Journal of Engineering Research最新文献_第3页

Unraveling the role of sintering temperature on physical, structural and tribological characteristics of ball milled Co28Cr6Mo biomaterial based alloy 揭示烧结温度对球磨 Co28Cr6Mo 生物材料基合金的物理、结构和摩擦学特性的影响

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.040

This work aim to investigate the effect of sintering temperature (950–1250 °C) on structural, physical, tribological properties of nanobiomaterial Co28Cr6Mo alloy for total hip prosthesis obtained by high Energy ball milled. Several techniques such as density, porosity, microhardness, and Young’s modulus were used to assess the mechanical and physical characteristics. Tribological behavior were conducted using a ball-on-plate type Oscillating tribometer, under different applied loads (2, 10 and 20 N), under a wet condition using hank’s solution to simulate human body fluid. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis results, showed that Co-Cr-Mo alloy samples sintered exhibit the same phases created by the Co element. The alloy sintered at 1250 °C displayed the highest micro-hardness value in terms of mechanical characteristics (386.75 HV_0.1. The porosity changes from 17% to 10% and endorse a higher change in Young’s modulus around 61.84 and 92.5 GPa for samples sintered beteewn 950 and 1250 °C, respectively,. A remarkable decrease in the wear rate and volume values is obtained for the sample sintered at 1250 °C (32.1610–3 μm3 (N.m)− 1) compared to other samples sintered at 1150 and 1250 °C. Under wet tribological conditions, the abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms were identified as the main degradation mechanisms for all sintered samples.

这项工作旨在研究烧结温度（950-1250 °C）对高能球磨获得的用于全髋关节假体的纳米生物材料 Co28Cr6Mo 合金的结构、物理和摩擦学特性的影响。采用密度、孔隙率、微硬度和杨氏模量等多种技术来评估其机械和物理特性。在使用汉克溶液模拟人体体液的湿润条件下，在不同的外加载荷（2、10 和 20 N）下，使用球板式摆动摩擦磨损测试仪进行了摩擦学测试。SEM、EDS 和 XRD 分析结果表明，烧结的 Co-Cr-Mo 合金样品呈现出由 Co 元素产生的相同相。在 1250 °C 下烧结的合金在机械特性方面显示出最高的显微硬度值（386.75 HV0.1）。在 950 ℃ 和 1250 ℃ 下烧结的样品，孔隙率从 17% 变为 10%，杨氏模量的变化也更大，分别约为 61.84 和 92.5 GPa。与其他在 1150 和 1250 °C 下烧结的样品相比，在 1250 °C 下烧结的样品的磨损率和体积值明显降低（32.1610-3 μm3 (N.m)-1）。在湿摩擦学条件下，所有烧结样品的主要降解机制都是磨料磨损和粘着磨损。

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引用次数: 0

Research and analysis of manipulator control method based on deep learning 基于深度学习的机械手控制方法研究与分析

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.001

Aiming at the stability and accuracy of grasping objects, this paper studies the adaptive neural network control and learning of manipulator control system with unknown system dynamics. First, a stable adaptive neural network (NN) controller is designed, and the unknown closed-loop system dynamics of the manipulator is approximated by using radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The LSTM long and short memory algorithm is introduced, and the RBF based hybrid neural network model is constructed. The LSTM algorithm is used to design the input gate, forgetting gate and output gate structures to suppress the gradient expansion problem during coordinate data training, and accurate trajectory correction instructions are given. Lyapunov stability theorem is used to analyze stability. Partial persistent excitation (PE) conditions of some internal signals in the closed-loop system are satisfied in the control process of tracking the circular reference trajectory. Under the PE condition, the proposed adaptive NN controller can accurately identify the dynamic uncertainties of the manipulator in the stability control process. Then, a new NN learning control method is proposed, which effectively uses the knowledge learned without re adapting to the unknown manipulator control system dynamics to achieve closed-loop stability and improve control performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is studied through simulation.

