Rashween Kaur Jagjit Singh, Khee Chung Hui, N. A. M. Salleh, Prakash Peechmani, F. Aziz, H. Abdullah, A. N. Rosli, N. S. Sambudi
The combination of organic and inorganic components has produced bioactive materials with excellent properties. Chitosan is a widely used organic component, which has received recognition as biocompatible material. On the other hand, naturally occurred pyrite so far received limited exposure as biomaterial, despite its great antibacterial activity. Hence, the incorporation of pyrite in chitosan matrix is expected to highlight the usage of pyrite as bioactive material, especially in antibacterial response. In this research, chitosan and oxalate-modified pyrite was combined to form beads at wt% pyrite loading of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The EDX analysis could confirm the loading of pyrite in the bead’s matrix. The beads exhibit high water absorption ability, with addition of pyrite could increase the absorption of water up to 37% compared to blank chitosan beads. The immersion of beads in simulated body fluid shows the bioactivity of beads by formation of apatite. Microbial activity against E. coli and S. aureus is exhibited for all composite beads containing oxalate-modified pyrite, especially for beads containing 5 wt% oxalate-pyrite.
{"title":"The synthesis of oxalate-modified pyrite/chitosan as antibacterial composite","authors":"Rashween Kaur Jagjit Singh, Khee Chung Hui, N. A. M. Salleh, Prakash Peechmani, F. Aziz, H. Abdullah, A. N. Rosli, N. S. Sambudi","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00022","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of organic and inorganic components has produced bioactive materials with excellent properties. Chitosan is a widely used organic component, which has received recognition as biocompatible material. On the other hand, naturally occurred pyrite so far received limited exposure as biomaterial, despite its great antibacterial activity. Hence, the incorporation of pyrite in chitosan matrix is expected to highlight the usage of pyrite as bioactive material, especially in antibacterial response. In this research, chitosan and oxalate-modified pyrite was combined to form beads at wt% pyrite loading of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The EDX analysis could confirm the loading of pyrite in the bead’s matrix. The beads exhibit high water absorption ability, with addition of pyrite could increase the absorption of water up to 37% compared to blank chitosan beads. The immersion of beads in simulated body fluid shows the bioactivity of beads by formation of apatite. Microbial activity against E. coli and S. aureus is exhibited for all composite beads containing oxalate-modified pyrite, especially for beads containing 5 wt% oxalate-pyrite.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48888233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research work, the Allium cepa (AC)bulb-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared successfully through a green synthesis approach. Phytocompounds present in the Allium cepa bulb successfully reduced and stabilized the Zn+2 ions into ZnO-NPs. Synthesis of the liquid form (L-ZnO-NPs) and calcined form (C-ZnO-NPs) were carried out. The color change of nanoparticles (NPs) colloidal solution from transparent to yellow, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks by UV-Visible spectroscopic analyses at 350 nm and 370 nm and Infrared spectrum shown functional groups below 700 nm, confirmed the synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The elemental composition of NPs revealed that the molecular weight of Zinc was 66 % and 61 % while Oxygen was 24 % and 26 % respectively in C-ZnO-NPs and L-ZnO-NPs. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the successful synthesis of rod-shaped, crystalline ZnO-NPs (30-35 nm) with uniform distribution. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay-based antioxidant potential of C-ZnO-NPs and L-ZnO-NPs were recorded as 72 % and 65 % inhibition respectively while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assays revealed 62 % and 48 % inhibition respectively at 75 µL concentration. ZnO-NPs showed good antimicrobial, in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. Hence, Allium cepa bulb based ZnO-NPs through a green chemistry approach can be considered an innovative addition to the science of free radical scavenging, diabetes, and microbial infection management.
