Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.028
Atul Dhakar, Bhagat Singh, Pankaj Gupta
This paper describes an air compressor fault diagnosis method based on the acquisition of audio signals pertaining to seven faulty and one healthy condition. These audio signals are processed using Local Mean Decomposition (LMD) signal processing technique. Further, statistical indicators have been evaluated for feature extraction considering the decomposed signals. From different statistical indictors mean, variance, root mean square (RMS), root mean amplitude (RMA), absolute mean amplitude (AMA), kurtosis, peak to peak index, waveform index, peak index, impulse index, margin index, skewness, Shannon entropy, standard deviation, log energy entropy, log detector and CPT has been selected for decision tree based J48 classification algorithm. Decision tree based J48 classification algorithm more accurately identified healthy and faulty bearing state in an air compressor with the help of all statistical indicators. Data set consists of 360 instances having 17 attributes with 2 classes (healthy and bearing fault). Higher classification accuracy of J48 algorithm (96.66 %) has been obtained for healthy and faulty bearing conditions. LMD along with decision tree based J48 classification algorithm is quite suitable for processing and monitoring in situ fault features in air compressor set-up.
{"title":"Fault diagnosis of air compressor set-up using decision tree based J48 classification algorithm","authors":"Atul Dhakar, Bhagat Singh, Pankaj Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes an air compressor fault diagnosis method based on the acquisition of audio signals pertaining to seven faulty and one healthy condition. These audio signals are processed using Local Mean Decomposition (LMD) signal processing technique. Further, statistical indicators have been evaluated for feature extraction considering the decomposed signals. From different statistical indictors mean, variance, root mean square (RMS), root mean amplitude (RMA), absolute mean amplitude (AMA), kurtosis, peak to peak index, waveform index, peak index, impulse index, margin index, skewness, Shannon entropy, standard deviation, log energy entropy, log detector and CPT has been selected for decision tree based J48 classification algorithm. Decision tree based J48 classification algorithm more accurately identified healthy and faulty bearing state in an air compressor with the help of all statistical indicators. Data set consists of 360 instances having 17 attributes with 2 classes (healthy and bearing fault). Higher classification accuracy of J48 algorithm (96.66 %) has been obtained for healthy and faulty bearing conditions. LMD along with decision tree based J48 classification algorithm is quite suitable for processing and monitoring in situ fault features in air compressor set-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 1011-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.021
Enass Al Feki , Jamel Neji
In recent years, there is gradual increase in the needs for private vehicle ownership in Libya due to the lack and poor public transportation infrastructure which results in the growth of road traffic accidents (RTAs), particularly in Tripoli. Therefore, in order to evaluate RTAs, the current study used a systematic method that looks at three variables: the driver, the vehicle, and urban conditions. Besides, in order to explore the causes and factors that contribute to RTAs in the city, the current study used multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression analysis to examine the data of 1) drivers and 2) vehicles involved in accidents, and 3) RTAs reported between 2015 and 2019 on twelve major urban roads in Tripoli. The findings show that each of the 12 chosen routes had a severity index (SI) above 10 and that RTAs regularly happened on those roads. RTAs most commonly happened as a result of driver negligence, which included speeding, being careless, failing to give priority, using a phone while driving, and negotiating bends incorrectly. While the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that increasing the width of the road median, crosswalks, and pedestrian bridges as well as the number of lanes and traffic signs would significantly increase road traffic safety (RTS), by following the distinct RTA-related factors such as sign boards on each road. A reduction in RTA frequency in Tripoli might be achieved by enhancing driver education and risk perception (drivers should maintain a high degree of awareness, refrain from distractions, respect traffic rules, and modify their driving style to the conditions of the road as well as their own physical and mental health), as the majority of RTAs there are caused by speeding and inattention, and by improving the nation's road infrastructure. The current study helps to design the policy of creating and putting into practice a systematic approach for safer roads in Tripoli.
