Journal of Engineering Research最新文献_第4页

Next-gen strain sensors: Self-healing, ultra-sensitive, lightweight, and durable MWCNT-silicone rubber for advanced human motion tracking 下一代应变传感器：自修复，超敏感，轻便，耐用的mwcnt硅橡胶先进的人体运动跟踪

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.009

Muhammad Luthfi Hakim , Herianto , Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun

Strain sensors that have flexible wearable forms can be applied in different aspects, such as in soft robotics, human-computer interaction, motion monitoring, and medical treatment process. The main challenge is creating lightweight, flexible sensors with high sensitivity. In this study, we developed flexible strain sensors using a simple sandwich manufacturing method. To achieve this, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chosen for their excellent conductivity, while silicone rubber (SR) provided a flexible and durable substrate. Advanced SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses were conducted to assess the material structure. Furthermore, the electromechanical performance of the sensors was thoroughly evaluated, highlighting their potential in real-world applications. Electromechanical performance evaluation showed that the SR/0.7-MWCNT/SR sensor in the 0–90 % strain range had a sensitivity of 34.47, an increase of 53.35 %, and a linearity of 0.978, an increase of 10 % compared to the SR/0.5-MWCNT/SR sensor. In addition, the sensor has extremely fast response and recovery times of 65 ms and 60 ms, respectively. The sensor is also able to withstand up to 1.200 cycles of stretching, twisting, and bending. The sensor also exhibited good autonomous electromechanical self-healing properties against physical damage. The sensor developed in the present study are proven to be used to detect human movements such as finger bending, wrist, elbow, and knee movements.

具有柔性可穿戴形式的应变传感器可以应用于软机器人、人机交互、运动监测和医疗过程等各个方面。主要的挑战是制造轻量级、柔性、高灵敏度的传感器。在这项研究中，我们使用简单的三明治制造方法开发了柔性应变传感器。为了实现这一目标，选择了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs），因为它们具有优异的导电性，而硅橡胶（SR）提供了灵活耐用的基板。进行了先进的SEM-EDX和FTIR分析来评估材料结构。此外，对传感器的机电性能进行了全面评估，突出了它们在实际应用中的潜力。机电性能评价表明，SR/0.7-MWCNT/SR传感器在0-90 %应变范围内的灵敏度为34.47，比SR/0.5-MWCNT/SR传感器提高53.35 %，线性度为0.978，比SR/0.5-MWCNT/SR传感器提高10 %。此外，该传感器具有极快的响应和恢复时间，分别为65 ms和60 ms。该传感器还能够承受高达1200次的拉伸、扭曲和弯曲循环。该传感器对物理损伤也表现出良好的自主机电自愈性能。本研究中开发的传感器已被证明可用于检测人体运动，如手指弯曲、手腕、肘部和膝盖运动。

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引用次数: 0

Subcritical water extraction on phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity from Orthosiphon Stamineus leaves: Experimental and optimization 亚临界水提取法提取拟金莲叶中酚类、黄酮类及抗氧化活性：实验与优化

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.001

Sarah Aisyah Khurun Hizar , Nicky Rahmana Putra , Rovina Kobun , Siti Faridah Mohd Amin , Jumardi Roslan , Macdalyna Esther Ronie , Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini , Hasmadi Mamat , Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz

Orthosiphon stamineus is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, contributing to its antioxidant properties. This study focuses optimizes the extraction of bioactive compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves using subcritical water (SCW) extraction. Response surface methodology was employed, with temperature (120–180 °C), flow rate (2–8 mL min⁻¹), and extraction time (5–15 min) as independent variables. Dependent variables included extract yield, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Optimal conditions were found at 148 °C, 5.1 mL min⁻¹, and 10.5 min, resulting in a maximum yield of 317.6 mg g⁻¹, TPC of 12.71 mg 100 g⁻¹, TFC of 74.09 mg 100 g⁻¹, and AA of 87.48 %. The research highlights the significant influence of temperature as the most crucial parameter, followed by flow rate and extraction time, in achieving the highest yield and bioactive compound content. This investigation holds potential implications for the food processing industry, showcasing the relevance of optimizing extraction conditions to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of natural ingredients like Orthosiphon stamineus in food products.

