Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.139
Hyeuk Kyu Joo
This essay aims to analyze Wordsworth’s works from the affective materialist framework, which emphasizes dynamic, affective interactions between a multitude of bodies, real or abstract, and further explain the significance of his works on contemporary ecological-environmental thoughts. As is shown in many poems composed during the Lyrical Ballads project period, particularly “Tintern Abbey,” “Lines Written in Early Spring,” “Goody Blake and Harry Gill,” “Peter Bell,” and poetic fragments, Wordsworth embraces contemporary physiological ideas on human cognition and emotion. He describes a natural world where all entities constitute interdependent relationships, delicately capturing the flow of dynamics operating in such affective, material relationships. In doing so, his poetry presents an awareness of a new form of ontology that breaks away from anthropocentric thinking and the obsession with human exceptionality.
Affective materialism presupposes that humans and objects around them are working on, and are being worked upon by, each other. It opts for embodied consciousness rather than the transcendentalist perspective based on the autonomy of imagination through disembodied consciousness. By combining affects and ecology to describe phenomena where humans and nonhumans are connected through the material and physiological processes, his affective materialism helps us understand the accidental, ever-changing, and sometimes chaotic everyday world intertwined with beauty and ugliness more realistically.
{"title":"Wordsworth’s Affective Materialism","authors":"Hyeuk Kyu Joo","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"This essay aims to analyze Wordsworth’s works from the affective materialist framework, which emphasizes dynamic, affective interactions between a multitude of bodies, real or abstract, and further explain the significance of his works on contemporary ecological-environmental thoughts. As is shown in many poems composed during the Lyrical Ballads project period, particularly “Tintern Abbey,” “Lines Written in Early Spring,” “Goody Blake and Harry Gill,” “Peter Bell,” and poetic fragments, Wordsworth embraces contemporary physiological ideas on human cognition and emotion. He describes a natural world where all entities constitute interdependent relationships, delicately capturing the flow of dynamics operating in such affective, material relationships. In doing so, his poetry presents an awareness of a new form of ontology that breaks away from anthropocentric thinking and the obsession with human exceptionality.
 Affective materialism presupposes that humans and objects around them are working on, and are being worked upon by, each other. It opts for embodied consciousness rather than the transcendentalist perspective based on the autonomy of imagination through disembodied consciousness. By combining affects and ecology to describe phenomena where humans and nonhumans are connected through the material and physiological processes, his affective materialism helps us understand the accidental, ever-changing, and sometimes chaotic everyday world intertwined with beauty and ugliness more realistically.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.29
Youngjin Park
This article attempts to shed light upon the relationship between Jacques Lacan and Alain Badiou from the perspective of philosophy and antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, the history of Western thought is constituted by the ceaseless dialogue between philosophy and antiphilosophy. It is well-known that Badiou elaborated on his philosophy through the critical dialogue with Lacanian psychoanalysis. In Lacan: Anti-Philosophy 3, Badiou addresses Lacan through the lens of antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, Lacanian antiphilosophy deposes the authority of philosophical truth, discloses the philosophical operation, and presents his analytic act against the philosophical operation. However, Lacan himself used the term “antiphilosophy” only twice in his entire intellectual itinerary. Moreover, he did not leave any systematic discussion about his antiphilosophy. How can one address Lacan’s position regarding philosophy and antiphilosophy, then? This article engages with this question. The author first reviews the main points of Lacanian antiphilosophy as presented by Badiou, classifies Lacan’s extensive and inconsistent comments on philosophy, and shows how Lacan and Badiou have an interlaced relationship, which cannot be reduced to the simple antagonism “philosophy vs. antiphilosophy.” This will not only serve as a critical reading of the Badiouian version of Lacanian antiphilosophy but also contribute to the exploration of the relationship between Lacan and Badiou, philosophy and antiphilosophy.
