Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.005
Long Khanh Nguyen , Thi Tuyet Trinh Nguyen , Sang Thanh Nguyen , Trinh Quoc Ngo , Thanh-Hai Le , Viet Quoc Dang , Lanh Si Ho
This study evaluated the durability of concrete incorporating different silica fume (SF) content and also computed the service life of this concrete in marine environments. The specimens were prepared with three different SF content (i.e. 8%, 10%, and 12% by mass of cement replaced with SF). Three water/binder ratios (0.25, 0.30, and 0.35) were used for preparing concrete specimens. The mechanical properties were assessed via compression and splitting tensile tests. The rapid chloride penetration and chloride migration experiments were employed to evaluate the durability of concrete. The results showed that the mixture with 10% SF replacement showed the best performance. The inclusion of SF not only reduced the total porosity but also refined the volume fraction of harmless and less harmful pores (< 200 nm). Consequently, the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete was improved, which in turn reduced the potential corrosion rate of reinforcement. From the results of service life prediction using Life-365 software, it is indicated that the utilization of SF for cement replacement effectively improved the corrosion resistance of steel bars in marine reinforced concrete. The service life against salt damage can be remarkably extended by substituting cement with an appropriate SF level.
本研究评估了掺入不同硅灰(SF)的混凝土的耐久性,并计算了这种混凝土在海洋环境中的使用寿命。试样采用三种不同的硅灰含量(即硅灰取代水泥质量的 8%、10% 和 12%)制备。制备混凝土试样时使用了三种水/粘合剂比率(0.25、0.30 和 0.35)。力学性能通过压缩和劈裂拉伸试验进行评估。采用氯化物快速渗透和氯化物迁移实验来评估混凝土的耐久性。结果表明,掺入 10% SF 的混合物性能最佳。掺入 SF 不仅降低了总孔隙率,还细化了无害孔隙和较无害孔隙的体积分数(< 200 nm)。因此,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性得到了提高,从而降低了钢筋的潜在腐蚀率。使用 Life-365 软件预测使用寿命的结果表明,使用 SF 替代水泥可有效提高海工钢筋混凝土中钢筋的抗腐蚀能力。用适当浓度的 SF 替代水泥,可显著延长抗盐害的使用寿命。
{"title":"Mechanical properties and service life analysis of high strength concrete using different silica fume contents in marine environment in Vietnam","authors":"Long Khanh Nguyen , Thi Tuyet Trinh Nguyen , Sang Thanh Nguyen , Trinh Quoc Ngo , Thanh-Hai Le , Viet Quoc Dang , Lanh Si Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the durability of concrete incorporating different silica fume (SF) content and also computed the service life of this concrete in marine environments. The specimens were prepared with three different SF content (i.e. 8%, 10%, and 12% by mass of cement replaced with SF). Three water/binder ratios (0.25, 0.30, and 0.35) were used for preparing concrete specimens. The mechanical properties were assessed via compression and splitting tensile tests. The rapid chloride penetration and chloride migration experiments were employed to evaluate the durability of concrete. The results showed that the mixture with 10% SF replacement showed the best performance. The inclusion of SF not only reduced the total porosity but also refined the volume fraction of harmless and less harmful pores (< 200 nm). Consequently, the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete was improved, which in turn reduced the potential corrosion rate of reinforcement. From the results of service life prediction using Life-365 software, it is indicated that the utilization of SF for cement replacement effectively improved the corrosion resistance of steel bars in marine reinforced concrete. The service life against salt damage can be remarkably extended by substituting cement with an appropriate SF level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187723001839/pdfft?md5=b27fa4c540b788ffea2ffea54d590e2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187723001839-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82419603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.031
Amani K. Samha
The increased market activity and visibility have resulted in a growing demand for additional computer resources to meet the needs of cloud clients. Delivering promised quality of service (QoS) while fulfilling diverse resource demands dynamically might be difficult for a single Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Federated cloud computing, also known as distributed cloud computing, is an established paradigm in which CSPs collaborate to aggregate unused resources, resulting in financial and QoS benefits. Notably, this strategy improves availability and reliability while overcoming individual CSP difficulties in preserving QoS amid fluctuations in resource demand. The federated cloud successfully leverages computing resources even during low-demand periods, demanding a comprehensive resource management strategy for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) inside participating CSPs. Such a strategy is crucial for preserving QoS, ensuring availability and dependability, and optimizing underutilized computing resources. This research presents the novel IaaS cloud design, revealing a unique methodology that reimagines traditional cloud systems. The proposed IaaS cloud framework investigates virtual machine migration and resource consolidation, building a strong foundation founded on IaaS principles and emphasizing the crucial role of virtualization. The technique introduces ground-breaking concepts such as Cloud User (CU) and Reputation Management, which are strengthened by specific algorithms that improve cloud service security and trust. Furthermore, the combination of Trust Manager (TM) and Broker