正虹吸管含有丰富的酚类和类黄酮化合物，有助于其抗氧化性能。本研究重点研究了亚临界水萃取法提取正虹吸（Orthosiphon stamineus）叶片中活性物质的工艺条件。采用响应面法，以温度（120-180°C）、流速（2-8 mL min−1）、提取时间（5-15 min）为自变量。因变量包括提取物得率、总酚类化合物（TPC）、总黄酮（TFC）和抗氧化活性（AA）。最优条件被发现在148°C, 5.1 mL 分钟−1和10.5 min,导致最高产量为317.6 毫克 克−1,TPC 12.71毫克100 克−1,交通74.09 毫克100 克−1和AA 87.48 %。研究结果表明，温度是最重要的参数，其次是流速和提取时间，对获得最高的产率和生物活性化合物含量有重要影响。这项研究对食品加工业具有潜在的意义，展示了优化提取条件与提高食品中天然成分（如Orthosiphon stamineus）的营养和功能特性的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing mode-I fracture toughness of GLARE composites through pre-crack insert film thickness variation 通过改变预裂插入膜厚度提高眩光复合材料的i型断裂韧性

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.01.005

Asad Yousaf , Muhammad Abas , Amar Ul Hassan Khawaja , Muhammad Saleem Khan , Kamil Shaheed , Ashfaq Muhammad

Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) is a novel composite material developed to address limitations in mechanical properties and specific weight of traditional materials. This study investigates the influence of pre-crack insert film thickness on the Mode-I fracture toughness of GLARE composite materials. Utilizing AA2024-T3 aluminum and E-glass fibers, GLARE panels were fabricated with varying pre-crack thicknesses (13 μm to 120 μm) and tested for delamination resistance using double cantilever beam (DCB) tests by ASTM 5528 standards to determine the strain energy release rate (SERR) and Mode-I stress intensity factor (KIC). Results indicate that SERR and KIC increase with delamination length and pre-crack thickness, demonstrating enhanced resistance to crack propagation in thicker pre-crack specimens. Surface topography analysis revealed intact fibers and robust interfacial bonding between aluminum and glass fiber layers, improving fracture toughness. However, manufacturing defects such as blow holes were observed, emphasizing the need for optimized vacuum infusion and curing processes. These findings suggest that optimizing pre-crack thickness can enhance the delamination resistance of GLARE composites, making them more suitable for applications in aerospace and other industries requiring high damage tolerance and reliability.

玻璃层压铝增强环氧树脂（GLARE）是一种新型复合材料，旨在解决传统材料在机械性能和比重方面的局限性。研究了预裂插入膜厚度对眩光复合材料i型断裂韧性的影响。采用AA2024-T3铝材和e-玻璃纤维，制备了不同预裂厚度（13 μm ~ 120 μm）的眩光面板，并采用ASTM 5528标准进行双悬臂梁（DCB）测试，以确定应变能释放率（SERR）和i型应力强度因子（KIC）。结果表明，SERR和KIC随分层长度和预裂纹厚度的增加而增加，表明厚的预裂纹试件抗裂纹扩展能力增强。表面形貌分析表明，铝纤维和玻璃纤维层之间的界面结合良好，增强了断裂韧性。然而，制造缺陷，如气孔被观察到，强调需要优化真空注入和固化工艺。这些发现表明，优化预裂纹厚度可以增强眩光复合材料的抗分层能力，使其更适合航空航天和其他需要高损伤容限和高可靠性的行业。

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引用次数: 0

Effective weight reduction and random vibration transportation analysis of a vehicle’s logistic bin based on a response surface methodology 基于响应面法的车辆物流仓有效减重及随机振动输运分析

