Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.006
Salwan F. Alturki , Mahmood Sh. Suwaed , Ahmed Ghareeb , Forat Yasir AlJaberi , Ali A. Hassan
Refinery wastewater (RWW) poses significant environmental challenges due to its high concentration of organic contaminants, necessitating effective treatment solutions. This study employs the mechanical design of the Electro-Fenton (EF) technique as a feasible alternative for treating RWW. The anode and cathode electrodes, made of stainless steel and iron, respectively, were utilized to conduct organic removal (OR) from RWW. To maximize performance, two metric optimization design techniques were examined: Box Behnken Design (BBD) and response surface methodology. The analysis of variance revealed a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.9685), indicating a second-order provable relationship between the response and self-governing variables. Additional statistical analysis was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the suggested approach. A predictive regression model was developed based on unresolved values, demonstrating a high level of agreement with experimental values. This model identified the optimal equation for the empirical model to predict OR based on predetermined parameters. Based on the BBD, the percentage of OR reached 93.45 % at pH 3, temperature, and electrolysis time of 60 °C, and 30 minutes, respectively. The implications of this study suggest that the optimized Electro-Fenton technique could serve as a robust solution for addressing the environmental impact of RWW, contributing to sustainable wastewater management practices.
{"title":"Statistical analysis and optimization of mechanical-chemical electro-Fenton for organic contaminant degradation in refinery wastewater","authors":"Salwan F. Alturki , Mahmood Sh. Suwaed , Ahmed Ghareeb , Forat Yasir AlJaberi , Ali A. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refinery wastewater (RWW) poses significant environmental challenges due to its high concentration of organic contaminants, necessitating effective treatment solutions. This study employs the mechanical design of the Electro-Fenton (EF) technique as a feasible alternative for treating RWW. The anode and cathode electrodes, made of stainless steel and iron, respectively, were utilized to conduct organic removal (OR) from RWW. To maximize performance, two metric optimization design techniques were examined: Box Behnken Design (BBD) and response surface methodology. The analysis of variance revealed a high coefficient of determination value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9685), indicating a second-order provable relationship between the response and self-governing variables. Additional statistical analysis was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the suggested approach. A predictive regression model was developed based on unresolved values, demonstrating a high level of agreement with experimental values. This model identified the optimal equation for the empirical model to predict OR based on predetermined parameters. Based on the BBD, the percentage of OR reached 93.45 % at pH 3, temperature, and electrolysis time of 60 °C, and 30 minutes, respectively. The implications of this study suggest that the optimized Electro-Fenton technique could serve as a robust solution for addressing the environmental impact of RWW, contributing to sustainable wastewater management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 2809-2817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.009
Hemant Kumar , Sachin Tejyan , M. Kannan
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers competitive solutions for lightweight applications but faces significant abrasive wear challenges in many industrial and automobile applications. The current study aims to conduct mechanical, physical, and dynamic mechanical analyses, as well as three body abrasion examinations, on grewia-optiva (GO) and bauhinia-vahlii (BV) natural fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid polymer composites containing marble dust as filler. Initially, the woven mat was knitted with an equal amount of grewia-optiva and bauhinia-vahlii natural fibers. Three weight percentages of the woven mat i.e. 10, 20, and 30 wt% were used as reinforcement, and industrial waste marble dust with a fixed amount of 5 wt% was also used as a filler material. GO, and BV fiber mats were chemically treated with 10 wt—% NaOH for the cleaning and surface modification of fibers before their use as reinforcement. The fabricated composites' physical and mechanical characteristics, i.e., density, water absorption, hardness, impact, flexural, and tensile strength were examined experimentally. The value of the damping factor (tan δ), storage modulus (E′), and loss modulus (E′′) of the developed composites were analyzed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The fabricated composites' three-body abrasive wear characteristics were also examined with varying parameters i.e. A: fiber loading, B: sliding distance, and C: normal load. The results show that increasing the fiber loading and using a constant amount of discarded marble dust improves all mechanical characteristics. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness improves by 15.99 %, 26.30 %, 24.40 %, and 30.39 % respectively for 10 wt% to 30 wt% fiber loading. The composites exhibit significant improvements in damping properties with fiber loading. Moreover, parameters i.e. normal load, speed, and fiber loading have contributed to abrasive wear of composites at 29.70 %, 24.81 %, and 19.07 % respectively. This study will aid in the analysis of the morphological, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of a new class of composite material that might be used for producing natural polymeric roofing systems, boats, and floors, as well as for the automobile industry.
