Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00128-1
Maisoon Elbukhari Ibrahim, Dell D Saulnier, Karl Blanchet
The Sudan 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan was revised in May, 2023, due to the escalating violence in the country. This revision increased the scale of assistance and protection activities and suspended the funding allocated for access to livelihood, access to basic services, and for the implementation of resilience solutions. We call to rethink Sudan's current humanitarian response through a pro-resilience and people-centred approach. A pro-resilience approach prioritises investments in national systems and institutions capable of delivering aid and anticipates, prevents, mitigates, and manages imminent and simultaneous shocks. A people-centred humanitarian response involves meaningful engagement of communities and collaborations with civil society organisations, which continue to be the key responders to the ongoing conflict in Sudan. Finally, we propose approaches to effectively operationalise health system resilience to enhance immediate and long-term health outcomes.
{"title":"Short-term aid or long-term gains? Harnessing Sudan's humanitarian response for the resilience of its health system.","authors":"Maisoon Elbukhari Ibrahim, Dell D Saulnier, Karl Blanchet","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00128-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00128-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sudan 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan was revised in May, 2023, due to the escalating violence in the country. This revision increased the scale of assistance and protection activities and suspended the funding allocated for access to livelihood, access to basic services, and for the implementation of resilience solutions. We call to rethink Sudan's current humanitarian response through a pro-resilience and people-centred approach. A pro-resilience approach prioritises investments in national systems and institutions capable of delivering aid and anticipates, prevents, mitigates, and manages imminent and simultaneous shocks. A people-centred humanitarian response involves meaningful engagement of communities and collaborations with civil society organisations, which continue to be the key responders to the ongoing conflict in Sudan. Finally, we propose approaches to effectively operationalise health system resilience to enhance immediate and long-term health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00223-7
{"title":"Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12: e815-25.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00223-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00223-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00219-5
David A Pearce, Gareth Baynam
{"title":"Erasing stigma around rare diseases.","authors":"David A Pearce, Gareth Baynam","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00219-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00219-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00186-4
Thana C de Campos-Rudinsky, Sarah L Bosha, Daniel Wainstock, Sharifah Sekalala, Sridhar Venkatapuram, Caesar Alimsinya Atuire
The negotiations for the WHO Pandemic Agreement have brought attention to issues of racism and colonialism in global health. Although the agreement aims to promote global solidarity, it fails to address these deeply embedded problems. This Viewpoint argues that not including the principle of subsidiarity into Article 4 of the agreement as a pragmatic strategy was a missed opportunity to decolonise global health governance and promote global solidarity. Subsidiarity, as a structural principle, empowers local units to make decisions and address issues at their level, fostering collaboration, coordination, and cooperation. By integrating subsidiarity, the agreement could have ensured contextually appropriate responses, empowered local communities, and achieved justice in global health. This paper discusses the elements of subsidiarity-namely, agency and non-abandonment-and highlights the need to strike a balance between them. It also maps the principle of subsidiarity within the Pandemic Agreement, emphasising the importance of creating a practical framework for its implementation. By integrating subsidiarity into the agreement, a just and decolonialised approach to pandemic prevention and response could have been closer to being realised, promoting global solidarity and addressing health inequities.