{"title":"Allium cepa-based zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and biochemical potentials","authors":"Sheeza Masud, H. Munir, M. Irfan, M. Tayyab","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00038","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, the Allium cepa (AC)bulb-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared successfully through a green synthesis approach. Phytocompounds present in the Allium cepa bulb successfully reduced and stabilized the Zn+2 ions into ZnO-NPs. Synthesis of the liquid form (L-ZnO-NPs) and calcined form (C-ZnO-NPs) were carried out. The color change of nanoparticles (NPs) colloidal solution from transparent to yellow, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks by UV-Visible spectroscopic analyses at 350 nm and 370 nm and Infrared spectrum shown functional groups below 700 nm, confirmed the synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The elemental composition of NPs revealed that the molecular weight of Zinc was 66 % and 61 % while Oxygen was 24 % and 26 % respectively in C-ZnO-NPs and L-ZnO-NPs. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the successful synthesis of rod-shaped, crystalline ZnO-NPs (30-35 nm) with uniform distribution. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay-based antioxidant potential of C-ZnO-NPs and L-ZnO-NPs were recorded as 72 % and 65 % inhibition respectively while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assays revealed 62 % and 48 % inhibition respectively at 75 µL concentration. ZnO-NPs showed good antimicrobial, in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. Hence, Allium cepa bulb based ZnO-NPs through a green chemistry approach can be considered an innovative addition to the science of free radical scavenging, diabetes, and microbial infection management.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mature dandelion seeds can be easily abscised from their capitulum by a tiny vibration or a gentle wind, and the previous study has revealed their abscission mechanism, but the mechanism governing the attachment of immature dandelion seeds is still unclear. This paper aims to uncover the attaching mechanism by morphology/structure analysis and abscission force/angle measurement. Connecting region of the immature dandelion seeds consists of upper barbs from neighboring achenes, lower barbs of achene and their groove in capitulum. The upper barbs have hierarchical structures that form barb-barb interlock, the lower barbs and their groove produce barbs-groove wrapping, together endow the dandelion seeds with a firm attachment (abscission force >155.9 mN). The firm attachment weakens sharply with the growth of dandelion seeds, which attributes to the considerable changes in morphology/structure, showing the remarkable decrease of abscission angle (critical opened stage 37.1 ± 5.2°, full opened stage 11.6 ± 3.0°) and the tiny abscission force (10.67–0.35 mN). The results reveal the attaching mechanism of immature dandelion seeds, and may inspire some novel biomimetic designs for the controllable attachment/abscission materials.
{"title":"Attaching mechanism of dandelion seeds: results from morphology/structure and abscission force/angle","authors":"Lixin Wang, Guangshun Liu, Shan-yin Li","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00061","url":null,"abstract":"Mature dandelion seeds can be easily abscised from their capitulum by a tiny vibration or a gentle wind, and the previous study has revealed their abscission mechanism, but the mechanism governing the attachment of immature dandelion seeds is still unclear. This paper aims to uncover the attaching mechanism by morphology/structure analysis and abscission force/angle measurement. Connecting region of the immature dandelion seeds consists of upper barbs from neighboring achenes, lower barbs of achene and their groove in capitulum. The upper barbs have hierarchical structures that form barb-barb interlock, the lower barbs and their groove produce barbs-groove wrapping, together endow the dandelion seeds with a firm attachment (abscission force >155.9 mN). The firm attachment weakens sharply with the growth of dandelion seeds, which attributes to the considerable changes in morphology/structure, showing the remarkable decrease of abscission angle (critical opened stage 37.1 ± 5.2°, full opened stage 11.6 ± 3.0°) and the tiny abscission force (10.67–0.35 mN). The results reveal the attaching mechanism of immature dandelion seeds, and may inspire some novel biomimetic designs for the controllable attachment/abscission materials.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41890035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satoru Tachibana, Ryozo Noguchi, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi
Biomimetics is a technology that utilises biological structures for manufacturing, and is attracting attention globally in a wide range of fields. However, there are challenges in sharing and communicating development between researchers with different specialties. Biomimetic developments have conventionally been expressed in terms of unique or unconnected indicators, which makes it difficult to understand for outsiders and compare different topics. In this study, evaluation guidelines were developed to effectively share and compare. As the method is directly related to actual development, it is a new methodological framework used in the target-setting phase. Several indicators and criteria with both biology and engineering were set up, proposing ways of evaluating and expressing development topics. And, actual evaluations and comparison were performed on several examples. This study discusses the possible outcomes from the evaluated results, the applied use and the challenges of the evaluation method. A major advancement came with the use of composite indicators to evaluate results, which can be easily compared with other topics. It is expected to contribute to smoother communication and process, and to support decisions on the direction of development.