{"title":"Optimization of abrasive wear parameters and thermo-mechanical properties of Bauhinia Vahlii and Grewia Optiva fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites","authors":"Hemant Kumar , Sachin Tejyan , M. Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers competitive solutions for lightweight applications but faces significant abrasive wear challenges in many industrial and automobile applications. The current study aims to conduct mechanical, physical, and dynamic mechanical analyses, as well as three body abrasion examinations, on grewia-optiva (GO) and bauhinia-vahlii (BV) natural fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid polymer composites containing marble dust as filler. Initially, the woven mat was knitted with an equal amount of grewia-optiva and bauhinia-vahlii natural fibers. Three weight percentages of the woven mat i.e. 10, 20, and 30 wt% were used as reinforcement, and industrial waste marble dust with a fixed amount of 5 wt% was also used as a filler material. GO, and BV fiber mats were chemically treated with 10 wt—% NaOH for the cleaning and surface modification of fibers before their use as reinforcement. The fabricated composites' physical and mechanical characteristics, i.e., density, water absorption, hardness, impact, flexural, and tensile strength were examined experimentally. The value of the damping factor (tan δ), storage modulus (E′), and loss modulus (E′′) of the developed composites were analyzed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The fabricated composites' three-body abrasive wear characteristics were also examined with varying parameters i.e. A: fiber loading, B: sliding distance, and C: normal load. The results show that increasing the fiber loading and using a constant amount of discarded marble dust improves all mechanical characteristics. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness improves by 15.99 %, 26.30 %, 24.40 %, and 30.39 % respectively for 10 wt% to 30 wt% fiber loading. The composites exhibit significant improvements in damping properties with fiber loading. Moreover, parameters i.e. normal load, speed, and fiber loading have contributed to abrasive wear of composites at 29.70 %, 24.81 %, and 19.07 % respectively. This study will aid in the analysis of the morphological, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of a new class of composite material that might be used for producing natural polymeric roofing systems, boats, and floors, as well as for the automobile industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3754-3766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.006
Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi , Ali Hassan Shaban
The cavitation phenomena and its experimental evaluation of hydraulic pump performance are the subjects of this study. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of a pump's flow structure were carried out. The unsteady flow in a pump with various impeller geometry characteristics was investigated numerically. In-depth examinations of the local flow parameters for the static pressure, pump head, vapour volume variation fraction, and pressure fluctuations in the time and frequency domains were conducted. The findings showed that the low-pressure region that closed the impeller eye close to the leading edge of the blade is where the cavitation phenomena takes place. Additionally, the results showed that the blade passing frequency (BPF) and the pump's rotational frequency (RF) are two significant dominant frequencies in the device. Furthermore, the numerical results show that modest cavitation occurred at the design mass flow for Z=3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 impeller blades.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical the effect of cavitation detection on hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump based on different geometrical configurations","authors":"Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi , Ali Hassan Shaban","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cavitation phenomena and its experimental evaluation of hydraulic pump performance are the subjects of this study. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of a pump's flow structure were carried out. The unsteady flow in a pump with various impeller geometry characteristics was investigated numerically. In-depth examinations of the local flow parameters for the static pressure, pump head, vapour volume variation fraction, and pressure fluctuations in the time and frequency domains were conducted. The findings showed that the low-pressure region that closed the impeller eye close to the leading edge of the blade is where the cavitation phenomena takes place. Additionally, the results showed that the blade passing frequency (BPF) and the pump's rotational frequency (RF) are two significant dominant frequencies in the device. Furthermore, the numerical results show that modest cavitation occurred at the design mass flow for Z=3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 impeller blades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3718-3738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporating distributed generations (DGs) like wind turbines (WTs) and solar photovoltaic (SPV) arrays into radial distribution systems (RDSs) has become increasingly important due to their benefits in enhancing system performance. This requires determining appropriate DG locations and their optimal power output when injected into the RDS. To this end, this paper introduces a novel application of a recent multi-objective optimization technique called multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) to allocate multiple DG units into the RDS optimally. The primary objectives are to minimize total real power losses (RPL), reduce voltage deviation (VD), and enhance the voltage stability index (VSI) across the entire system while adhering to operational constraints. Various DG operational power factor (PF) scenarios are considered, including unity-PF, fixed-PF, and optimal-PF. The proposed approach generates a Pareto-optimal set of solutions to address the multi-objective problem, after which a fuzzy decision-making method is adopted to select the best trade-off solution from the set. The technique has been implemented on 69-bus and the actual Portuguese 94-bus RDS. Numerical results are compared with other recent well-known algorithms from the literature, highlighting the efficacy of the suggested MOGWO method in handling multi-objective problems. Comparatively speaking, it provides superior solutions than other methods in selecting appropriate control parameters.
{"title":"Efficient multi-objective optimization approach for solving optimal DG placement and sizing problem in distribution systems","authors":"Badreddine Bendriss , Samir Sayah , Abdellatif Hamouda","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating distributed generations (DGs) like wind turbines (WTs) and solar photovoltaic (SPV) arrays into radial distribution systems (RDSs) has become increasingly important due to their benefits in enhancing system performance. This requires determining appropriate DG locations and their optimal power output when injected into the RDS. To this end, this paper introduces a novel application of a recent multi-objective optimization technique called multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) to allocate multiple DG units into the RDS optimally. The primary objectives are to minimize total real power losses (RPL), reduce voltage deviation (VD), and enhance the voltage stability index (VSI) across the entire system while adhering to operational constraints. Various DG operational power factor (PF) scenarios are considered, including unity-PF, fixed-PF, and optimal-PF. The proposed approach generates a Pareto-optimal set of solutions to address the multi-objective problem, after which a fuzzy decision-making method is adopted to select the best trade-off solution from the set. The technique has been implemented on 69-bus and the actual Portuguese 94-bus RDS. Numerical results are compared with other recent well-known algorithms from the literature, highlighting the efficacy of the suggested MOGWO method in handling multi-objective problems. Comparatively speaking, it provides superior solutions than other methods in selecting appropriate control parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3295-3307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.03.002
Yaojie Zheng , Xiangyang Cao , Hanbin Xiao , Min Xiao
The optimal speed tracking of offshore wind power system in the process of capturing wind energy is investigated with offshore crane-assisted. A sliding mode control method based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with disturbance compensation is proposed. A new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode speed controller is proposed. An improved nonlinear function is designed, and an improved NLESO is proposed. The internal parameter perturbations and external time-varying disturbances of the offshore wind power system are estimated by using the nonlinear extended state observer, and real-time dynamic compensation is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can accelerate the convergence speed of the system and improve the efficiency of wind energy capture. A hardware-in-the-loop platform for permanent magnet direct-drive offshore wind power system based on StarSim and PXI is built. The experiments are carried out on the disturbance compensation sliding mode control strategy based on the full-order sliding mode observer. The results prove the stability and feasibility of the strategy method.
