The slippery zone of Nepenthes alata depends on its highly evolved morphology and structure to show remarkable superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become a biomimetic prototype for developing superhydrophobic materials. However, the mechanism governing this phenomenon has not been fully revealed through model analysis. In this paper, the superhydrophobicity of slippery zone is studied by contact angle measurement, morphology/structure examination and model analysis. The slippery zone causes ultrapure water droplet to produce a considerably high contact angle (155.11–158.30°), and has a micro-nano scale hierarchical structures consisting of lunate cells and wax coverings. According to the Cassie-Baxter equation and a self-defined infiltration coefficient, a model was established to analyze the effect of structure characteristic on the contact angle. Analysis result showed that the calculated contact angle (154.67–159.49°) was highly consistent with the measured contact angle, indicating that the established model can quantitatively characterize the relationship between the contact angle and the structure characteristic. Our study provides some evidences to further reveal the superhydrophobic mechanism of Nepenthes alata slippery zone, as well as inspires the biomimetic development of superhydrophobic surfaces.
{"title":"Contact Angle of Nepenthes alata Slippery Zone: Results from Measurement and Model Analysis","authors":"Lixin Wang, Pan Pan, S. Yan, Shiyun Dong","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00019","url":null,"abstract":"The slippery zone of Nepenthes alata depends on its highly evolved morphology and structure to show remarkable superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become a biomimetic prototype for developing superhydrophobic materials. However, the mechanism governing this phenomenon has not been fully revealed through model analysis. In this paper, the superhydrophobicity of slippery zone is studied by contact angle measurement, morphology/structure examination and model analysis. The slippery zone causes ultrapure water droplet to produce a considerably high contact angle (155.11–158.30°), and has a micro-nano scale hierarchical structures consisting of lunate cells and wax coverings. According to the Cassie-Baxter equation and a self-defined infiltration coefficient, a model was established to analyze the effect of structure characteristic on the contact angle. Analysis result showed that the calculated contact angle (154.67–159.49°) was highly consistent with the measured contact angle, indicating that the established model can quantitatively characterize the relationship between the contact angle and the structure characteristic. Our study provides some evidences to further reveal the superhydrophobic mechanism of Nepenthes alata slippery zone, as well as inspires the biomimetic development of superhydrophobic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Ditta, A. Yaqub, Fouzia Tanvir, R. Ullah, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Bilal
Various molecules may modify the surface chemistry of commonly used nanomaterials (NMs), resulting in the synthesis of novel and safer NMs. The current study was delineated to evaluate the in vivo toxicity profiling of the silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs) conjugated with different amino acids. The L-glycine capped-AgNCs exhibited toxicity and caused tissue damage, while L-cystine and L-tyrosine capped-AgNCs showed protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. L-cystine-capped-AgNCs performed well as compared to other amino acids-AgNCs. The level of serum creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, and blood urea increased (p<0.05) in G2, G3, and G5 in comparison to G1 (control group). While an increase in bilirubin for G2 was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The ALT and AST elevated (p<0.05) in G4, however, other serological parameters in G4 and G6 didn’t show any noticeable change in their values. Histological analysis showed disturbed and deformed cellular structures in liver and kidney tissues of G2, G3, and G5. However, G4 and G6 samples demonstrated minute changes in comparison to G1. It is concluded that L-cystine and L-tyrosine-capped-AgNCs exhibited protective effects and should be tested further for developing safer nanoconjugates for biomedical uses.