{"title":"Lacan and Badiou: Philosophy and Antiphilosophy","authors":"Youngjin Park","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to shed light upon the relationship between Jacques Lacan and Alain Badiou from the perspective of philosophy and antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, the history of Western thought is constituted by the ceaseless dialogue between philosophy and antiphilosophy. It is well-known that Badiou elaborated on his philosophy through the critical dialogue with Lacanian psychoanalysis. In Lacan: Anti-Philosophy 3, Badiou addresses Lacan through the lens of antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, Lacanian antiphilosophy deposes the authority of philosophical truth, discloses the philosophical operation, and presents his analytic act against the philosophical operation. However, Lacan himself used the term “antiphilosophy” only twice in his entire intellectual itinerary. Moreover, he did not leave any systematic discussion about his antiphilosophy. How can one address Lacan’s position regarding philosophy and antiphilosophy, then? This article engages with this question. The author first reviews the main points of Lacanian antiphilosophy as presented by Badiou, classifies Lacan’s extensive and inconsistent comments on philosophy, and shows how Lacan and Badiou have an interlaced relationship, which cannot be reduced to the simple antagonism “philosophy vs. antiphilosophy.” This will not only serve as a critical reading of the Badiouian version of Lacanian antiphilosophy but also contribute to the exploration of the relationship between Lacan and Badiou, philosophy and antiphilosophy.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.101
Seonhyeon Lee
This paper endeavors to undertake a critical examination of Franco Moretti’s theory of world literature, elucidating its limitations, and subsequently proposing an alternative approach. Specifically, it proposes the establishment of a multilingual world literary framework as a counterpoint to the monolingualism emphasized within Moretti’s conception of a world literary ‘space.’
While Moretti’s pioneering “distant reading” method once sparked controversy and marked a transformative juncture in the field of world literature studies in the United States, it has since evolved into one among several critical methodologies in the discipline. In Korea, conversely, Moretti’s theory has attained mainstream recognition within academic research. This prevalence, coinciding with the ascent of digital humanities, quantitative research, and interdisciplinary approaches, may inadvertently lead to an uncritical acceptance of the inherent limitations within Moretti’s theory of world literature. For Moretti, who draws inspiration from Immanuel Wallerstein’s world system theory to conceptualize the world literary space, the paramount objective is to ‘explain’ the complexities of ‘one and unequal’ global literary landscape. However, world literature theory should not only seek to ‘explain’ the unevenness within the world literature space but also engage in a critical analysis of the mechanisms perpetuating these inequalities, ultimately striving to effect change.
In this regard, Gayatri Spivak’s notion of ‘planetarity’ and Emily Aptor’s concept of ‘untranslatability’ offer valuable insights, enabling us to envision a multilingual world distinct from the homogeneity often associated with globalization. While their focus centers on exploring the presence of the ‘world in literature,’ Francesca Orsini’s alternative perspective offers a critique of the inherent monolingualism within Moretti’s theory while advocating for the adoption of the concepts of ‘multilingual local’ and ‘significant geographies’ to unravel and elucidate the interrelationship between ‘literature in the world’ and the ‘world in literature.’ Orsini’s argument may provide a reference point for critically engaging with hierarchical center-periphery dynamics by empowering numerous independent local voices. This approach can enable us to reposition Moretti’s theory of world literature as one of the available methodologies, paving the way for a more nuanced and enriched understanding of world literature.
{"title":"Toward a Multilingual Space: A Critique of Franco Moretti’s Theory of World Literature","authors":"Seonhyeon Lee","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper endeavors to undertake a critical examination of Franco Moretti’s theory of world literature, elucidating its limitations, and subsequently proposing an alternative approach. Specifically, it proposes the establishment of a multilingual world literary framework as a counterpoint to the monolingualism emphasized within Moretti’s conception of a world literary ‘space.’
