Journal of Engineering Research最新文献_第2页

Quality of service aware improved coati optimization algorithm for efficient task scheduling in cloud computing environment 基于服务质量感知的改进Coati优化算法在云计算环境下的高效任务调度

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.024

P. Tamilarasu , G. Singaravel

The task scheduling has a potential impact on overall system performance and resource utilization in the domain of Cloud Computing. Cloud computing adopts a cloud service provider (CSP) for facilitating access and delivering services to the shared resources. Task scheduling in clouds can be attained some symmetry form which helps in achieving predominant resource optimization that includes energy efficiency and load balancing. This task scheduling process of cloud computing pertains to the problem of Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP) which can be significantly solved using the techniques of metaheuristic optimization for enhancing the job scheduling effectiveness. In this paper, an Improved Coati Optimization Algorithm-based Task Scheduling (ICOATS) is presented for addressing the issues of lengthier scheduling time, high consumptions of cost and maximized load on Virtual Machine (VM) in cloud computing environment. In this proposed ICOATS, a model for distribution and scheduling of tasks is constructed using the factors of VMs, cost and time. It further included a multi-objective fitness function which targets on minimizing makespan, and at the same time maximizing the rate of resource utilization. It established possible plan for every coati with respect to task scheduling process that aids in determining the best solution (optimal assignment of incoming tasks to VMs). It is proposed with the capability of handing the problem of premature convergence by incorporating an exploitation strategy which improving the local search potential with well-balanced trade-off amid exploration and exploitation. The simulation results of this ICOATS approach under its evaluation with the existing metaheuristic task scheduling approaches confirmed better improvement in reducing makespan, and simultaneously enhances the turnaround efficiency, success rate and availability.

在云计算领域，任务调度对系统整体性能和资源利用率有着潜在的影响。云计算通过云服务提供商(CSP)实现对共享资源的访问和服务交付。云中的任务调度可以达到某种对称形式，这有助于实现主要的资源优化，包括能源效率和负载平衡。云计算任务调度过程涉及到一个非确定性多项式问题，利用元启发式优化技术可以有效地解决该问题，从而提高作业调度的有效性。针对云计算环境下虚拟机(VM)调度时间长、成本消耗大、负载最大等问题，提出了一种基于改进Coati优化算法的任务调度(ICOATS)。在本文提出的ICOATS中，利用虚拟机、成本和时间因素构建了任务分配和调度模型。该模型还包含了一个多目标适应度函数，其目标是最小化完工时间，同时最大化资源利用率。它根据任务调度过程为每个coati建立了可能的计划，有助于确定最佳解决方案(将传入的任务最优分配给vm)。该算法通过引入一种开发策略来提高局部搜索潜力，并在勘探和开发之间实现平衡权衡，从而具有处理早熟收敛问题的能力。在与现有的元启发式任务调度方法进行评估的仿真结果表明，该方法在缩短完工时间方面有较好的改善，同时提高了周转效率、成功率和可用性。

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引用次数: 0

A network data envelopment analysis to evaluate the performance of a sustainable supply chain using bootstrap simulation 用网络数据包络分析来评估可持续供应链的绩效

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.003

Masoud Vaseei , Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr , Morteza Bazrafshan , Armin Ghane Kanafi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units (DMU) under evaluation that perform the same activity. The frontier obtained by this method is a relative frontier accessible in the real world. Due to the uncertainty of the population distribution, the accuracy of the achieved efficiency is questioned. Therefore, this research aims to present a network data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the performance of a sustainable supply chain using bootstrap simulation. In this research, using the two-step approach of data envelopment analysis and the bootstrap method, the information collected from 25 tomato paste companies for the year 2021 has been analyzed. To illustrate the proposed method, a real case study is considered in the Iranian tomato paste supply chain network. The findings showed that using definitive data, 16 companies are efficient and 9 companies are inefficient, and using bootstrap simulation data, 4 companies are efficient and 21 companies are inefficient. Using the proposed framework, the overall efficiency value has been calculated in two cases using DEA and the bootstrap model. In addition, the efficiency of the stage is calculated separately. Based on the calculated results, if a DMU is considered efficient, its efficiency score is equal to 1 in each of the stages. Otherwise, the cause of the inefficiency of each DMU is identified. Also, based on the comparisons made between the proposed model and the basic models based on sensitivity analysis, the accuracy of the proposed bootstrap-based model in introducing the number of efficient units has been better than the basic models. Therefore, the accuracy of the used method can be concluded.