{"title":"Decolonising global health: why the new Pandemic Agreement should have included the principle of subsidiarity.","authors":"Thana C de Campos-Rudinsky, Sarah L Bosha, Daniel Wainstock, Sharifah Sekalala, Sridhar Venkatapuram, Caesar Alimsinya Atuire","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00186-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00186-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The negotiations for the WHO Pandemic Agreement have brought attention to issues of racism and colonialism in global health. Although the agreement aims to promote global solidarity, it fails to address these deeply embedded problems. This Viewpoint argues that not including the principle of subsidiarity into Article 4 of the agreement as a pragmatic strategy was a missed opportunity to decolonise global health governance and promote global solidarity. Subsidiarity, as a structural principle, empowers local units to make decisions and address issues at their level, fostering collaboration, coordination, and cooperation. By integrating subsidiarity, the agreement could have ensured contextually appropriate responses, empowered local communities, and achieved justice in global health. This paper discusses the elements of subsidiarity-namely, agency and non-abandonment-and highlights the need to strike a balance between them. It also maps the principle of subsidiarity within the Pandemic Agreement, emphasising the importance of creating a practical framework for its implementation. By integrating subsidiarity into the agreement, a just and decolonialised approach to pandemic prevention and response could have been closer to being realised, promoting global solidarity and addressing health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00216-X
David B Duong, Bethany Holt, Chris Munoz, Todd M Pollack
{"title":"For and with people: announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on people-centred care for universal health coverage and a call for commissioner nominations.","authors":"David B Duong, Bethany Holt, Chris Munoz, Todd M Pollack","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00216-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00216-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00178-5
Alexandra de Nooy, Tom Ockhuisen, Alexei Korobitsyn, Shaukat A Khan, Morten Ruhwald, Nazir Ismail, Mikashmi Kohli, Brooke E Nichols
Background: Tuberculosis continues to be a leading cause of infectious disease mortality, and effective screening and diagnosis remains crucial. Despite progress made, diagnostic gaps remain due to poor access to diagnostic tools and testing, particularly in rural and remote areas. As such, the development of target product profiles is essential in guiding the development of new diagnostic tools, however target product profiles often lack evidence-based information and do not consider trade-offs between test accuracy and accessibility.
Methods: A simulation-based model, in the form of a decision tree, was used to map out the baseline patient tuberculosis diagnostic pathway for individuals in Kenya, South Africa, and India. The model was then used to adapt this pathway to evaluate the trade-offs between increased access to testing and varying accuracy of new tuberculosis diagnostic tools within the health-care contexts of Kenya, South Africa, and India. The model aims to support target product profile development by quantifying the impact of new diagnostics on the standard of care. The model considered three diagnostic attributes, namely sample type (sputum vs non-sputum), site of testing (point of care, near point of care, and health setting) and turnaround time.
Findings: Our results indicate that per sample type, novel point-of-care tests would be the most accessible and even with lower sensitivities can achieve comparable or better case detection than the current standard of care in each country. Non-sputum diagnostics also have lower sensitivity requirements. Overall, target product profile parameters with reduced sensitivities from 70% for non-sputum and 78% for sputum tests could be accepted.
Interpretation: Diagnostics which bring tuberculosis tests and test results closer to the patient could reduce overall diagnostic loss despite potential reductions in sensitivity. This work provides a novel framework for guiding the future development of diagnostics, with an approach towards balancing accessibility and test performance.
Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-045721).
{"title":"Trade-offs between clinical performance and test accessibility in tuberculosis diagnosis: a multi-country modelling approach for target product profile development.","authors":"Alexandra de Nooy, Tom Ockhuisen, Alexei Korobitsyn, Shaukat A Khan, Morten Ruhwald, Nazir Ismail, Mikashmi Kohli, Brooke E Nichols","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00178-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00178-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis continues to be a leading cause of infectious disease mortality, and effective screening and diagnosis remains crucial. Despite progress made, diagnostic gaps remain due to poor access to diagnostic tools and testing, particularly in rural and remote areas. As such, the development of target product profiles is essential in guiding the development of new diagnostic tools, however target product