Manager (BM) components strengthens SLA control and trust evaluation, aligning smoothly with IaaS standards to improve service quality and reliability. User Profiling, which is classified into private, social, and corporate profiles, provides a separate lens for successful cloud user management inside the IaaS landscape, allowing for customised service delivery. SMI and cutting-edge ranking algorithms, such as the Deep Q-based Algorithm, optimize cloud service provider selection and ranking—an important aspect of IaaS. The use of the Banker's algorithm and a comprehensive Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management plan provides efficient resource allocation, mirroring recognized IaaS standards. This research study not only throws light on these trailblazing techniques, but it also establishes a new standard for IaaS cloud design and resource management.
{"title":"Strategies for efficient resource management in federated cloud environments supporting Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)","authors":"Amani K. Samha","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increased market activity and visibility have resulted in a growing demand for additional computer resources to meet the needs of cloud clients. Delivering promised quality of service (QoS) while fulfilling diverse resource demands dynamically might be difficult for a single Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Federated cloud computing, also known as distributed cloud computing, is an established paradigm in which CSPs collaborate to aggregate unused resources, resulting in financial and QoS benefits. Notably, this strategy improves availability and reliability while overcoming individual CSP difficulties in preserving QoS amid fluctuations in resource demand. The federated cloud successfully leverages computing resources even during low-demand periods, demanding a comprehensive resource management strategy for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) inside participating CSPs. Such a strategy is crucial for preserving QoS, ensuring availability and dependability, and optimizing underutilized computing resources. This research presents the novel IaaS cloud design, revealing a unique methodology that reimagines traditional cloud systems. The proposed IaaS cloud framework investigates virtual machine migration and resource consolidation, building a strong foundation founded on IaaS principles and emphasizing the crucial role of virtualization. The technique introduces ground-breaking concepts such as Cloud User (CU) and Reputation Management, which are strengthened by specific algorithms that improve cloud service security and trust. Furthermore, the combination of Trust Manager (TM) and Broker Manager (BM) components strengthens SLA control and trust evaluation, aligning smoothly with IaaS standards to improve service quality and reliability. User Profiling, which is classified into private, social, and corporate profiles, provides a separate lens for successful cloud user management inside the IaaS landscape, allowing for customised service delivery. SMI and cutting-edge ranking algorithms, such as the Deep Q-based Algorithm, optimize cloud service provider selection and ranking—an important aspect of IaaS. The use of the Banker's algorithm and a comprehensive Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management plan provides efficient resource allocation, mirroring recognized IaaS standards. This research study not only throws light on these trailblazing techniques, but it also establishes a new standard for IaaS cloud design and resource management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187723002924/pdfft?md5=339590bc202a3e67a189976154410840&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187723002924-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.016
Zhen-Yu Wang , Ze-Rui Xiang , Jin-Yi Zhi , Tie-Cheng Ding , Rui Zou
In order to improve the quality of physiological signals, a combined study of blind source separation and wavelet thresholding methods was conducted, resulting in the proposal of a multispectral adaptive wavelet denoising (MAWD) method. This method was employed in conjunction with an improved unsupervised source counting algorithm (USCA). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, three methods were used to calculate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE): soft thresholding, hard thresholding, and adaptive thresholding. The results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited strong applicability under soft thresholding. Specifically, compared to hard thresholding, the enhanced signal using soft thresholding showed an approximately 44.2% increase in SNR and a 28.8% decrease in RMSE, along with a 1.4% reduction in processing time. Moreover, when compared to adaptive thresholding, soft thresholding exhibited approximately 706% improvement in SNR, a 16.7% decrease in RMSE, and a 3.0% reduction in processing time. Multiple experiments were conducted to determine the optimal peak detection threshold range for USCA, which was found to be within the interval [0.001, 0.0001]. This range facilitated the separation of more sources, thereby enhancing the separation effectiveness and accuracy. To substantiate the effectiveness of the USCA method, tests were conducted on publicly available datasets of EMG, ECG, and EEG signals, all of which consistently demonstrated the advantages of this approach.