{"title":"Statistical modelling to assessing and enhancing road traffic safety in Tripoli, Libya: A systematic approach","authors":"Enass Al Feki , Jamel Neji","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there is gradual increase in the needs for private vehicle ownership in Libya due to the lack and poor public transportation infrastructure which results in the growth of road traffic accidents (RTAs), particularly in Tripoli. Therefore, in order to evaluate RTAs, the current study used a systematic method that looks at three variables: the driver, the vehicle, and urban conditions. Besides, in order to explore the causes and factors that contribute to RTAs in the city, the current study used multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression analysis to examine the data of 1) drivers and 2) vehicles involved in accidents, and 3) RTAs reported between 2015 and 2019 on twelve major urban roads in Tripoli. The findings show that each of the 12 chosen routes had a severity index (SI) above 10 and that RTAs regularly happened on those roads. RTAs most commonly happened as a result of driver negligence, which included speeding, being careless, failing to give priority, using a phone while driving, and negotiating bends incorrectly. While the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that increasing the width of the road median, crosswalks, and pedestrian bridges as well as the number of lanes and traffic signs would significantly increase road traffic safety (RTS), by following the distinct RTA-related factors such as sign boards on each road. A reduction in RTA frequency in Tripoli might be achieved by enhancing driver education and risk perception (drivers should maintain a high degree of awareness, refrain from distractions, respect traffic rules, and modify their driving style to the conditions of the road as well as their own physical and mental health), as the majority of RTAs there are caused by speeding and inattention, and by improving the nation's road infrastructure. The current study helps to design the policy of creating and putting into practice a systematic approach for safer roads in Tripoli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 659-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.031
Mohamad A. Alkhalidi , Sarah M. Hasan , Badreyah F. Almarshed
Shallow bays, valued for their environmental, economic, and social significance, face increasing threats from anthropogenic stressors, primarily wastewater discharge through coastal outfalls. The slow tidal currents in these bays hinder the effective dispersion of pollutants to deeper waters, exacerbating their impact. This study assesses the spatial effects of wastewater and brine discharges on Sulaibikhat Bay's water quality. The approach combines fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and statistical techniques to identify pollutant types, sources, and concentrations near outfalls, nearshore, and offshore areas. Throughout the study, high water temperatures were observed consistently, exceeding 30 °C in summer and 18.6 °C in winter near most outfalls, with a maximum deviation from the ambient water of 11.1 °C recorded in December. In addition to elevated electrical conductivity (EC) levels peaking at 60,700 μs/cm, these elevated temperatures significantly reduce dissolved oxygen levels and have been linked to fish kill events in the Bay. NH3-N, TSS, COD, BOD5, FC, and FS concentrations exceeded allowable limits in 56.4 %, 92.25 %, 40.30 %, 32.1 %, 70 %, and 63.36 % of samples, respectively, often reaching extreme levels. Also, the BOD5/COD ratios suggest the presence of non-biodegradable organic matter, mainly from industrial sewage, and the FC/FS levels implicate human and animal waste. These results indicate a mix of domestic, industrial, and commercial wastewater discharges and underscore the severe threat coastal outfalls pose to ecosystem health and water quality in Sulaibikhat Bay. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) delineate two distinct environmental zones with varying characteristics and contamination levels, necessitating expanded monitoring. Finally, substantial field research, numerical modeling, and establishing a sustainable environmental management system are needed to protect this fragile ecosystem. Also, converting outfalls into offshore may mitigate the environmental status of the bay by enhancing pollutant dilution and dispersion.
{"title":"Assessing coastal outfall impact on shallow enclosed bays water quality: Field and statistical analysis","authors":"Mohamad A. Alkhalidi , Sarah M. Hasan , Badreyah F. Almarshed","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow bays, valued for their environmental, economic, and social significance, face increasing threats from anthropogenic stressors, primarily wastewater discharge through coastal outfalls. The slow tidal currents in these bays hinder the effective dispersion of pollutants to deeper waters, exacerbating their impact. This study assesses the spatial effects of wastewater and brine discharges on Sulaibikhat Bay's water quality. The approach combines fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and statistical techniques to identify pollutant types, sources, and concentrations near outfalls, nearshore, and offshore areas. Throughout the study, high water temperatures were observed consistently, exceeding 30 °C in summer and 18.6 °C in winter near most outfalls, with a maximum deviation from the ambient water of 11.1 °C recorded in December. In addition to elevated electrical conductivity (EC) levels peaking at 60,700 μs/cm, these elevated temperatures significantly reduce dissolved oxygen levels and have been linked to fish kill events in the Bay. NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TSS, COD, BOD5, FC, and FS concentrations exceeded allowable limits in 56.4 %, 92.25 %, 40.30 %, 32.1 %, 70 %, and 63.36 % of samples, respectively, often reaching extreme levels. Also, the BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD ratios suggest the presence of non-biodegradable organic matter, mainly from industrial sewage, and the FC/FS levels implicate human and animal waste. These results indicate a mix of domestic, industrial, and commercial wastewater discharges and underscore the severe threat coastal outfalls pose to ecosystem health and water quality in Sulaibikhat Bay. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) delineate two distinct environmental zones with varying characteristics and contamination levels, necessitating expanded monitoring. Finally, substantial field research, numerical modeling, and establishing a sustainable environmental management system are needed to protect this fragile ecosystem. Also, converting outfalls into offshore may mitigate the environmental status of the bay by enhancing pollutant dilution and dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 704-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.022