profiles often lack evidence-based information and do not consider trade-offs between test accuracy and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A simulation-based model, in the form of a decision tree, was used to map out the baseline patient tuberculosis diagnostic pathway for individuals in Kenya, South Africa, and India. The model was then used to adapt this pathway to evaluate the trade-offs between increased access to testing and varying accuracy of new tuberculosis diagnostic tools within the health-care contexts of Kenya, South Africa, and India. The model aims to support target product profile development by quantifying the impact of new diagnostics on the standard of care. The model considered three diagnostic attributes, namely sample type (sputum vs non-sputum), site of testing (point of care, near point of care, and health setting) and turnaround time.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our results indicate that per sample type, novel point-of-care tests would be the most accessible and even with lower sensitivities can achieve comparable or better case detection than the current standard of care in each country. Non-sputum diagnostics also have lower sensitivity requirements. Overall, target product profile parameters with reduced sensitivities from 70% for non-sputum and 78% for sputum tests could be accepted.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Diagnostics which bring tuberculosis tests and test results closer to the patient could reduce overall diagnostic loss despite potential reductions in sensitivity. This work provides a novel framework for guiding the future development of diagnostics, with an approach towards balancing accessibility and test performance.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-045721).</p>","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00182-7
Emmanuel Olal, Ritah Nantale, David Lagoro Kitara
{"title":"Nodding syndrome and doxycycline: promising findings with open questions.","authors":"Emmanuel Olal, Ritah Nantale, David Lagoro Kitara","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00182-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00182-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00176-1
Ryan Max, Christian Toval-Ruiz, Sylvia Becker-Dreps, Anna M Gajewski, Evelin Martinez, Kaitlyn Cross, Bryan Blette, Oscar Ortega, Damaris Collado, Omar Zepeda, Itziar Familiar, Michael J Boivin, Meylin Chavarria, María José Meléndez, Juan Carlos Mercado, Aravinda de Silva, Matthew H Collins, Daniel Westreich, Sandra Bos, Eva Harris, Angel Balmaseda, Emily W Gower, Natalie M Bowman, Elizabeth Stringer, Filemón Bucardo
Background: Data on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of normocephalic children (born with normal head circumference) exposed to Zika virus in utero are scarce. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in normocephalic children up to age 48 months with and without Zika virus exposure in utero.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we included infants from two cohorts of normocephalic children born in León and Managua, Nicaragua during the 2016 Zika epidemic. In León, all women pregnant during the two enrolment periods were eligible. In Managua, mother-child pairs were included from three districts in the municipality of Managua: all women who became pregnant before June 15, 2016, and had a due date of Sept 15, 2016 or later were eligible. Infants were serologically classified as Zika virus-exposed or Zika virus-unexposed in utero and were followed up prospectively until age 48 months. At 36 months and 48 months of age, the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) assessment was administered. Primary outcomes were MSEL early learning composite (ELC) scores at 30-48 months in León and 36-48 months in Managua. We used an inverse probability weighting generalised estimating equations model to assess the effect of Zika virus exposure on individual MSEL cognitive domain scores and ELC scores, adjusted for maternal education and age, poverty status, and infant sex.
Findings: The initial enrolment period for the León cohort was between Jan 31 and April 5, 2017 and the second was between Aug 30, 2017, and Feb 22, 2018. The enrolment period for the Managua cohort was between Oct 24, 2019, and May 5, 2020. 478 mothers (482 infants) from the León cohort and 615 mothers (609 infants) from the Managua cohort were enrolled, of whom 622 children (303 from the León cohort; 319 from the Managua cohort) were included in the final analysis; four children had microcephaly at birth and thus were excluded from analyses, two from each cohort. 33 (11%) of 303 children enrolled in León and 219 (69%) of 319 children enrolled in Managua were exposed to Zika virus in utero. In both cohorts, no significant differences were identified in adjusted mean ELC scores between Zika virus-exposed and unexposed infants at 36 months (between-group difference 1·2 points [95% CI -4·2 to 6·5] in the León cohort; 2·8 [-2·4 to 8·1] in the Managua cohort) or at 48 months (-0·9 [-10·8 to 8·8] in the León cohort; 0·1 [-5·1 to 5·2] in the Managua cohort). No differences in ELC scores between Zika virus-exposed and unexposed infants exceeded 6 points at any time between 30 months and 48 months in León or between 36 months and 48 months in Managua, which was considered clinically significant in other settings.
