Modern technology development heavily relies on nanotechnology, which has gained significant attention from researchers in recent years, particularly in finding ways to enhance heat transfer rates. One approach to addressing this issue is to use nanoparticles in host fluids to greatly improve their thermal properties. This study employed response surface methods to investigate the Walter’s B nanofluid, incorporating thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, activation energy, and thermal radiation, using the Buongiorno model to examine nanofluid properties. To reduce the formed system of flow equations into a dimensionless differential form system, appropriate variables were used. In addition, we build a dataset for the proposed multilayer perceptron neural network using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order shooting method. The study analyzed effects of flow variables on the velocity field, temperature field, and species volumetric concentration fields, and probable error correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which showed that with a high thermophoresis number, the Nusselt number is more sensitive.
{"title":"Investigating the sensitivity of nanofluid flow around a cylindrical disk: A study of Walter's B nanofluid using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks","authors":"Anum Shafiq , Andaç Batur Çolak , Tabassum Naz Sindhu , Tahani A. Abushal","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern technology development heavily relies on nanotechnology, which has gained significant attention from researchers in recent years, particularly in finding ways to enhance heat transfer rates. One approach to addressing this issue is to use nanoparticles in host fluids to greatly improve their thermal properties. This study employed response surface methods to investigate the Walter’s B nanofluid, incorporating thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, activation energy, and thermal radiation, using the Buongiorno model to examine nanofluid properties. To reduce the formed system of flow equations into a dimensionless differential form system, appropriate variables were used. In addition, we build a dataset for the proposed multilayer perceptron neural network using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order shooting method. The study analyzed effects of flow variables on the velocity field, temperature field, and species volumetric concentration fields, and probable error correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which showed that with a high thermophoresis number, the Nusselt number is more sensitive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3781-3793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.04.002
Tebogo M. Letshwiti, Mahdi Shahsavar, Amin Moniri-Morad, Javad Sattarvand
Current highwall monitoring methods are effective in tracking mass slope movements but often fail to adequately assess the dynamic impact of mining operations on highwall stability, particularly concerning the impact of rock fragmentation techniques, which can lead to structural instability and hazardous rockfall events. This study proposes a novel approach that leverages high-resolution imagery and deep learning-based U-Net segmentation model for automatic detection of cracks and fractures on highwalls in open pit mines. The developed methodology involves five key phases: obtaining high-quality imagery, pre-processing the acquired data, utilizing the U-Net image segmentation model, generating segmentation masks, and identifying cracks and fractures. Robustness testing was then conducted, comparing three U-Net model training configurations and the canny edge detector for crack segmentation. The results revealed that the model trained on a combination of original and augmented images achieved superior performance, boasting a 97 % accuracy, an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.77, and identifying cracks and fractures closely resembling the ground truth. This innovative approach not only enhances the efficiency of highwall monitoring but also minimizes the risk of hazardous incidents, thereby significantly improving safety standards and the overall impact on operational effectiveness in open-pit mining operations.