{"title":"A Histopathological Evaluation of Amino Acids-Capped Silver Nanoconjugates (AgNCs) Against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Albino Mice","authors":"S. A. Ditta, A. Yaqub, Fouzia Tanvir, R. Ullah, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Various molecules may modify the surface chemistry of commonly used nanomaterials (NMs), resulting in the synthesis of novel and safer NMs. The current study was delineated to evaluate the in vivo toxicity profiling of the silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs) conjugated with different amino acids. The L-glycine capped-AgNCs exhibited toxicity and caused tissue damage, while L-cystine and L-tyrosine capped-AgNCs showed protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. L-cystine-capped-AgNCs performed well as compared to other amino acids-AgNCs. The level of serum creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, and blood urea increased (p<0.05) in G2, G3, and G5 in comparison to G1 (control group). While an increase in bilirubin for G2 was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The ALT and AST elevated (p<0.05) in G4, however, other serological parameters in G4 and G6 didn’t show any noticeable change in their values. Histological analysis showed disturbed and deformed cellular structures in liver and kidney tissues of G2, G3, and G5. However, G4 and G6 samples demonstrated minute changes in comparison to G1. It is concluded that L-cystine and L-tyrosine-capped-AgNCs exhibited protective effects and should be tested further for developing safer nanoconjugates for biomedical uses.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyan Qi, Guixiong Gao, Huixin Wang, Yunhai Ma, Hubiao Wang, Siyang Wu, Jiangtao Yu, Qinghua Wang
The naked mole rat incisors (NMRI) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which makes it a good prototype for design and fabrication of bionic mechanical systems and materials. In this work, we characterized the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of NMRI, and further compared these properties with the laboratory rat incisors (LRI). We found that (1) Enamel and dentin are composed of organic matter, inorganic matter and water. The ratio of Ca/P in NMRI enamel is higher than that of LRI enamel. (2) The dentin has a porous structure. The enamel has a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is more complex, regular and denser than the lamellar structure of LRI enamel. (3) Enamel has anisotropy. Its longitudinal nano-hardness is greater than that of transverse nano-hardness, and both of them are higher than that of LRI enamel. Their nano-hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increment of distance from the enamel-dentin boundary. The nano-hardness of dentin is smaller than that of enamel. The chemical composition and microstructure are considered to be the reasons for the excellent properties of NMRI. The chemical composition and unique microstructure can provide inspiration and guidelines for the design of bionic machinery and materials.
{"title":"Characterization of the Naked Mole Rat Incisors: Chemical Composition, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Hongyan Qi, Guixiong Gao, Huixin Wang, Yunhai Ma, Hubiao Wang, Siyang Wu, Jiangtao Yu, Qinghua Wang","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00004","url":null,"abstract":"The naked mole rat incisors (NMRI) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which makes it a good prototype for design and fabrication of bionic mechanical systems and materials. In this work, we characterized the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of NMRI, and further compared these properties with the laboratory rat incisors (LRI). We found that (1) Enamel and dentin are composed of organic matter, inorganic matter and water. The ratio of Ca/P in NMRI enamel is higher than that of LRI enamel. (2) The dentin has a porous structure. The enamel has a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is more complex, regular and denser than the lamellar structure of LRI enamel. (3) Enamel has anisotropy. Its longitudinal nano-hardness is greater than that of transverse nano-hardness, and both of them are higher than that of LRI enamel. Their nano-hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increment of distance from the enamel-dentin boundary. The nano-hardness of dentin is smaller than that of enamel. The chemical composition and microstructure are considered to be the reasons for the excellent properties of NMRI. The chemical composition and unique microstructure can provide inspiration and guidelines for the design of bionic machinery and materials.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45541227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathia Fabritius-Vilpoux, Joachim Enax, David Mayweg, Frederic Meyer, Michael Herbig, Dierk Raabe, Helge-Otto Fabritius
Enamel and dentin are susceptible to acids from food sources leading to dental erosion, a global problem affecting millions of individuals. Particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the tooth surface can influence the effects of acid attacks. Standardized bovine enamel and dentin samples with artificial saliva are used in an in vitro cyclic demineralization–remineralization protocol to analyze the structural changes experienced by tooth surfaces using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and to evaluate the potential of a HAP-based oral care gel in the protection of teeth from erosive attacks. The interfaces between HAP particle and enamel HAP crystallites are investigated using focused ion beam preparation and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that erosion with phosphoric acid severely affects enamel crystallites and dentin tubules, while artificial saliva leads to remineralization effects. The HAP-gel forms a microscopic layer on both enamel and dentin surfaces. Upon acid exposure, this layer is sacrificed before the native tooth tissues are affected, leading to significantly lower degrees of demineralization compared to the controls. This demonstrates that the use of particulate HAP as a biomaterial in oral care formulations can help protect enamel and dentin surfaces from erosive attacks during meals using a simple and effective protection principle.
