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Mechanical properties and service life analysis of high strength concrete using different silica fume contents in marine environment in Vietnam 在越南海洋环境中使用不同硅灰含量的高强度混凝土的力学性能和使用寿命分析
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.005
Long Khanh Nguyen , Thi Tuyet Trinh Nguyen , Sang Thanh Nguyen , Trinh Quoc Ngo , Thanh-Hai Le , Viet Quoc Dang , Lanh Si Ho

This study evaluated the durability of concrete incorporating different silica fume (SF) content and also computed the service life of this concrete in marine environments. The specimens were prepared with three different SF content (i.e. 8%, 10%, and 12% by mass of cement replaced with SF). Three water/binder ratios (0.25, 0.30, and 0.35) were used for preparing concrete specimens. The mechanical properties were assessed via compression and splitting tensile tests. The rapid chloride penetration and chloride migration experiments were employed to evaluate the durability of concrete. The results showed that the mixture with 10% SF replacement showed the best performance. The inclusion of SF not only reduced the total porosity but also refined the volume fraction of harmless and less harmful pores (< 200 nm). Consequently, the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete was improved, which in turn reduced the potential corrosion rate of reinforcement. From the results of service life prediction using Life-365 software, it is indicated that the utilization of SF for cement replacement effectively improved the corrosion resistance of steel bars in marine reinforced concrete. The service life against salt damage can be remarkably extended by substituting cement with an appropriate SF level.

本研究评估了掺入不同硅灰(SF)的混凝土的耐久性,并计算了这种混凝土在海洋环境中的使用寿命。试样采用三种不同的硅灰含量(即硅灰取代水泥质量的 8%、10% 和 12%)制备。制备混凝土试样时使用了三种水/粘合剂比率(0.25、0.30 和 0.35)。力学性能通过压缩和劈裂拉伸试验进行评估。采用氯化物快速渗透和氯化物迁移实验来评估混凝土的耐久性。结果表明,掺入 10% SF 的混合物性能最佳。掺入 SF 不仅降低了总孔隙率,还细化了无害孔隙和较无害孔隙的体积分数(< 200 nm)。因此,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性得到了提高,从而降低了钢筋的潜在腐蚀率。使用 Life-365 软件预测使用寿命的结果表明,使用 SF 替代水泥可有效提高海工钢筋混凝土中钢筋的抗腐蚀能力。用适当浓度的 SF 替代水泥,可显著延长抗盐害的使用寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies for efficient resource management in federated cloud environments supporting Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 支持基础设施即服务(IaaS)的联合云环境中的高效资源管理策略
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.031
Amani K. Samha

The increased market activity and visibility have resulted in a growing demand for additional computer resources to meet the needs of cloud clients. Delivering promised quality of service (QoS) while fulfilling diverse resource demands dynamically might be difficult for a single Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Federated cloud computing, also known as distributed cloud computing, is an established paradigm in which CSPs collaborate to aggregate unused resources, resulting in financial and QoS benefits. Notably, this strategy improves availability and reliability while overcoming individual CSP difficulties in preserving QoS amid fluctuations in resource demand. The federated cloud successfully leverages computing resources even during low-demand periods, demanding a comprehensive resource management strategy for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) inside participating CSPs. Such a strategy is crucial for preserving QoS, ensuring availability and dependability, and optimizing underutilized computing resources. This research presents the novel IaaS cloud design, revealing a unique methodology that reimagines traditional cloud systems. The proposed IaaS cloud framework investigates virtual machine migration and resource consolidation, building a strong foundation founded on IaaS principles and emphasizing the crucial role of virtualization. The technique introduces ground-breaking concepts such as Cloud User (CU) and Reputation Management, which are strengthened by specific algorithms that improve cloud service security and trust. Furthermore, the combination of Trust Manager (TM) and Broker Manager (BM) components strengthens SLA control and trust evaluation, aligning smoothly with IaaS standards to improve service quality and reliability. User Profiling, which is classified into private, social, and corporate profiles, provides a separate lens for successful cloud user management inside the IaaS landscape, allowing for customised service delivery. SMI and cutting-edge ranking algorithms, such as the Deep Q-based Algorithm, optimize cloud service provider selection and ranking—an important aspect of IaaS. The use of the Banker's algorithm and a comprehensive Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management plan provides efficient resource allocation, mirroring recognized IaaS standards. This research study not only throws light on these trailblazing techniques, but it also establishes a new standard for IaaS cloud design and resource management.