Interpretation: We found no significant differences in neurodevelopmental scores between normocephalic children with in-utero Zika virus exposure and Zika virus-unexposed children at age 36
{"title":"Neurodevelopment in preschool children exposed and unexposed to Zika virus in utero in Nicaragua: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ryan Max, Christian Toval-Ruiz, Sylvia Becker-Dreps, Anna M Gajewski, Evelin Martinez, Kaitlyn Cross, Bryan Blette, Oscar Ortega, Damaris Collado, Omar Zepeda, Itziar Familiar, Michael J Boivin, Meylin Chavarria, María José Meléndez, Juan Carlos Mercado, Aravinda de Silva, Matthew H Collins, Daniel Westreich, Sandra Bos, Eva Harris, Angel Balmaseda, Emily W Gower, Natalie M Bowman, Elizabeth Stringer, Filemón Bucardo","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00176-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00176-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of normocephalic children (born with normal head circumference) exposed to Zika virus in utero are scarce. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in normocephalic children up to age 48 months with and without Zika virus exposure in utero.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, we included infants from two cohorts of normocephalic children born in León and Managua, Nicaragua during the 2016 Zika epidemic. In León, all women pregnant during the two enrolment periods were eligible. In Managua, mother-child pairs were included from three districts in the municipality of Managua: all women who became pregnant before June 15, 2016, and had a due date of Sept 15, 2016 or later were eligible. Infants were serologically classified as Zika virus-exposed or Zika virus-unexposed in utero and were followed up prospectively until age 48 months. At 36 months and 48 months of age, the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) assessment was administered. Primary outcomes were MSEL early learning composite (ELC) scores at 30-48 months in León and 36-48 months in Managua. We used an inverse probability weighting generalised estimating equations model to assess the effect of Zika virus exposure on individual MSEL cognitive domain scores and ELC scores, adjusted for maternal education and age, poverty status, and infant sex.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The initial enrolment period for the León cohort was between Jan 31 and April 5, 2017 and the second was between Aug 30, 2017, and Feb 22, 2018. The enrolment period for the Managua cohort was between Oct 24, 2019, and May 5, 2020. 478 mothers (482 infants) from the León cohort and 615 mothers (609 infants) from the Managua cohort were enrolled, of whom 622 children (303 from the León cohort; 319 from the Managua cohort) were included in the final analysis; four children had microcephaly at birth and thus were excluded from analyses, two from each cohort. 33 (11%) of 303 children enrolled in León and 219 (69%) of 319 children enrolled in Managua were exposed to Zika virus in utero. In both cohorts, no significant differences were identified in adjusted mean ELC scores between Zika virus-exposed and unexposed infants at 36 months (between-group difference 1·2 points [95% CI -4·2 to 6·5] in the León cohort; 2·8 [-2·4 to 8·1] in the Managua cohort) or at 48 months (-0·9 [-10·8 to 8·8] in the León cohort; 0·1 [-5·1 to 5·2] in the Managua cohort). No differences in ELC scores between Zika virus-exposed and unexposed infants exceeded 6 points at any time between 30 months and 48 months in León or between 36 months and 48 months in Managua, which was considered clinically significant in other settings.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>We found no significant differences in neurodevelopmental scores between normocephalic children with in-utero Zika virus exposure and Zika virus-unexposed children at age 36","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00102-5
Richard Idro, Rodney Ogwang, Ronald Anguzu, Pamela Akun, Albert Ningwa, Catherine Abbo, Maria P Giannoccaro, Joseph Kubofcik, Amos D Mwaka, Phellister Nakamya, Bernard Opar, Mark Taylor, Thomas B Nutman, Alison Elliott, Angela Vincent, Charles R Newton, Kevin Marsh
Background: Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood neurological disorder that predominantly occurs in Africa. We hypothesised that nodding syndrome is a neuroinflammatory disorder, induced by antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus or its Wolbachia symbiont, cross-reacting with host neuronal proteins (HNPs), and that doxycycline can be used as treatment.
Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, we recruited participants from districts affected by nodding syndrome in northern Uganda. We included children and adolescents aged 8-18 years with nodding syndrome, as defined by WHO consensus criteria. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 100 mg doxycycline daily or placebo for 6 weeks via a computer-generated schedule stratified by skin microscopy results, and all parties were masked to group assignment. Diagnoses of O volvulus and antibodies to HNPs were made using luciferase immunoprecipitation system assays and immunohistochemistry. The primary outcome was change in the proportion with antibodies to HNPs, assessed at 24 months. All participants were included in safety analyses, and surviving participants (those with samples at 24 months) were included in primary analyses. Secondary outcomes were: change in concentrations of antibodies to HNPs at 24 months compared with baseline; proportion of participants testing positive for antibodies to O volvulus-specific proteins and concentrations of Ov16 or OVOC3261 antibodies at 24 months compared with baseline; change in seizure burden, proportion achieving seizure freedom, and the proportions with interictal epileptiform discharges on the diagnostic EEG; overall quality of life; disease severity at 24 months; and incidence of all-cause adverse events, serious adverse events, and seizure-related mortality by 24 months. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02850913.
Findings: Between Sept 1, 2016, and Aug 31, 2018, 329 children and adolescents were screened, of whom 240 were included in the study. 140 (58%) participants were boys and 100 (42%) were girls. 120 (50%) participants were allocated to receive doxycycline and 120 (50%) to receive placebo. At recruitment, the median duration of symptoms was 9 years (IQR 6-10); 232 (97%) participants had O volvulus-specific antibodies and 157 (65%) had autoantibodies to HNPs. The most common plasma autoantibodies were to human protein deglycase DJ-1 (85 [35%] participants) and leiomodin-1 (77 [32%] participants) and, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to human DJ-1 (27 [11%] participants) and leiomodin-1 (14 [6%] participants). On immunohistochemistry, 46 (19%) participants had CSF autoantibodies to HNPs, including leiomodin-1 (26 [11%]), γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (two [<1%]), CASPR2 (one [<1%]), or unknown targets (28 [12%]). At 24 months, 161 (72%) of 225 participants had antibodies to HNPs compared with 157 (65%) of 240 at baseli
背景介绍点头综合征是一种鲜为人知的神经系统疾病,主要发生在非洲。我们假设,点头综合征是一种神经炎症性疾病,是由盘尾丝虫或其共生体沃尔巴克氏体的抗体与宿主神经元蛋白(HNPs)发生交叉反应而诱发的,强力霉素可用于治疗:在这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的 2 期试验中,我们从乌干达北部受点头综合征影响的地区招募参与者。根据世界卫生组织的共识标准,我们招募了患有点头综合征的 8-18 岁儿童和青少年。通过计算机生成的时间表,按皮肤显微镜检查结果进行分层,将参与者随机分配(1:1)至每天接受 100 毫克强力霉素或安慰剂治疗,为期 6 周,所有参与者均被蒙蔽。采用荧光素酶免疫沉淀系统检测法和免疫组化法对O型涡虫和HNPs抗体进行诊断。主要结果是在 24 个月时评估 HNPs 抗体比例的变化。所有参与者均纳入安全性分析,存活参与者(24 个月时有样本的参与者)纳入主要分析。次要结果包括与基线相比,24 个月时 HNPs 抗体浓度的变化;与基线相比,24 个月时 O volvulus 特异性蛋白抗体和 Ov16 或 OVOC3261 抗体浓度呈阳性的参与者比例;与基线相比,24 个月时癫痫发作负担的变化、实现无癫痫发作的比例以及诊断性脑电图中出现发作间期癫痫样放电的比例;总体生活质量;24 个月时的疾病严重程度;以及 24 个月时全因不良事件、严重不良事件和癫痫发作相关死亡率的发生率。该试验已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册,编号为 NCT02850913:2016年9月1日至2018年8月31日期间,329名儿童和青少年接受了筛查,其中240人被纳入研究。140名参与者(58%)为男孩,100名参与者(42%)为女孩。120名参与者(50%)被分配接受强力霉素治疗,120名参与者(50%)被分配接受安慰剂治疗。招募时,症状持续时间的中位数为9年(IQR 6-10);232名(97%)参与者体内有O型涡虫特异性抗体,157名(65%)参与者体内有HNPs自身抗体。最常见的血浆自身抗体是人蛋白脱落酶DJ-1(85[35%]名参与者)和leiomodin-1(77[32%]名参与者),脑脊液(CSF)中的自身抗体是人DJ-1(27[11%]名参与者)和leiomodin-1(14[6%]名参与者)。免疫组化结果显示,46 名参与者(19%)的脑脊液中存在 HNPs 自身抗体,其中包括 Leiomodin-1(26 [11%])、γ-氨基丁酸 B 受体(2 [释义:γ-氨基丁酸 B 受体与点头综合征密切相关:点头综合征与 O 型伏隔膜密切相关,其发病机制可能是通过 O 型伏隔膜诱导的对多种蛋白质的自身抗体反应介导的。多西环素或其他预防性抗生素虽然不能逆转疾病症状,但可以考虑作为抗癫痫药物的辅助疗法,因为它可以减少发热感染诱发的急性癫痫发作和癫痫状态的致命并发症:资助:英国医学研究委员会:摘要的罗氏译文见补充材料部分。