{"title":"Ultrastructural changes of bovine tooth surfaces under erosion in presence of biomimetic hydroxyapatite","authors":"Kathia Fabritius-Vilpoux, Joachim Enax, David Mayweg, Frederic Meyer, Michael Herbig, Dierk Raabe, Helge-Otto Fabritius","doi":"21.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00017","url":null,"abstract":"Enamel and dentin are susceptible to acids from food sources leading to dental erosion, a global problem affecting millions of individuals. Particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the tooth surface can influence the effects of acid attacks. Standardized bovine enamel and dentin samples with artificial saliva are used in an in vitro cyclic demineralization–remineralization protocol to analyze the structural changes experienced by tooth surfaces using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and to evaluate the potential of a HAP-based oral care gel in the protection of teeth from erosive attacks. The interfaces between HAP particle and enamel HAP crystallites are investigated using focused ion beam preparation and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that erosion with phosphoric acid severely affects enamel crystallites and dentin tubules, while artificial saliva leads to remineralization effects. The HAP-gel forms a microscopic layer on both enamel and dentin surfaces. Upon acid exposure, this layer is sacrificed before the native tooth tissues are affected, leading to significantly lower degrees of demineralization compared to the controls. This demonstrates that the use of particulate HAP as a biomaterial in oral care formulations can help protect enamel and dentin surfaces from erosive attacks during meals using a simple and effective protection principle.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorophosphate Bio-Glass for Bone Tissue Engineering: In Vitro and In Vivo Study","authors":"P. Sankaralingam, Poornimadevi Sakthivel, Priscilla A.s., Abirami Periyasamy, Jenifa Begam Rahumathullah, Vijayakumar Thangavel","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathia Fabritius-Vilpoux, J. Enax, D. Mayweg, Frederic Meyer, M. Herbig, D. Raabe, H. Fabritius
{"title":"Ultrastructural chaNges of Bovine Enamel and Dentin Surfaces Under Chemical Erosion in Presence of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Crystallites","authors":"Kathia Fabritius-Vilpoux, J. Enax, D. Mayweg, Frederic Meyer, M. Herbig, D. Raabe, H. Fabritius","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raja Adil Sarfraz, Rizwan Ashraf, Saira Bedi, Iqra Sardar
To date, various reports have exhibited the antidiabetic activity of plant extracts, but this activity could be improved through the conversion of plant bioactives into metal nanoparticles. Aqueous plant extracts were prepared from two plants, Zingiber officinale and Mentha longifolia. Silver nanoparticles from aqueous plant extracts were synthesized and characterized through spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, in comparison with their respective plant extracts. After successful synthesis, these nanoparticles were evaluated for biological potentials of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The nanoparticles of both plants offered outstanding antidiabetic potential, but the silver nanoparticles of Z. officinale showed the highest inhibition potential of 80.52% to α-amylase even at lower concentrations. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be better antimicrobial agents against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli as measured through a well diffusion assay as compared with aqueous extracts. These nanoparticles offered antioxidant potential that was better than that of their plant extracts but was slightly lower than that of the positive control gallic acid. This study gives a direction for improvement of the biological activity of plant-based medicine through green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
{"title":"Bioactivity-guided nanoparticle synthesis from Zingiber officinale and Mentha longifolia","authors":"Raja Adil Sarfraz, Rizwan Ashraf, Saira Bedi, Iqra Sardar","doi":"21.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00018","url":null,"abstract":"To date, various reports have exhibited the antidiabetic activity of plant extracts, but this activity could be improved through the conversion of plant bioactives into metal nanoparticles. Aqueous plant extracts were prepared from two plants, <i>Zingiber officinale</i> and <i>Mentha longifolia.</i> Silver nanoparticles from aqueous plant extracts were synthesized and characterized through spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, in comparison with their respective plant extracts. After successful synthesis, these nanoparticles were evaluated for biological potentials of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The nanoparticles of both plants offered outstanding antidiabetic potential, but the silver nanoparticles of <i>Z. officinale</i> showed the highest inhibition potential of 80.52% to α-amylase even at lower concentrations. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be better antimicrobial agents against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> as measured through a well diffusion assay as compared with aqueous extracts. These nanoparticles offered antioxidant potential that was better than that of their plant extracts but was slightly lower than that of the positive control gallic acid. This study gives a direction for improvement of the biological activity of plant-based medicine through green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium (Mg) metal and its alloy degradation product magnesium ion (Mg2+) can stimulate the metabolic activity of bone cells, which is beneficial to bone growth and healing. With biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and magnesium particles as raw materials, electrospinning technology is used to prepare electrospun membrane materials doped with magnesium particles. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis technology and microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine are adopted to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the material. The biocompatibility of electrospun membranes and their potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes doped with magnesium particles were successfully prepared with electrospinning technology, and the material has a good porous structure. Magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes have good biocompatibility and have the potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Among them, the effects of 10% magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes were the most obvious. Clinically, these materials provide new ideas for the restoration of alveolar bone defects and provide an experimental basis for the realization of alveolar bone regeneration.