市场活动和能见度的增加导致对额外计算机资源的需求不断增长,以满足云客户的需求。对于单个云服务提供商(CSP)来说,在动态满足各种资源需求的同时提供承诺的服务质量(QoS)可能会很困难。联合云计算(又称分布式云计算)是一种成熟的模式,在这种模式下,云服务提供商通过合作来聚合闲置资源,从而获得经济和服务质量方面的优势。值得注意的是,这种策略提高了可用性和可靠性,同时克服了单个 CSP 在资源需求波动时保持 QoS 的困难。联合云即使在低需求时期也能成功利用计算资源,这就要求参与的 CSP 为基础设施即服务(IaaS)制定全面的资源管理战略。这种策略对于维护服务质量、确保可用性和可靠性以及优化未充分利用的计算资源至关重要。本研究提出了新颖的 IaaS 云设计,揭示了一种重新构想传统云系统的独特方法。所提出的 IaaS 云框架研究了虚拟机迁移和资源整合,建立了基于 IaaS 原则的坚实基础,并强调了虚拟化的关键作用。该技术引入了云用户(CU)和声誉管理等突破性概念,并通过特定算法加强了这些概念,从而提高了云服务的安全性和信任度。此外,信任管理器(TM)和经纪人管理器(BM)组件的结合加强了服务水平协议(SLA)控制和信任评估,与 IaaS 标准顺利接轨,提高了服务质量和可靠性。用户配置文件分为私人、社交和企业配置文件,为在 IaaS 环境中成功进行云用户管理提供了一个单独的视角,从而可以提供定制服务。SMI 和尖端排名算法(如基于深度 Q 的算法)可优化云服务提供商的选择和排名,这也是 IaaS 的一个重要方面。银行家算法和综合服务水平协议(SLA)管理计划的使用提供了高效的资源分配,反映了公认的 IaaS 标准。这项研究不仅揭示了这些开创性的技术,还为 IaaS 云设计和资源管理建立了新的标准。
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引用次数: 0
A novel physiological signal denoising method coupled with multispectral adaptive wavelet denoising(MAWD) and unsupervised source counting algorithm(USCA) 结合多光谱自适应小波去噪(MAWD)和无监督源计数算法(USCA)的新型生理信号去噪方法
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.016
Zhen-Yu Wang , Ze-Rui Xiang , Jin-Yi Zhi , Tie-Cheng Ding , Rui Zou

In order to improve the quality of physiological signals, a combined study of blind source separation and wavelet thresholding methods was conducted, resulting in the proposal of a multispectral adaptive wavelet denoising (MAWD) method. This method was employed in conjunction with an improved unsupervised source counting algorithm (USCA). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, three methods were used to calculate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE): soft thresholding, hard thresholding, and adaptive thresholding. The results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited strong applicability under soft thresholding. Specifically, compared to hard thresholding, the enhanced signal using soft thresholding showed an approximately 44.2% increase in SNR and a 28.8% decrease in RMSE, along with a 1.4% reduction in processing time. Moreover, when compared to adaptive thresholding, soft thresholding exhibited approximately 706% improvement in SNR, a 16.7% decrease in RMSE, and a 3.0% reduction in processing time. Multiple experiments were conducted to determine the optimal peak detection threshold range for USCA, which was found to be within the interval [0.001, 0.0001]. This range facilitated the separation of more sources, thereby enhancing the separation effectiveness and accuracy. To substantiate the effectiveness of the USCA method, tests were conducted on publicly available datasets of EMG, ECG, and EEG signals, all of which consistently demonstrated the advantages of this approach.

