There is heavy demand for suitable implant materials with improved mechanical and biological properties. Classically, the demand was catered by conventional materials like metals, alloys, and polymer-based materials. Recently, nanomaterial reinforced composites have played a significant role in replacing conventional materials due to their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, high strength to weight ratio, long life, corrosion & wear resistance, and tailor-ability. Herein, we composed a systematic focus review on the role of nanoparticles in the form of composite materials for the advancements in orthopedic implants. Several nano materials-based reinforcements have been reviewed with various matrix materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, and polymers for biomedical implant applications. Moreover, the improved biological properties, mechanical properties, and other functionalities like infection resistance, drug delivery at the target, sensing, and detection of bone diseases, and corrosion & wear resistance are elaborated. At last, a particular focus has been given to the un-resolved challenges in orthopedic implant development.
{"title":"Nanomaterial reinforced composite for biomedical implants applications: a mini-review","authors":"Manjeet Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00061","url":null,"abstract":"There is heavy demand for suitable implant materials with improved mechanical and biological properties. Classically, the demand was catered by conventional materials like metals, alloys, and polymer-based materials. Recently, nanomaterial reinforced composites have played a significant role in replacing conventional materials due to their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, high strength to weight ratio, long life, corrosion & wear resistance, and tailor-ability. Herein, we composed a systematic focus review on the role of nanoparticles in the form of composite materials for the advancements in orthopedic implants. Several nano materials-based reinforcements have been reviewed with various matrix materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, and polymers for biomedical implant applications. Moreover, the improved biological properties, mechanical properties, and other functionalities like infection resistance, drug delivery at the target, sensing, and detection of bone diseases, and corrosion & wear resistance are elaborated. At last, a particular focus has been given to the un-resolved challenges in orthopedic implant development.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48389208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here the authors report a versatile and strong underwater adhesive that was inspired by the chemical features of mussel foot proteins. A random copolymer (poly(N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide-co-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylamide) (PDMA)–Tf2N) was prepared that contained side-chain catechol groups and quaternary ammonium cations that were ion-paired with bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide anion (Tf2N−). After dissolving PDMA–Tf2N and poly(acrylic acid) in dimethyl sulfoxide, a polyelectrolyte complex coacervate adhesive (P2) could be formed, which could be triggered through solvent exchange. P2 exhibited outstanding underwater shear strength to various substrate surfaces. After a critical curing time (ts = 10 min), the adhesion strength of P2 to glass increased sharply up to 187.298 kPa (ts = 40 min).
在这里，作者报告了一种多功能和强大的水下粘合剂，其灵感来自贻贝足蛋白质的化学特性。制备了一种无规共聚物(聚(N-(3,4-二羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺-共甲基丙烯氧氧乙基三甲基氯化铵-共丙烯酰胺)(PDMA) - Tf2N)，其侧链儿茶酚基团和季铵盐阳离子与双(三氟甲烷-磺酰)亚胺阴离子(Tf2N−)离子配对。PDMA-Tf2N与聚丙烯酸在二甲亚砜中溶解后，形成聚电解质络合物凝聚胶(P2)，通过溶剂交换触发。P2对各种基材表面均表现出优异的水下抗剪强度。经过临界固化时间(t s = 10 min)后，P2与玻璃的粘附强度急剧增加，达到187.298 kPa (t s = 40 min)。
{"title":"Inspired by mussel: biomimetic polyelectrolyte complex coacervate adhesive initiates a connection through water exchange","authors":"Guilong Wang, Zhen-Feng Hu, Xiu-Bing Liang, Fu-Xue Chen","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00001","url":null,"abstract":"Here the authors report a versatile and strong underwater adhesive that was inspired by the chemical features of mussel foot proteins. A random copolymer (poly(<i>N</i>-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide-co-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylamide) (PDMA)–Tf<sub>2</sub>N) was prepared that contained side-chain catechol groups and quaternary ammonium cations that were ion-paired with bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide anion (Tf<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup>). After dissolving PDMA–Tf<sub>2</sub>N and poly(acrylic acid) in dimethyl sulfoxide, a polyelectrolyte complex coacervate adhesive (P2) could be formed, which could be triggered through solvent exchange. P2 exhibited outstanding underwater shear strength to various substrate surfaces. After a critical curing time (<i>t</i> <sub>s</sub> = 10 min), the adhesion strength of P2 to glass increased sharply up to 187.298 kPa (<i>t</i> <sub>s</sub> = 40 min).","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depending on its highly evolved structures that consist of microscale lunate cells and nanoscale wax coverings, the slippery zone of Nepenthes alata shows significant anisotropic superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become the biomimetic prototype for designing superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, the authors constructed the structures of the slippery zone into equidistantly distributed greenhouses and array of cylinders, therefore obtaining a biomimetic model of an anisotropic superhydrophobic surface. The greenhouses were printed using ultraviolet-cured material, via 3D printing, and then flake graphite was selected as a substitute for the array of cylinders (wax coverings) and was absorbed onto the printed greenhouses by using high-voltage electrostatic absorption technology. The contact/sliding angle was measured to verify the anisotropic superhydrophobic effect of the fabricated sample. The contact angle increases significantly with an increase in the greenhouse density (l/L value) and achieves a value of 152.6 ± 0.6° when l/L is 0.8, and the sliding angle toward bottom and top shows values of 3.07 ± 0.26° and 5.69 ± 0.24°, respectively. These results indicate that the fabricated sample has anisotropic superhydrophobicity. Therefore, this study provides a simple and low-cost approach for the biomimetic fabrication of anisotropic superhydrophobic surfaces.