{"title":"Preparation of Mg/PCL electrospun membranes and preliminary study","authors":"Maheshati Abudihani, Yijun Yu, Qingqing Wang, Leiying Miao","doi":"21.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg) metal and its alloy degradation product magnesium ion (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) can stimulate the metabolic activity of bone cells, which is beneficial to bone growth and healing. With biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and magnesium particles as raw materials, electrospinning technology is used to prepare electrospun membrane materials doped with magnesium particles. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis technology and microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine are adopted to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the material. The biocompatibility of electrospun membranes and their potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes doped with magnesium particles were successfully prepared with electrospinning technology, and the material has a good porous structure. Magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes have good biocompatibility and have the potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Among them, the effects of 10% magnesium/PCL electrospun membranes were the most obvious. Clinically, these materials provide new ideas for the restoration of alveolar bone defects and provide an experimental basis for the realization of alveolar bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"73 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles encapsulating different kinds of therapeutic drugs are promising drug delivery systems for controlling release and targeting tumor cells. Chitosan nanoparticles made by polyelectrolyte complexation were designed as drug carriers using doxorubicin (DOX)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as hydrophobic/hydrophilic model drugs. The sizes of nanoparticles were 235 ± 13 and 177 ± 7 nm with narrow distributions. The effects of the initial drug amount and pH of the medium on drug-controlled release properties were evaluated, the model-fitting results and release mechanisms were analyzed as well. For 5-FU-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, the controlled-release effect was superior to that of DOX, indicating that the polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles were more suitable for hydrophilic drugs, particularly for negatively charged or electrically neutral drugs. Moreover, the release behaviors conformed with the first-order kinetic model, indicating that the nanoparticles were mainly released by diffusion during the drug release process; the system could also be fitted using the Higuchi model, showing that the entire drug release process was dominated by diffusion and supplemented by gradual dissolution. In all, the results suggested that chitosan nanoparticles made by polyelectrolyte complexation can be launched as a smart drug delivery system for cancer treatments.
{"title":"Chitosan-based nanoparticles for controlled release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs","authors":"Jing Zhao, Xiaoran Wang, Xingyue Deng, Kaiwen Liu","doi":"21.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles encapsulating different kinds of therapeutic drugs are promising drug delivery systems for controlling release and targeting tumor cells. Chitosan nanoparticles made by polyelectrolyte complexation were designed as drug carriers using doxorubicin (DOX)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as hydrophobic/hydrophilic model drugs. The sizes of nanoparticles were 235 ± 13 and 177 ± 7 nm with narrow distributions. The effects of the initial drug amount and pH of the medium on drug-controlled release properties were evaluated, the model-fitting results and release mechanisms were analyzed as well. For 5-FU-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, the controlled-release effect was superior to that of DOX, indicating that the polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles were more suitable for hydrophilic drugs, particularly for negatively charged or electrically neutral drugs. Moreover, the release behaviors conformed with the first-order kinetic model, indicating that the nanoparticles were mainly released by diffusion during the drug release process; the system could also be fitted using the Higuchi model, showing that the entire drug release process was dominated by diffusion and supplemented by gradual dissolution. In all, the results suggested that chitosan nanoparticles made by polyelectrolyte complexation can be launched as a smart drug delivery system for cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vu Thi Hong Hanh, Mai Xuan Truong, Tu Quang Tan, Thanh-Binh Nguyen
In this study, the authors investigated the anti-icing performance of a hierarchical slippery polymer thin film that is inspired by structures of the lotus leaf and Nepenthes pitcher plant. The polymer solution was mixed with the lubricant at the appropriate concentration to achieve slippery properties. The dry etching method followed by the spin-coating process was used to generate a uniform polymer microstructure on the thin film. The polymer nanostructure was then yielded by an additional plasma-etching method using carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) gas. The anti-icing efficiency was then compared with that of the non-functional samples to demonstrate the advantages of combination in all criteria. Moreover, a theoretical prediction based on the free-energy approach was used to measure the nucleation time at the interface and illustrated good agreement with real-time measurement. The results propose a new and facile approach for outdoor anti-icing applications.
{"title":"Nature-inspired slippery polymer thin film for ice-repellent applications","authors":"Vu Thi Hong Hanh, Mai Xuan Truong, Tu Quang Tan, Thanh-Binh Nguyen","doi":"21.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00027","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors investigated the anti-icing performance of a hierarchical slippery polymer thin film that is inspired by structures of the lotus leaf and <i>Nepenthes</i> pitcher plant. The polymer solution was mixed with the lubricant at the appropriate concentration to achieve slippery properties. The dry etching method followed by the spin-coating process was used to generate a uniform polymer microstructure on the thin film. The polymer nanostructure was then yielded by an additional plasma-etching method using carbon tetrafluoride (CF<sub>4</sub>) gas. The anti-icing efficiency was then compared with that of the non-functional samples to demonstrate the advantages of combination in all criteria. Moreover, a theoretical prediction based on the free-energy approach was used to measure the nucleation time at the interface and illustrated good agreement with real-time measurement. The results propose a new and facile approach for outdoor anti-icing applications.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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