Transportmetrica A-Transport Science最新文献

英文中文

Benchmarking the performance of urban rail transit systems: a machine learning application 对城市轨道交通系统的性能进行基准测试:一个机器学习应用

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2241566

Farah A. Awad , Daniel J. Graham , Laila AitBihiOuali , Ramandeep Singh , Alexander Barron

Urban rail transit (URT) systems operate in heterogenous environments where their performance is affected by many exogenous factors. However, conventional benchmarking methods assume homogeneity of many of these factors which could result in misleading comparisons of performance. This study provides a methodological contribution to the transit benchmarking literature through a systemic data-driven method which accommodates heterogeneity among URT. A unique international dataset of 36 URT systems in year 2016 is utilised. Operators are clustered based on indicators of operational performance through machine learning algorithms which enables like-for-like comparisons of performances. Data envelopment analysis with bootstrapping is then used to evaluate operators’ efficiency performance within a cluster. Further, ANOVA and post-hoc tests are applied to explore variations and correlations among different aspects of performance. Our clustering results corroborate the natural geographic grouping of the systems. Further, we highlight the complexity of the definition of service quality in the transit sector.

城市轨道交通系统在异质环境中运行。由于不同的环境和系统特性，区分固有性能和效率的作用是具有挑战性的。本研究提供了一种数据驱动的基准测试方法，以适应城市轨道系统运行性能的异质性。使用2016年36个地铁的国际数据集，通过基于运营特征的聚类算法将运营商聚类到对等组。然后应用方差分析和事后检验来探索集群之间的变化。最后，通过数据包络分析进行能效绩效对标。我们的聚类结果证实了系统的自然地理分组。此外，我们的研究结果表明，使用汇总指数不足以代表运营商的整体服务质量。最后，结果表明，基于操作特征相似性的聚类操作将为最佳实践引入更有意义的基准，因为它们更有可能实现。

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引用次数: 0

Key factors affecting motorcycle-barrier crash severity: an innovative cluster-regression technique 影响摩托车护栏碰撞严重程度的关键因素：一种创新的聚类回归技术

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2230310

Reuben Tamakloe , Subasish Das , Emmanuel Kofi Adanu , Dongjoo Park

Highway motorcycle-barrier crashes are uncommon but are associated with severe ramifications. Little has been done to understand the factors related to these crashes, making it difficult to establish appropriate mitigation policies. This study identifies homogeneous groups of motorcycle-barrier crashes on highways and investigates cluster-specific key factor associations and the determinants of injury severity. Cluster Correspondence Analysis was employed to discover latent clusters and cluster-specific key factor associations using motorcycle-barrier crashes from Massachusetts. Further, an ordered probit regression technique was employed to investigate the effect of factors on injury severity outcomes at the cluster level. Three highway access control type-related clusters were identified. While seniors, collectors, intersections/roundabouts, daylight, and summer were associated with no/partial access-controlled segment crashes, interstates, ramps, medians, dark-lighted roads, and winter correlated with full access-controlled segment crashes. Factors influencing fatalities differed for each cluster. From the insightful findings, targeted countermeasures geared at improving motorcycle safety are suggested.

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of stochastic link capacity and link performance function including uncertainty of driver’s behaviour 随机路段容量估计及包含驾驶员行为不确定性的路段性能函数

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2218943

Teppei Kato , Kenetsu Uchida , Ryuichi Tani , Kazunori Munehiro

Recently, user equilibrium models with uncertainty were proposed to describe stochastic travel time in road networks. The accurate estimation of a stochastic link capacity is important for such models. This study develops a method for estimating a stochastic link capacity by considering the uncertainty of the driver’s behaviour. We postulate that the stochastic link capacity follows a lognormal distribution. The characteristics of the lognormal distribution suit real traffic observation, e.g. nonnegativity, asymmetricity, and long-tailed. Furthermore, the estimated link capacity can derive the analytical likelihood function for the link performance function. Then, the link performance function can be estimated analytically by explicitly considering the source of uncertainty. The proposed methods can contribute to the estimation of stochastic link capacity and the link performance function for the user equilibrium model with stochastic travel time. A numerical calculation demonstrates the proposed method using real traffic observations in Sapporo, Japan.