Data Availability

The authors do not have permission to share data.

为了提高生理信号的质量,我们对盲源分离法和小波阈值法进行了综合研究,最终提出了一种多光谱自适应小波去噪(MAWD)方法。该方法与改进的无监督源计数算法(USCA)结合使用。为了评估所提出方法的有效性,使用了三种方法来计算信噪比(SNR)和均方根误差(RMSE):软阈值、硬阈值和自适应阈值。结果表明,所提出的方法在软阈值下具有很强的适用性。具体来说,与硬阈值法相比,使用软阈值法增强的信号的信噪比提高了约 44.2%,均方根误差降低了 28.8%,处理时间缩短了 1.4%。此外,与自适应阈值法相比,软阈值法的 SNR 提高了约 706%,RMSE 降低了 16.7%,处理时间缩短了 3.0%。为了确定 USCA 的最佳峰值检测阈值范围,我们进行了多次实验,发现阈值范围在 [0.001, 0.0001] 之间。这一范围有助于分离更多的信号源,从而提高分离效果和准确性。为了证实 USCA 方法的有效性,我们在公开的肌电图、心电图和脑电信号数据集上进行了测试,所有这些数据集都一致证明了这种方法的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Designing and significantly improved TeO2-based glass system for nuclear engineering applications: Radiation shielding performance and optical transparency 为核工程应用设计并大幅改进基于二氧化钛的玻璃系统:辐射屏蔽性能和光学透明度
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025
Beriham Basha , Z.A. Alrowaili , Maryam Al Huwayz , Marzoqa. M. Alnairi , Sultan J. Alsufyani , Canel Eke , I.O. Olarinoye , M.S. Al-Buriahi

The radiation (beta particles (β), protons (1H), α-particles (He2+), carbon ions (C6+), fast neutrons (FN), and thermal neutrons (TN)) absorption parameters of 75TeO2–10MoO3–10BaO–(5-x)Sm2O3–xBi2O3 glass system were evaluated and presented along with their optical parameters in this study. The parameters were analyzed with the objective of evaluating the role of Sm and Bi atoms in altering the optical and radiation characteristics of the glass system. Starting with high-purity chemicals, namely BaCO3, Bi2O3, MoO3, TeO2, and Sm2O3, and following the melt-and-quench procedure, 75TeO2–10MoO3–10BaO–(5-x)Sm2O3xBi2O3 glasses were prepared as TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 for Bi2O3 molar concentration of 0, 2, 4, 4.5, and 5 mol %, respectively. The optical parameters were computed theoretically from measured absorption spectra. The stopping powers and ranges of β-particles, protons, and α-particles were estimated using the ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR software, respectively, while the SRIM code was used to compute for heavy carbon ions. In addition, the cross-sections of fast (FN) and thermal (TN) neutrons were computed using the standard expressions. There was a positive correlation between Bi2O3 content and the molar volume of the glasses. The refractive indices vary slightly between 2.53 and 2.56. The molar refractivity (Rm) values for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 are 19.769 cm3/mol, 19.730 cm3/mol, 19.689 cm3/mol, 19.656 cm3/mol, and 19.754 cm3/mol, respectively. The values of Sp for proton are highest at 0.09 MeV with values of 284.047, 281.041, 278.135, 277.434 and 276.633 MeV cm2/g for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5, respectively. The Bi2O3 content thus improved the CR shielding ability of the glass system slightly. The optimum Bi2O3 concentration for FN shielding is 4 mol %. In addition, Bi2O3 compromised the TN absorption ability of the TeMoBa-Sm/Bi glass system.