{"title":"Fabrication of anisotropic superhydrophobic surface based on the Nepenthes slippery zone","authors":"Lixin Wang, Shaobo Ma, Shixing Yan, Shiyun Dong","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00042","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on its highly evolved structures that consist of microscale lunate cells and nanoscale wax coverings, the slippery zone of <i>Nepenthes alata</i> shows significant anisotropic superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become the biomimetic prototype for designing superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, the authors constructed the structures of the slippery zone into equidistantly distributed greenhouses and array of cylinders, therefore obtaining a biomimetic model of an anisotropic superhydrophobic surface. The greenhouses were printed using ultraviolet-cured material, via 3D printing, and then flake graphite was selected as a substitute for the array of cylinders (wax coverings) and was absorbed onto the printed greenhouses by using high-voltage electrostatic absorption technology. The contact/sliding angle was measured to verify the anisotropic superhydrophobic effect of the fabricated sample. The contact angle increases significantly with an increase in the greenhouse density (<i>l</i>/<i>L</i> value) and achieves a value of 152.6 ± 0.6° when <i>l</i>/<i>L</i> is 0.8, and the sliding angle toward bottom and top shows values of 3.07 ± 0.26° and 5.69 ± 0.24°, respectively. These results indicate that the fabricated sample has anisotropic superhydrophobicity. Therefore, this study provides a simple and low-cost approach for the biomimetic fabrication of anisotropic superhydrophobic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D nanocomposite scaffold is an important material for biomedical application owing to its compatibility and effectiveness compared with other types of nanocomposites. In this research, a unique 3D nanocomposite scaffold based on carrageenan biopolymer incorporating TiO2 nanotubes was successfully developed. Prior to the nanocomposite scaffold preparation, the TiO2 nanotubes as nanofiller were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes was incorporated into carrageenan for the fabrication of a 3D nanocomposite scaffold using the freeze-drying technique. The synthesized and fabricated materials were characterized using various techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were employed to investigate the intermolecular interaction and phase structure of the fabricated TiO2 nanotubes incorporated carrageenan (TiO2NT/CG) 3D nanocomposite scaffold. The morphology and microstructure were via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ability of TiO2NT/CG 3D nanocomposite scaffold for wound healing was tested in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro study on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells demonstrated that the number of cells increased up to 190 K per well. Meanwhile, in vivo studies on Sprague Dawley rat exhibited that a 100% cure rate of wounds was observed after 14 days. These are attributed to the presence of ∼10-nm TiO2 nanotubes that are homogeneously distributed onto the scaffold, as proven by scanning electron microscopy. The TiO2 nanotubes promote wound healing by generating reactive oxygen species to induce the fibroblast growth factor and for the formation of a new extracellular matrix. The interconnected porous structure and rough surface of the TiO2/GG 3D nanocomposite scaffold also support cell proliferation to expedite wound healing, thus offering a good candidate for wound-dressing application.