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引用次数: 0

Bimodal transit design with heterogeneous demand elasticity under different fare structures 不同票价结构下具有异质需求弹性的多式联运设计

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2231091

Yi Yang , Xinguo Jiang , Yusong Yan , Tao Liu , Yu Jiang

The study develops a new optimisation model to design a bimodal transit system from a microeconomic view to maximise the profit of a transit agency considering heterogeneous demand elasticity and different fare structures. Bimodal transit network parameters are optimized to better serve passenger demand. An elastic demand function is devised to include various time components and incorporate flat, distance-based, and hybrid fares. A nested iterative procedure is developed to find a near-optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal the following interesting findings. First, the increase in elasticity parameters has a knock-on effect on the financial performance, consequently leading to a net profit reduction. Second, a distance-based fare scheme brings in the least actual demand but makes the most profit, compared with the flat and hybrid fare schemes. Third, passengers prefer using a rail-bus system to a BRT-bus system, especially at a higher demand level.

引用次数: 0

The real-time dynamic online feeder service with a maximum headway at mandatory stops 实时动态在线接驳服务，在强制停靠站设有最大车头

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2227738

Bryan David Galarza Montenegro , Kenneth Sörensen , Pieter Vansteenwegen

On the one hand, fully flexible demand-responsive feeder services efficiently tailor their service to passengers' needs. Traditional services, on the other hand, offer predictability and easier cost control. This paper considers a semi-flexible feeder service that combines positive characteristics of both traditional and fully flexible services. There are two types of bus stops in this service. Mandatory bus stops have a maximum allowable headway for bus departures. Optional stops are only visited when there is demand for transportation nearby. When new passenger requests arrive, the performance of this feeder service is optimised in real time. A metaheuristic with two phases is developed to optimise the service. The dynamic optimisation method is compared to a model that optimises the service when all requests are known beforehand. The results show that the dynamic method has an average gap of 6.5% with respect to the static model and an average acceptance rate of 95.1%. A case study in the city of Antwerp shows that, when compared to existing transit options in the region, this feeder service can increase the service quality by 31.6% when enough resources are available.

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引用次数: 0

Traffic efficiency and fairness optimisation for autonomous intersection management based on reinforcement learning 基于强化学习的自主交叉口管理交通效率与公平性优化

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2232047

Yuanyuan Wu , David Z. W. Wang , Feng Zhu

Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) for high-level Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) has evolved from rule-based to optimisation-based policies. However, at congested major-minor intersections, optimising solely for efficiency can negatively impact vehicle fairness. This study addresses this issue by proposing a deep reinforcement learning approach that optimises both traffic efficiency and fairness for AIM. In the modelled multi-objective Markov decision process, traffic fairness is measured by the difference between the crossing order and the approaching order of CAVs, while traffic efficiency is measured by average travel time. With unknown preferences of the objectives, Bellman optimality equation is generalised to obtain the optimal policies over the space of all possible preferences during the iterative training process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in a simulated real-world intersection and compared with three benchmark policies, including the fairest policy for AIM: first-come-first-served. The learned policies perform best in reducing overall average vehicle delay, and demonstrate outstanding performance in balancing traffic fairness and efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Kernel estimates as general concept for the measuring of pedestrian density 核估计作为测量行人密度的一般概念

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2236236

Jana Vacková , Marek Bukáček

The standard definition of pedestrian density produces scattered values, hence, many approaches have been developed to improve the features of the estimated density. This paper provides a review of generally applied methods and presents a general framework based on various kernels that bring desired properties of density estimates (e.g. continuity) and incorporate ordinarily used methods. The developed kernel concept considers each pedestrian as a source of density distribution, parametrised by the kernel type (e.g. Gauss, cone) and kernel size. The quantitative parametric study performed on experimental data illustrates that parametrisation brings desired features, for instance, a conic kernel with a base radius in $ (0.7, 1.2) $

(0.7, 1.2)

m produces smooth values that retain trend features. The correspondence between kernel and non-kernel methods (namely Voronoi diagram and customised inverse distance to the nearest pedestrian) is achievable for a wide range of kernel parameter. Thereby the generality of the concept is supported.