{"title":"A novel physiological signal denoising method coupled with multispectral adaptive wavelet denoising(MAWD) and unsupervised source counting algorithm(USCA)","authors":"Zhen-Yu Wang , Ze-Rui Xiang , Jin-Yi Zhi , Tie-Cheng Ding , Rui Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to improve the quality of physiological signals, a combined study of blind source separation and wavelet thresholding methods was conducted, resulting in the proposal of a multispectral adaptive wavelet denoising (MAWD) method. This method was employed in conjunction with an improved unsupervised source counting algorithm (USCA). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, three methods were used to calculate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE): soft thresholding, hard thresholding, and adaptive thresholding. The results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited strong applicability under soft thresholding. Specifically, compared to hard thresholding, the enhanced signal using soft thresholding showed an approximately 44.2% increase in SNR and a 28.8% decrease in RMSE, along with a 1.4% reduction in processing time. Moreover, when compared to adaptive thresholding, soft thresholding exhibited approximately 706% improvement in SNR, a 16.7% decrease in RMSE, and a 3.0% reduction in processing time. Multiple experiments were conducted to determine the optimal peak detection threshold range for USCA, which was found to be within the interval [0.001, 0.0001]. This range facilitated the separation of more sources, thereby enhancing the separation effectiveness and accuracy. To substantiate the effectiveness of the USCA method, tests were conducted on publicly available datasets of EMG, ECG, and EEG signals, all of which consistently demonstrated the advantages of this approach.</p></div><div><h3>Data Availability</h3><p>The authors do not have permission to share data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187723001773/pdfft?md5=565c2db9e7080e501555b457d5b16950&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187723001773-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78498791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025
Beriham Basha , Z.A. Alrowaili , Maryam Al Huwayz , Marzoqa. M. Alnairi , Sultan J. Alsufyani , Canel Eke , I.O. Olarinoye , M.S. Al-Buriahi
The radiation (beta particles (β), protons (1H), α-particles (He2+), carbon ions (C6+), fast neutrons (FN), and thermal neutrons (TN)) absorption parameters of 75TeO2–10MoO3–10BaO–(5-x)Sm2O3–xBi2O3 glass system were evaluated and presented along with their optical parameters in this study. The parameters were analyzed with the objective of evaluating the role of Sm and Bi atoms in altering the optical and radiation characteristics of the glass system. Starting with high-purity chemicals, namely BaCO3, Bi2O3, MoO3, TeO2, and Sm2O3, and following the melt-and-quench procedure, 75TeO2–10MoO3–10BaO–(5-x)Sm2O3–xBi2O3 glasses were prepared as TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 for Bi2O3 molar concentration of 0, 2, 4, 4.5, and 5 mol %, respectively. The optical parameters were computed theoretically from measured absorption spectra. The stopping powers and ranges of β-particles, protons, and α-particles were estimated using the ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR software, respectively, while the SRIM code was used to compute for heavy carbon ions. In addition, the cross-sections of fast (FN) and thermal (TN) neutrons were computed using the standard expressions. There was a positive correlation between Bi2O3 content and the molar volume of the glasses. The refractive indices vary slightly between 2.53 and 2.56. The molar refractivity () values for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 are 19.769 cm3/mol, 19.730 cm3/mol, 19.689 cm3/mol, 19.656 cm3/mol, and 19.754 cm3/mol, respectively. The values of for proton are highest at 0.09 MeV with values of 284.047, 281.041, 278.135, 277.434 and 276.633 MeV cm2/g for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5, respectively. The Bi2O3 content thus improved the CR shielding ability of the glass system slightly. The optimum Bi2O3 concentration for FN shielding is 4 mol %. In addition, Bi2O3 compromised the TN absorption ability of the TeMoBa-Sm/Bi glass system.