{"title":"Deep learning-based image segmentation for highwall stability monitoring in open pit mines","authors":"Tebogo M. Letshwiti, Mahdi Shahsavar, Amin Moniri-Morad, Javad Sattarvand","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current highwall monitoring methods are effective in tracking mass slope movements but often fail to adequately assess the dynamic impact of mining operations on highwall stability, particularly concerning the impact of rock fragmentation techniques, which can lead to structural instability and hazardous rockfall events. This study proposes a novel approach that leverages high-resolution imagery and deep learning-based U-Net segmentation model for automatic detection of cracks and fractures on highwalls in open pit mines. The developed methodology involves five key phases: obtaining high-quality imagery, pre-processing the acquired data, utilizing the U-Net image segmentation model, generating segmentation masks, and identifying cracks and fractures. Robustness testing was then conducted, comparing three U-Net model training configurations and the canny edge detector for crack segmentation. The results revealed that the model trained on a combination of original and augmented images achieved superior performance, boasting a 97 % accuracy, an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.77, and identifying cracks and fractures closely resembling the ground truth. This innovative approach not only enhances the efficiency of highwall monitoring but also minimizes the risk of hazardous incidents, thereby significantly improving safety standards and the overall impact on operational effectiveness in open-pit mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3595-3608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.017
Norah Kanan Al-Naser, Hashim Al-Tabtabai
The construction industry is a major contributor to Kuwait’s economy, with 7 % of the country’s whole GDP. However, this sector has experienced a significant increase in safety violations, leading to a concerning escalation in both accidents and fatalities. Despite the increase, there has been a lack of comprehensive research examining their consequences and the potential correlation with delays and cost overruns in construction projects in Kuwait. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the frequency and severity of safety violations on construction sites, as well as their temporal and economic impacts on project performance. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were conducted through semi-structured interviews of five participants and project documents, respectively. The data collected from documents were categorized through OSHA classification prior to applying SPSS to analyze the frequency and severity of violations. Time Impact Analysis was employed to assess the temporal implications, while the Local Approach was used to evaluate the cost implications. Based on OSHA standards, the frequency analysis of the 504 safety violation notices highlighted two significant areas of concern that endanger the worker’s safety and efficiency of construction activities. Scaffolds and fall protection were identified as critical issues requiring the contractor's immediate attention through frequency analysis. Both issues were observed during the assessment of violation severity, leading to work suspensions, along with concerns related to housekeeping, fire protection and prevention, and the general duty clause on construction sites. Moreover, the study concluded that scaffolds and fall protection were the leading causes of two casualties, highlighting the severe consequences of neglecting safety protocols. The impact of work suspensions on the ADFA project's completion date was evaluated using Primavera, which showed that the project's deadline remained unaffected, as suspensions were applied sequentially to individual plots rather than concurrently across multiple plots. Furthermore, the contractor faced penalties and accident-related expenses as the primary costs resulting from violations. However, 71 out of 504 safety violation notices that led to penalties indicate a significant decline in the enforcement of punitive measures. Additionally, the highest expenses were associated with incidents involving property damage and fatalities, as identified in 16 accidents through the Local Approach.
{"title":"The impact of safety violations on construction project performance: A case study of the ADFA project","authors":"Norah Kanan Al-Naser, Hashim Al-Tabtabai","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction industry is a major contributor to Kuwait’s economy, with 7 % of the country’s whole GDP. However, this sector has experienced a significant increase in safety violations, leading to a concerning escalation in both accidents and fatalities. Despite the increase, there has been a lack of comprehensive research examining their consequences and the potential correlation with delays and cost overruns in construction projects in Kuwait. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the frequency and severity of safety violations on construction sites, as well as their temporal and economic impacts on project performance. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were conducted through semi-structured interviews of five participants and project documents, respectively. The data collected from documents were categorized through OSHA classification prior to applying SPSS to analyze the frequency and severity of violations. Time Impact Analysis was employed to assess the temporal implications, while the Local Approach was used to evaluate the cost implications. Based on OSHA standards, the frequency analysis of the 504 safety violation notices highlighted two significant areas of concern that endanger the worker’s safety and efficiency of construction activities. Scaffolds and fall protection were identified as critical issues requiring the contractor's immediate attention through frequency analysis. Both issues were observed during the assessment of violation severity, leading to work suspensions, along with concerns related to housekeeping, fire protection and prevention, and the general duty clause on construction sites. Moreover, the study concluded that scaffolds and fall protection were the leading causes of two casualties, highlighting the severe consequences of neglecting safety protocols. The impact of work suspensions on the ADFA project's completion date was evaluated using Primavera, which showed that the project's deadline remained unaffected, as suspensions were applied sequentially to individual plots rather than concurrently across multiple plots. Furthermore, the contractor faced penalties and accident-related expenses as the primary costs resulting from violations. However, 71 out of 504 safety violation notices that led to penalties indicate a significant decline in the enforcement of punitive measures. Additionally, the highest expenses were associated with incidents involving property damage and fatalities, as identified in 16 accidents through the Local Approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3037-3050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.019
Johnny Salazar Cardona , Francisco Luis Gutiérrez Vela , Jeferson Arango Lopez , Fernando Moreira
The adoption of advanced technologies by older adults faces significant challenges due to the technological gap, affecting their ability to fully enjoy innovations in their daily lives. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the realm of entertainment, where technological games can offer substantial benefits to those who venture to use them. Despite the growing interest of older adults in digital games, the complexity of these technologies can hinder their adaptation and effective use. Pervasive technological games, which integrate devices such as virtual assistants, mobile sensors, and virtual reality, represent an example of these innovations. This article explores the key factors for designing game experiences with some degree of pervasiveness that are adapted to the needs and characteristics of the older population, with the aim of improving the player experience and engagement.