{"title":"Study on NLESO-based sliding mode control for offshore wind turbine MPPT with offshore crane-assisted","authors":"Yaojie Zheng , Xiangyang Cao , Hanbin Xiao , Min Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal speed tracking of offshore wind power system in the process of capturing wind energy is investigated with offshore crane-assisted. A sliding mode control method based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with disturbance compensation is proposed. A new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode speed controller is proposed. An improved nonlinear function is designed, and an improved NLESO is proposed. The internal parameter perturbations and external time-varying disturbances of the offshore wind power system are estimated by using the nonlinear extended state observer, and real-time dynamic compensation is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can accelerate the convergence speed of the system and improve the efficiency of wind energy capture. A hardware-in-the-loop platform for permanent magnet direct-drive offshore wind power system based on StarSim and PXI is built. The experiments are carried out on the disturbance compensation sliding mode control strategy based on the full-order sliding mode observer. The results prove the stability and feasibility of the strategy method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3543-3562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.007
Abdulaziz Alazmi , Abdullah Alshaya , Khaled Alhazza
An analytical methodology of determining the system frequencies of a mechanically-connected beams system and their corresponding mode shapes is proposed. The methodology is demonstrated by analyzing the mechanical system that is consisted of two cantilever beams coupled by a weak beam. The dynamics of the considered system governed by linear partial differential equations of motion were discretized by means of Galerkin’s method into five partial differential equations. Upon applying the mechanical boundary conditions and imposing the continuity constraints which result of twenty boundary conditions, the boundary-value problem (BVP) was significantly reduced to a set of only three linear homogeneous algebraic equations. The latter was only function of three constants and the corresponding system natural frequency. To validate the presented methodology, the analytical results were compared with these obtained numerically using commercial finite element software. Results from the proposed analytical method show an excellent agreement in terms of the mode shapes and natural frequencies with the numerically-predicted results. Furthermore, the effects on the system natural frequencies upon changing the location of coupled weak beam to the two cantilever beam as well as its corresponding length are also investigated.
{"title":"Dynamics and vibrations of mechanically-connected beams system","authors":"Abdulaziz Alazmi , Abdullah Alshaya , Khaled Alhazza","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical methodology of determining the system frequencies of a mechanically-connected beams system and their corresponding mode shapes is proposed. The methodology is demonstrated by analyzing the mechanical system that is consisted of two cantilever beams coupled by a weak beam. The dynamics of the considered system governed by linear partial differential equations of motion were discretized by means of Galerkin’s method into five partial differential equations. Upon applying the mechanical boundary conditions and imposing the continuity constraints which result of twenty boundary conditions, the boundary-value problem (BVP) was significantly reduced to a set of only three linear homogeneous algebraic equations. The latter was only function of three constants and the corresponding system natural frequency. To validate the presented methodology, the analytical results were compared with these obtained numerically using commercial finite element software. Results from the proposed analytical method show an excellent agreement in terms of the mode shapes and natural frequencies with the numerically-predicted results. Furthermore, the effects on the system natural frequencies upon changing the location of coupled weak beam to the two cantilever beam as well as its corresponding length are also investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3739-3753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.013
Ali Khaleel Kareem , Athraa Hameed Turki , Ali M. Mohsen
The present work investigates the turbulent flow heat transfer in a three-dimensional cubic shell and tube heat exchanger employing non-mixture multiphase nanofluid, specifically SiO₂-H₂O. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to study the variation of both shell and tube inlet velocities and optimize the thermal performance of the exchanger. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver and the k-epsilon turbulent model were employed, and the results were validated against experimental data and numerical results from the available literature. Key results showed that reducing the tube’s Reynolds number to 75 % of the shell’s inlet velocity yields the highest total heat transfer rate of 26,692 Watt, marking an impressive 54 % improvement over the baseline conditions. Lowering the tube inlet velocity improved the fluid residence time leading to enhanced heat absorption and higher performance. However, reductions in either fluid Reynolds number below 75 % led to diminished heat transfer rates, attributed to reduced turbulent kinetic energy and less effective thermal mixing. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of nanofluids in boosting heat transfer efficiency, offering practical implications for industries seeking to enhance energy conservation and optimize thermal systems such as air conditioning and heating systems, thermal power plants, automotive and aerospace industries, as well as solar thermal power plants.