{"title":"Designing and significantly improved TeO2-based glass system for nuclear engineering applications: Radiation shielding performance and optical transparency","authors":"Beriham Basha , Z.A. Alrowaili , Maryam Al Huwayz , Marzoqa. M. Alnairi , Sultan J. Alsufyani , Canel Eke , I.O. Olarinoye , M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The radiation (beta particles (β), protons (<sup>1</sup>H), α-particles (He<sup>2+</sup>), carbon ions (C<sup>6+</sup>), fast neutrons (FN), and thermal neutrons (TN)) absorption parameters of 75TeO<sub>2</sub>–10MoO<sub>3</sub>–10BaO–(<em>5-x</em>)Sm2O3–<em>x</em>Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass system were evaluated and presented along with their optical parameters in this study. The parameters were analyzed with the objective of evaluating the role of Sm and Bi atoms in altering the optical and radiation characteristics of the glass system. Starting with high-purity chemicals, namely BaCO<sub>3</sub>, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoO3, TeO<sub>2</sub>, and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and following the melt-and-quench procedure, 75TeO<sub>2</sub>–10MoO<sub>3</sub>–10BaO–(<em>5-x</em>)Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–<em>x</em>Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glasses were prepared as TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 for Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> molar concentration of 0, 2, 4, 4.5, and 5 mol %, respectively. The optical parameters were computed theoretically from measured absorption spectra. The stopping powers and ranges of β-particles, protons, and α-particles were estimated using the ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR software, respectively, while the SRIM code was used to compute for heavy carbon ions. In addition, the cross-sections of fast (FN) and thermal (TN) neutrons were computed using the standard expressions. There was a positive correlation between Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content and the molar volume of the glasses. The refractive indices vary slightly between 2.53 and 2.56. The molar refractivity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) values for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5 are 19.769 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.7<sup>3</sup>0 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.689 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, 19.656 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, and 19.754 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, respectively. The values of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for proton are highest at 0.09 MeV with values of 284.047, 281.041, 278.135, 277.434 and 276.633 MeV cm<sup>2</sup>/g for TeMoBa-Sm/Bi1, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi2, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi3, TeMoBa-Sm/Bi4, and TeMoBa-Sm/Bi5, respectively. The Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content thus improved the CR shielding ability of the glass system slightly. The optimum Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration for FN shielding is 4 mol %. In addition, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> compromised the TN absorption ability of the TeMoBa-Sm/Bi glass system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230718772300250X/pdfft?md5=f150b42f226045153b562187b1d03c99&pid=1-s2.0-S230718772300250X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135389735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.004
Sheetal Singh , Sanju Saini
Background
Chaotic oscillations within the power system give rise to instability. While these oscillations may not have an immediate impact on the synchrony of the machine, they stimulate one of the oscillation modes, ultimately leading to voltage collapse and a loss of synchronism.
Objective
This paper introduces a modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based Battery-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) as a solution to mitigate chaotic oscillations within a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system.
Methodology
An adaptable controller is implemented to manage the gate signal within the Battery-STATCOM. The AC-DC currents of this controller are optimally governed by two distinct WOA-tuned Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The battery storage unit serves as a robust voltage source, with the intelligent controller maintaining the DC-link voltage at the desired level.
Test Cases
Additional disturbances, such as gradual variations in reference voltage and electromagnetic torque, are introduced to exacerbate chaotic oscillations. This is done to assess the controller's real-world performance under adverse conditions.
Results and Conclusion
Under zero damping conditions, rotor parameters, including rise time, settling time, peak time, and overshoot, initially remain undefined due to uncontrolled oscillations. However, once the Battery-STATCOM is applied, these parameters are defined and achieve values (in seconds) of 0.90, 6.21, 1.71, and 21.10, respectively. After further optimization through the proposed modified WOA optimizer, the parameters reach values of 0.25, 1.01, 0.89, and 1.78, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic controller in suppressing overall chaotic oscillations within the power system.