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.11.012

Jian Gao , Chang Qi , Tingting Miao

A logistic bin is an essential and important component of the automobile industry. Many automotive components are produced by suppliers and transported to assembly plants using steel logistic bins to ensure transportation safety. This means that a lightweight logistic bin design is desirable for maintaining long-distance transport safety and reliability, but good random vibration performance also needs to be sustained. In this study, a novel procedure that enables a significant weight reduction for logistic bins is proposed. The approach is based on sensitivity analysis, Latin hypercube design and a response surface methodology. First, a finite element model of a logistic bin (including a panoramic sunroof) that considers the complexity of the structure is developed. The finite element simulation parameters are accurately set by conducting random vibration tests with a vibration table. Latin hypercube design and a response surface methodology analysis are combined to perform effective weight reduction for the bin. Finally, the optimized structure is numerically verified with a random vibration test. The fatigue lifetime of the load increased and the maximum pressure on the bin component decreased for the proposed bin compared with the findings for the original model. Additionally, the optimized model is 8.15 % lighter than the original model, and enhanced vibration safety and reliability levels are achieved. The proposed weight reduction procedure can be used to quickly partition logistic bin components and achieve structural performance improvement and lightweight design.

物流仓是汽车工业必不可少的重要组成部分。许多汽车零部件由供应商生产，并使用钢制物流箱运输到装配厂，以确保运输安全。这意味着轻量化的物流仓设计不仅需要保持长距离运输的安全性和可靠性，而且还需要保持良好的随机振动性能。在本研究中，提出了一种新颖的程序，可以显著减轻物流箱的重量。该方法基于灵敏度分析、拉丁超立方体设计和响应面方法。首先，建立了考虑结构复杂性的物流仓（包括全景天窗）有限元模型。利用振动台进行随机振动试验，准确设置有限元仿真参数。拉丁超立方体设计和响应面方法分析相结合，以执行有效的重量减轻的bin。最后，通过随机振动试验对优化后的结构进行了数值验证。与原始模型的结果相比，所提出的料仓的载荷疲劳寿命增加，料仓部件的最大压力降低。优化后的模型比原模型轻8.15 %，提高了振动安全可靠性水平。提出的减重方法可用于快速分割物流仓部件，实现结构性能改进和轻量化设计。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing IoMT network security using ensemble learning-based intrusion detection systems 使用基于集成学习的入侵检测系统增强IoMT网络安全性

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.003

Mariam Ibrahim, Abdallah Al-Wadi

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is crucial for protecting Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) networks by detecting malicious traffic. This paper examines the use of ensemble learning to enhance IDS effectiveness in IoMT environments. We employ base models including Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), AdaBoost (ADA), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Logistic Regression (LR), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The performance of the integrated ensemble model is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our results demonstrate that the weighted voting ensemble of LR, ADA, and XGB achieved high performance, completing tasks in 12.42 seconds with an accuracy of 0.9960. The confusion matrix results further confirm its efficacy in accurate classification.

入侵检测系统（IDS）是通过检测恶意流量来保护医疗物联网（IoMT）网络的关键。本文探讨了在IoMT环境中使用集成学习来提高IDS的有效性。我们使用的基本模型包括随机森林（RF）、XGBoost （XGB）、AdaBoost （ADA）、多层感知器（MLP）、逻辑回归（LR）和k近邻（KNN）。集成集成模型的性能使用诸如准确性、精密度、召回率和f1分数等指标进行评估。我们的结果表明，LR、ADA和XGB的加权投票集合取得了很高的性能，在12.42 秒内完成任务，准确率为0.9960。混淆矩阵结果进一步证实了该方法在准确分类方面的有效性。

引用次数: 0

Metamaterial structure impacts on stress and bending fatigue lifetime of additive-manufactured 3D-printed PLA specimens 超材料结构对增材制造3d打印PLA试件应力和弯曲疲劳寿命的影响

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.12.011

Morteza Talati-Ahmad, Shokouh Dezianian, Mohammad Azadi, Ali Ghoddosian

The mechanical performance of a fatigue-standard specimen with an optimized mechanical property metamaterial unit cell is researched in this work. The selected metamaterial cell was identified based on prior studies and criteria related to mechanical efficiency. Both solid and metamaterial specimens were fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique with polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The two types of specimens were subjected to a rotary bending fatigue test, which determined the fatigue lifetime in both types of specimens under cyclic stresses with different amplitudes. Simulations of bending loads were carried out in order to analyze the stress distribution and fracture surface characterization by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that the weight of the metamaterial specimens was 30 % less as compared to the solid ones. It resulted in an increase of 85 % in the maximum Von Mises stresses of solid samples. Through fatigue testing, a number of metamaterial specimens supported higher levels of stresses with longer fatigue lifetimes at all tested stress amplitudes. The fracture surface analysis indicated some contributing factors to the fatigue failures due to the manufacturing defects, like gas porosity. Striation marks, indicative of crack growth, were observed in the struts of metamaterial specimens.