本研究评估了 75TeO2-10MoO3-10BaO-(5-x)Sm2O3-xBi2O3 玻璃体系的辐射(β 粒子 (β)、质子 (1H)、α 粒子 (He2+)、碳离子 (C6+)、快中子 (FN) 和热中子 (TN))吸收参数,并将这些参数与其光学参数一起列出。分析这些参数的目的是评估 Sm 原子和 Bi 原子在改变玻璃体系的光学和辐射特性方面所起的作用。从高纯度化学品(即 BaCO3、Bi2O3、MoO3、TeO2 和 Sm2O3)开始,按照熔融-淬火程序进行、75TeO2-10MoO3-10BaO-(5-x)Sm2O3-xBi2O3玻璃,Bi2O3摩尔浓度分别为0、2、4、4.5 和 5 摩尔%。光学参数是根据测量到的吸收光谱从理论上计算出来的。使用ESTAR、PSTAR 和 ASTAR 软件分别估算了 β 粒子、质子和 α 粒子的停止功率和范围,并使用 SRIM 代码计算了重碳离子。此外,还使用标准表达式计算了快中子(FN)和热中子(TN)的横截面。玻璃中的 Bi2O3 含量与摩尔体积呈正相关。折射率在 2.53 和 2.56 之间略有不同。TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4 和 TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 的摩尔折射率 (Rm) 值分别为 19.769 cm3/mol、19.730 cm3/mol、19.689 cm3/mol、19.656 cm3/mol 和 19.754 cm3/mol。质子的 Sp 值在 0.09 MeV 时最高,TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3、TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4 和 TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 的 Sp 值分别为 284.047、281.041、278.135、277.434 和 276.633 MeV cm2/g。因此,Bi2O3 的含量略微提高了玻璃体系的 CR 屏蔽能力。FN 屏蔽的最佳 Bi2O3 浓度为 4 摩尔%。此外,Bi2O3 还影响了 TeMoBa-Sm/Bi 玻璃体系的 TN 吸收能力。
{"title":"Designing and significantly improved TeO2-based glass system for nuclear engineering applications: Radiation shielding performance and optical transparency","authors":"Beriham Basha ,&nbsp;Z.A. Alrowaili ,&nbsp;Maryam Al Huwayz ,&nbsp;Marzoqa. M. Alnairi ,&nbsp;Sultan J. Alsufyani ,&nbsp;Canel Eke ,&nbsp;I.O. Olarinoye ,&nbsp;M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The radiation (beta particles (β), protons (<sup>1</sup>H), α-particles (He<sup>2+</sup>), carbon ions (C<sup>6+</sup>), fast neutrons (FN), and thermal neutrons (TN)) absorption parameters of 75TeO<sub>2</sub>–10MoO<sub>3</sub>–10BaO–(<em>5-x</em>)Sm2O3–<em>x</em>Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass system were evaluated and presented along with their optical parameters in this study. The parameters were analyzed with the objective of evaluating the role of Sm and Bi atoms in altering the optical and radiation characteristics of the glass system. Starting with high-purity chemicals, namely BaCO<sub>3</sub>, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoO3, TeO<sub>2</sub>, and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and following the melt-and-quench procedure, 75TeO<sub>2</sub>–10MoO<sub>3</sub>–10BaO–(<em>5-x</em>)Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–<em>x</em>Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glasses were prepared as TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 for Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> molar concentration of 0, 2, 4, 4.5, and 5 mol %, respectively. The optical parameters were computed theoretically from measured absorption spectra. The stopping powers and ranges of β-particles, protons, and α-particles were estimated using the ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR software, respectively, while the SRIM code was used to compute for heavy carbon ions. In addition, the cross-sections of fast (FN) and thermal (TN) neutrons were computed using the standard expressions. There was a positive correlation between Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content and the molar volume of the glasses. The refractive indices vary slightly between 2.53 and 2.56. The molar refractivity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) values for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 are 19.769 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.7<sup>3</sup>0 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.689 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.656 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, and 19.754 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, respectively. The values of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for proton are highest at 0.09 MeV with values of 284.047, 281.041, 278.135, 277.434 and 276.633 MeV cm<sup>2</sup>/g for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5, respectively. The Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content thus improved the CR shielding ability of the glass system slightly. The optimum Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration for FN shielding is 4 mol %. In addition, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> compromised the TN absorption ability of the TeMoBa-Sm/Bi glass system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230718772300250X/pdfft?md5=f150b42f226045153b562187b1d03c99&pid=1-s2.0-S230718772300250X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135389735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alleviation and control of chaotic oscillations in SMIB power systems using a modified-Whale optimization-based battery-STATCOM 利用基于改进型鲸鱼优化的电池-STATCOM 缓解和控制 SMIB 电力系统中的混乱振荡
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.004
Sheetal Singh , Sanju Saini

Background

Chaotic oscillations within the power system give rise to instability. While these oscillations may not have an immediate impact on the synchrony of the machine, they stimulate one of the oscillation modes, ultimately leading to voltage collapse and a loss of synchronism.