{"title":"Alleviation and control of chaotic oscillations in SMIB power systems using a modified-Whale optimization-based battery-STATCOM","authors":"Sheetal Singh , Sanju Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chaotic oscillations within the power system give rise to instability. While these oscillations may not have an immediate impact on the synchrony of the machine, they stimulate one of the oscillation modes, ultimately leading to voltage collapse and a loss of synchronism.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper introduces a modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based Battery-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) as a solution to mitigate chaotic oscillations within a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>An adaptable controller is implemented to manage the gate signal within the Battery-STATCOM. The AC-DC currents of this controller are optimally governed by two distinct WOA-tuned Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The battery storage unit serves as a robust voltage source, with the intelligent controller maintaining the DC-link voltage at the desired level.</p></div><div><h3>Test Cases</h3><p>Additional disturbances, such as gradual variations in reference voltage and electromagnetic torque, are introduced to exacerbate chaotic oscillations. This is done to assess the controller's real-world performance under adverse conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Conclusion</h3><p>Under zero damping conditions, rotor parameters, including rise time, settling time, peak time, and overshoot, initially remain undefined due to uncontrolled oscillations. However, once the Battery-STATCOM is applied, these parameters are defined and achieve values (in seconds) of 0.90, 6.21, 1.71, and 21.10, respectively. After further optimization through the proposed modified WOA optimizer, the parameters reach values of 0.25, 1.01, 0.89, and 1.78, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic controller in suppressing overall chaotic oscillations within the power system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230718772300264X/pdfft?md5=a078be3960bac0ac7f30ae7f16e31162&pid=1-s2.0-S230718772300264X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135606436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.013
Tayebeh Amiri , Saeed-Reza Sabbagh-Yazdi , Mohammad T.A. Alkhamis
This study presents the details of the Galerkin finite volume method for triangular unstructured meshes and its application for the fracture analysis of 2D elasticity problems under simultaneous thermal and mechanical loading. The heat diffusion and elasticity equations are discretized using the Galerkin finite volume method (which, due to omitting matrix manipulation calculations, computations are considerably faster than FEM and XFEM Solvers). The maximum tangential stress criterion is presented after briefly describing the interaction integral formulation used to calculate the stress intensity factors in thermo-mechanical problems. The accuracy of the computed results of the present strategy under thermo-mechanical loads is demonstrated using some benchmark test cases. First, a thermal stress analysis of a plate with an inclined central crack under thermal boundary conditions is performed. Second, the development of a crack under mechanical stress boundary conditions is modeled. Third, crack propagation under both thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is simulated. The present modeling strategy's results are compared with those reported in previous numerical works to verify the accuracy. The stress intensity factors and predicted crack trajectories are utilized to assess the accuracy of computed results and investigate the quality of crack simulation by the proposed numerical method.
本研究详细介绍了三角非结构网格的 Galerkin 有限体积法及其在热负荷和机械负荷同时作用下二维弹性问题断裂分析中的应用。热扩散和弹性方程采用 Galerkin 有限体积法离散化(由于省略了矩阵操作计算,计算速度大大快于 FEM 和 XFEM 求解器)。在简要介绍了用于计算热机械问题中应力强度因子的相互作用积分公式后,介绍了最大切向应力准则。通过一些基准测试案例,证明了本策略在热机械载荷下计算结果的准确性。首先,在热边界条件下对带有倾斜中心裂缝的板进行热应力分析。其次,对机械应力边界条件下的裂纹发展进行建模。第三,模拟热边界条件和机械边界条件下的裂纹扩展。本建模策略的结果与之前的数值计算结果进行了比较,以验证其准确性。利用应力强度因子和预测的裂纹轨迹来评估计算结果的准确性,并研究拟议数值方法的裂纹模拟质量。
{"title":"Accuracy verification of fast adaptive galerkin finite volume solver for thermal and mechanical load crack propagation in triangular meshes","authors":"Tayebeh Amiri , Saeed-Reza Sabbagh-Yazdi , Mohammad T.A. Alkhamis","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the details of the Galerkin finite volume method for triangular unstructured meshes and its application for the fracture analysis of 2D elasticity problems under simultaneous thermal and mechanical loading. The heat diffusion and elasticity equations are discretized using the Galerkin finite volume method (which, due to omitting matrix manipulation calculations, computations are considerably faster than FEM and XFEM Solvers). The maximum tangential stress criterion is presented after briefly describing the interaction integral formulation used to calculate the stress intensity factors in thermo-mechanical problems. The accuracy of the computed results of the present strategy under thermo-mechanical loads is demonstrated using some benchmark test cases. First, a thermal stress analysis of a plate with an inclined central crack under thermal boundary conditions is performed. Second, the development of a crack under mechanical stress boundary conditions is modeled. Third, crack propagation under both thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is simulated. The present modeling strategy's results are compared with those reported in previous numerical works to verify the accuracy. The stress intensity factors and predicted crack trajectories are utilized to assess the accuracy