{"title":"3D Nanocomposite scaffold of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated carrageenan (TiO2NT/CG) for wound healing","authors":"Yong Gao, N. Ismail, M. Yusoff, M. Razali","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00054","url":null,"abstract":"3D nanocomposite scaffold is an important material for biomedical application owing to its compatibility and effectiveness compared with other types of nanocomposites. In this research, a unique 3D nanocomposite scaffold based on carrageenan biopolymer incorporating TiO2 nanotubes was successfully developed. Prior to the nanocomposite scaffold preparation, the TiO2 nanotubes as nanofiller were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes was incorporated into carrageenan for the fabrication of a 3D nanocomposite scaffold using the freeze-drying technique. The synthesized and fabricated materials were characterized using various techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were employed to investigate the intermolecular interaction and phase structure of the fabricated TiO2 nanotubes incorporated carrageenan (TiO2NT/CG) 3D nanocomposite scaffold. The morphology and microstructure were via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ability of TiO2NT/CG 3D nanocomposite scaffold for wound healing was tested in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro study on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells demonstrated that the number of cells increased up to 190 K per well. Meanwhile, in vivo studies on Sprague Dawley rat exhibited that a 100% cure rate of wounds was observed after 14 days. These are attributed to the presence of ∼10-nm TiO2 nanotubes that are homogeneously distributed onto the scaffold, as proven by scanning electron microscopy. The TiO2 nanotubes promote wound healing by generating reactive oxygen species to induce the fibroblast growth factor and for the formation of a new extracellular matrix. The interconnected porous structure and rough surface of the TiO2/GG 3D nanocomposite scaffold also support cell proliferation to expedite wound healing, thus offering a good candidate for wound-dressing application.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41558251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyan Qi, Guixiong Gao, Huixin Wang, Yunhai Ma, Hubiao Wang, Siyang Wu, Jiangtao Yu, Qinghua Wang
The naked mole rat incisors (NMRI) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which make it a good prototype for design and fabrication of bionic mechanical systems and materials. In this work, we characterised the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of NMRI, and further compared these properties with the laboratory rat incisors (LRI). We found out that (i) Enamel and dentin are composed of organic matter, inorganic matter and water. The ratio of Ca/P in NMRI enamel is higher than that of LRI enamel. (ii) The dentin has a porous structure. The enamel has a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is more complex, regular and denser than the lamellar structure of LRI enamel. (iii) Enamel has anisotropy. Its longitudinal nano-hardness is greater than that of transverse nano-hardness, and both of them are higher than that of LRI enamel. Their nano-hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase in distance from enamel-dentin boundary. The nano-hardness of dentin is smaller than that of enamel. The chemical composition and microstructure are considered to be the reasons for the excellent properties of NMRI. The chemical composition and unique microstructure can provide inspiration and guide for the design of bionic machinery and materials.
{"title":"Mechanical properties, microstructure and chemical composition of naked mole rat incisors","authors":"Hongyan Qi, Guixiong Gao, Huixin Wang, Yunhai Ma, Hubiao Wang, Siyang Wu, Jiangtao Yu, Qinghua Wang","doi":"21.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00004","url":null,"abstract":"The naked mole rat incisors (NMRI) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which make it a good prototype for design and fabrication of bionic mechanical systems and materials. In this work, we characterised the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of NMRI, and further compared these properties with the laboratory rat incisors (LRI). We found out that (<i>i</i>) Enamel and dentin are composed of organic matter, inorganic matter and water. The ratio of Ca/P in NMRI enamel is higher than that of LRI enamel. (<i>ii</i>) The dentin has a porous structure. The enamel has a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is more complex, regular and denser than the lamellar structure of LRI enamel. (<i>iii</i>) Enamel has anisotropy. Its longitudinal nano-hardness is greater than that of transverse nano-hardness, and both of them are higher than that of LRI enamel. Their nano-hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase in distance from enamel-dentin boundary. The nano-hardness of dentin is smaller than that of enamel. The chemical composition and microstructure are considered to be the reasons for the excellent properties of NMRI. The chemical composition and unique microstructure can provide inspiration and guide for the design of bionic machinery and materials.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The slippery zone of Nepenthes alata depends on its highly evolved morphology and structure to show remarkable superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become a biomimetic prototype for developing superhydrophobic materials. However, the mechanism governing this phenomenon has not been fully revealed through a model analysis. In this paper, the superhydrophobicity of the slippery zone is studied by contact angle measurement, morphology/structure examination and model analysis. The slippery zone causes an ultrapure water droplet to produce a considerably high contact angle (155.11–158.30°) and has micro–nanoscale hierarchical structures consisting of lunate cells and wax coverings. According to the Cassie–Baxter equation and a self-defined infiltration coefficient, a model was established to analyse the effect of a structure characteristic on the contact angle. The analysis, result showed that the calculated contact angle (154.67–159.49°) was highly consistent with the measured contact angle, indicating that the established model can quantitatively characterise the relationship between the contact angle and the structure characteristic. The authors’ study provides some evidences to further reveal the superhydrophobic mechanism of the slippery zone of N. alata, as well as inspiring the biomimetic development of superhydrophobic surfaces.