Xiangfeng Liu , Miao Xu
Small-scale physical model testing can be applied to calibrate a computational building energy model based on the acquired reliable thermal performance data. The calibration approach using a small-scale physical model is a rigorous and cost effective means in order to do an accurate full-scale building energy simulation. It is meaningful to reveal the correlation of the thermal performance between a full-scale building and its scale model, so that the data from a small-scale model testing can be scalable to predict the performance of a full-scale building. The purpose of the research is to investigate the correlations reflecting the comparative thermal performance of a full-scale building against its scale model with identical constructions and geometrical similarity. More than ninety thousand scenarios about the typical target building zones and their corresponding scale models were generated via the parametric energy modeling and simulation approach. Then, the typical thermal performance indicator of each building zone, i.e. the zone mean air temperature (ZMAT), was obtained. The result shows that the zone mean air temperature difference between the target building and its scale model is a time dependent variable with the diurnal cycle. Compared with a fixed scale model, the bigger building causes the larger variation of zone mean air temperature difference. Furthermore, it also indicates that the zone mean air temperature difference can be approximated by a logarithmic regression function as , where A and B are empirical coefficients associated with climate, building form, material and construction, as well as window-to-wall ratio. In engineering practice, the outcomes of the research are applicable for thermal performance estimation and energy model calibration of full-scale buildings, especially for a planned building with the available material and construction samples, but without the determined or reliable thermal performance data for the building.
{"title":"Thermal performance study of buildings and their corresponding scale models with identical constructions and geometrical similarity","authors":"Xiangfeng Liu , Miao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale physical model testing can be applied to calibrate a computational building energy model based on the acquired reliable thermal performance data. The calibration approach using a small-scale physical model is a rigorous and cost effective means in order to do an accurate full-scale building energy simulation. It is meaningful to reveal the correlation of the thermal performance between a full-scale building and its scale model, so that the data from a small-scale model testing can be scalable to predict the performance of a full-scale building. The purpose of the research is to investigate the correlations reflecting the comparative thermal performance of a full-scale building against its scale model with identical constructions and geometrical similarity. More than ninety thousand scenarios about the typical target building zones and their corresponding scale models were generated via the parametric energy modeling and simulation approach. Then, the typical thermal performance indicator of each building zone, i.e. the zone mean air temperature (ZMAT), was obtained. The result shows that the zone mean air temperature difference between the target building and its scale model is a time dependent variable with the diurnal cycle. Compared with a fixed scale model, the bigger building causes the larger variation of zone mean air temperature difference. Furthermore, it also indicates that the zone mean air temperature difference can be approximated by a logarithmic regression function as <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>Ln</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>SF</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, where A and B are empirical coefficients associated with climate, building form, material and construction, as well as window-to-wall ratio. In engineering practice, the outcomes of the research are applicable for thermal performance estimation and energy model calibration of full-scale buildings, especially for a planned building with the available material and construction samples, but without the determined or reliable thermal performance data for the building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 599-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.006
María-Verónica Seminario-Morales , María-Gregoria Sánchez-Prieto , Nestor Cuba Carbajal , Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta , Yersi-Luis Huamán-Romaní
This article introduces a novel approach to scheduling the autonomous energy system (AES) by taking into account both technical and economic considerations. To enhance the performance of the system during operation, demand management is proposed. This involves offering bid prices to consumers in order to reduce demand during emergencies. The study aims to achieve multiple objectives, including minimizing operational costs and improving voltage indices, through the use of multi-objective modeling. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize this multi-objective problem. The fuzzy max-min method is then applied to obtain the desired optimal solution from the set of non-dominated solutions. To demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy, two case studies are conducted on the 33 bus IEEE test system. The participation of demand management by consumers leads to improving operational costs and voltage indices by 6.12%% and 20% in comparison with non-participation of the consumers.