{"title":"Heuristics to Improve Player Experience and Playability in Pervasive Games for Older Adults","authors":"Johnny Salazar Cardona , Francisco Luis Gutiérrez Vela , Jeferson Arango Lopez , Fernando Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of advanced technologies by older adults faces significant challenges due to the technological gap, affecting their ability to fully enjoy innovations in their daily lives. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the realm of entertainment, where technological games can offer substantial benefits to those who venture to use them. Despite the growing interest of older adults in digital games, the complexity of these technologies can hinder their adaptation and effective use. Pervasive technological games, which integrate devices such as virtual assistants, mobile sensors, and virtual reality, represent an example of these innovations. This article explores the key factors for designing game experiences with some degree of pervasiveness that are adapted to the needs and characteristics of the older population, with the aim of improving the player experience and engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3198-3207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.003
Meiyu Shao , Valerii M. Pershakov , Kateryna M. Lysnytska , Olexandr I. Pylypenko , Andrii Bieliatynskyi
Deterioration of the main building funds of Ukraine, uneven development of big cities (especially their central parts, where the density of construction increases) lead to the destruction of buildings. Recently, most of the emergency situations occur due to changes in the bearing capacity of soils and bases. Uneven deformations of soils at the base of buildings and structures always lead to a decrease in their reliability and durability. Such deformations often cause building accidents, and eliminating the consequences of these accidents and ensuring the usability of existing buildings require a lot of labor and money. Soil deformations can occur as a result of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils lying under the bottom of foundations, negative geodynamic processes (increase or decrease in the level of groundwater, access to the surface of karst funnels, etc.), local moistening of unstable soils due to violation of construction technology or operating rules. Therefore, the calculation of the reliability of the building must be revised taking into account additional loads and factors. The purpose of the study is to improve the reliability calculations of the building at the design stage using the PC-LIRA.
{"title":"Calculation and evaluation of building reliability taking into account the progressive collapse","authors":"Meiyu Shao , Valerii M. Pershakov , Kateryna M. Lysnytska , Olexandr I. Pylypenko , Andrii Bieliatynskyi","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deterioration of the main building funds of Ukraine, uneven development of big cities (especially their central parts, where the density of construction increases) lead to the destruction of buildings. Recently, most of the emergency situations occur due to changes in the bearing capacity of soils and bases. Uneven deformations of soils at the base of buildings and structures always lead to a decrease in their reliability and durability. Such deformations often cause building accidents, and eliminating the consequences of these accidents and ensuring the usability of existing buildings require a lot of labor and money. Soil deformations can occur as a result of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils lying under the bottom of foundations, negative geodynamic processes (increase or decrease in the level of groundwater, access to the surface of karst funnels, etc.), local moistening of unstable soils due to violation of construction technology or operating rules. Therefore, the calculation of the reliability of the building must be revised taking into account additional loads and factors. The purpose of the study is to improve the reliability calculations of the building at the design stage using the PC-LIRA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 2895-2908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.01.008
Seung Yun Rhee , Moo-Keun Yi , Kwangsoo Kim , Youngha Yoon , Hee Chul Kim