数据包络分析(DEA)是一种计算被评价决策单元(DMU)执行相同活动的效率的非参数方法。该方法得到的边界是现实世界中可达的相对边界。由于人口分布的不确定性，使得所得效率的准确性受到质疑。因此，本研究旨在提出一个网络数据包络分析模型，利用bootstrap模拟来评估可持续供应链的绩效。本研究采用数据包络分析的两步方法和自举法，对25家番茄酱公司收集的2021年信息进行了分析。为了说明所提出的方法，以伊朗番茄酱供应链网络为例进行了实际案例研究。研究结果表明，使用确定性数据，16家公司是高效的，9家公司是低效的;使用bootstrap模拟数据，4家公司是高效的，21家公司是低效的。在此框架下，利用DEA和bootstrap模型计算了两种情况下的总效率值。此外，还单独计算了该阶段的效率。根据计算结果，如果认为某个DMU是高效的，则其在每个阶段的效率得分为1。否则，将识别每个DMU效率低下的原因。通过与基于灵敏度分析的基本模型的比较，发现基于自举的模型在引入有效机组数方面的准确性优于基本模型。由此可以得出所采用方法的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing eco-concrete performance through synergistic integration of sugarcane, metakaolin, and crumb rubber: Experimental investigation and response surface optimization 通过甘蔗、偏高岭土和橡胶屑的协同整合提高生态混凝土的性能:实验研究和响应面优化

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.009

Uday Waghe , Dhiraj Agrawal , Khalid Ansari , Monali Wagh , Mugahed Amran , Badr T. Alsulami , Hassan M. Maqbool , Yaser Gamil

Sustainable construction has gained paramount importance due to the consideration of the devastating effects of construction activities on the environment. Researchers are exploring innovative approaches to mitigate the carbon footprint and enhance the durability of concrete. In order to regulate the demand and cost of concrete constituents, such as cement and sand, there is a need to invent alternative materials and utilize various industrial and agricultural wastes instead of concrete ingredients, either partially or completely. The experimental investigation and optimization of eco-concrete composites by integrating sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), metakaolin (MK), and crumb rubber (CR) are cutting-edge research areas that aim to develop environmentally friendly and high-performance concrete materials. The present research work has attempted to utilize SCBA up to 15% by weight of cement with an increment of 5%, MK as a fractional exchange of cement up to 15% with 5% intervals, and CR was utilized as fractional volumetric substitution of sand from 0% to 15% in concrete. Different sets of combinations were evaluated to identify effects on density, workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and microstructural properties. This study has obtained satisfactory results when compared to the control concrete for 10% substitution of cement with MK and 10% substitution of cement with SCBA, along with a 10% replacement of fine aggregate (i.e., sand) with CR. The results were analyzed and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which illuminated a strong correlation between experimental findings and RSM models, with an R squared (R2) value of 0.9580. The experimental findings and RSM models showed a significant correlation. The increment in the substitution of sand with CR resulted in a decline in strength, and it can be controlled by adopting different effective pretreatment techniques for CR.

由于考虑到建筑活动对环境的破坏性影响，可持续建筑变得至关重要。研究人员正在探索创新的方法来减少碳足迹，提高混凝土的耐久性。为了调节混凝土成分的需求和成本，如水泥和沙子，有必要发明替代材料和利用各种工业和农业废物代替混凝土成分，部分或全部。以甘蔗渣灰(SCBA)、偏高岭土(MK)、橡胶屑(CR)为原料的生态混凝土复合材料的实验研究与优化是开发环保型高性能混凝土材料的前沿研究领域。目前的研究工作试图利用SCBA达到水泥重量的15%，增量为5%，MK作为水泥的分数交换，以5%的间隔达到15%，CR作为混凝土中沙子的分数体积替代，从0%到15%。评估了不同组合对密度、可加工性、抗压强度、劈裂拉伸强度、抗弯强度和微观结构性能的影响。与对照混凝土中MK替代水泥10%、SCBA替代水泥10%、CR替代细骨料(即砂)10%的试验结果相比，本研究取得了满意的结果。采用响应面法(RSM)对试验结果进行了分析和优化，结果表明实验结果与RSM模型具有较强的相关性，R2值为0.9580。实验结果与RSM模型呈显著相关。CR替代砂量的增加导致强度下降，可通过采用不同有效的CR预处理技术加以控制。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing data phishing risks associated with unencrypted apps on smartphones with non-parametric test and random forest model: Insights from Kuwait phishing scam calls 使用非参数测试和随机森林模型评估智能手机上未加密应用的数据网络钓鱼风险:来自科威特网络钓鱼诈骗电话的见解