Objective

This paper introduces a modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based Battery-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) as a solution to mitigate chaotic oscillations within a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system.

Methodology

An adaptable controller is implemented to manage the gate signal within the Battery-STATCOM. The AC-DC currents of this controller are optimally governed by two distinct WOA-tuned Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The battery storage unit serves as a robust voltage source, with the intelligent controller maintaining the DC-link voltage at the desired level.

Test Cases

Additional disturbances, such as gradual variations in reference voltage and electromagnetic torque, are introduced to exacerbate chaotic oscillations. This is done to assess the controller's real-world performance under adverse conditions.

Results and Conclusion

Under zero damping conditions, rotor parameters, including rise time, settling time, peak time, and overshoot, initially remain undefined due to uncontrolled oscillations. However, once the Battery-STATCOM is applied, these parameters are defined and achieve values (in seconds) of 0.90, 6.21, 1.71, and 21.10, respectively. After further optimization through the proposed modified WOA optimizer, the parameters reach values of 0.25, 1.01, 0.89, and 1.78, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic controller in suppressing overall chaotic oscillations within the power system.

背景电力系统中的共振会导致不稳定。虽然这些振荡可能不会对机器的同步性产生直接影响,但它们会刺激其中一种振荡模式,最终导致电压崩溃和失去同步性。本文介绍了一种基于鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的改进型电池-STATCOM(静态同步补偿器),作为缓解单机无限总线(SMIB)系统内混沌振荡的解决方案。该控制器的交流-直流电流由两个不同的 WOA 调整比例-积分 (PI) 控制器进行优化控制。电池存储单元充当稳健的电压源,智能控制器将直流链路电压维持在所需水平。测试案例引入参考电压和电磁转矩的渐变等额外干扰,以加剧混乱振荡。结果和结论在零阻尼条件下,转子参数(包括上升时间、稳定时间、峰值时间和过冲量)最初会由于不受控制的振荡而保持未定义状态。然而,一旦应用了电池-STATCOM,这些参数就得到了定义,并分别达到了 0.90、6.21、1.71 和 21.10 的值(以秒为单位)。通过建议的改进型 WOA 优化器进一步优化后,参数值分别达到 0.25、1.01、0.89 和 1.78。这些结果表明,所提出的元启发式控制器能有效抑制电力系统内的整体混沌振荡。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy verification of fast adaptive galerkin finite volume solver for thermal and mechanical load crack propagation in triangular meshes 快速自适应加勒金有限体积求解器对三角形网格中热负荷和机械负荷裂纹扩展的精度验证
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.013
Tayebeh Amiri , Saeed-Reza Sabbagh-Yazdi , Mohammad T.A. Alkhamis

This study presents the details of the Galerkin finite volume method for triangular unstructured meshes and its application for the fracture analysis of 2D elasticity problems under simultaneous thermal and mechanical loading. The heat diffusion and elasticity equations are discretized using the Galerkin finite volume method (which, due to omitting matrix manipulation calculations, computations are considerably faster than FEM and XFEM Solvers). The maximum tangential stress criterion is presented after briefly describing the interaction integral formulation used to calculate the stress intensity factors in thermo-mechanical problems. The accuracy of the computed results of the present strategy under thermo-mechanical loads is demonstrated using some benchmark test cases. First, a thermal stress analysis of a plate with an inclined central crack under thermal boundary conditions is performed. Second, the development of a crack under mechanical stress boundary conditions is modeled. Third, crack propagation under both thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is simulated. The present modeling strategy's results are compared with those reported in previous numerical works to verify the accuracy. The stress intensity factors and predicted crack trajectories are utilized to assess the accuracy of computed results and investigate the quality of crack simulation by the proposed numerical method.