{"title":"Optimization of turbulent flow heat transfer in a 3D cubic shell heat exchanger using non-mixture multiphase nanofluids","authors":"Ali Khaleel Kareem , Athraa Hameed Turki , Ali M. Mohsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work investigates the turbulent flow heat transfer in a three-dimensional cubic shell and tube heat exchanger employing non-mixture multiphase nanofluid, specifically SiO₂-H₂O. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to study the variation of both shell and tube inlet velocities and optimize the thermal performance of the exchanger. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver and the k-epsilon turbulent model were employed, and the results were validated against experimental data and numerical results from the available literature. Key results showed that reducing the tube’s Reynolds number to 75 % of the shell’s inlet velocity yields the highest total heat transfer rate of 26,692 Watt, marking an impressive 54 % improvement over the baseline conditions. Lowering the tube inlet velocity improved the fluid residence time leading to enhanced heat absorption and higher performance. However, reductions in either fluid Reynolds number below 75 % led to diminished heat transfer rates, attributed to reduced turbulent kinetic energy and less effective thermal mixing. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of nanofluids in boosting heat transfer efficiency, offering practical implications for industries seeking to enhance energy conservation and optimize thermal systems such as air conditioning and heating systems, thermal power plants, automotive and aerospace industries, as well as solar thermal power plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3687-3702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.010
Omran Al-Shamma , Mohammed A. Fadhel
Computer vision has become a crucial area of research due to the increasing use of electronics, information technology, and network communication. Adding more algorithms to the process of locating text, faces, vehicles, and other moving objects can improve the effectiveness of the search when compared to a "ground truth" reference. This work aims to track a moving object as it passes through the fields of view of multiple outdoor cameras. Both the temporal difference algorithm and the fixed background algorithm have been used in the search process for objects in a video with a frame dimension of 120 by 160 pixels. The FPGA panel used in the system was the Xilinx Spartan-6 LX45T. This method can speed up the overall process because it does not require the objects to be registered first. The proposed approach is highly resistant to object orientation and robust, with an error rate of less than (0.05), resulting in the best possible results in terms of global recognition. Consequently, it attains exceptional global recognition results while maintaining its reliable performance.
{"title":"Trusted outdoor multi-camera tracking system powered by FPGA","authors":"Omran Al-Shamma , Mohammed A. Fadhel","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computer vision has become a crucial area of research due to the increasing use of electronics, information technology, and network communication. Adding more algorithms to the process of locating text, faces, vehicles, and other moving objects can improve the effectiveness of the search when compared to a \"ground truth\" reference. This work aims to track a moving object as it passes through the fields of view of multiple outdoor cameras. Both the temporal difference algorithm and the fixed background algorithm have been used in the search process for objects in a video with a frame dimension of 120 by 160 pixels. The FPGA panel used in the system was the Xilinx Spartan-6 LX45T. This method can speed up the overall process because it does not require the objects to be registered first. The proposed approach is highly resistant to object orientation and robust, with an error rate of less than (0.05), resulting in the best possible results in terms of global recognition. Consequently, it attains exceptional global recognition results while maintaining its reliable performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3092-3106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.02.003
Samar M. Abd Elgawad , Yasmine Sabry Hegazi , Mady A.A. Mohamed , Hussein Elshanwany , Amr A. Zamel
Not enough attention is paid to implementing energy efficiency measures for reusing heritage buildings in Egypt. This is due to a lack of awareness regarding preservation regulations and values. While these buildings were not initially designed for their current function, balancing preserving their heritage values and enhancing energy efficiency when implementing reuse requirements is crucial. Without such considerations, the retrofitted heritage buildings risk losing their identity, thus undermining the fundamental goal of preserving these structures for their continued existence. This study employed an experimental methodology approach, utilizing various techniques methods such as the theoretical method in addition to the mathematical method for data collection, the Delphi method for determining the significance of heritage value, the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS) as target identification for material selection, and a genetic algorithm for selecting the optimal solution. The experimental methodology was formulated by combining all previous methods. To ensure the sustainable reuse of heritage buildings and preserve their cultural significance for future generations, the research aims to investigate the possibility of retrofitting heritage buildings while conserving their value and maximize energy efficiency through material selection.