{"title":"Contact angle of Nepenthes slippery zone: results from measurement and model analysis","authors":"Lixin Wang, Pan Pan, Shixing Yan, Shiyun Dong","doi":"21.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00019","url":null,"abstract":"The slippery zone of <i>Nepenthes alata</i> depends on its highly evolved morphology and structure to show remarkable superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become a biomimetic prototype for developing superhydrophobic materials. However, the mechanism governing this phenomenon has not been fully revealed through a model analysis. In this paper, the superhydrophobicity of the slippery zone is studied by contact angle measurement, morphology/structure examination and model analysis. The slippery zone causes an ultrapure water droplet to produce a considerably high contact angle (155.11–158.30°) and has micro–nanoscale hierarchical structures consisting of lunate cells and wax coverings. According to the Cassie–Baxter equation and a self-defined infiltration coefficient, a model was established to analyse the effect of a structure characteristic on the contact angle. The analysis, result showed that the calculated contact angle (154.67–159.49°) was highly consistent with the measured contact angle, indicating that the established model can quantitatively characterise the relationship between the contact angle and the structure characteristic. The authors’ study provides some evidences to further reveal the superhydrophobic mechanism of the slippery zone of <i>N. alata</i>, as well as inspiring the biomimetic development of superhydrophobic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarwar Allah Ditta, Atif Yaqub, Fouzia Tanvir, Rehan Ullah, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Bilal
Various molecules may modify the surface chemistry of commonly used nanomaterials (NMs), resulting in the synthesis of novel and safer NMs. The current study was delineated to evaluate the in vivo toxicity profiling of the silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs) conjugated with different amino acids. The L-glycine capped-AgNCs exhibited toxicity and caused tissue damage, while L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs showed protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. L-cystine-capped AgNCs performed well as compared to other amino-acid AgNCs. The level of serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and blood urea increased (p < 0.05) in G2, G3 and G5 in comparison to G1 (control group), while an increase in bilirubin for G2 was statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). The ALT and AST elevated (p < 0.05) in G4; however, other serological parameters in G4 and G6 did not show any noticeable change in their values. Histological analysis showed disturbed and deformed cellular structures in liver and kidney tissues of G2, G3 and G5. However, G4 and G6 samples demonstrated minute changes in comparison to G1. It is concluded that L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs exhibited protective effects and should be tested further for developing safer nanoconjugates for biomedical uses.
{"title":"Histopathological evaluation of amino acid capped silver nanoconjugates in albino mice","authors":"Sarwar Allah Ditta, Atif Yaqub, Fouzia Tanvir, Rehan Ullah, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"21.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Various molecules may modify the surface chemistry of commonly used nanomaterials (NMs), resulting in the synthesis of novel and safer NMs. The current study was delineated to evaluate the in vivo toxicity profiling of the silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs) conjugated with different amino acids. The L-glycine capped-AgNCs exhibited toxicity and caused tissue damage, while L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs showed protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. L-cystine-capped AgNCs performed well as compared to other amino-acid AgNCs. The level of serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and blood urea increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in G2, G3 and G5 in comparison to G1 (control group), while an increase in bilirubin for G2 was statistically non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The ALT and AST elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in G4; however, other serological parameters in G4 and G6 did not show any noticeable change in their values. Histological analysis showed disturbed and deformed cellular structures in liver and kidney tissues of G2, G3 and G5. However, G4 and G6 samples demonstrated minute changes in comparison to G1. It is concluded that L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs exhibited protective effects and should be tested further for developing safer nanoconjugates for biomedical uses.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was intended to formulate nanoemulgel from the leaf extract of Musa acuminata. Ethanol and Chloroform were used as solvents in the ratio of 1:8 (%w/v). DL- alpha-Tocopherol, characterized by GCMS, was identified to be the major component with potential biological activities. Based on a pseudo ternary plot, the 1:1 Smix (Surfactant: Co- Surfactant) ratio was optimized as it posed maximum regions of emulsion. The prepared nanoemulgel was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, and swelling index. The appearance was pale yellowish-white, translucent within a pH range of 5-5.8. Antimicrobial studies were performed against dandruff-causing microbes (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur). Invitro studies were carried out for optimized formulations of EG2, EG4, CG2, and CG3. The drug release of 94.28% after 12 h with Higuchi plot of R2 value as 0.99 was observed for EG2. The kinetically optimized formulation, EG2 was found to have good spreadability of 12.2 (g cm) s−1 and a swelling index of 64%.