In this study we developed a lightweight cryogenic propellant tank using carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, which have significantly higher strength-to-weight ratio compared to metals. To further reduce weight, we utilized a collapsible mandrel assembly to manufacture a one-piece tank shell without a metal liner. The tank shell layers were laid up on the outer surfaces of the total assembly including the composite mandrel assembly and the bosses. The mandrel segments in the tank were separated and extracted through the boss opening after autoclave cure. New design concepts were implemented to prevent leakage in cryogenic environments. The bosses were also made of the composite materials to eliminate thermal expansion difference between the bosses and the co-bonded composite layers of the tank shell at cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, anti-leakage composite layers were applied to some areas of the inner surfaces of the tank to block potential leak paths between the bosses and the tank shell. More detailed descriptions about these were presented in the main text. We manufactured two scaled-down all-composite tanks and conducted a series of ambient and cryogenic pressure tests to validate our all-composite tank design. The results demonstrated a sufficient margin of safety against bursting and anti-leakage capabilities even in cryogenic environments. Our research efforts can contribute to weight reduction of space launchers and lunar landers, which can directly lead to noticeable increase of the payload.
{"title":"Cryogenic performance of a novel design of all-composite propellant tank with anti-leakage capability","authors":"Seung Yun Rhee , Moo-Keun Yi , Kwangsoo Kim , Youngha Yoon , Hee Chul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we developed a lightweight cryogenic propellant tank using carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, which have significantly higher strength-to-weight ratio compared to metals. To further reduce weight, we utilized a collapsible mandrel assembly to manufacture a one-piece tank shell without a metal liner. The tank shell layers were laid up on the outer surfaces of the total assembly including the composite mandrel assembly and the bosses. The mandrel segments in the tank were separated and extracted through the boss opening after autoclave cure. New design concepts were implemented to prevent leakage in cryogenic environments. The bosses were also made of the composite materials to eliminate thermal expansion difference between the bosses and the co-bonded composite layers of the tank shell at cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, anti-leakage composite layers were applied to some areas of the inner surfaces of the tank to block potential leak paths between the bosses and the tank shell. More detailed descriptions about these were presented in the main text. We manufactured two scaled-down all-composite tanks and conducted a series of ambient and cryogenic pressure tests to validate our all-composite tank design. The results demonstrated a sufficient margin of safety against bursting and anti-leakage capabilities even in cryogenic environments. Our research efforts can contribute to weight reduction of space launchers and lunar landers, which can directly lead to noticeable increase of the payload.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3852-3861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban trams are essential to public transportation, yet abnormal wheel wear poses significant challenges to safety and maintenance. In this study, a five-year field investigation was conducted to track the wheel wear patterns of articulated low-floor trams with independently rotating wheelsets operating in two cities. In City B, the wheelset exhibited relatively uniform wear, with flange wear reaching 0.6 mm after 100,000 km and 2.0 mm after a total of 233,000 km over five years. In contrast, in City A, flange wear reached 4.2 mm after only 101,000 km—a roughly 600 % increase compared to City B—resulting in a significant reduction in flange thickness and burr formation on the flange top, while tread wear remained relatively low at 0.6 mm. Through combined field analysis and simulation, we found that optimizing guard rail parameters could reduce abnormal flange wear by up to 40 %, with flange wear depth decreasing from 0.74 mm to 0.43 mm and tread wear depth reducing from 0.29 mm to 0.19 mm after 5000 km of operation. These findings offer actionable insights for enhancing tram network safety and extending wheel lifespan through effective guard rail design.