本文研究了采用优化力学性能的超材料单元胞的疲劳标准试样的力学性能。所选择的超材料电池是根据先前的研究和与机械效率相关的标准确定的。采用聚乳酸（PLA）长丝熔融沉积建模（FDM）技术制备了固体和超材料样品。对两种试样进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验，测定了两种试样在不同幅值循环应力作用下的疲劳寿命。利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）对弯曲载荷进行了模拟，分析了应力分布和断口特征。结果表明，与固体试样相比，超材料试样的重量减轻了30% %。它使固体样品的最大Von Mises应力提高了85 %。通过疲劳测试，许多超材料试样在所有测试应力幅值下都具有更高的应力水平和更长的疲劳寿命。断口分析表明，气孔等制造缺陷是导致疲劳失效的主要原因。在超材料试件的支板上观察到指示裂纹扩展的条纹痕迹。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of new nonlinear curvature models and non-local elasticity on buckling investigation of FG tapered nano-beams locating on elastic foundations 新的非线性曲率模型和非局部弹性对弹性地基上FG锥形纳米梁屈曲研究的影响

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.002

Zahra S. Hafed

New nonlinear curvature models are proposed to show their effects on the compressive critical buckling load on functionally graded (FG) tapered nano-beams locating on elastic foundations in the presence of non-local elasticity. Fourth and fifth orders finite difference methods (bvp4c and bvp5c) are applied on the governing differential equation which is a highly non-linear, due to curvature and has variable coefficients, due to properties. Dimensional analyses have been applied on the governing system together with the problem conditions to produce their dimensionless forms. For different considered parameters, the critical buckling load is computed using the eigenvalue theorem. The effects of nonlinear curvature, variable Young modulus, variable moment inertia and foundation parameters are studied and displayed in tables and figures. The stability and convergence of the present solution are tested using more than one strategy as: comparison with available results, comparison between bvp4c and bvp5c with different mesh intervals and tolerances of truncation errors. These comparisons show that, the new curvature model affects the critical buckling with different ratios depending on variability of properties and foundation parameters. The new results show that the nonlinear curvature model reduces the critical buckling load in comparison with the classical linear model, which, leads to decreasing in factor of safety in design of structures. The new results show that the design of structures will be influenced with the new reduction of the compressive critical buckling load, since it may affect the factor of safety in design of structures. The new results can lead, generally, to more reduction of critical buckling load for large or small input parameters and it will affect other critical values such that frequencies. The introduced Tables and Figures of the present problem with comparisons of previously exact, analytical and numerical works establish the higher accuracy and stability of current findings using bvp4c or bvp5c with preferable of the later. This study is related to some practical applications such as aeronautical and structural engineering.

提出了一种新的非线性曲率模型，用于研究弹性地基上功能梯度锥形纳米梁在非局部弹性作用下压缩临界屈曲载荷的影响。四阶和五阶有限差分方法（bvp4c和bvp5c）应用于控制微分方程，该方程是一个高度非线性的，由于曲率和具有可变系数，由于性质。对控制系统进行量纲分析，并结合问题条件，得到其无量纲形式。对于不同的考虑参数，利用特征值定理计算了临界屈曲载荷。研究了非线性曲率、变杨氏模量、变矩惯量和基础参数的影响，并以表格和图表的形式进行了展示。通过与已有结果的比较，bvp4c和bvp5c在不同网格间隔和截断误差容限下的比较，验证了该方法的稳定性和收敛性。结果表明，新曲率模型对临界屈曲的影响程度随结构特性和基础参数的变化而不同。新的研究结果表明，与经典的线性模型相比，非线性曲率模型降低了结构的临界屈曲载荷，从而降低了结构设计中的安全系数。新的研究结果表明，压缩临界屈曲载荷的进一步降低将影响结构的设计，因为它可能影响结构设计中的安全系数。通常，新的结果可以导致更大或更小的输入参数的临界屈曲载荷的降低，并将影响其他临界值，如频率。介绍了目前问题的表格和图表，并与以前的精确、解析和数值工作进行了比较，确定了目前使用bvp4c或bvp5c计算结果的准确性和稳定性更高，后者更优。本研究与航空工程、结构工程等实际应用有关。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing indoor Li-Fi system efficiency using light reflective materials and lenses 使用光反射材料和透镜提高室内Li-Fi系统效率