本研究详细介绍了三角非结构网格的 Galerkin 有限体积法及其在热负荷和机械负荷同时作用下二维弹性问题断裂分析中的应用。热扩散和弹性方程采用 Galerkin 有限体积法离散化(由于省略了矩阵操作计算,计算速度大大快于 FEM 和 XFEM 求解器)。在简要介绍了用于计算热机械问题中应力强度因子的相互作用积分公式后,介绍了最大切向应力准则。通过一些基准测试案例,证明了本策略在热机械载荷下计算结果的准确性。首先,在热边界条件下对带有倾斜中心裂缝的板进行热应力分析。其次,对机械应力边界条件下的裂纹发展进行建模。第三,模拟热边界条件和机械边界条件下的裂纹扩展。本建模策略的结果与之前的数值计算结果进行了比较,以验证其准确性。利用应力强度因子和预测的裂纹轨迹来评估计算结果的准确性,并研究拟议数值方法的裂纹模拟质量。
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引用次数: 0
Image defect classification of surface mount technology welding based on the improved ResNet model 基于改进的 ResNet 模型的表面贴装技术焊接图像缺陷分类
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.007
Qiang Zhang , Kaiyun Zhang , Kailin Pan , Wei Huang

In mass production, welding flaw detection in existing surface mount technology (SMT) has certain constraints, including its high costs, heavy workloads, and time-consuming processes. However, image classification technology using computer vision demonstrates high detection speeds and considerably reduced detection costs in flaw detection. Nevertheless, the increased integration of chip components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) and reduced component sizes pose challenges for flaw detection technology. Therefore, in this paper, an SMT welding image flaw classification model—that is, the ResNet-34-ECA model—based on an improved ResNet model, is proposed. Initially, the dataset is amplified using data amplification methods, such as stochastic rotation, increased data diversity, and enhanced model robustness. The ResNet34 model is then optimized using the light quantization efficient channel attention (ECA) module, resulting in higher classification accuracy. The experimental data in this study were collected using automated optical inspection (AOI) equipment, following the manual creation and amplification of the dataset. The experimental results showed that the baseline model accuracy increased by 0.22 in the augmented dataset, reaching 97.2%. Moreover, the ResNet-34-ECA model proposed in this paper could realize the classification of SMT welding image defects successfully; the overall classification accuracy of the improved ResNet image classification model was 0.01 higher than that of the baseline model, reaching 98.2%. Consequently, the proposed model proves to be better than other models in defect classification on this dataset, providing an accurate classification of SMT welding image defects.

在批量生产中,现有表面贴装技术(SMT)的焊接探伤存在一定的局限性,包括成本高、工作量大、耗时长等。然而,利用计算机视觉的图像分类技术在探伤方面表现出较高的检测速度,并大大降低了检测成本。然而,印刷电路板(PCB)上芯片元件集成度的提高和元件尺寸的缩小给探伤技术带来了挑战。因此,本文基于改进的 ResNet 模型,提出了一种 SMT 焊接图像缺陷分类模型,即 ResNet-34-ECA 模型。首先,使用随机旋转、增加数据多样性和增强模型鲁棒性等数据放大方法对数据集进行放大。然后使用光量子化高效通道关注(ECA)模块优化 ResNet34 模型,从而提高分类准确率。本研究的实验数据是在手动创建和放大数据集之后,使用自动光学检测(AOI)设备收集的。实验结果表明,在增强数据集中,基线模型的准确率提高了 0.22,达到了 97.2%。此外,本文提出的 ResNet-34-ECA 模型也成功实现了对 SMT 焊接图像缺陷的分类;改进后的 ResNet 图像分类模型的整体分类准确率比基线模型高 0.01,达到 98.2%。因此,在该数据集上,本文提出的模型在缺陷分类方面优于其他模型,为 SMT 焊接图像缺陷提供了准确的分类。
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引用次数: 0
Green mediated of nanoparticles by plant extract: Investigation of its performance to treat the human renal cell carcinoma 植物提取物绿色介导的纳米颗粒:研究其治疗人类肾细胞癌的性能
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.010
Hewei Wang, Yao Luo

