproduced. Based on these results, a novel taxon Alternaria prunicola sp. nov. is reported as the main pathogen of Cherry leaf spot in Beijing City. In addition, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pseudoeichhorniae sp. nov., Colletotrichum aenigma, Colletotrichum pseudotheobromicola sp. nov., Epicoccum pseudokeratinophilum sp. nov., Nothophoma pruni sp. nov., Nothophoma quercina and Stagonosporopsis citrulli were also isolated from Cherry leaf spots. Significant variations in the virulence were observed among fungal species on different cherry cultivars.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of fungal taxa associated with cherry leaf spot disease","authors":"K. Chethana","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/8","url":null,"abstract":"Cherry leaf spot is one of the most common and devastating diseases of cherries worldwide. The disease causes considerable yield losses in many cherry growing regions. We surveyed cherry leaf spot disease in Beijing City and collected 67 fungal isolates from approximately 60 diseased leaves. Multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological observations facilitated the identification of species isolated from the diseased tissues. Pathogenicity assays were conducted for six isolates representing all the identified species and Koch’s postulates were confirmed on three cultivars of Prunus avium under greenhouse conditions. These results confirmed their pathogenicity on cherry leaves as symptoms were reproduced. Based on these results, a novel taxon Alternaria prunicola sp. nov. is reported as the main pathogen of Cherry leaf spot in Beijing City. In addition, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pseudoeichhorniae sp. nov., Colletotrichum aenigma, Colletotrichum pseudotheobromicola sp. nov., Epicoccum pseudokeratinophilum sp. nov., Nothophoma pruni sp. nov., Nothophoma quercina and Stagonosporopsis citrulli were also isolated from Cherry leaf spots. Significant variations in the virulence were observed among fungal species on different cherry cultivars.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/9
C. Norphanphoun, R. Jayawardena, Y. Chen, TC Wen, K. Hyde
Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and are endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The present study provides an updated phylogenetic placement of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis using fresh collections from mangrove plants in Thailand. Twelve novel species are characterized based on combined sequence data analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta tubulin (β-tubulin) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) coupled with morphological characters. The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of pestalotioid-fungi are reappraised with suggestions for future work.
{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of novel pestalotioid species associated with mangroves in Thailand","authors":"C. Norphanphoun, R. Jayawardena, Y. Chen, TC Wen, K. Hyde","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/9","url":null,"abstract":"Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and are endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The present study provides an updated phylogenetic placement of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis using fresh collections from mangrove plants in Thailand. Twelve novel species are characterized based on combined sequence data analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta tubulin (β-tubulin) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) coupled with morphological characters. The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of pestalotioid-fungi are reappraised with suggestions for future work.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/4
K. Hapuarachchi
Taxa of Ganodermataceae have been widely used as traditional medicines for centuries in Asia. Despite several taxonomic investigations, relationships and classification of many species are still unresolved. Species in this family are either pathogenic, wood decaying and/or wood inhabiting. In this paper, we introduce, a collection of Ganodermataceae species based on fresh and dried specimens found within the Greater Mekong Subregion countries; China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. rude, Haddowia longipes, Ganoderma lingzhi, G. luteomarginatum, G. subresinosum and G. tropicum from Laos, G. australe and G. multiplicatum from Myanmar, G. donkii from Thailand, G. adspersum from Thailand and Myanmar, G. flexipes, G. gibbosum, G. orbiforme, and G. neojaponicum from both Laos and Myanmar, are newly recorded species for these countries. We also identified A. schomburgkii and A. rude, based on morphology and the other species based on both morphology and DNA sequence data. Two species; G. nasalanense Hapuar., Pheng., & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., and G. sandunense Hapuar., T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., are new to science and established with morphological and DNA sequence based evidence. All taxa collected are described and illustrated with coloured photographs. We present an updated phylogeny for Ganodermataceae based on nrLSU, ITS, nrSSU, TEF1 and RPB2 DNA sequence data and species relationships and classification are discussed.
{"title":"Ganodermataceae (Polyporales): Diversity in Greater Mekong Subregion countries (China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam)","authors":"K. Hapuarachchi","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/4","url":null,"abstract":"Taxa of Ganodermataceae have been widely used as traditional medicines for centuries in Asia. Despite several taxonomic investigations, relationships and classification of many species are still unresolved. Species in this family are either pathogenic, wood decaying and/or wood inhabiting. In this paper, we introduce, a collection of Ganodermataceae species based on fresh and dried specimens found within the Greater Mekong Subregion countries; China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. rude, Haddowia longipes, Ganoderma lingzhi, G. luteomarginatum, G. subresinosum and G. tropicum from Laos, G. australe and G. multiplicatum from Myanmar, G. donkii from Thailand, G. adspersum from Thailand and Myanmar, G. flexipes, G. gibbosum, G. orbiforme, and G. neojaponicum from both Laos and Myanmar, are newly recorded species for these countries. We also identified A. schomburgkii and A. rude, based on morphology and the other species based on both morphology and DNA sequence data. Two species; G. nasalanense Hapuar., Pheng., & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., and G. sandunense Hapuar., T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., are new to science and established with morphological and DNA sequence based evidence. All taxa collected are described and illustrated with coloured photographs. We present an updated phylogeny for Ganodermataceae based on nrLSU, ITS, nrSSU, TEF1 and RPB2 DNA sequence data and species relationships and classification are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/16
T. Kinge
Pathogen-free seeds are important for the establishment of young seedlings, prevention of health problems upon consumption by animals and livestock, and inadvertent movement of pathogens into and out of countries. However, testing for the presence of fungi, including pathogens from seeds is a time consuming and difficult process. In this study, we characterized the seed fungal microbiome (mycobiome) of six commercial sorghum cultivars from South Africa using a deep amplicon next generation sequencing approach based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal operon. Sorghum is the fifth most important crop in the world, and widely used by African farmers. We found that the fungi present in each of the seedlots were similar to those reported by cultural studies. By comparing phylotypes of certain key families and genera to phylotypes used in established phylogenies and reputed sequences from public databases, the diagnostic value of the NGS method was also investigated. We showed that a number of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) could be identified at the species level and established that certain known pathogens are not present in the tested seeds, for instance in the Aspergillus group. Other groups could not be identified, not even to genus level. While acknowledging the shortcomings of using partial ITS data, we demonstrated that deep amplicon sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool for seed disease control and prevention in some cases.
{"title":"Endophytic seed mycobiome of six sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars from commercial seedlots using an Illumina sequencing approach","authors":"T. Kinge","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/16","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen-free seeds are important for the establishment of young seedlings, prevention of health problems upon consumption by animals and livestock, and inadvertent movement of pathogens into and out of countries. However, testing for the presence of fungi, including pathogens from seeds is a time consuming and difficult process. In this study, we characterized the seed fungal microbiome (mycobiome) of six commercial sorghum cultivars from South Africa using a deep amplicon next generation sequencing approach based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal operon. Sorghum is the fifth most important crop in the world, and widely used by African farmers. We found that the fungi present in each of the seedlots were similar to those reported by cultural studies. By comparing phylotypes of certain key families and genera to phylotypes used in established phylogenies and reputed sequences from public databases, the diagnostic value of the NGS method was also investigated. We showed that a number of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) could be identified at the species level and established that certain known pathogens are not present in the tested seeds, for instance in the Aspergillus group. Other groups could not be identified, not even to genus level. While acknowledging the shortcomings of using partial ITS data, we demonstrated that deep amplicon sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool for seed disease control and prevention in some cases.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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