{"title":"Smart demand management based on economic and technical objective functions in the autonomous energy system","authors":"María-Verónica Seminario-Morales , María-Gregoria Sánchez-Prieto , Nestor Cuba Carbajal , Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta , Yersi-Luis Huamán-Romaní","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a novel approach to scheduling the autonomous energy system (AES) by taking into account both technical and economic considerations. To enhance the performance of the system during operation, demand management is proposed. This involves offering bid prices to consumers in order to reduce demand during emergencies. The study aims to achieve multiple objectives, including minimizing operational costs and improving voltage indices, through the use of multi-objective modeling. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize this multi-objective problem. The fuzzy max-min method is then applied to obtain the desired optimal solution from the set of non-dominated solutions. To demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy, two case studies are conducted on the 33 bus IEEE test system. The participation of demand management by consumers leads to improving operational costs and voltage indices by 6.12%% and 20% in comparison with non-participation of the consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 859-866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139828251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to remove micro pollutants such as estrogens efficiently from wastewater, it is often recommended that conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) be retrofitted with an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for post-treatment purposes. This study examined the effects of electron beam (EB) absorbed dose on the removal of estrogens from biologically treated wastewater. Known concentrations of E1, E2, E3 and EE2 (0.2, 0.5, 5.0 and 10 µg/l) were spiked into samples obtained from a municipal wastewater plant, which were then irradiated with EB doses of 0.2, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 kGy. Levels of estrogen after irradiation were analyzed using the liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the results obtained, the concentration of estrogens decreased steadily with an increasing absorbed dose up to 2 kGy. However, there was no significant increase in estrogen removal at EB doses above 2 kGy. It is estimated that the removals of the different types of estrogen are ranged from 86 % to 99 %. E2 was found to be the fastest estrogen to be degraded, followed by E3, EE2, and E1.
{"title":"Effect of electron beam irradiation on estrogens removal from treated wastewater","authors":"Abdallah Abusam , Talat Saeed , Adel Al-Haddad , Rashed Al-Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to remove micro pollutants such as estrogens efficiently from wastewater, it is often recommended that conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) be retrofitted with an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for post-treatment purposes. This study examined the effects of electron beam (EB) absorbed dose on the removal of estrogens from biologically treated wastewater. Known concentrations of E1, E2, E3 and EE2 (0.2, 0.5, 5.0 and 10 µg/l) were spiked into samples obtained from a municipal wastewater plant, which were then irradiated with EB doses of 0.2, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 kGy. Levels of estrogen after irradiation were analyzed using the liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the results obtained, the concentration of estrogens decreased steadily with an increasing absorbed dose up to 2 kGy. However, there was no significant increase in estrogen removal at EB doses above 2 kGy. It is estimated that the removals of the different types of estrogen are ranged from 86 % to 99 %. E2 was found to be the fastest estrogen to be degraded, followed by E3, EE2, and E1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 641-644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.020
R. Sivaraman , Biju Theruvil Sayed , Oriza Candra , Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra , Iskandar Muda , Mohaimen Al-Thamir , Ibrahim H. Al-Kharsan
This paper focuses on optimizing the energy of a stand-alone energy grid by incorporating energy storages and demand side participation. The increasing popularity of energy storage systems and demand side participation is mainly attributed to their advantages, such as the ease of distribution in electrical networks and operational flexibility during critical periods. The main objective functions of the model involve optimizing the stand-alone electrical grid by maximizing efficiency and minimizing energy costs. The efficiency is modelled by energy not supplied. The costs of energy consumption are represented by the fuel costs consumed by resources. To encourage consumers to reduce their demand during peak times, an incentive approach is suggested for their participation. Additionally, a hydrogen storage system is operated in the stand-alone energy grid to enhance the primary objectives. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize energy usage and solve objective functions. Numerical simulations are conducted in two case studies to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of energy optimization when incorporating storage system and consumers. The case studies based on non-participation and participation of the storage system and consumers in the energy management are implemented. With participation of the storage system and consumers, efficiency and energy costs are improved by 3% and 29.8% than non-participation of them.