{"title":"Evaluation methods of biomimetic development: how can we compare and select topics?","authors":"Satoru Tachibana, Ryozo Noguchi, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00070","url":null,"abstract":"Biomimetics is a technology that utilises biological structures for manufacturing, and is attracting attention globally in a wide range of fields. However, there are challenges in sharing and communicating development between researchers with different specialties. Biomimetic developments have conventionally been expressed in terms of unique or unconnected indicators, which makes it difficult to understand for outsiders and compare different topics. In this study, evaluation guidelines were developed to effectively share and compare. As the method is directly related to actual development, it is a new methodological framework used in the target-setting phase. Several indicators and criteria with both biology and engineering were set up, proposing ways of evaluating and expressing development topics. And, actual evaluations and comparison were performed on several examples. This study discusses the possible outcomes from the evaluated results, the applied use and the challenges of the evaluation method. A major advancement came with the use of composite indicators to evaluate results, which can be easily compared with other topics. It is expected to contribute to smoother communication and process, and to support decisions on the direction of development.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khalil, A. El-Khatib, Rasha M. Hamouda, Sonia M Elshabrawy, S. Kandil
One of the major challenges in teeth re-mineralization is the slow rate of mineralization. In this paper, we developed electric field-aided mineralization system for rapidly regenerating teeth-like structure rapidly. The efficacy of application of electric field combined with Nano-chitosan gel, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate gel and their mixture was investigated as re-mineralizing accelerator for artificially demineralized teeth. Teeth samples have been demineralized by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and subsequently subjected to each gel alone and combined with electric field (20 mA- 5 min). The structural analyses of teeth samples were examined by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction patterns and its hardness was obtained by Vickers micro-hardness test. The results revealed that the addition of chitosan to casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate enhanced the re-mineralization of the tooth structure rather than each one individually. Furthermore, the application of electric field has enhanced teeth hardness and showed highest rate of re-mineralization. In conclusion, the proposed technique could be safely used to reduce the consuming time taken in re-mineralization and efficiently it may be used to increase tooth quality. It is suggested to study other biophysical parameters of using electric fields for in vivo applications.
{"title":"Enhancing of teeth remineralization by electric field aid (in vitro study)","authors":"A. Khalil, A. El-Khatib, Rasha M. Hamouda, Sonia M Elshabrawy, S. Kandil","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00042","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major challenges in teeth re-mineralization is the slow rate of mineralization. In this paper, we developed electric field-aided mineralization system for rapidly regenerating teeth-like structure rapidly. The efficacy of application of electric field combined with Nano-chitosan gel, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate gel and their mixture was investigated as re-mineralizing accelerator for artificially demineralized teeth. Teeth samples have been demineralized by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and subsequently subjected to each gel alone and combined with electric field (20 mA- 5 min). The structural analyses of teeth samples were examined by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction patterns and its hardness was obtained by Vickers micro-hardness test. The results revealed that the addition of chitosan to casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate enhanced the re-mineralization of the tooth structure rather than each one individually. Furthermore, the application of electric field has enhanced teeth hardness and showed highest rate of re-mineralization. In conclusion, the proposed technique could be safely used to reduce the consuming time taken in re-mineralization and efficiently it may be used to increase tooth quality. It is suggested to study other biophysical parameters of using electric fields for in vivo applications.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With superior adaptability, some elytron as modified forewing can perform mechanical protection for underlying hindwing and soft body while conduct color-changing in dynamically natural environment. There are mainly three color-changing styles of angle dependence, irreversible and reversible color-changing for elytra. Here, Popillia indgigonacea Motsch, Sagra femorata purpurea Lichtenstein and Dynastes tityus were chosen to investigate the relationship between color formation of three color-changing styles and mechanical properties of light weight and high strength. The optical and nanomechanical properties of purplish red S. f. p. Lichtenstein were obtained through angle-resolved spectroscopy system and nanoindenter, respectively. In finite element analysis, three geometrical structure models of color-changing relevant, irrelevant and the whole elytron models were designed, and then mechanical properties of six coupled bionic models of each beetle were investigated. The multilayer, convex closures and photonic crystal in the epicuticle can complete the dynamic presentation of structural colors by interference, scattering and photonic band gap when resourcefully resist external forces in low/high stress and strain with high/small elastic modulus and hardness. Meanwhile, other microstructures of multilayer and trabecular hollow are reasonably constructed to cooperatively display mechanical properties of light weight and high strength.