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.017

Gishma Paulson

The outbreak of covid-19 has helped M-commerce to strengthen its roots and helped to increase the number of customers in different industries. Likewise, Electronics product companies also developed M-commerce platforms such as mobile applications (Apps) regardless of their website to sell their products based on customers’ interests and likes. In order to create personalized and targeted marketing strategies, companies collect data from users of M-commerce platforms. For this, they have taken the data from the Handheld device users who installed the companies’ applications with or without the consent of the users which raises ethical concerns related to privacy and security. Unlike other studies this research explores the reason of increased data phishing cases in Kuwait from 2020 and the findings are supported by statistics using machine learning and python language. This paper examines the ethical implications-data phishing chances from users if M-commerce platforms of electronics Apps which are data unencrypted installed in the smartphones. The study employs a mixed-methods approach that includes semi-structured interviews with industry experts and customers, Checking the M-commerce Data privacy details, and analysis of relevant literature. Using the study's survey findings, the hypothesis was tested and a machine learning model was developed that predicts the likelihood of data theft when two specific apps are installed on a smartphone. The research pointed out that the null hypothesis is true and there is approximately 82% of chance if the smart phone users installs data unencrypted apps in the device.

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发帮助移动商务巩固了根基，并帮助增加了不同行业的客户数量。同样，电子产品公司也开发了移动商务平台，如移动应用程序(Apps)，根据客户的兴趣和喜好销售产品，而不考虑他们的网站。为了创建个性化和有针对性的营销策略，公司从移动商务平台的用户那里收集数据。为此，他们从安装了公司应用程序的手持设备用户那里获取了数据，无论用户是否同意，这引发了与隐私和安全相关的道德担忧。与其他研究不同，本研究探讨了科威特从2020年起数据网络钓鱼案件增加的原因，研究结果得到了使用机器学习和python语言的统计数据的支持。本文考察了智能手机中安装数据未加密的电子应用程序的移动商务平台对用户的伦理影响-数据钓鱼机会。本研究采用混合方法，包括对行业专家和客户进行半结构化访谈，检查移动商务数据隐私细节，并分析相关文献。利用这项研究的调查结果，对这一假设进行了检验，并开发了一个机器学习模型，该模型可以预测智能手机上安装两个特定应用程序时数据被盗的可能性。该研究指出，零假设成立，智能手机用户在设备中安装数据未加密应用程序的几率约为82%。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization of agriculture waste materials as sustainable adsorbents for heavy metal removal: A comprehensive review 农业废弃物作为重金属可持续吸附剂的研究进展

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.018

Abdalrahman Alsulaili , Khalad Elsayed , Abdelrahman Refaie

Low cost-adsorbent has been a good candidate as an alternative for commercial activated carbon in the application of water treatment. As they possess the capability of adsorbing contaminants, from wastewater and their use minimizes waste in the environment. Heavy metals have been a primary water pollutant since the increase in processing and production of several materials such as steel, copper, etc. Therefore, research has been conducted on the utilization of agricultural wastes which may serve as low-price adsorbents. In this paper, four main categories of agricultural waste materials, namely nut shells/stones, hulls/husks/seed coats, agroforestry peels, and others were investigated and compared as adsorbents to remove or minimize several wastewater impurities described in previous research. The results showed that the Nut shells/stones, such as green coconut single component, demonstrate effective adsorption capacities for lead and cadmium, while hulls/husks/seed coats, including soya bean hulls and modified Lentil husk, exhibit remarkable adsorption of copper and lead. The utilization of agroforestry peels, including chemically modified orange peel and orange peel, shows promising results in the removal of cadmium and nickel. Furthermore, the cost analysis shows variations in the estimated expenses associated with the utilization of these waste materials. Agroforestry peels demonstrate slightly lower estimated expenses, while Nut shells and hulls/husks exhibit comparable cost estimates. Future research should focus on the optimization of adsorption capacities, the exploration of practical applications, and the assessment of economic feasibility for potential large-scale implementation.