{"title":"Operation of the stand-alone electrical system based on optimal energy management","authors":"R. Sivaraman , Biju Theruvil Sayed , Oriza Candra , Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra , Iskandar Muda , Mohaimen Al-Thamir , Ibrahim H. Al-Kharsan","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on optimizing the energy of a stand-alone energy grid by incorporating energy storages and demand side participation. The increasing popularity of energy storage systems and demand side participation is mainly attributed to their advantages, such as the ease of distribution in electrical networks and operational flexibility during critical periods. The main objective functions of the model involve optimizing the stand-alone electrical grid by maximizing efficiency and minimizing energy costs. The efficiency is modelled by energy not supplied. The costs of energy consumption are represented by the fuel costs consumed by resources. To encourage consumers to reduce their demand during peak times, an incentive approach is suggested for their participation. Additionally, a hydrogen storage system is operated in the stand-alone energy grid to enhance the primary objectives. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize energy usage and solve objective functions. Numerical simulations are conducted in two case studies to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of energy optimization when incorporating storage system and consumers. The case studies based on non-participation and participation of the storage system and consumers in the energy management are implemented. With participation of the storage system and consumers, efficiency and energy costs are improved by 3% and 29.8% than non-participation of them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 832-839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.017
Mohamed Salem , Richard Kirkham , Ruqaya Al-Sabah , Samara Chebli
Purpose
Amidst the global upheaval, Kuwait's construction industry confronts unique challenges, serving as a microcosm for pandemic-induced disruptions examined in this study. This research offers a pivotal analysis of COVID-19's disruptive impact on Kuwait's construction projects, enriched with comparative global insights to bolster industry adaptability and recovery strategies.
Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-method approach involving a systematic literature review and 17 semi-structured in-depth interviews with construction experts, including contractors and suppliers from construction industry in Kuwait.
Findings
The findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, construction projects faced numerous challenges, including government-imposed lockdowns, increased safety measures, and a fear of infection among workers, leading to delays and increased overhead costs. Post-pandemic recovery strategies highlighted in the interviews include strict adherence to health guidelines, visa extensions for laborers, additional hiring, and embracing digital transformation to enhance productivity. However, the high costs of technology and a need for more skilled personnel have hindered digital adoption in the construction industry.
Practical implications
Practical implications for moving forward emphasize government financial support and incentives to aid the construction sector's recovery and advancement in the post-pandemic economy. Government institutions and stakeholders developed and executed a number of approaches and measures to successfully address the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on the Kuwaiti construction sector.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to a paucity in evidence on the impact of pre and post COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the Kuwaiti construction sector. The study used a mixed method research using systematic literature review and qualitative study. This is the first study that qualitatively investigate the effect of the pandemic on construction projects in Kuwait.
{"title":"COVID-19 and the construction sector: Impacts and an agenda for post-pandemic policy in the context of Kuwait","authors":"Mohamed Salem , Richard Kirkham , Ruqaya Al-Sabah , Samara Chebli","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Amidst the global upheaval, Kuwait's construction industry confronts unique challenges, serving as a microcosm for pandemic-induced disruptions examined in this study. This research offers a pivotal analysis of COVID-19's disruptive impact on Kuwait's construction projects, enriched with comparative global insights to bolster industry adaptability and recovery strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><div>A mixed-method approach involving a systematic literature review and 17 semi-structured in-depth interviews with construction experts, including contractors and suppliers from construction industry in Kuwait.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, construction projects faced numerous challenges, including government-imposed lockdowns, increased safety measures, and a fear of infection among workers, leading to delays and increased overhead costs. Post-pandemic recovery strategies highlighted in the interviews include strict adherence to health guidelines, visa extensions for laborers, additional hiring, and embracing digital transformation to enhance productivity. However, the high costs of technology and a need for more skilled personnel have hindered digital adoption in the construction industry.</div></div><div><h3>Practical implications</h3><div>Practical implications for moving forward emphasize government financial support and incentives to aid the construction sector's recovery and advancement in the post-pandemic economy. Government institutions and stakeholders developed and executed a number of approaches and measures to successfully address the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on the Kuwaiti construction sector.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>This paper contributes to a paucity in evidence on the impact of pre and post COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the Kuwaiti construction sector. The study used a mixed method research using systematic literature review and qualitative study. This is the first study that qualitatively investigate the effect of the pandemic on construction projects in Kuwait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 719-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139306253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.003
Vikneswary Rajendaren, Syed M. Saufi, M.A.K.M. Zahari
The porosity of the membrane support plays a crucial role in the performance and efficiency of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) process. The formation of pores and the membrane porosity value can be improved by adding a pore-forming agent in the dope solution during membrane manufacturing. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pore-forming additives such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 200, PEG 20,000, lithium chloride, Tween-80, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP 10,000) on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane properties and their performance in the separation of levulinic acid (LA) using the SLM method. The morphology, contact angle, porosity, and tensile strength of the membrane were evaluated. Among the pore-forming agents tested, PEG 200 emerged as the most effective in inducing a sponge-like structural wall in the PES membrane. It achieved a remarkable porosity level of 87.1%, displaying contact angles of 81.2° and 98° at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively, as well as a high tensile strength of 1032.88 kPa. The membrane achieved the highest extraction of 8.92 g/L LA in the SLM process using a 10 g/L LA aqueous feed solution.