{"title":"The mechanical implementations in three kinds of color-changing beetle elytra","authors":"Wei Wu, Yueming Wang, Jiyu Sun","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00074","url":null,"abstract":"With superior adaptability, some elytron as modified forewing can perform mechanical protection for underlying hindwing and soft body while conduct color-changing in dynamically natural environment. There are mainly three color-changing styles of angle dependence, irreversible and reversible color-changing for elytra. Here, Popillia indgigonacea Motsch, Sagra femorata purpurea Lichtenstein and Dynastes tityus were chosen to investigate the relationship between color formation of three color-changing styles and mechanical properties of light weight and high strength. The optical and nanomechanical properties of purplish red S. f. p. Lichtenstein were obtained through angle-resolved spectroscopy system and nanoindenter, respectively. In finite element analysis, three geometrical structure models of color-changing relevant, irrelevant and the whole elytron models were designed, and then mechanical properties of six coupled bionic models of each beetle were investigated. The multilayer, convex closures and photonic crystal in the epicuticle can complete the dynamic presentation of structural colors by interference, scattering and photonic band gap when resourcefully resist external forces in low/high stress and strain with high/small elastic modulus and hardness. Meanwhile, other microstructures of multilayer and trabecular hollow are reasonably constructed to cooperatively display mechanical properties of light weight and high strength.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to compare effect of whole-body vibration on biomechanics of fused lumbar spine with different posterior stabilizers, including interspinous process spacer (IPS) and bilateral pedicle screw system (BPSS). Finite element model of lumbar interbody fusion with IPS or BPSS at L4–L5 level was constructed based on a healthy human whole lumbar spine. Transient dynamic and static analyses were employed to compute dynamic responses of deformation and stress for the models to a sinusoidal axial vibration load of ±40 N and its corresponding static axal loads (−40 N and 40 N), respectively. The results showed that for both the IPS and BPSS models, vibration amplitudes of the responses were significantly higher than corresponding changing amplitudes under static loads. The increasing effect of vibration load in endplate stress at L4–L5 reached 128.3% and 146.0% for IPS and BPSS models. By contrast, the increasing effects of vibration load in disc bulge and annulus stress at adjacent L3–L4 were nearly the same for these two models. It indicates that vibration sensitivity of fused level is lower when using IPS compared with BPSS, but there is no obvious difference in vibration sensitivity of adjacent level when using these two stabilizers.
{"title":"Biomechanical effect of vibration on the fused lumbar spine with different stabilizers","authors":"Wei Fan, Chi Zhang, Dan Zhan, Li-Xin Guo","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00020","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare effect of whole-body vibration on biomechanics of fused lumbar spine with different posterior stabilizers, including interspinous process spacer (IPS) and bilateral pedicle screw system (BPSS). Finite element model of lumbar interbody fusion with IPS or BPSS at L4–L5 level was constructed based on a healthy human whole lumbar spine. Transient dynamic and static analyses were employed to compute dynamic responses of deformation and stress for the models to a sinusoidal axial vibration load of ±40 N and its corresponding static axal loads (−40 N and 40 N), respectively. The results showed that for both the IPS and BPSS models, vibration amplitudes of the responses were significantly higher than corresponding changing amplitudes under static loads. The increasing effect of vibration load in endplate stress at L4–L5 reached 128.3% and 146.0% for IPS and BPSS models. By contrast, the increasing effects of vibration load in disc bulge and annulus stress at adjacent L3–L4 were nearly the same for these two models. It indicates that vibration sensitivity of fused level is lower when using IPS compared with BPSS, but there is no obvious difference in vibration sensitivity of adjacent level when using these two stabilizers.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clarence Rubaka, J. Gathirwa, H. Malebo, H. Swai, N. Sibuyi, A. Hilonga, Admire Dube