{"title":"Doxycycline for the treatment of nodding syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.","authors":"Richard Idro, Rodney Ogwang, Ronald Anguzu, Pamela Akun, Albert Ningwa, Catherine Abbo, Maria P Giannoccaro, Joseph Kubofcik, Amos D Mwaka, Phellister Nakamya, Bernard Opar, Mark Taylor, Thomas B Nutman, Alison Elliott, Angela Vincent, Charles R Newton, Kevin Marsh","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00102-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00102-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood neurological disorder that predominantly occurs in Africa. We hypothesised that nodding syndrome is a neuroinflammatory disorder, induced by antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus or its Wolbachia symbiont, cross-reacting with host neuronal proteins (HNPs), and that doxycycline can be used as treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, we recruited participants from districts affected by nodding syndrome in northern Uganda. We included children and adolescents aged 8-18 years with nodding syndrome, as defined by WHO consensus criteria. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 100 mg doxycycline daily or placebo for 6 weeks via a computer-generated schedule stratified by skin microscopy results, and all parties were masked to group assignment. Diagnoses of O volvulus and antibodies to HNPs were made using luciferase immunoprecipitation system assays and immunohistochemistry. The primary outcome was change in the proportion with antibodies to HNPs, assessed at 24 months. All participants were included in safety analyses, and surviving participants (those with samples at 24 months) were included in primary analyses. Secondary outcomes were: change in concentrations of antibodies to HNPs at 24 months compared with baseline; proportion of participants testing positive for antibodies to O volvulus-specific proteins and concentrations of Ov16 or OVOC3261 antibodies at 24 months compared with baseline; change in seizure burden, proportion achieving seizure freedom, and the proportions with interictal epileptiform discharges on the diagnostic EEG; overall quality of life; disease severity at 24 months; and incidence of all-cause adverse events, serious adverse events, and seizure-related mortality by 24 months. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02850913.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Sept 1, 2016, and Aug 31, 2018, 329 children and adolescents were screened, of whom 240 were included in the study. 140 (58%) participants were boys and 100 (42%) were girls. 