低成本吸附剂已成为替代工业活性炭在水处理中应用的良好选择。由于它们具有从废水中吸附污染物的能力，并且它们的使用最大限度地减少了环境中的废物。随着钢铁、铜等材料的加工和生产的增加，重金属已成为主要的水污染物。因此，对可作为廉价吸附剂的农业废弃物进行了利用研究。本文研究了四种主要的农业废弃物，即坚果壳/核、壳/壳/种皮、农林果皮等，并将其作为吸附剂进行了比较，以去除或减少先前研究中描述的几种废水杂质。结果表明，果壳/果核(如绿椰子单组分)对铅和镉具有较好的吸附能力，而壳/壳/种皮(如大豆壳和改性扁豆壳)对铜和铅具有较好的吸附能力。农林业果皮的利用，包括化学改性的橙皮和橙皮，在去除镉和镍方面显示出良好的结果。此外，成本分析显示了与利用这些废料有关的估计费用的差异。农林用果皮的估计费用略低，而坚果壳和壳/壳的估计费用相当。未来的研究应着重于吸附能力的优化、实际应用的探索以及潜在大规模实施的经济可行性评估。

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引用次数: 0

An Artificial Intelligence based automated case-based reasoning (CBR) system for severity investigation and root-cause analysis of road accidents – Comparative analysis with the predictions of ChatGPT 基于人工智能的自动案例推理(CBR)系统，用于道路事故的严重程度调查和根本原因分析-与ChatGPT预测的比较分析

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.019

K. Venkatesh Raja , R. Siddharth , S. Yuvaraj , K.A. Ramesh Kumar

Road accidents have been progressively causing havoc in our society and certain preventive measures must be taken to reduce or possibly eliminate road accidents. The derivative of a road accident ranges from a mild injury to casualty. This research work mainly focusses on developing a novel case-based reasoning system to investigate and troubleshoot the cause of road accidents on a war-foot basis. First, the dominant attributes contributing to the cause of road accidents are identified and finalized as 28. A unique road accident dataset is developed which comprises of 1028 data collected from web resources, popular news magazines and extended further to large scale database of one-million cases by biased random number simulation. Each attribute is given a severity weightage of 1,2 and 3 for computing the net weighted score for a case in the database. Also, non-weighted scores are computed by introduction of a primary number dataset to maintain the uniqueness of the score which is further used for similarity analytics. Now, an accident news is randomly selected, and Rapid automatic keyword extraction (RAKE) schema is used as Natural language processor (NLP) for extracting the dominant keywords from the news articles. The extracted keywords are compared and further mapped into a factor-matrix comprising 28 attributes causing road accidents. Further, similarity analytics is performed to evaluate the severity scores and comparison of new cases. The system demonstrated high retrieval accuracy with all road accident cases collected from real world scenarios. This research has great prospects on troubleshooting road accident cases effectively and provides instant promising troubleshooting measures to prevent such accidents in the future. Also, the proposed framework might be useful for intelligent decision-making systems and automated driving systems. Based on the final outlook, a comprehensive framework for national road safety could be developed and passed as a valid law for implementation. Finally, the forecasted results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the predictions of Chat GPT program.

道路交通事故已经逐渐在我们的社会造成严重破坏，必须采取某些预防措施来减少或可能消除道路交通事故。交通事故的后果从轻伤到伤亡不等。本文的研究工作主要集中在开发一种新的基于案例的推理系统，以在战争基础上调查和排除道路交通事故的原因。首先，确定并最终确定了导致道路交通事故的主要属性为28。从网络资源和流行新闻杂志中收集了1028个数据，并通过有偏随机数模拟进一步扩展到百万案例的大规模数据库，建立了独特的道路交通事故数据集。每个属性的严重性权重分别为1、2和3，用于计算数据库中案例的净加权分数。此外，通过引入一个主数字数据集来计算非加权分数，以保持分数的唯一性，并进一步用于相似性分析。本文采用随机抽取事故新闻的方法，采用快速自动关键字提取(Rapid automatic keyword extraction, RAKE)模式作为自然语言处理器(NLP)，从新闻文章中提取优势关键字。将提取的关键字进行比较，并进一步映射到包含导致道路事故的28个属性的因子矩阵中。此外，进行相似性分析以评估严重性评分和新病例的比较。该系统显示出很高的检索精度，所有的道路事故案例都是从真实世界的场景中收集的。本研究对道路交通事故案例的有效排除具有重要的应用前景，为今后预防道路交通事故的发生提供及时有效的排除措施。此外，所提出的框架可能对智能决策系统和自动驾驶系统有用。根据最后的展望，可以制定一个全面的国家道路安全框架，并通过作为一项有效的执行法律。最后，将该算法的预测结果与Chat GPT程序的预测结果进行了比较。