{"title":"Optimization of abnormal wheel wear in articulated trams with independent wheelset","authors":"Maozhenning Yang, Youpei Huang, Zhangxing Huang, Huijie Zhang, Yuanjin Ji, Lihui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban trams are essential to public transportation, yet abnormal wheel wear poses significant challenges to safety and maintenance. In this study, a five-year field investigation was conducted to track the wheel wear patterns of articulated low-floor trams with independently rotating wheelsets operating in two cities. In City B, the wheelset exhibited relatively uniform wear, with flange wear reaching 0.6 mm after 100,000 km and 2.0 mm after a total of 233,000 km over five years. In contrast, in City A, flange wear reached 4.2 mm after only 101,000 km—a roughly 600 % increase compared to City B—resulting in a significant reduction in flange thickness and burr formation on the flange top, while tread wear remained relatively low at 0.6 mm. Through combined field analysis and simulation, we found that optimizing guard rail parameters could reduce abnormal flange wear by up to 40 %, with flange wear depth decreasing from 0.74 mm to 0.43 mm and tread wear depth reducing from 0.29 mm to 0.19 mm after 5000 km of operation. These findings offer actionable insights for enhancing tram network safety and extending wheel lifespan through effective guard rail design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3896-3909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.016
Carlos R. Cunha , André Moreira , Sílvia Coelho , Vítor Mendonça , João Pedro Gomes
Technology is constantly supporting in the innovation of the teaching-learning process. Today’s students are more demanding actors when it comes to the environment they have at their disposal to learn, experiment and develop their critical thinking. The area of Mathematics has successively suffered from students’ learning difficulties, whether due to lack of motivation, low abstraction ability or lack of new tools for teachers to bring innovation into the classroom and outside it. While being true that digitalization has entered schools, it often follows a basic and simple process of digital replication of approaches and materials that were previously only available on physical media. This work focuses on the use of Extended Realities, more precisely, Mixed Reality, for teaching Mathematics, and very particularly in the teaching of Geometry, through the proposition of a conceptual model that combines the use of Extended Reality and Machine Learning. The proposed model was subject to prototyping, which is presented as a form of laboratory validation as a contribution to innovate the way of how the geometry teaching-learning process is developed and to promote the integration of Extended Reality technologies into the Education Sector as practical tools, as well due to its potential use to obtain useful insights for teachers, and students, throughout the process.
{"title":"Converging extended reality and Machine Learning to improve the lecturing of geometry in basic education","authors":"Carlos R. Cunha , André Moreira , Sílvia Coelho , Vítor Mendonça , João Pedro Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technology is constantly supporting in the innovation of the teaching-learning process. Today’s students are more demanding actors when it comes to the environment they have at their disposal to learn, experiment and develop their critical thinking. The area of Mathematics has successively suffered from students’ learning difficulties, whether due to lack of motivation, low abstraction ability or lack of new tools for teachers to bring innovation into the classroom and outside it. While being true that digitalization has entered schools, it often follows a basic and simple process of digital replication of approaches and materials that were previously only available on physical media. This work focuses on the use of Extended Realities, more precisely, Mixed Reality, for teaching Mathematics, and very particularly in the teaching of Geometry, through the proposition of a conceptual model that combines the use of Extended Reality and Machine Learning. The proposed model was subject to prototyping, which is presented as a form of laboratory validation as a contribution to innovate the way of how the geometry teaching-learning process is developed and to promote the integration of Extended Reality technologies into the Education Sector as practical tools, as well due to its potential use to obtain useful insights for teachers, and students, throughout the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3121-3131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.002
Reem M. Alrashed , Sarah M. Hasan , Nayef Z. Al-Mutairi , Ikram Al-Attar
Monitoring water resources plays an important role in water pollution control. Taking Samples of the whole water body is limited in practice for many reasons such as time-consuming, cost constraints, and the situation of topography. So, the remote sensing method has been used as it provides a reasonable and feasible approach to providing water quality data. In this study, Nitrates and phosphates were assessed along Kuwait's territorial water using data from Bands reflection that was taken from remote sensing images to improve the prediction of Nitrate and Phosphate concentrations in waterbodies. The predicting algorithms have been subjected to calibration and validation by using the in-site data measured in the field from the KEPA Monitor stations. All the algorithms produced a good performance in estimating the concentration of nitrate and phosphate at the outfall sites, but the nitrate algorithms had superior performance over the phosphate algorithms. The Relative Error of the Nitrate and Phosphate Algorithm was 16.85 % and 37.79 %, respectively. One of the accuracy requirements for estimating the quality of water for the satellite imagery method is that the Relative Error should not be more than 30 %, and the accuracy of the nitrate prediction algorithms is more accepted than phosphate prediction algorithms. At last, Nitrate and phosphate were estimated at the outfall’s sites using Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The retrieval models result showed that all the Nitrate and Phosphate concentrations were above the KEPA ambient seawater quality criteria standard values which are for the Nitrate (NO3-) is equal to 0.095 milligrams per liter, and equal to 0.035 milligrams per liter for the Phosphate (PO43-). Although this case study is a particular study, the modeling procedures related to the Nitrate and Phosphate retrieval model can provide others the ability when they use the technology of satellite imagery to predict Nitrate and Phosphate for identical or different water bodies.