120 (50%) participants were allocated to receive doxycycline and 120 (50%) to receive placebo. At recruitment, the median duration of symptoms was 9 years (IQR 6-10); 232 (97%) participants had O volvulus-specific antibodies and 157 (65%) had autoantibodies to HNPs. The most common plasma autoantibodies were to human protein deglycase DJ-1 (85 [35%] participants) and leiomodin-1 (77 [32%] participants) and, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to human DJ-1 (27 [11%] participants) and leiomodin-1 (14 [6%] participants). On immunohistochemistry, 46 (19%) participants had CSF autoantibodies to HNPs, including leiomodin-1 (26 [11%]), γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (two [<1%]), CASPR2 (one [<1%]), or unknown targets (28 [12%]). At 24 months, 161 (72%) of 225 participants had antibodies to HNPs compared with 157 (65%) of 240 at baseli","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00138-4
Joanne Kim, Peter M Macharia, Valerie McCormack, Milena Foerster, Moses Galukande, Maureen Joffe, Herbert Cubasch, Annelle Zietsman, Angelica Anele, Shadrach Offiah, Groesbeck Parham, Leeya F Pinder, Benjamin O Anderson, Joachim Schüz, Isabel Dos Santos-Silva, Kayo Togawa
Background: There is an urgent need to improve breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Geospatial barriers delay diagnosis and treatment, but their effect on survival in these settings is not well understood. We examined geospatial disparities in 4-year survival in the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes cohort.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, women (aged ≥18 years) newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited from eight hospitals in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. They reported sociodemographic information in interviewer-administered questionnaires, and their clinical and treatment data were collected from medical records. Vital status was ascertained by contacting participants or their next of kin every 3 months. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality in relation to rural versus urban residence, straight-line distance, and modelled travel time to hospital, analysed using restricted mean survival time, Cox proportional hazards, and flexible parametric survival models.
Findings: 2228 women with breast cancer were recruited between Sept 8, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017. 127 were excluded from analysis (58 had potentially recurrent cancer, had previously received treatment, or had no follow-up; 14 from minority ethnic groups with small sample sizes; and 55 with missing geocoded home addresses). Among the 2101 women included in analysis, 928 (44%) lived in a rural area. 1042 patients had died within 4 years of diagnosis; 4-year survival was 39% (95% CI 36-42) in women in rural areas versus 49% (46-52) in urban areas (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·24 [95% CI 1·09-1·40]). Among the 734 women living more than 1 h from the hospital, the crude 4-year survival was 37% (95% CI 32-42) in women in rural areas versus 54% (46-62) in women in urban areas (HR 1·35 [95% CI 1·07-1·71] after adjustment for age, stage, and treatment status). Among women in rural areas, mortality rates increased with distance (adjusted HR per 50 km 1·04, 1·01-1·07) and travel time (adjusted HR per h 1·06, 1·02-1·10). Among women with early-stage breast cancer receiving treatment, women in rural areas had a strong survival disadvantage (overall HR 1·54, 1·14-2·07 adjusted for age and stage; >1 h distance adjusted HR 2·14, 1·21-3·78).
Interpretation: Geospatial barriers reduce survival of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Specific attention is needed to support patients with early-stage breast cancer living in rural areas far from cancer treatment facilities.