Cancer therapies are currently limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. All three methods risk damage to normal tissues or incomplete eradication of the cancer. Nanotechnology offers the means to target chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasms, guide in surgical resection of tumors, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiation-based and other current treatment modalities. All of this can add up to a decreased risk to the patient and an increased probability of survival. In the recent research, the properties of green formulation of silver nanoparticles by Malva sylvestris on human renal cell carcinoma cells were checked. The NPs characterization was run by the techniques of FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, and UV-Vis. The MTT assay was used to measure anti-renal cell carcinoma (against RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 cell lines) and cytotoxicity (against HUVEC cell line) activity of silver NPs. Interestingly, the nano-drug could resist significantly against those cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner, assessed by MTT method. The corresponding IC50 values of the nanoparticles were 118, 135, 66, and 147 µg/ml respectively against the RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 renal cell carcinoma cells, respectively. After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent silver nanoparticles may be used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in humans.

癌症疗法目前仅限于手术、放疗和化疗。这三种方法都有可能损害正常组织或无法完全根除癌症。纳米技术提供了直接、选择性地针对癌细胞和肿瘤进行化疗的手段,可指导肿瘤的手术切除,并提高放射治疗和其他现有治疗方法的疗效。所有这些都能降低病人的风险,提高生存概率。在最近的研究中,研究人员检测了马尔瓦银纳米粒子绿色配方对人类肾细胞癌细胞的特性。研究人员采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子显微镜(TEM)、电子扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等技术对纳米银颗粒进行了表征。利用 MTT 试验测定了银纳米粒子的抗肾细胞癌(针对 RCC-JW (KTCTL-195)、RCC-GH、CaKi-2 和 HEK293 细胞系)活性和细胞毒性(针对 HUVEC 细胞系)活性。有趣的是,通过 MTT 法评估,纳米药物对这些细胞株具有明显的抗药性,且抗药性的时间和浓度均呈依赖性。纳米颗粒对 RCC-JW (KTCTL-195)、RCC-GH、CaKi-2 和 HEK293 肾细胞癌细胞的 IC50 值分别为 118、135、66 和 147 µg/ml。经过临床试验研究,最近的银纳米粒子可用于人类肾细胞癌的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitation of visual adaptation to glare control for daytime fire evacuation from an office building in Malaysia 马来西亚一栋办公楼白天火灾疏散时眩光控制对视觉适应的促进作用
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.010
Siew Bee Aw, Pau Chung Leng, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling

This paper proposes that the light intensities of adjacent interior spaces should be concurrently evaluated to reduce the risk of glare when evacuees transition between spaces to reach the final exit. The prevention of glare during daytime evacuation has the potential to smoothen the evacuation process from a building. As all legislative, regulatory, and assessment tool recommendations currently used in Malaysia measure illuminance (in lux), this paper similarly evaluates illuminance instead of luminance for ease of initial adoption in the country. Illuminance recommendations in MS1525:2019, LEED, DOSH Guidelines, UBBL, GBI, GreenRE, Melaka Green Seal, and MyCREST were compared to determine the contrast ratio. The illuminance contrast is greatest at the final exit points, such as from parking structures, lobbies, and staircases, which are benchmarked against the Malaysian sky illuminance that can reach 100,000 lux. A contrast ratio as high as 2000:1 may occur if Malaysian offices were designed to only achieve the minimum illuminance requirements. Of the three assessed final exit spaces, naturally-lit fire escape staircases were selected for modelled simulation of illuminance performance using VELUX Daylight Visualiser 2. The findings ascertained that most typical staircase layouts are able to exceed the minimum illuminance requirements at noon, when the sun is potentially the most intense, although the contrast ratio may still reach 1480:1. While the contrast between intermediate spaces are acceptable, those between the final exit transitions and the outdoors are high, suggesting a risk of glare. Further studies are required to determine strategies to facilitate visual adaptation for Malaysians, such as the identification of an ideal acceptable illuminance contrast ratio, temporal adaptation period, or distance-based parameters.