{"title":"Analyzing the impacts of discharges from coastal outfalls on water quality of Kuwait Bay via Landsat monitoring","authors":"Reem M. Alrashed , Sarah M. Hasan , Nayef Z. Al-Mutairi , Ikram Al-Attar","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring water resources plays an important role in water pollution control. Taking Samples of the whole water body is limited in practice for many reasons such as time-consuming, cost constraints, and the situation of topography. So, the remote sensing method has been used as it provides a reasonable and feasible approach to providing water quality data. In this study, Nitrates and phosphates were assessed along Kuwait's territorial water using data from Bands reflection that was taken from remote sensing images to improve the prediction of Nitrate and Phosphate concentrations in waterbodies. The predicting algorithms have been subjected to calibration and validation by using the in-site data measured in the field from the KEPA Monitor stations. All the algorithms produced a good performance in estimating the concentration of nitrate and phosphate at the outfall sites, but the nitrate algorithms had superior performance over the phosphate algorithms. The Relative Error of the Nitrate and Phosphate Algorithm was 16.85 % and 37.79 %, respectively. One of the accuracy requirements for estimating the quality of water for the satellite imagery method is that the Relative Error should not be more than 30 %, and the accuracy of the nitrate prediction algorithms is more accepted than phosphate prediction algorithms. At last, Nitrate and phosphate were estimated at the outfall’s sites using Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The retrieval models result showed that all the Nitrate and Phosphate concentrations were above the KEPA ambient seawater quality criteria standard values which are for the Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) is equal to 0.095 milligrams per liter, and equal to 0.035 milligrams per liter for the Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>). Although this case study is a particular study, the modeling procedures related to the Nitrate and Phosphate retrieval model can provide others the ability when they use the technology of satellite imagery to predict Nitrate and Phosphate for identical or different water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 2950-2964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.008
Khaldoun Rahal , Mohammad Alrushaidan, Abdullah Almutairi
Concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate has reduced durability, increasing the risk of corrosion in embedded steel reinforcement. Replacing steel bars with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars eliminates this corrosion risk but significantly affects the structural behavior of flexural members. This study investigates the flexural behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP bars and made with recycled aggregate concrete. Eight beams were tested using a four-point loading setup. The variables in the beams were the type of coarse aggregates (natural and recycled), compressive strength of concrete (32 and 55 MPa) and ratio of longitudinal reinforcement (0.5–1.44 %). Results indicated a slight reduction in flexural strength and a considerable increase in vertical deflections due to the use of recycled concrete aggregates. However, the overall flexural behavior was not significantly affected. Comparisons between the observed results with analytical predictions showed that the ACI 440.11–22 code, the CSA S806 standard and the general flexure theory provided conservative estimates of strength for both natural aggregate concrete and recycled aggregate concrete beams. In addition, the ACI 440.11–22 code and CSA S806–12 standard provided unconservative estimates of the deflections at service load, with the CSA S806–12 standard yielding more favorable results.
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