Funding: US National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute), Susan G Komen for the Cure, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
背景:撒哈拉以南非洲地区迫切需要提高乳腺癌患者的生存率。地理空间障碍会延误诊断和治疗,但它们对这些地区生存率的影响还不甚了解。我们研究了非洲乳腺癌结果差异队列中 4 年生存率的地理空间差异:在这项前瞻性队列研究中,我们从纳米比亚、尼日利亚、南非、乌干达和赞比亚的八家医院招募了新诊断为乳腺癌的女性(年龄≥18 岁)。她们在由受访者填写的调查问卷中报告了社会人口学信息,并从医疗记录中收集了她们的临床和治疗数据。每 3 个月与参与者或其近亲联系一次,以确定其生命状态。主要结果是全因死亡率与农村和城市居住地、直线距离和模拟前往医院的时间的关系,使用受限平均生存时间、Cox比例危害和灵活参数生存模型进行分析。结果:2014年9月8日至2017年12月31日期间,共招募了2228名乳腺癌女性患者。127人被排除在分析之外(58人有可能复发癌症、之前接受过治疗或没有随访;14人来自样本量较小的少数民族群体;55人缺少地理编码的家庭住址)。在纳入分析的 2101 名妇女中,有 928 人(44%)居住在农村地区。1042名患者在确诊后4年内死亡;农村地区妇女的4年生存率为39%(95% CI 36-42),而城市地区为49%(46-52)(未经调整的危险比[HR] 1-24 [95% CI 1-09-1-40])。在距离医院 1 小时以上的 734 名妇女中,农村地区妇女的粗略 4 年存活率为 37%(95% CI 32-42),而城市地区妇女的粗略 4 年存活率为 54%(46-62)(调整年龄、分期和治疗状态后,危险比为 1-35 [95% CI 1-07-1-71])。在农村地区的妇女中,死亡率随距离(调整后每 50 公里 HR 1-04,1-01-1-07)和旅行时间(调整后每小时 HR 1-06,1-02-1-10)的增加而增加。在接受治疗的早期乳腺癌妇女中,农村地区的妇女在生存方面处于非常不利的地位(总HR为1-54,根据年龄和分期调整后为1-14-2-07;>1小时距离调整后的HR为2-14,1-21-3-78):解释:地理空间障碍降低了撒哈拉以南非洲乳腺癌患者的生存率。需要特别关注为居住在远离癌症治疗设施的农村地区的早期乳腺癌患者提供支持:资金来源:美国国立卫生研究院(国立癌症研究所)、苏珊-科曼癌症治疗中心和国际癌症研究机构。
{"title":"Geospatial disparities in survival of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa from the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes cohort (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Joanne Kim, Peter M Macharia, Valerie McCormack, Milena Foerster, Moses Galukande, Maureen Joffe, Herbert Cubasch, Annelle Zietsman, Angelica Anele, Shadrach Offiah, Groesbeck Parham, Leeya F Pinder, Benjamin O Anderson, Joachim Schüz, Isabel Dos Santos-Silva, Kayo Togawa","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00138-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00138-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an urgent need to improve breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Geospatial barriers delay diagnosis and treatment, but their effect on survival in these settings is not well understood. We examined geospatial disparities in 4-year survival in the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, women (aged ≥18 years) newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited from eight hospitals in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. They reported sociodemographic information in interviewer-administered questionnaires, and their clinical and treatment data were collected from medical records. Vital status was ascertained by contacting participants or their next of kin every 3 months. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality in relation to rural versus urban residence, straight-line distance, and modelled travel time to hospital, analysed using restricted mean survival time, Cox proportional hazards, and flexible parametric survival models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>2228 women with breast cancer were recruited between Sept 8, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017. 127 were excluded from analysis (58 had potentially recurrent cancer, had previously received treatment, or had no follow-up; 14 from minority ethnic groups with small sample sizes; and 55 with missing geocoded home addresses). Among the 2101 women included in analysis, 928 (44%) lived in a rural area. 1042 patients had died within 4 years of diagnosis; 4-year survival was 39% (95% CI 36-42) in women in rural areas versus 49% (46-52) in urban areas (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·24 [95% CI 1·09-1·40]). Among the 734 women living more than 1 h from the hospital, the crude 4-year survival was 37% (95% CI 32-42) in women in rural areas versus 54% (46-62) in women in urban areas (HR 1·35 [95% CI 1·07-1·71] after adjustment for age, stage, and treatment status). Among women in rural areas, mortality rates increased with distance (adjusted HR per 50 km 1·04, 1·01-1·07) and travel time (adjusted HR per h 1·06, 1·02-1·10). Among women with early-stage breast cancer receiving treatment, women in rural areas had a strong survival disadvantage (overall HR 1·54, 1·14-2·07 adjusted for age and stage; >1 h distance adjusted HR 2·14, 1·21-3·78).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Geospatial barriers reduce survival of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Specific attention is needed to support patients with early-stage breast cancer living in rural areas far from cancer treatment facilities.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>US National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute), Susan G Komen for the Cure, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}