Keyboard

本文以抓取物体的稳定性和准确性为目标，研究了未知系统动力学的机械手控制系统的自适应神经网络控制和学习。首先，设计了一个稳定的自适应神经网络（NN）控制器，并利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络对机械手的未知闭环系统动力学进行了近似。引入了 LSTM 长短记忆算法，并构建了基于 RBF 的混合神经网络模型。利用 LSTM 算法设计了输入门、遗忘门和输出门结构，以抑制坐标数据训练过程中的梯度扩展问题，并给出了精确的轨迹修正指令。利用李亚普诺夫稳定性定理分析稳定性。在跟踪圆参考轨迹的控制过程中，满足闭环系统中某些内部信号的部分持续激励（PE）条件。在 PE 条件下，所提出的自适应 NN 控制器能在稳定性控制过程中准确识别机械手的动态不确定性。然后，提出了一种新的 NN 学习控制方法，该方法有效地利用了所学知识，无需重新适应未知的机械手控制系统动态，即可实现闭环稳定，提高控制性能。通过仿真研究了所提方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of digital architecture: The impact of digital technology on ecological formations and its effect on determinants of identity and culture in architectural design 数字建筑的影响：数字技术对生态形式的影响及其对建筑设计中身份和文化决定因素的影响

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.004

Many researches and studies focused on the concept of identity, technology, and ecology, and the effect of these systems on the ecological and morphological formation of design. Lately digital technology spread very quickly and drew an effective impact on recent designs, but the connection between this digital development and the ecological and biological formations, especially the local and Arab ones, remains vague and cryptic. In fact, preserving cultural identity is considered one of the most prominent Arab issues raised for research and study, especially in the era of globalization ‘the new world order’, which is characterized by revolution in various fields. With that being said Arab and local architecture has been greatly affected. In many cases, the style of design used in local buildings is completely random and their origin is unknown. The best surviving example is the Islamic architecture. Back in the day it was characterized by a unique style and absolute originality, but with the latest developments its characteristic features started to fade away and changed it to an essence that does not resemble it and often does not define its civilization and its historical and cultural roots in any shape or form.

许多研究都集中在身份、技术和生态的概念上，以及这些系统对设计的生态和形态形成的影响上。最近，数字技术迅速传播并对最新设计产生了有效影响，但这种数字发展与生态和生物形态（尤其是当地和阿拉伯的生态和生物形态）之间的联系仍然模糊不清。事实上，保护文化特性被认为是需要研究的最突出的阿拉伯问题之一，尤其是在以各领域革命为特征的全球化时代 "世界新秩序 "中。因此，阿拉伯和当地的建筑受到了极大的影响。在许多情况下，当地建筑所采用的设计风格完全是随意的，其起源也不为人知。现存最好的例子就是伊斯兰建筑。在过去，伊斯兰建筑具有独特的风格和绝对的原创性，但随着最新的发展，其特征开始逐渐消失，变成了一种本质上与伊斯兰建筑并不相似的建筑，而且往往无法以任何形式或形式定义其文明及其历史和文化根源。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing industry 4.0-related technologies and modern techniques for manufacturing customized products – Smart yogurt filling system 利用工业 4.0 相关技术和现代工艺生产定制产品 - 智能酸奶灌装系统

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.100144

The fulfillment of a clean environment and sustainable development goals depends on production processes. Therefore, the recent changes in industrial output caused by digitalization are quite interesting from the perspective of sustainable development. Opportunities to increase productivity, decrease waste, and transition to a more effective manufacturing system are presented by this transformation. The current study aims to examine how Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) can be advantageous for the environmental aspect of sustainable development, paying special attention to resource efficiency, efficient energy use, and transparency. IR 4.0 enabler technologies increase productivity, minimize waste, and progress toward a more efficient production system, showing the importance of evolving technologies in industrialization and mass customization. In order to observe the effects of new technologies in IR 4.0 on sustainability aspects, a case study of King Saud University's Smart Yogurt Filling System was examined using recent technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), reverse engineering, and additive manufacturing. The test and trial process reveals how these technologies might enhance sustainability in IR 4.0. Following the current study, the use of IR 4.0 enabler technologies demonstrated resource efficiency, transparency, and customer satisfaction as well as improving customer satisfaction, saving time and effort, increasing ergonomics, minimizing human interference, and enabling the delivery of customized products.