In the present study, a chitosan (CS)-coated liposome (LipCsP-Chitosan) nanocarrier was fabricated for the delivery of Carissa spinarum (CsP) polyphenols to improve bioavailability and anti-pneumococcal potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae. LipCsP-Chitosan was synthesized by the ion gelation method and characterized by using a Malvern zetasizer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR); CsP encapsulation and release kinetics were investigated. Anti-pneumococcal activity of the nanoformulations was accessed by agar-well diffusion and microdilution assays. LipCsP-chitosan exhibited a hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of 365.22 ± 0.70 nm and +39.30 ± 0.61 mV, respectively. CsP had an encapsulation efficiency of 81.5%. FTIR analysis revealed the interaction of the liposomes with chitosan and the CsP. A biphasic CsP release profile followed by a sustained release pattern was observed. LiPCsP-Chitosan presented a higher bioaccessibility of polyphenols in the simulated gastric phase (74.1% ± 1.3) than in the simulated intestinal phase (63.32% ± 1.00). LipCsP-chitosan had a relative inhibition zone diameter of 84.33% ± 2.51 when compared to CsP. At minimum inhibition concentration of 31.25 mg/mL, LipCsP-Chitosan reduced the viability of Klebsiella pneumoniae by 57.45% ± 3.76 after 24 h. The results obtained from the current study offer a new approach to the utilization of LipCsP-Chitosan as nanocarriers for candidate anti-pneumococcal agents.
{"title":"Chitosan-coated liposomes of Carrisa spinarum extract: synthesis, analysis and anti-pneumococcal potency","authors":"Clarence Rubaka, J. Gathirwa, H. Malebo, H. Swai, N. Sibuyi, A. Hilonga, Admire Dube","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00046","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a chitosan (CS)-coated liposome (LipCsP-Chitosan) nanocarrier was fabricated for the delivery of Carissa spinarum (CsP) polyphenols to improve bioavailability and anti-pneumococcal potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae. LipCsP-Chitosan was synthesized by the ion gelation method and characterized by using a Malvern zetasizer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR); CsP encapsulation and release kinetics were investigated. Anti-pneumococcal activity of the nanoformulations was accessed by agar-well diffusion and microdilution assays. LipCsP-chitosan exhibited a hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of 365.22 ± 0.70 nm and +39.30 ± 0.61 mV, respectively. CsP had an encapsulation efficiency of 81.5%. FTIR analysis revealed the interaction of the liposomes with chitosan and the CsP. A biphasic CsP release profile followed by a sustained release pattern was observed. LiPCsP-Chitosan presented a higher bioaccessibility of polyphenols in the simulated gastric phase (74.1% ± 1.3) than in the simulated intestinal phase (63.32% ± 1.00). LipCsP-chitosan had a relative inhibition zone diameter of 84.33% ± 2.51 when compared to CsP. At minimum inhibition concentration of 31.25 mg/mL, LipCsP-Chitosan reduced the viability of Klebsiella pneumoniae by 57.45% ± 3.76 after 24 h. The results obtained from the current study offer a new approach to the utilization of LipCsP-Chitosan as nanocarriers for candidate anti-pneumococcal agents.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bahar Asadi, H. Mirzadeh, N. Olov, Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, Raheleh Kheirbakhsh, R. Moradi, S. Amanpour, S. Bagheri‐Khoulenjani
Gelation at temperature below freezing point of solvent is known as cryogelation that attracted attention in regenerative medicine due to improved mechanical and structural properties. This study focuses on using cryogelation as a versatile method for fabricating biomimetic scaffolds with improved mechanical strength and larger pore size with potential for bone tissue engineering applications. These scaffolds comprising carboxymethyl-chitosan/gelatin/ nano-hydroxyapatite were formed via cryogelation. The effects of three parameters, including crosslinker concentration, mineral content and gelatin-to-polymer ratio, were investigated on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. In this work, MG63 cells were used for in vitro assay. In addition, in vivo assay was conducted to investigate the biocompatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds. The results showed that all scaffolds have a porous structure with interconnected pores with morphology similar to bone structure. Their pore size, porosity, and swelling ratio decreased with increased crosslinker concentration, while nano-hydroxyapatite has the opposite effect. XRD results also showed that the inorganic phase retained its crystallinity in the substrate with a slight decrease in crystal size. In addition, the scaffold showed no toxicity in either in vitro or in vivo studies. Obtained results showed that the biomimetic cryogels based on carboxymerthyl chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite has a potential for bone tissue engineering.
