Accurately predicting crash injury severity in multi-class settings is vital for improving road safety, as different injury levels require tailored interventions. This study explores the effectiveness of Dynamic Ensemble Selection (DES) combined with Static Ensemble Selection (SES) classifiers for multi-class injury severity prediction. We employ diversity-driven DES methods—DES-KNN and DES-Clustering—alongside classifiers such as Extra Trees, AdaBoost, and XG-Boost. To address data imbalance, SMOTE and its variants are applied for equitable class representation. Results show that DES-KNN with XG-Boost, using SMOTE preprocessed data, achieves the best performance with a Balanced Accuracy Score of 0.56, G-Mean of 0.66, and MCC of 0.26. Additionally, LIME is used to interpret model predictions and enhance transparency by highlighting influential features. Our findings demonstrate that integrating DES with SES classifiers significantly improves predictive performance and interpretability, highlighting DES as a valuable approach for handling imbalanced multi-class crash severity data in support of sustainable transportation strategies.
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