{"title":"Effect of pore forming agents on the properties and performance of the supported liquid membrane for levulinic acid separation","authors":"Vikneswary Rajendaren, Syed M. Saufi, M.A.K.M. Zahari","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The porosity of the membrane support plays a crucial role in the performance and efficiency of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) process. The formation of pores and the membrane porosity value can be improved by adding a pore-forming agent in the dope solution during membrane manufacturing. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pore-forming additives such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 200, PEG 20,000, lithium chloride, Tween-80, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP 10,000) on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane properties and their performance in the separation of levulinic acid (LA) using the SLM method. The morphology, contact angle, porosity, and tensile strength of the membrane were evaluated. Among the pore-forming agents tested, PEG 200 emerged as the most effective in inducing a sponge-like structural wall in the PES membrane. It achieved a remarkable porosity level of 87.1%, displaying contact angles of 81.2° and 98° at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively, as well as a high tensile strength of 1032.88 kPa. The membrane achieved the highest extraction of 8.92 g/L LA in the SLM process using a 10 g/L LA aqueous feed solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 616-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.015
Maher Alrashed, Oualid Hamdaoui
In the literature, the modeling of the sonolytic decomposition kinetics of organic contaminants in water has been carried out using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations. The results obtained with this method are totally biased because it requires the assumption of the order of the degradation reaction, which is a real limitation, and the sonochemical oxidation mechanism is a very complex phenomenon that cannot be described by such simple models. In this paper, for the first time, the true order of the sonochemical degradation kinetics of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions at various initial substrate concentrations was determined using the half-lives method combined with the general rate law model, i.e., the pseudo-nth order equation. Linear and nonlinear regression techniques were used to determine the order of the sonolytic destruction reaction. The half-life technique for the general rate law model can adequately describe the experimental results of the sono-destruction of the investigated pollutants. For rhodamine B and naphthol blue black, the sono-destruction mechanism for both contaminants does not change as the initial contaminant concentration varies over the range examined, while for 4-isopropylphenol and furosemide, the sono-destruction mechanism changes as the initial substrate concentration varies. A fractional order of the sonolytic destruction reaction was determined for all the pollutants tested. These fractional orders of sono-destruction reactions indicate the complex nature and behavior of the reactions, often involving multiple steps or mechanisms. They also reveal a more complex interaction between pollutant concentration and sonolytic destruction rate. In a word, the method developed in this paper should be used to determine the real order of the sono-oxidation reaction of nonvolatile organic pollutants in aqueous phase.
{"title":"True order determination of sonochemical degradation kinetics of organic contaminants in water using the half-lives method","authors":"Maher Alrashed, Oualid Hamdaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the literature, the modeling of the sonolytic decomposition kinetics of organic contaminants in water has been carried out using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations. The results obtained with this method are totally biased because it requires the assumption of the order of the degradation reaction, which is a real limitation, and the sonochemical oxidation mechanism is a very complex phenomenon that cannot be described by such simple models. In this paper, for the first time, the true order of the sonochemical degradation kinetics of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions at various initial substrate concentrations was determined using the half-lives method combined with the general rate law model, i.e., the pseudo-nth order equation. Linear and nonlinear regression techniques were used to determine the order of the sonolytic destruction reaction. The half-life technique for the general rate law model can adequately describe the experimental results of the sono-destruction of the investigated pollutants. For rhodamine B and naphthol blue black, the sono-destruction mechanism for both contaminants does not change as the initial contaminant concentration varies over the range examined, while for 4-isopropylphenol and furosemide, the sono-destruction mechanism changes as the initial substrate concentration varies. A fractional order of the sonolytic destruction reaction was determined for all the pollutants tested. These fractional orders of sono-destruction reactions indicate the complex nature and behavior of the reactions, often involving multiple steps or mechanisms. They also reveal a more complex interaction between pollutant concentration and sonolytic destruction rate. In a word, the method developed in this paper should be used to determine the real order of the sono-oxidation reaction of nonvolatile organic pollutants in aqueous phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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