of computed results and investigate the quality of crack simulation by the proposed numerical method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187723002742/pdfft?md5=6a3bc3210b929d514fd29c9a7a61094d&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187723002742-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In mass production, welding flaw detection in existing surface mount technology (SMT) has certain constraints, including its high costs, heavy workloads, and time-consuming processes. However, image classification technology using computer vision demonstrates high detection speeds and considerably reduced detection costs in flaw detection. Nevertheless, the increased integration of chip components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) and reduced component sizes pose challenges for flaw detection technology. Therefore, in this paper, an SMT welding image flaw classification model—that is, the ResNet-34-ECA model—based on an improved ResNet model, is proposed. Initially, the dataset is amplified using data amplification methods, such as stochastic rotation, increased data diversity, and enhanced model robustness. The ResNet34 model is then optimized using the light quantization efficient channel attention (ECA) module, resulting in higher classification accuracy. The experimental data in this study were collected using automated optical inspection (AOI) equipment, following the manual creation and amplification of the dataset. The experimental results showed that the baseline model accuracy increased by 0.22 in the augmented dataset, reaching 97.2%. Moreover, the ResNet-34-ECA model proposed in this paper could realize the classification of SMT welding image defects successfully; the overall classification accuracy of the improved ResNet image classification model was 0.01 higher than that of the baseline model, reaching 98.2%. Consequently, the proposed model proves to be better than other models in defect classification on this dataset, providing an accurate classification of SMT welding image defects.
{"title":"Image defect classification of surface mount technology welding based on the improved ResNet model","authors":"Qiang Zhang , Kaiyun Zhang , Kailin Pan , Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In mass production, welding flaw detection in existing surface mount technology (SMT) has certain constraints, including its high costs, heavy workloads, and time-consuming processes. However, image classification technology using computer vision demonstrates high detection speeds and considerably reduced detection costs in flaw detection. Nevertheless, the increased integration of chip components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) and reduced component sizes pose challenges for flaw detection technology. Therefore, in this paper, an SMT welding image flaw classification model—that is, the ResNet-34-ECA model—based on an improved ResNet model, is proposed. Initially, the dataset is amplified using data amplification methods, such as stochastic rotation, increased data diversity, and enhanced model robustness. The ResNet34 model is then optimized using the light quantization efficient channel attention (ECA) module, resulting in higher classification accuracy. The experimental data in this study were collected using automated optical inspection (AOI) equipment, following the manual creation and amplification of the dataset. The experimental results showed that the baseline model accuracy increased by 0.22 in the augmented dataset, reaching 97.2%. Moreover, the ResNet-34-ECA model proposed in this paper could realize the classification of SMT welding image defects successfully; the overall classification accuracy of the improved ResNet image classification model was 0.01 higher than that of the baseline model, reaching 98.2%. Consequently, the proposed model proves to be better than other models in defect classification on this dataset, providing an accurate classification of SMT welding image defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187724000348/pdfft?md5=823a5a69e8235bc17344b77ed83a4382&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187724000348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.010
Hewei Wang, Yao Luo
Cancer therapies are currently limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. All three methods risk damage to normal tissues or incomplete eradication of the cancer. Nanotechnology offers the means to target chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasms, guide in surgical resection of tumors, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiation-based and other current treatment modalities. All of this can add up to a decreased risk to the patient and an increased probability of survival. In the recent research, the properties of green formulation of silver nanoparticles by Malva sylvestris on human renal cell carcinoma cells were checked. The NPs characterization was run by the techniques of FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, and UV-Vis. The MTT assay was used to measure anti-renal cell carcinoma (against RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 cell lines) and cytotoxicity (against HUVEC cell line) activity of silver NPs. Interestingly, the nano-drug could resist significantly against those cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner, assessed by MTT method. The corresponding IC50 values of the nanoparticles were 118, 135, 66, and 147 µg/ml respectively against the RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 renal cell carcinoma cells, respectively. After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent silver nanoparticles may be used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in humans.