清洁环境和可持续发展目标的实现取决于生产过程。因此，从可持续发展的角度来看，数字化给工业生产带来的最新变化非常值得关注。这一转变为提高生产率、减少浪费以及向更有效的制造系统转型提供了机遇。本研究旨在探讨工业 4.0（IR 4.0）如何在可持续发展的环境方面发挥优势，并特别关注资源效率、能源高效利用和透明度。工业 4.0 使能技术可提高生产率、减少浪费并向更高效的生产系统迈进，这表明了不断发展的技术在工业化和大规模定制中的重要性。为了观察投资者关系 4.0 新技术对可持续发展的影响，我们利用物联网（IoT）、逆向工程和增材制造等最新技术，对沙特国王大学的智能酸奶灌装系统进行了案例研究。测试和试验过程揭示了这些技术可如何提高 IR 4.0 的可持续性。根据目前的研究，利用 IR 4.0 使能技术可以提高资源利用效率、透明度和客户满意度，还可以提高客户满意度、节省时间和精力、提高工效、最大限度地减少人为干扰，并实现定制产品的交付。

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引用次数: 0

Calculation and research of fundamental frequency of casing string in shale gas horizontal wells 页岩气水平井套管串基频计算与研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.026

In view of the fact that the fundamental frequency of the casing string in shale gas horizontal wells is difficult to be accurately obtained by numerical simulations and experimental methods, a research method is proposed based on the similarity model theory and the transfer matrix method. According to the similarity criterion from the similarity theory, a similarity model is established, and the similarity ratio of the natural frequency is obtained. Through the use of the transfer matrix method, the fundamental frequency of the experimental model of the casing string in horizontal wells with rigid support is analyzed, and its mathematical model is established. Through the calculation of the fundamental frequency of the experimental model and the result of the vibration experiment, the correctness of the model is verified. Besides, the fundamental frequency of a 2500 m long shale gas horizontal well casing string with 20 rigid centralizers is calculated. The calculation results show that the combination of the similarity theory and the transfer matrix method can realize the solution of the natural frequency of the casing string in large-scale horizontal wells, which is reliable, accurate and easy to be programmed.

鉴于页岩气水平井套管串的基频难以通过数值模拟和实验方法准确获得，提出了基于相似性模型理论和传递矩阵法的研究方法。根据相似性理论中的相似性准则，建立相似性模型，得到固有频率的相似比。利用传递矩阵法，分析了刚性支撑水平井套管串实验模型的基频，并建立了其数学模型。通过对实验模型基频的计算和振动实验结果，验证了模型的正确性。此外，还计算了带有 20 个刚性集中器的 2500 米长页岩气水平井套管串的基频。计算结果表明，相似性理论与传递矩阵法相结合，可以实现大型水平井套管串固有频率的求解，具有可靠、准确、易于编程等特点。

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引用次数: 0

Expired butamirate drug as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in seawater: Experimental and theoretical studies 将过期的丁胺苯丙酮药物作为海水中铝的环保型缓蚀剂：实验和理论研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.020

In this work, an expired butamirate drug (EBD) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in artificial seawater (3.5% NaCl solution). The corrosion rate was evaluated as a function of temperature and inhibitor concentrations using the electrochemical polarization technique. These data indicated that the EBD acts as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor with a slight effect on the cathodic reaction. Corrosion current densities increased with temperature and decreased with inhibitor concentration. At a temperature of 328 K and an inhibitor concentration of 24 ml/l, the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency was 84.4%. The cyclic polarization test confirmed the greater pitting resistance in the presence of butamirate drugs in solution. Adsorption studies showed that EBD adsorbed chemically on the metal surface following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Electronic microscopy showed enhancements in the surface morphology in the presence of EBD. While FTIR was used for the diagnosis of functional groups in EBD and surface corrosion products. In addition, theoretical quantum chemical calculations were used as a powerful tool to support the experimental studies.

在这项研究中，一种过期的丁胺酸盐药物（EBD）被用作人工海水（3.5% NaCl 溶液）中铝的缓蚀剂。使用电化学极化技术评估了腐蚀速率与温度和抑制剂浓度的函数关系。这些数据表明，EBD 是一种混合型缓蚀剂，对阴极反应有轻微影响。腐蚀电流密度随温度升高而增大，随抑制剂浓度升高而减小。在温度为 328 K、抑制剂浓度为 24 毫升/升时，最大缓蚀效率为 84.4%。循环极化试验证实，溶液中存在丁胺苯丙酮类药物时，点蚀阻力更大。吸附研究表明，EBD 在金属表面的化学吸附遵循 Langmuir 吸附等温线。电子显微镜显示，在 EBD 的存在下，表面形态有所改善。傅立叶变换红外光谱用于诊断 EBD 和表面腐蚀产物中的官能团。此外，量子化学理论计算也是支持实验研究的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