{"title":"Biomimetic cryogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering","authors":"Bahar Asadi, H. Mirzadeh, N. Olov, Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, Raheleh Kheirbakhsh, R. Moradi, S. Amanpour, S. Bagheri‐Khoulenjani","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.22.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.22.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Gelation at temperature below freezing point of solvent is known as cryogelation that attracted attention in regenerative medicine due to improved mechanical and structural properties. This study focuses on using cryogelation as a versatile method for fabricating biomimetic scaffolds with improved mechanical strength and larger pore size with potential for bone tissue engineering applications. These scaffolds comprising carboxymethyl-chitosan/gelatin/ nano-hydroxyapatite were formed via cryogelation. The effects of three parameters, including crosslinker concentration, mineral content and gelatin-to-polymer ratio, were investigated on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. In this work, MG63 cells were used for in vitro assay. In addition, in vivo assay was conducted to investigate the biocompatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds. The results showed that all scaffolds have a porous structure with interconnected pores with morphology similar to bone structure. Their pore size, porosity, and swelling ratio decreased with increased crosslinker concentration, while nano-hydroxyapatite has the opposite effect. XRD results also showed that the inorganic phase retained its crystallinity in the substrate with a slight decrease in crystal size. In addition, the scaffold showed no toxicity in either in vitro or in vivo studies. Obtained results showed that the biomimetic cryogels based on carboxymerthyl chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite has a potential for bone tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdem Gunsur, Hande Mumcu, C. Demir, Nevin Gul Karaguler, M. Karagüler
One of the most widely studied branches of biologically induced mineralization (BIM) processes is called microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) also known as microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) can be used as a method for the reinterpretation of waste natural stone particles into a sustainable material. By overcoming the need for synthetic adhesives or energy consuming firing or sintering procedures for regaining such wastes, a natural and sustainable solution is proposed through certain biological treatment processes. The aim of this study was to determine main processing variables affecting the microbially induced biocement production using waste stone as a scaffold material. Bacillus pasteurii bacteria are used for biological induction of calcite precipitation. A custom-made reactor was designed for controlled incubation and media injection to the waste stone scaffold. Parameters examined were particle size of the waste stones, effect of stone type on cementation, urease activity of the bacterial culture, temperature, pH and flow rate of media, mechanical strength of cemented scaffolds and water absorption capacity. This research demonstrates a potential solution towards the waste generation problem of the global natural stone industry through the treatment of such wastes with biologically induced mineralization for creating a sustainable and biogenic material.
{"title":"Biogenic material formation by the treatment of stone waste with biologically induced mineralization","authors":"Erdem Gunsur, Hande Mumcu, C. Demir, Nevin Gul Karaguler, M. Karagüler","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00007","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most widely studied branches of biologically induced mineralization (BIM) processes is called microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) also known as microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) can be used as a method for the reinterpretation of waste natural stone particles into a sustainable material. By overcoming the need for synthetic adhesives or energy consuming firing or sintering procedures for regaining such wastes, a natural and sustainable solution is proposed through certain biological treatment processes. The aim of this study was to determine main processing variables affecting the microbially induced biocement production using waste stone as a scaffold material. Bacillus pasteurii bacteria are used for biological induction of calcite precipitation. A custom-made reactor was designed for controlled incubation and media injection to the waste stone scaffold. Parameters examined were particle size of the waste stones, effect of stone type on cementation, urease activity of the bacterial culture, temperature, pH and flow rate of media, mechanical strength of cemented scaffolds and water absorption capacity. This research demonstrates a potential solution towards the waste generation problem of the global natural stone industry through the treatment of such wastes with biologically induced mineralization for creating a sustainable and biogenic material.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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