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引用次数: 0

Empirical model and side friction factor effect on desired operating speed at horizontal curved road 经验模型和侧摩擦因数对水平弯道理想运行速度的影响

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.026

Debela Jima, Tibor Sipos

The road surface and its geometric condition affect the vehicle's desired operating speed. This paper is framed to examine an empirical model for the desired operating speed due to the variation of the side friction factor at horizontal road curvature across the design period. The minimum radius equation developed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) was used to analyze the desired operating speed at the confessed minimum radius, maximum side friction factor, and superelevation. This empirical formula indicated that speed and side friction factors had a direct relationship. Even though this empirical equation cannot define the relationship between desired speed and side friction across the design period except at the opening phase of the road, based on the research gap indicated above, this study proposes an empirical model used to explore the desired operating speed that resulted from the variation of the side friction factor across the design period. To have a structured flow of ideas, a theoretical model was used to create the approach of the specific research inquiry. For exploration purposes, this study used a maximum superelevation of 8 %, the same minimum radius, and the AASTHO recommended side friction factor. Based on the proposed empirical model, this study confirmed that the desired speed increases and decreases as side friction decreases and increases, respectively. Except that vehicular movement is in a static state, at an unrealistic side friction factor (f = 0), and at a critical zone.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental studies on performance and emission measures of a 4-stroke compression ignition engine using palm bio-diesel blended with N-butanol 棕榈生物柴油与正丁醇混合四冲程压缩点火发动机性能及排放指标试验研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.010

Bichitra Nanda Behera, Tapano Kumar Hotta

The enormous consumption of energy, stiff increase in oil prices, and customary fuel degradation contribute to massive fuel crises in most of the developed countries. Despite the mild energy disaster and extreme environmental regulations, Diesel engines pose a vital option for automobile vehicles. However, the increased Diesel emissions and the higher labor cost associated to cut down the same make the Bio-diesels blended with N-butanol a better option to resolve the fossil gasoline problems in the future. Hence, the present study highlights the performance and emission measures of a 4-stroke Compression Ignition (CI) engine using N-butanol additive (solvent) with Palm Bio-diesel. Experiments are conducted (i) with only Diesel (ii) with Palm Bio-diesel (in percentages of 10, 15, and 20) mixed with Diesel, and (iii) with N-butanol additive (considered 10% only) to the mixture of Palm Bio-diesel (in percentages of 10, 15, and 20) and Diesel. Experimental analyses are carried out in the same engine using an eddy current dynamometer. The effect of various performance parameters like Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) on the engine load (varying between 0 and 16 N) is evaluated. On the other hand, different regulated emission measures like Smoke opacity, Nitrogen Oxide (NO_x), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), and Hydrocarbons (HC) are also evaluated at the same engine loads. The idea is to identify the feasibility and potential benefits of these biofuel blends in the CI engine. Adding 10% N-butanol to Bio-diesel, the HC, CO₂, CO, and smoke opacity are reduced to a greater extent. The NO_x emissions are also controlled to a larger extent using N-butanol. Again, the BA10 (10% Palm Bio-diesel, 10% N-butanol, and 80% Diesel) has a 2% higher BTE and a 1.33% lower BSFC compared to Diesel and B10 (10% Palm Bio-diesel, and 90% Diesel). The addition of N-butanol to Diesel also helps in reducing the fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and cetane value of blended fuels and can be used as a substitute fuel for Diesel engines.

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of tensile strength of biochar filled polylactic acid composites via box-behnken design 生物炭填充聚乳酸复合材料抗拉强度的箱形设计预测

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.100142

Vianney Andrew Yiga , Michael Lubwama , Denis Karemani , Denis Bbosa , Emmanuel B.O. Olotu , Peter Wilberforce Olupot , Faith Natukunda

Most studies on tensile strength of agricultural residue biochar fiber-reinforced PLA composites make use of the one-factor at a time method, which involves changing one of the independent factors at a time while keeping others constant. A shortcoming with this technique is that it cannot consider possible interactions between parameters and does not provide the optimum combination of factors to predict the maximum tensile strength of composites. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the tensile strength of rice husks biochar fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites. Biochar loading (10, 20, and 30 wt%), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) loading (5,7.5, and 10 wt%), and biochar length (0.3,1.8, and 3.3 mm) were used to design the experiments using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). PLA composites were prepared using compression molding. Experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance and fitted to a quadratic model by using multiple regression analysis. The desirability function revealed that the values of process variables leading to optimized tensile strength (25.46 MPa) were 30 wt%, 5 wt% and 2.50 mm for biochar loading, Mg(OH)₂ loading, and biochar length, respectively. Analysis of Variance results revealed Mg(OH)₂ content and biochar content as the most significant model terms. From validation experiments, a high degree of correlation was found between the actual values and the predicted values of tensile strength, with an R² value of 0.9943. TGA results showed the combustion process took place in three main stages. Coats-Redfern method had a 0.9522 coefficient of determination value, signalling satisfactory fit of the TG data. The optimized composite was favored to format activated complex due to low energy barrier (<7 kJ/mol) between activation energy and enthalpy values.

