Lancet Global Health最新文献

{"title":"The 77th World Health Assembly resolution calling for newborn screening, diagnosis, and management of birth defects: moving towards action in low-income and middle-income countries.","authors":"Pui-Ying Iroh Tam,Carmencita D Padilla,Stanley Zlotkin,Adejumoke Idowu Ayede,Tahmina Banu,Janet Kayita,Rajesh Khanna,Suman Pn Rao,Khalid Siddeeg,Salimah Walani,Ayesha de Costa","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00335-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00335-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism in the tobacco endgame - Authors' reply.","authors":"Yvette van der Eijk,Sahaana Tamil Selvan,Xue Xin Yeo","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00361-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00361-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Ebola virus disease outbreak control through targeted post-exposure prophylaxis.","authors":"Elin Hoffmann Dahl,Placide Mbala,Sylvain Juchet,Abdoulaye Touré,Alice Montoyo,Beatrice Serra,Richard Kojan,Eric D'Ortenzio,Bjorn Blomberg,Marie Jaspard","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00255-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00255-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola virus disease kills more than half of people infected. Since the disease is transmitted via close human contact, identifying individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease is possible on the basis of the type of contact (correlated with viral exposure). Different candidates for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP; ie, vaccines, antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies) each have their specific benefits and limitations, which we discuss in this Viewpoint. Approved monoclonal antibodies have been found to reduce mortality in people with Ebola virus disease. As monoclonal antibodies act swiftly by directly targeting the virus, they are promising candidates for targeted PEP in contacts at high risk of developing disease. This intervention could save lives, halt viral transmission, and, ultimately, help curtail outbreak propagation. We explore how a strategic integration of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines as PEP could provide both immediate and long-term protection against Ebola virus disease, highlighting ongoing clinical research that aims to refine this approach, and discuss the transformative potential of a successful PEP strategy to help control viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess deaths in Gaza.","authors":"Yassar A Qureshi, Khaled Dawas, Nicholas D Maynard","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00267-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00267-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"12 9","pages":"e1395"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final clauses to ensure better compliance with the Pandemic Agreement.","authors":"Tae Jung Park","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00293-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00293-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"e1391-e1392"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A risk-differentiated, community-led intervention to strengthen uptake and engagement with HIV prevention and care cascades among female sex workers in Zimbabwe (AMETHIST): a cluster randomised trial.","authors":"Frances M Cowan, Fortunate Machingura, M Sanni Ali, Sungai T Chabata, Albert Takaruza, Jeffrey Dirawo, Memory Makamba, Tsitsi Hove, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Primrose Matambanadzo, Maryam Shahmanesh, Joanna Busza, Richard Steen, Raymond Yekeye, Amon Mpofu, Owen Mugurungi, Andrew N Phillips, James R Hargreaves","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00235-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00235-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female sex workers remain disproportionately affected by HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of risk-differentiated, peer-led support for female sex workers in Zimbabwe on the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission from sex among female sex workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cluster randomised, open-label, controlled study, 22 clinics dedicated to female sex workers co-located in government health facilities throughout Zimbabwe were allocated (1:1, through restricted randomisation) to usual care or AMETHIST intervention. Usual care comprised HIV testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), referral to government antiretroviral therapy (ART) services, contraception, condoms, syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections, health education, legal advice, and peer support. AMETHIST added peer-led microplanning tailored to individuals' risk and participatory self-help groups. All cisgender women (aged >18 years) who had sold sex within the past 30 days and lived or worked within trial cluster areas were eligible. Intervention status was not masked to programme implementers but was masked to survey teams and laboratory staff. After 28 months, a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey was done in the female sex worker population around each clinic, which measured the primary outcome, the combined proportion of female sex workers in the surveyed population at risk of transmitting HIV (ie, were HIV positive, not virally suppressed, and not consistently using condoms) or at risk of acquiring HIV (ie, were HIV negative and not consistently using condoms or PrEP). We report prespecified analyses of the disaggregated proportions of female sex workers in the surveyed population at risk of either transmission or acquisition of HIV. Analyses were prespecified, RDS-weighted, and age-adjusted. This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202007818077777.