行人密度的标准定义会产生分散的值，因此，开发了许多方法来改善估计密度的特征。本文回顾了常用的方法，并提出了一个基于各种核的总体框架，这些核带来了密度估计所需的特性(例如，连续性)，并结合了常用的方法。开发的核概念将每个行人视为密度分布的来源，由核类型(例如高斯，锥)和核大小参数化。对实验数据进行的定量参数研究表明，参数化可以带来所需的特征，例如，基半径为(0.7,1.2)m的二次核可以产生保留趋势特征的光滑值。核方法和非核方法之间的对应关系(即Voronoi图和自定义到最近行人的逆距离)在很大范围内的核参数是可以实现的。因此，概念的普遍性得到了支持。

引用次数: 0

Modelling the lateral dimension of vehicles movement: a stochastic differential approach with applications 车辆运动的横向维度建模:随机微分方法与应用

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2239375

HongSheng Qi

A stochastic lateral movement model is proposed to address the limitations of current traffic models, which fail to capture the stochastic nature of the lateral component in vehicle movement during lane keeping and lane changing. This model incorporates a lateral noise component and a lateral movement component, with parameters that have clear physical interpretations including noise intensity, driver’s sensitivity to lateral deviation, and sensitivity to noise. The model successfully describes the real-world distribution and standard deviation of lateral displacement, achieves over 70% accuracy in distinguishing between human driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles, derives the lane changing duration distribution consistent with experimental observation, and shows that the sensitivity to lateral deviation is about 7 times higher in lane changing compared to lane keeping.

引用次数: 0

A projected Newton-like inertial dynamics for modeling day-to-day traffic evolution with elastic demand 模拟具有弹性需求的日常交通演化的投影类牛顿惯性动力学

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2226245

Renxin Zhong , Xin-an Li , Qingnan Liang , Zhibin Chen , Tianlu Pan

This paper proposes a projected Newton-like inertial dynamics for modeling second-order day-to-day (DTD) traffic evolution with elastic travel demand. The proposed DTD model describes double dynamics of traffic flow and travel cost based on a class of second-order gradient-like dissipative dynamic systems. We use the projection operator to prevent the existence of negative flow, which is regarded as a major pitfall of the existing second-order DTD traffic models. To our knowledge, this would be the first attempt to address the problem of negative flow in the second-order DTD traffic models. Meanwhile, we show that the proposed model inherits the properties of Newton-like inertial dynamics and behaves similarly to the existing second-order DTD models. The proposed model admits a Hessian-driven component, which is closely related to the congestion externality associated with the marginal link travel cost. The proposed model also extends the existing second-order DTD models from the fixed demand case to the elastic demand case. We characterize several theoretical properties of the proposed projected second-order DTD model, such as the equivalence between its fixed points and the user equilibrium with elastic demand, the convergence of the DTD traffic evolution process, and the stability analysis with different stability concepts. We show that the proposed model can be reduced to the well-known network tatonnement model. Finally, we demonstrate the properties of the projected second-order DTD model via numerical examples.

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引用次数: 0

Optimal public transport timetabling with autonomous-vehicle units using coupling and decoupling tactics 基于耦合和解耦策略的自动驾驶汽车单元公共交通优化时间表

IF 3.6 2区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportmetrica A-Transport Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23249935.2023.2220423

Yaoyao Wang , Avishai (Avi) Ceder , Zhichao Cao , Silin Zhang

Fluctuating demand for public transport (PT) is one of the main reasons for unreliable PT service, and subsequent passenger frustration at being left behind at PT stops. A novel way to solve this situation is to optimally use autonomous PT vehicles with coupling and decoupling (C&D) of vehicle units to accommodate the fluctuating PT demand and reliability issues. In this way, vehicle size is added as a variable of the problem. This work proposes a new class of C&D tactics in the process of solving the problems of PT route timetabling subject to passenger demand. Resolving the optimisation problem involves determining the C&D arrangement at stops/stations to accommodate the C&D options and departure times. The validation of the model is performed by a small example and a real case study with a bilevel heuristic algorithm that manages to completely (100%) eliminate left-behind passengers using practical, even-headway, and even-load timetables.

引用次数: 0

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