{"title":"Formulation of Nanoemulgel from Extracts of Musa acuminata: In-Vitro Kinetics and Antimicrobial Studies","authors":"Gaanapriya Veeramani, S. Murugaiyan, T. Marimuthu","doi":"10.1680/jbibn.21.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.21.00026","url":null,"abstract":"The study was intended to formulate nanoemulgel from the leaf extract of Musa acuminata. Ethanol and Chloroform were used as solvents in the ratio of 1:8 (%w/v). DL- alpha-Tocopherol, characterized by GCMS, was identified to be the major component with potential biological activities. Based on a pseudo ternary plot, the 1:1 Smix (Surfactant: Co- Surfactant) ratio was optimized as it posed maximum regions of emulsion. The prepared nanoemulgel was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, and swelling index. The appearance was pale yellowish-white, translucent within a pH range of 5-5.8. Antimicrobial studies were performed against dandruff-causing microbes (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur). Invitro studies were carried out for optimized formulations of EG2, EG4, CG2, and CG3. The drug release of 94.28% after 12 h with Higuchi plot of R2 value as 0.99 was observed for EG2. The kinetically optimized formulation, EG2 was found to have good spreadability of 12.2 (g cm) s−1 and a swelling index of 64%.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45475909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the work is to investigate the influence of fluoride in the bioactivity of phosphate bio-glass to utilise in bone tissue engineering. The fluorophosphate bio-glass system was formulated by varying fluoride content in phosphate-based glass 45P2O5-(30-X)-CaO-25Na2O-XCaF2 (X = 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0) using melt quenching technique. The elemental composition and fluoride retention in the prepared material was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bioactivity test in simulated body-fluid (SBF) exhibited apatite layer and its bone bonding ability which was characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer spectra. The viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and MG-63 cells of the bio-glass confirmed the nontoxic nature. In vivo studies demonstrated the conversion of the fluorophosphate glass to bone in the femoral condyle of the rabbit. After ten weeks, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectrograph (SEM_EDAX) and confocal laser scanning microscopy examinations revealed the resorption rate and bone-glass interface qualitatively and quantitatively. Consequently, the biocompatible and bioresorbable nature of the fluorophosphate bioglass can be exploited as a potential bone graft substitute in the near future.
本研究的目的是研究氟化物对磷酸盐生物玻璃生物活性的影响，以用于骨组织工程。采用熔体淬火技术，在45P2O5-(30-X)- cao - 25na20 - xcaf2 (X = 0、1.25、2.5、3.75和5.0)的磷酸盐基玻璃中改变氟含量，制备了氟磷生物玻璃体系。用x射线光电子能谱法研究了制备材料的元素组成和氟保留率。模拟体液(SBF)生物活性试验显示磷灰石层及其骨结合能力，并通过x射线衍射图和傅里叶变换红外光谱进行了表征。生物玻璃对人胃腺癌(AGS)和MG-63细胞的生存能力证实了其无毒性质。体内研究证实了兔股骨髁中氟磷酸盐玻璃向骨的转化。10周后，通过扫描电子显微镜、能量色散x射线光谱仪(SEM_EDAX)和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对骨-玻璃界面和骨吸收速率进行定性和定量观察。因此，在不久的将来，氟磷酸盐生物玻璃的生物相容性和生物可吸收性可以作为一种潜在的骨移植替代品。
{"title":"Fluorophosphate bio-glass for bone tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo study","authors":"Pugalanthipandian Sankaralingam, Poornimadevi Sakthivel, Priscilla Andinadar Subbiah, Abirami Periyasamy, Jenifa Begam Rahumathullah, Vijayakumar Chinnaswamy Thangavel","doi":"21.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/21.00025","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the work is to investigate the influence of fluoride in the bioactivity of phosphate bio-glass to utilise in bone tissue engineering. The fluorophosphate bio-glass system was formulated by varying fluoride content in phosphate-based glass 45P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-(30-X)-CaO-25Na<sub>2</sub>O-XCaF<sub>2</sub> (<i>X</i> = 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0) using melt quenching technique. The elemental composition and fluoride retention in the prepared material was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bioactivity test in simulated body-fluid (SBF) exhibited apatite layer and its bone bonding ability which was characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer spectra. The viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and MG-63 cells of the bio-glass confirmed the nontoxic nature. In vivo studies demonstrated the conversion of the fluorophosphate glass to bone in the femoral condyle of the rabbit. After ten weeks, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectrograph (SEM_EDAX) and confocal laser scanning microscopy examinations revealed the resorption rate and bone-glass interface qualitatively and quantitatively. Consequently, the biocompatible and bioresorbable nature of the fluorophosphate bioglass can be exploited as a potential bone graft substitute in the near future.","PeriodicalId":48847,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspired Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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