{"title":"Heritage building reuse in Egypt: Achieving a balance between energy efficiency and value preservation","authors":"Samar M. Abd Elgawad , Yasmine Sabry Hegazi , Mady A.A. Mohamed , Hussein Elshanwany , Amr A. Zamel","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Not enough attention is paid to implementing energy efficiency measures for reusing heritage buildings in Egypt. This is due to a lack of awareness regarding preservation regulations and values. While these buildings were not initially designed for their current function, balancing preserving their heritage values and enhancing energy efficiency when implementing reuse requirements is crucial. Without such considerations, the retrofitted heritage buildings risk losing their identity, thus undermining the fundamental goal of preserving these structures for their continued existence. This study employed an experimental methodology approach, utilizing various techniques methods such as the theoretical method in addition to the mathematical method for data collection, the Delphi method for determining the significance of heritage value, the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS) as target identification for material selection, and a genetic algorithm for selecting the optimal solution. The experimental methodology was formulated by combining all previous methods. To ensure the sustainable reuse of heritage buildings and preserve their cultural significance for future generations, the research aims to investigate the possibility of retrofitting heritage buildings while conserving their value and maximize energy efficiency through material selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 2860-2876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.016
Robel Tewelde Mesfun, G.D. Ransinchung R.N.
This study investigates the performance of pavement systems employing chemical stabilizers in Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) techniques. The research compares conventional pavements with those treated with cement and chemical stabilizers. Through finite element modeling and analysis, key parameters such as tensile strain at the bottom of the bituminous layer, compressive strain at the top of the subgrade, and pavement deflection were evaluated. Results indicate significant reductions in tensile strains with chemical stabilization, leading to enhanced pavement durability and fatigue resistance. As the thickness of the Base Layer (BL) and Cement-Treated Base (CTB) increases, the tensile strain at its bottom and the compressive strain at the top of the subgrade decrease, leading to longer fatigue and rutting lives. Moreover, the utilization of chemical stabilizers demonstrates cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits, with reductions in pavement thickness and construction costs. Microstructural analyses reveal the positive impact of stabilizers on pozzolanic reactions, enhancing soil stability and strength. Overall, this study underscores the efficacy of chemical stabilizers in improving pavement performance and sustainability.
{"title":"Parameter sensitivity analysis of asphalt pavement coupling with Full-depth reclamation material-based additive and ordinary Portland cement","authors":"Robel Tewelde Mesfun, G.D. Ransinchung R.N.","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of pavement systems employing chemical stabilizers in Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) techniques. The research compares conventional pavements with those treated with cement and chemical stabilizers. Through finite element modeling and analysis, key parameters such as tensile strain at the bottom of the bituminous layer, compressive strain at the top of the subgrade, and pavement deflection were evaluated. Results indicate significant reductions in tensile strains with chemical stabilization, leading to enhanced pavement durability and fatigue resistance. As the thickness of the Base Layer (BL) and Cement-Treated Base (CTB) increases, the tensile strain at its bottom and the compressive strain at the top of the subgrade decrease, leading to longer fatigue and rutting lives. Moreover, the utilization of chemical stabilizers demonstrates cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits, with reductions in pavement thickness and construction costs. Microstructural analyses reveal the positive impact of stabilizers on pozzolanic reactions, enhancing soil stability and strength. Overall, this study underscores the efficacy of chemical stabilizers in improving pavement performance and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 3026-3036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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