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The AMETHIST intervention was started on May 15, 2019, and data were collected from June 1, 2019, until Dec 13, 2021. The RDS survey was done from Oct 18 to Dec 13, 2021, with 2137 women included in the usual care group (11 clusters) and 2131 in the AMETHIST intervention group (11 clusters) after excluding survey seeds (n=132) and women with missing key data (n=44). 1973 (46·2%) of the 4268 female sex workers surveyed were living with HIV; of these, 863 (93·5%; RDS-adjusted) of 931 women in the intervention group and 927 (88·8%) of 1042 in the usual care group were virologically suppressed. 287 (22·4%) of 1200 HIV-negative women in the intervention group and 194 (15·7%) of 1096 in the usual care group reported currently taking PrEP, of whom only two (0·4%) of 569 had protective tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots (>700 fmol/dried blood punch). There was no effect of the intervention on the primary endpoint of risk of both HIV transmission and acquisiti","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"12 9","pages":"e1424-e1435"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population size, HIV prevalence, and antiretroviral therapy coverage among key populations in sub-Saharan Africa: collation and synthesis of survey data, 2010-23.","authors":"Oliver Stevens, Keith Sabin, Rebecca L Anderson, Sonia Arias Garcia, Kalai Willis, Amrita Rao, Anne F McIntyre, Elizabeth Fearon, Emilie Grard, Alice Stuart-Brown, Frances Cowan, Louisa Degenhardt, James Stannah, Jinkou Zhao, Avi J Hakim, Katherine Rucinski, Isabel Sathane, Makini Boothe, Lydia Atuhaire, Peter S Nyasulu, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Lucy Platt, Brian Rice, Wolfgang Hladik, Stefan Baral, Mary Mahy, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00236-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00236-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Key population HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa require epidemiological information to ensure equitable and universal access to effective services. We aimed to consolidate and harmonise survey data among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people to estimate key population size, HIV prevalence, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage for countries in mainland sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Key population size estimates, HIV prevalence, and ART coverage data from 39 sub-Saharan Africa countries between 2010 and 2023 were collated from existing databases and verified against source documents. We used Bayesian mixed-effects spatial regression to model urban key population size estimates as a proportion of the gender-matched, year-matched, and area-matched population aged 15-49 years. We modelled subnational key population HIV prevalence and ART coverage with age-matched, gender-matched, year-matched, and province-matched total population estimates as predictors.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We extracted 2065 key population size data points, 1183 HIV prevalence data points, and 259 ART coverage data points. Across national urban populations, a median of 1·65% (IQR 1·35-1·91) of adult cisgender women were female sex workers, 0·89% (0·77-0·95) were men who have sex with men, 0·32% (0·31-0·34) were men who injected drugs, and 0·10% (0·06-0·12) were women who were transgender. HIV prevalence among key populations was, on average, four to six times higher than matched total population prevalence, and ART coverage was correlated with, but lower than, the total population ART coverage with wide heterogeneity in relative ART coverage across studies. Across sub-Saharan Africa, key populations were estimated as comprising 1·2% (95% credible interval 0·9-1·6) of the total population aged 15-49 years but 6·1% (4·5-8·2) of people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Key populations in sub-Saharan Africa experience higher HIV prevalence and lower ART coverage, underscoring the need for focused prevention and treatment services. In 2024, limited data availability and heterogeneity constrain precise estimates for programming and monitoring trends. Strengthening key population surveys and routine data within national HIV strategic information systems would support more precise estimates.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>UNAIDS, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and US National Institutes of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"12 9","pages":"e1400-e1412"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging universal health coverage to leave no one behind in tackling AMR.","authors":"Pamela Cipriano, James Chau, Mariam Jashi, Ilona Kickbusch, Justin Koonin, Tlaleng Mofokeng, Joy Phumaphi, Magda Robalo, Akihisa Shiozaki","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00309-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00309-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"e1389-e1390"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12: e1089-90.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00273-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00273-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"e1399"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12: e1209-13.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00274-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00274-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"e1399"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}