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引用次数: 0

Simulation study of single solar cell structures based on the compositionally variable perovskite material CsSn(I1−xBrx)3 for tandem configured solar cells 基于成分可变钙钛矿材料csn (I1-xBrx)3的串联太阳能电池单体结构模拟研究。

IF 0.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.030

Hayat Arbouz

This work involves simulating the performance of a single solar cell configured TiO₂/CsSn(I_1−xBr_x)₃/Cu₂O, based on the lead-free, metallic CsSn(I_1−xBr_x)₃ perovskite absorber, whose bandgap energy is tunable as a function of its bromine content. The simulation model used takes into account the variation of the physical parameters of the absorber as a function of its composition, represented by the ratio x, and also makes it possible to obtain the photovoltaic performance of the device studied as a function of x. The state of the front interface between the ETL electron-transport layer and the perovskite absorber was evaluated as a function of (x), by calculating the conduction bandgap offset and the misfit strain. Different electron transport layers were considered. The simulation results showed that the absorber composition influences all photovoltaic parameters, and that the choice of electron transport layer is important to achieve a compromise between device performance and the correct state of the front interface. The results indicate that CdZnS and CdS ETL materials correspond to bromine absorption ratios of x = 0 and x = 0.35 for which the conduction band offset values are − 0.03 eV and 0 eV respectively and the misfit strain 0.09 and 0.057, while ZnSe and ZnS correspond to ratios of x = 0.75 and x = 1 for which the conduction band offsets are 0 eV and 0.38 eV respectively and the strain 0.056 and 0.08. Based on these results, we determined the following optimal structures: CdZnS/CsSnI₃/Cu₂O and CdS/CsSn(I_0.65Br_0.35)₃/Cu2O, which achieved yields of 18.1% and 18.5% respectively, as suitable for lower subcells with narrow bandgap energies, while the structures: ZnSe/CsSn(I_0.25Br_0.75)₃/Cu₂O and ZnS/CsSnBr₃/Cu₂O, which achieved efficiencies of 17.5% and 18% respectively, as top sub-cells with wide bandgap energies, in a tandem solar cell device. The aim is to develop highly efficient, non-toxic and stable single and tandem perovskite cells.

这项工作涉及模拟基于无铅金属csn (I1-xBrx)3钙钛矿吸收体的单个太阳能电池配置TiO2/ csn (I1-xBrx)3/Cu2O的性能，其带隙能量可作为其溴含量的函数进行调节。所使用的仿真模型考虑了吸收器物理参数随其组成的变化，用比值x表示，并且可以得到所研究器件的光伏性能随x的变化。通过计算导通带隙偏移量和失配应变，将ETL电子输运层与钙钛矿吸收器之间的前界面状态作为(x)的函数进行评估。考虑了不同的电子传递层。仿真结果表明，吸收层的组成影响着所有光伏参数，电子传输层的选择对于实现器件性能和前界面的正确状态之间的折衷至关重要。结果表明:CdZnS和CdS ETL材料对应的溴吸收比分别为x=0和x=0.35，导带偏移值分别为-0.03 eV和0 eV，失配应变分别为0.09和0.057;ZnSe和ZnS对应的溴吸收比分别为x=0.75和x=1，导带偏移值分别为0 eV和0.38 eV，应变分别为0.056和0.08。基于这些结果，我们确定了以下结构:CdZnS/ cssn3 /Cu2O和CdS/ csssn (I0.65Br0.35)3/Cu2O，分别可获得18.1%和18.5%的产率，适用于窄带隙能量的低亚电池，而ZnSe/ csssn (I0.25Br0.75)3/Cu2O和ZnS/CsSnBr3/Cu2O，分别可获得17.5%和18%的效率，作为宽带隙能量的顶级亚电池，串联太阳能电池器件。目的是开发高效、无毒、稳定的单钙钛矿和串联钙钛矿电池。

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