DDR-Based PWM technique for fixed frequency three-phase to variable frequency K-phase power conversion using QZSDMC 基于 DDR 的 PWM 技术，利用 QZSDMC 实现固定频率三相到可变频率 K 相的功率转换

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.003

This research presents a novel direct AC-to-AC topology for converting power from three phases (3φ) to five phases (5φ). The power conversion is handled by a Quasi Z Source Direct Matrix Converter (QZSDMC). This device is made up of a regular Direct Matrix Converter (DMC) and a pseudo Z-source impedance network that are serially connected. The proposed QZSDMC receives alternating current power in 3φ at a fixed voltage and frequency and outputs it in 5φ at a variable voltage and frequency to a standalone system. You can switch between buck and boost mode with a couple of switch flips. The shoot-through Duty Ratio value might help us understand the voltage transferal ratio. The authors suggested a unique control mechanism based on Direct Duty Ratio Pulse Width Modulation (DDRPWM) in this work. The method described here is only relevant when the amount of output phases is odd, not even. The paper uses MATLAB tools and experimental results to show the proposed system's operational principle in detail and prove its viability. Here, buck and boost conditions in all four quadrant modes with the proposed QZSDMC architecture, and the voltage gain constraint are addressed. It is more dependable, more efficient, and less expensive than a traditional back-to-back converter (B2BC).

本研究提出了一种新颖的交流-交流直接拓扑结构，用于将三相（3φ）功率转换为五相（5φ）功率。功率转换由准 Z 源直接矩阵转换器 (QZSDMC) 完成。该设备由一个普通的直接矩阵转换器（DMC）和一个串行连接的伪 Z 源阻抗网络组成。拟议的 QZSDMC 以固定电压和频率接收 3φ 交流电，并以可变电压和频率向独立系统输出 5φ 交流电。只需拨动几个开关，即可在降压和升压模式之间切换。直通占空比值可能有助于我们了解电压转换率。在这项工作中，作者提出了一种基于直接占空比脉宽调制（DDRPWM）的独特控制机制。本文所述方法仅适用于输出相位为奇数而非偶数的情况。本文使用 MATLAB 工具和实验结果详细展示了所提系统的工作原理，并证明了其可行性。在此，我们讨论了采用所提议的 QZSDMC 架构的所有四个象限模式中的降压和升压条件，以及电压增益约束。与传统的背靠背转换器（B2BC）相比，该系统更可靠、更高效、成本更低。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation on the tribological properties of nano-tungsten carbide coating by ESD 通过静电放电研究纳米碳化钨涂层的摩擦学特性

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.008

Nano-tungsten carbide (WC-12Co) can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the surface. The aim of this paper is to characterize the wear in WC-12Co coating on the surface of FS438 die steel using electro-spark deposition (ESD). A sliding contact experiment was conducted on a friction and wear tester using GCr15 bearing steel as friction pair. The wear loss of the coating was measured, and the wear coefficient is calculated, and a finite element model was used with the Umeshmotion subroutine to estimate the wear depth and contact stress. The results showed that the wear loss increases with the increase of the load, and the friction coefficient and the wear coefficient decrease with the increase of the speed. The simulation results showed the inner and outer contact stresses are greater than those in the central position, and the wear trend of the disc is consistent with the contact stress change trend. The wear depth in WC-12Co was numerically simulated to an acceptable accuracy.

纳米碳化钨（WC-12Co）可以提高表面的耐磨性和硬度。本文旨在利用电火花沉积（ESD）技术表征 FS438 模具钢表面 WC-12Co 涂层的磨损情况。以 GCr15 轴承钢为摩擦副，在摩擦磨损测试仪上进行了滑动接触实验。测量了涂层的磨损损耗，计算了磨损系数，并使用有限元模型和 Umeshmotion 子程序估算了磨损深度和接触应力。结果表明，磨损量随载荷的增加而增大，摩擦系数和磨损系数随转速的增加而减小。仿真结果表明，内侧和外侧的接触应力大于中心位置的接触应力，圆盘的磨损趋势与接触应力的变化趋势一致。对 WC-12Co 的磨损深度进行了数值模拟，其精度可以接受。

引用次数: 0

Framework for PPP partner selection in K-12 educational facility procurement 在 K-12 教育设施采购中选择公私伙伴关系合作伙伴的框架