本文提出,应同时评估相邻室内空间的光照强度,以降低疏散人员在不同空间之间过渡以到达最终出口时产生眩光的风险。防止白天疏散过程中的眩光有可能使建筑疏散过程更加顺畅。由于马来西亚目前使用的所有立法、监管和评估工具建议都是测量照度(以勒克斯为单位),因此本文同样评估了照度而非亮度,以方便在该国初步采用。对 MS1525:2019、LEED、DOSH 指南、UBBL、GBI、GreenRE、Melaka Green Seal 和 MyCREST 中的照度建议进行了比较,以确定对比度。最终出口处的照度对比度最大,如停车场、大堂和楼梯,这些地方的照度以马来西亚高达 10 万勒克斯的天空照度为基准。如果马来西亚办公室的设计只达到最低照度要求,对比度可能高达 2000:1。在评估的三个最终出口空间中,选择了自然采光的消防逃生楼梯,使用威卢克斯日光展示台 2 进行照度性能模拟。研究结果表明,大多数典型的楼梯布局都能在正午阳光最强烈的时候超过最低照度要求,尽管对比度仍可能达到 1480:1。虽然中间空间之间的对比度可以接受,但最后出口过渡区与室外之间的对比度却很高,这表明存在眩光风险。需要进一步研究确定促进马来西亚人视觉适应的策略,如确定理想的可接受照度对比度、时间适应期或基于距离的参数。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism and efficiency of a hollow polycarbonate panel heating method on impervious soil of dams in cold regions 寒冷地区大坝不透水土壤中空聚碳酸酯板加热法的机理和效率
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.014
Xinbin Wang , Zhenyu Zhang , Qihao Yu , Pan Yue , Enlong Liu

During the construction of earth−rock dams in cold regions, the freezing−thawing of impervious soil causes significant changes in its physical and mechanical properties, which affects the quality and operation safety of the project. To enhance the impervious soil anti−freezing capacity, the hollow polycarbonate panel heating method (HPPHM) was innovatively proposed. Based on the mechanism and in−situ tests, the heating mechanism and effect of HPPHM on impervious soil were investigated. The test results indicated that HPPHM can primarily heat the soil through solar radiation, raising the soil temperature. Furthermore, the air layer inside the panel serves as thermal insulation, effectively preventing the soil internal heat from dissipating. The in−situ test results showed that soil freezing was not observed under HPPHM, and the soil surface temperature was approximately 6 °C higher compared to the control site. The heating influence depth of HPPHM on the impervious soil was approximately 175 cm. Additionally, the soil heat under HPPHM experienced a significant increase of 12537.1 kJ. This study provides a scientific method for improving construction efficiency and quality in cold regions.

在寒冷地区的土石坝施工过程中,不透水土体的冻融会导致其物理力学性能发生显著变化,影响工程质量和运行安全。为提高防渗土的抗冻能力,创新性地提出了空心聚碳酸酯板加热法(HPPHM)。根据其机理和现场试验,研究了 HPPHM 对不透水土壤的加热机理和效果。试验结果表明,HPPHM 主要通过太阳辐射加热土壤,提高土壤温度。此外,面板内部的空气层起到了隔热作用,有效阻止了土壤内部热量的散失。现场测试结果表明,在 HPPHM 的作用下,土壤未出现冻结现象,与对照场地相比,土壤表面温度高出约 6 °C。HPPHM 对不透水土壤的加热影响深度约为 175 厘米。此外,HPPHM 下的土壤热量显著增加了 12537.1 kJ。这项研究为提高寒冷地区的施工效率和质量提供了一种科学方法。
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引用次数: 0
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