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.014

Ahmet Fetullah Yilmaz , Indrit Myderrizi

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology can be an alternative to Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) with its high-speed internet access and high bandwidth and can play an important role in wireless network technology. It can be a collaborative technology to offer internet access in places subject to electromagnetic interference, such as hospitals, airplanes, etc. In this research, the implementation and analysis of a comprehensive Li-Fi system was carried out. The system was developed to overcome the disadvantage of existing Li-Fi systems that operate only in direct line of sight. Optical materials such as flat mirror and convex lens are used to direct and focus the light beam emitted from the transmitter to the receiver, respectively. Li-Fi systems, from the simplest to the most comprehensive, were tested for data transfer rate metrics for both in-sight and out-of-sight users. The use of lenses improves system performance by 5 % for direct line-of-sight users. The use of light reflective materials as mirrors enabled Li-Fi connectivity for users outside the line of sight, while the use of lenses increased the data rate by 164.4 %. The obtained performance results show that the distance of the transmitter to the receiver can be handled efficiently by means of optical materials (mirror and/or lens). Thus, the use of mirrors or light reflective materials can effectively extend the distance, and lenses can concentrate the light on the receiver, increasing the data throughput.

光保真（Li-Fi）技术可以替代无线保真（Wi-Fi）技术，它具有高速上网和高带宽的特点，可以在无线网络技术中发挥重要作用。它可以是一种协作技术，在医院、飞机等受电磁干扰的地方提供互联网接入。在本研究中，对一个全面的Li-Fi系统进行了实现和分析。该系统是为了克服现有Li-Fi系统只能在视线范围内工作的缺点而开发的。光学材料如平面镜和凸透镜分别用于引导和聚焦从发射器发射到接收器的光束。Li-Fi系统，从最简单的到最全面的，测试了视线内和视线外用户的数据传输速率指标。使用透镜可使直接视距用户的系统性能提高5 %。使用光反射材料作为镜子，使用户能够在视线之外连接Li-Fi，而使用透镜则将数据速率提高了164.4 %。得到的性能结果表明，利用光学材料（反射镜和/或透镜）可以有效地处理发射器到接收器的距离。因此，使用反射镜或光反射材料可以有效地延长距离，透镜可以将光集中在接收器上，增加数据吞吐量。

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引用次数: 0

Integer Linear Programming-based constructive heuristics for Space Division Multiplexing networks 基于整数线性规划的空分复用网络构造启发式算法

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2025.02.010

Mehdi Mrad , Umar S. Suryahatmaja , Abdelrahman Ossama Elsayed , Anis Gharbi , Maged Abdullah Esmail

Industrial engineering plays a vital role in optimizing resource allocation and system performance, including the rapidly evolving domain of fiber optic network design. Integrating mesh topology with Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) presents a promising solution to increase fiber capacity. SDM exploits spatial dimensions to significantly expand system transmission capabilities, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional optical networks. This paper proposes a constructive heuristic approach that solves a sequence of newly formulated Integer Linear Programming (ILP) models to optimize SDM-based flexible optical networks. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in optimizing resource allocation by minimizing the maximum spectrum slices utilized across links and network cores. These findings highlight the potential of the approach to substantially improve network performance and scalability in response to increasing data demands.