{"title":"Green mediated of nanoparticles by plant extract: Investigation of its performance to treat the human renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Hewei Wang, Yao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer therapies are currently limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. All three methods risk damage to normal tissues or incomplete eradication of the cancer. Nanotechnology offers the means to target chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasms, guide in surgical resection of tumors, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiation-based and other current treatment modalities. All of this can add up to a decreased risk to the patient and an increased probability of survival. In the recent research, the properties of green formulation of silver nanoparticles by <em>Malva sylvestris</em> on human renal cell carcinoma cells were checked. The NPs characterization was run by the techniques of FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, and UV-Vis. The MTT assay was used to measure anti-renal cell carcinoma (against RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 cell lines) and cytotoxicity (against HUVEC cell line) activity of silver NPs. Interestingly, the nano-drug could resist significantly against those cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner, assessed by MTT method. The corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> values of the nanoparticles were 118, 135, 66, and 147 µg/ml respectively against the RCC-JW (KTCTL-195), RCC-GH, CaKi-2, and HEK293 renal cell carcinoma cells, respectively. After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent silver nanoparticles may be used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230718772300216X/pdfft?md5=026babd07e52eed26fbbf0524ea5d6ba&pid=1-s2.0-S230718772300216X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.010
Siew Bee Aw, Pau Chung Leng, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling
This paper proposes that the light intensities of adjacent interior spaces should be concurrently evaluated to reduce the risk of glare when evacuees transition between spaces to reach the final exit. The prevention of glare during daytime evacuation has the potential to smoothen the evacuation process from a building. As all legislative, regulatory, and assessment tool recommendations currently used in Malaysia measure illuminance (in lux), this paper similarly evaluates illuminance instead of luminance for ease of initial adoption in the country. Illuminance recommendations in MS1525:2019, LEED, DOSH Guidelines, UBBL, GBI, GreenRE, Melaka Green Seal, and MyCREST were compared to determine the contrast ratio. The illuminance contrast is greatest at the final exit points, such as from parking structures, lobbies, and staircases, which are benchmarked against the Malaysian sky illuminance that can reach 100,000 lux. A contrast ratio as high as 2000:1 may occur if Malaysian offices were designed to only achieve the minimum illuminance requirements. Of the three assessed final exit spaces, naturally-lit fire escape staircases were selected for modelled simulation of illuminance performance using VELUX Daylight Visualiser 2. The findings ascertained that most typical staircase layouts are able to exceed the minimum illuminance requirements at noon, when the sun is potentially the most intense, although the contrast ratio may still reach 1480:1. While the contrast between intermediate spaces are acceptable, those between the final exit transitions and the outdoors are high, suggesting a risk of glare. Further studies are required to determine strategies to facilitate visual adaptation for Malaysians, such as the identification of an ideal acceptable illuminance contrast ratio, temporal adaptation period, or distance-based parameters.
本文提出,应同时评估相邻室内空间的光照强度,以降低疏散人员在不同空间之间过渡以到达最终出口时产生眩光的风险。防止白天疏散过程中的眩光有可能使建筑疏散过程更加顺畅。由于马来西亚目前使用的所有立法、监管和评估工具建议都是测量照度(以勒克斯为单位),因此本文同样评估了照度而非亮度,以方便在该国初步采用。对 MS1525:2019、LEED、DOSH 指南、UBBL、GBI、GreenRE、Melaka Green Seal 和 MyCREST 中的照度建议进行了比较,以确定对比度。最终出口处的照度对比度最大,如停车场、大堂和楼梯,这些地方的照度以马来西亚高达 10 万勒克斯的天空照度为基准。如果马来西亚办公室的设计只达到最低照度要求,对比度可能高达 2000:1。在评估的三个最终出口空间中,选择了自然采光的消防逃生楼梯,使用威卢克斯日光展示台 2 进行照度性能模拟。研究结果表明,大多数典型的楼梯布局都能在正午阳光最强烈的时候超过最低照度要求,尽管对比度仍可能达到 1480:1。虽然中间空间之间的对比度可以接受,但最后出口过渡区与室外之间的对比度却很高,这表明存在眩光风险。需要进一步研究确定促进马来西亚人视觉适应的策略,如确定理想的可接受照度对比度、时间适应期或基于距离的参数。