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.025

Procurement procedures to select a private partner are of immense importance to the success of public-private partnerships in the K-12 education sector. The current approaches to private-partner selection mainly rely on generic evaluations of a limited number of criteria, which do not adequately address partnership risks during construction and operation or guarantee the quality of furnished educational services during the facility lifecycle. There is a crucial necessity to develop a customized method for the selection of the private partner in educational private-partnership projects. Guided by the principal author's firsthand experience as the chair of the evaluation committee, a private-partner selection framework is developed to reduce partnership risks and evaluate the quality of proposed educational public-private partnerships. To check for risk attributes and exclude high-risk partners, an early risk-reduction stage is proposed. In addition, to account for the specific nature of educational facility procurements, a technical evaluation phase that assesses design quality, functionality and facility management services is integrated into the proposal evaluation stage. The viability and effectiveness of the developed framework are validated by an application example which illustrates that the proposed risk reduction stage and the technical evaluation phase enable the selection process to be more effective, while pursuing value for money and guaranteeing the transparency of the partnership.

选择私营合作伙伴的采购程序对于 K-12 教育部门公私合作伙伴关系的成功具有极大的重要性。目前选择私营合作伙伴的方法主要依赖于对数量有限的标准进行通用评估，这些标准无法充分应对建设和运营期间的合作风险，也无法保证在设施生命周期内提供的教育服务的质量。因此，亟需为教育私立合作项目中私人合作伙伴的选择制定一套量身定制的方法。在主要作者作为评估委员会主席的亲身经历的指导下，制定了一个私人合作伙伴选择框架，以降低合作风险，评估拟议的教育公私合作项目的质量。为了检查风险属性并排除高风险合作伙伴，提出了一个降低风险的早期阶段。此外，考虑到教育设施采购的特殊性，将评估设计质量、功能和设施管理服务的技术评估阶段纳入提案评估阶段。一个应用实例验证了所开发框架的可行性和有效性，说明所建议的降低风险阶段和技术评估阶段能够使遴选过程更加有效，同时追求资金效益并保证伙伴关系的透明度。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of energy saving and indoor air quality by using a spot mixing ventilation (SMV) system in a classroom 在教室中使用定点混合通风（SMV）系统改善节能和室内空气质量

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.100147

Thermal comfort, energy saving, and room air quality are widely affected by the flow behavior in the occupied zone. In this paper, the concept of a spot mixing ventilation (SMV) system, which aims to supply cold fresh air directly to the occupant seating is developed and examined numerically for use in a typical classroom. Consequently, a proposed SMV system for the classroom was installed over each seated occupant at ceiling level. Occupant’s thermal comfort and energy enhancement were used as the main evaluation index which was employed to assess the performance of the proposed SMV system. The validated computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was employed in this examination. Four different values of supply temperature, 19 °C, 20 °C, 21 °C, and 22 °C, were examined numerically to evaluate the occupant’s thermal comfort and energy enhancement in the investigated classroom with and without using the SMV system. The results show that the SMV system can reduce the energy demanded by the cooling coil from 4.522 kW as in cases 1, and 2–1.206 kW, 0.9045 kW, and 0.603 kW as in cases 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Furthermore, the SMV system was able to improve the quality of the indoor air by supplying fresh air directly to the seated occupants. It can be concluded that using the SMV concept can provide a significant enhancement in indoor thermal comfort and save more energy.

热舒适度、节能和室内空气质量在很大程度上受到占用区域内流动行为的影响。本文提出了定点混合通风（SMV）系统的概念，其目的是将冷的新鲜空气直接送入使用者的座位，并对其在典型教室中的应用进行了数值研究。因此，在天花板上的每个座位上都安装了所建议的教室 SMV 系统。室内人员的热舒适度和节能效果是评估 SMV 系统性能的主要评价指标。本次研究采用了经过验证的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型。对 19 ℃、20 ℃、21 ℃ 和 22 ℃ 四种不同的供应温度值进行了数值检验，以评估在使用和未使用 SMV 系统的情况下，被调查教室内的居住者的热舒适度和能源利用率。结果表明，SMV 系统可减少冷却盘管的能耗，情况 1 为 4.522 千瓦，情况 3、4 和 5 分别为 2-1.206 千瓦、0.9045 千瓦和 0.603 千瓦。此外，SMV 系统还能通过直接向居住者提供新鲜空气来改善室内空气质量。由此可以得出结论，使用 SMV 概念可以显著提高室内热舒适度，并节约更多能源。

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引用次数: 0