工业工程在优化资源分配和系统性能方面起着至关重要的作用，包括快速发展的光纤网络设计领域。将网格拓扑结构与空分复用（SDM）相结合是提高光纤容量的一种很有前途的解决方案。SDM利用空间维度显著扩展系统传输能力，有效克服了传统光网络的局限性。本文提出了一种建设性的启发式方法，通过求解一系列新制定的整数线性规划（ILP）模型来优化基于sdm的柔性光网络。实验结果表明，该方法通过最小化链路和网络核心间的最大频谱切片来优化资源分配。这些发现突出了该方法的潜力，可以大幅提高网络性能和可伸缩性，以响应不断增长的数据需求。

引用次数: 0

Optimization of PV benefits for electric vehicles charging station using a deterministic method and fuzzy inference system method 采用确定性方法和模糊推理系统方法对电动汽车充电站光伏效益进行优化

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Engineering Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2024.10.018

Abir Mouelhi , Youssef Kraiem , Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni

Utilizing renewable energy, specifically Photovoltaic (PV), for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging presents diverse technical and economic opportunities, reflecting a recent trend in innovation and research to address global transportation challenges while highlighting the value of renewable sources. In this context, this paper aims to devise an optimal power management strategy for an EV charging station powered by a PV-based microgrid (MG). The main purpose is to improve the benefits of PV production in recharging EVs to increase self-consumption, decrease dependency on the power grid, and reduce energy costs. Production data from a real-scale MG at the Catholic University in France were used as a case study. This MG comprises a heterogeneous fleet of EVs, PV sources, stationary storage, EV charging stations, and a connection to the power grid. The optimization of PV benefits relies on leveraging the knowledge of EV characteristics to modulate their charge profile. In this context, two methods are used and compared for the modulation of the EVs' charging profile: a deterministic method and a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS)-based method. For each method, different scenarios emerge based on the knowledge or lack thereof of the EVs' characteristics. This methodology permits the optimal distribution of energy among multiple EVs and regulates the necessary power to achieve the desired charge level upon departure. It encourages charging through PV production, resulting in reduced energy costs. The comparison of total costs reveals notable differences between the deterministic and FIS approaches for both slow and fast charging modes. In the case of slow charging, the deterministic approach achieves savings of −863.4c€/day, whereas the FIS method delivers greater savings of −898.7c€/day. For fast charging, the deterministic approach yields savings of −524.6c€/day, while the FIS method results in even higher savings of −540.7c€/day. These results highlight that the FIS approach enables better cost management, primarily due to more efficient utilization of PV energy. Additionally, simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink confirm the effectiveness of the FIS-based method, which improves PV energy utilization to 98.20 %, compared to 81.60 % with the deterministic approach. This highlights the superior efficiency of the proposed FIS.

利用可再生能源，特别是光伏（PV），为电动汽车（EV）充电提供了多种技术和经济机会，反映了解决全球交通挑战的创新和研究的最新趋势，同时突出了可再生能源的价值。在此背景下，本文旨在设计基于pv微电网（MG）的电动汽车充电站的最优电源管理策略。主要目的是提高光伏发电在电动汽车充电中的效益，以增加自用，减少对电网的依赖，降低能源成本。法国天主教大学的实际生产数据被用作案例研究。这个MG包括一个由电动汽车、光伏电源、固定存储、电动汽车充电站和电网连接组成的异构车队。光伏效益的优化依赖于利用电动汽车特性的知识来调节其充电曲线。在此背景下，采用了两种方法来调制电动汽车充电曲线：确定性方法和基于模糊推理系统（FIS）的方法。对于每种方法，基于对电动汽车特性的了解或缺乏了解，会出现不同的场景。该方法允许在多辆电动汽车之间进行能量的最佳分配，并调节必要的功率，以在出发时达到所需的充电水平。它鼓励通过光伏发电进行充电，从而降低能源成本。总成本的比较揭示了确定性和FIS方法在慢速和快速充电模式下的显著差异。在慢速充电的情况下，确定性方法可以节省- 863.4欧元/天，而FIS方法可以节省- 898.7欧元/天。对于快速充电，确定性方法每天可节省- 524.6c€，而FIS方法每天可节省- 540.7c€。这些结果强调，FIS方法可以更好地管理成本，主要是由于更有效地利用光伏能源。此外，MATLAB/Simulink的仿真结果证实了基于fis的方法的有效性，与确定性方法的81.60 %相比，该方法将光伏能源利用率提高到98.20 %。这突出了所提出的FIS的优越效率。

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引用次数: 0