{"title":"Facilitation of visual adaptation to glare control for daytime fire evacuation from an office building in Malaysia","authors":"Siew Bee Aw, Pau Chung Leng, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes that the light intensities of adjacent interior spaces should be concurrently evaluated to reduce the risk of glare when evacuees transition between spaces to reach the final exit. The prevention of glare during daytime evacuation has the potential to smoothen the evacuation process from a building. As all legislative, regulatory, and assessment tool recommendations currently used in Malaysia measure illuminance (in lux), this paper similarly evaluates illuminance instead of luminance for ease of initial adoption in the country. Illuminance recommendations in MS1525:2019, LEED, DOSH Guidelines, UBBL, GBI, GreenRE, Melaka Green Seal, and MyCREST were compared to determine the contrast ratio. The illuminance contrast is greatest at the final exit points, such as from parking structures, lobbies, and staircases, which are benchmarked against the Malaysian sky illuminance that can reach 100,000 lux. A contrast ratio as high as 2000:1 may occur if Malaysian offices were designed to only achieve the minimum illuminance requirements. Of the three assessed final exit spaces, naturally-lit fire escape staircases were selected for modelled simulation of illuminance performance using VELUX Daylight Visualiser 2. The findings ascertained that most typical staircase layouts are able to exceed the minimum illuminance requirements at noon, when the sun is potentially the most intense, although the contrast ratio may still reach 1480:1. While the contrast between intermediate spaces are acceptable, those between the final exit transitions and the outdoors are high, suggesting a risk of glare. Further studies are required to determine strategies to facilitate visual adaptation for Malaysians, such as the identification of an ideal acceptable illuminance contrast ratio, temporal adaptation period, or distance-based parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307187723002705/pdfft?md5=baf309a885e5a294cf683bd54f7382ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2307187723002705-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135568498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.014
Xinbin Wang , Zhenyu Zhang , Qihao Yu , Pan Yue , Enlong Liu
During the construction of earth−rock dams in cold regions, the freezing−thawing of impervious soil causes significant changes in its physical and mechanical properties, which affects the quality and operation safety of the project. To enhance the impervious soil anti−freezing capacity, the hollow polycarbonate panel heating method (HPPHM) was innovatively proposed. Based on the mechanism and in−situ tests, the heating mechanism and effect of HPPHM on impervious soil were investigated. The test results indicated that HPPHM can primarily heat the soil through solar radiation, raising the soil temperature. Furthermore, the air layer inside the panel serves as thermal insulation, effectively preventing the soil internal heat from dissipating. The in−situ test results showed that soil freezing was not observed under HPPHM, and the soil surface temperature was approximately 6 °C higher compared to the control site. The heating influence depth of HPPHM on the impervious soil was approximately 175 cm. Additionally, the soil heat under HPPHM experienced a significant increase of 12537.1 kJ. This study provides a scientific method for improving construction efficiency and quality in cold regions.
{"title":"Mechanism and efficiency of a hollow polycarbonate panel heating method on impervious soil of dams in cold regions","authors":"Xinbin Wang , Zhenyu Zhang , Qihao Yu , Pan Yue , Enlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the construction of earth−rock dams in cold regions, the freezing−thawing of impervious soil causes significant changes in its physical and mechanical properties, which affects the quality and operation safety of the project. To enhance the impervious soil anti−freezing capacity, the hollow polycarbonate panel heating method (HPPHM) was innovatively proposed. Based on the mechanism and in−situ tests, the heating mechanism and effect of HPPHM on impervious soil were investigated. The test results indicated that HPPHM can primarily heat the soil through solar radiation, raising the soil temperature. Furthermore, the air layer inside the panel serves as thermal insulation, effectively preventing the soil internal heat from dissipating. The in−situ test results showed that soil freezing was not observed under HPPHM, and the soil surface temperature was approximately 6 °C higher compared to the control site. The heating influence depth of HPPHM on the impervious soil was approximately 175 cm. Additionally, the soil heat under HPPHM experienced a significant increase of 12537.1 kJ. This study provides a scientific method for improving construction efficiency and quality in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230718772300319X/pdfft?md5=6dffb413e830ba0381de656fc49f0064&pid=1-s2.0-S230718772300319X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}