 While Moretti’s pioneering “distant reading” method once sparked controversy and marked a transformative juncture in the field of world literature studies in the United States, it has since evolved into one among several critical methodologies in the discipline. In Korea, conversely, Moretti’s theory has attained mainstream recognition within academic research. This prevalence, coinciding with the ascent of digital humanities, quantitative research, and interdisciplinary approaches, may inadvertently lead to an uncritical acceptance of the inherent limitations within Moretti’s theory of world literature. For Moretti, who draws inspiration from Immanuel Wallerstein’s world system theory to conceptualize the world literary space, the paramount objective is to ‘explain’ the complexities of ‘one and unequal’ global literary landscape. However, world literature theory should not only seek to ‘explain’ the unevenness within the world literature space but also engage in a critical analysis of the mechanisms perpetuating these inequalities, ultimately striving to effect change.
 In this regard, Gayatri Spivak’s notion of ‘planetarity’ and Emily Aptor’s concept of ‘untranslatability’ offer valuable insights, enabling us to envision a multilingual world distinct from the homogeneity often associated with globalization. While their focus centers on exploring the presence of the ‘world in literature,’ Francesca Orsini’s alternative perspective offers a critique of the inherent monolingualism within Moretti’s theory while advocating for the adoption of the concepts of ‘multilingual local’ and ‘significant geographies’ to unravel and elucidate the interrelationship between ‘literature in the world’ and the ‘world in literature.’ Orsini’s argument may provide a reference point for critically engaging with hierarchical center-periphery dynamics by empowering numerous independent local voices. This approach can enable us to reposition Moretti’s theory of world literature as one of the available methodologies, paving the way for a more nuanced and enriched understanding of world literature.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"75 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.245
Taek-Gwang Lee
This essay discusses the globalization of literature and its political implications, arguing that literature is not timeless or ahistorical but a modern invention deeply rooted in its historical, linguistic, and cultural context.I begin my arguments by pointing out that “literature” is not universal but a specifically European concept. In Japan, for example, the word “bungaku” (文学), which is translated as “literature”, had a different meaning before Soseki encountered English literature. Soseki confessed that he found it challenging to subsume Chinese classics and English literary works under a single definition of literature. This discrepancy between Chinese and English literature, Soseki argued, is because literature is not simply a collection of writings but a specific style of writing associated with modernity. Literature is not self-explanatory but requires a certain level of cultural literacy to understand. Therefore, the globalisation of literature is not simply a process of spreading European literary culture to other parts of the world. Instead, it adapts European literary forms and concepts to different cultural contexts. This process is often fraught with political implications, as it can involve imposing hegemonic cultural values on marginalized cultures. I conclude by arguing that there is no such thing as political literature, but only literary politics. The style of writing as such is the ambiguous process of modernisation. This means that literature is not simply a tool for political propaganda but rather a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can be used to explore and challenge a wide range of political issues.
{"title":"Literature as a Global Theory","authors":"Taek-Gwang Lee","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.245","url":null,"abstract":"This essay discusses the globalization of literature and its political implications, arguing that literature is not timeless or ahistorical but a modern invention deeply rooted in its historical, linguistic, and cultural context.I begin my arguments by pointing out that “literature” is not universal but a specifically European concept. In Japan, for example, the word “bungaku” (文学), which is translated as “literature”, had a different meaning before Soseki encountered English literature. Soseki confessed that he found it challenging to subsume Chinese classics and English literary works under a single definition of literature. This discrepancy between Chinese and English literature, Soseki argued, is because literature is not simply a collection of writings but a specific style of writing associated with modernity. Literature is not self-explanatory but requires a certain level of cultural literacy to understand. Therefore, the globalisation of literature is not simply a process of spreading European literary culture to other parts of the world. Instead, it adapts European literary forms and concepts to different cultural contexts. This process is often fraught with political implications, as it can involve imposing hegemonic cultural values on marginalized cultures. I conclude by arguing that there is no such thing as political literature, but only literary politics. The style of writing as such is the ambiguous process of modernisation. This means that literature is not simply a tool for political propaganda but rather a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can be used to explore and challenge a wide range of political issues.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"113 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.191
Wanjin Dong, Soonbae Kim
This article explores D.H. Lawrence’s autobiographical novel, Sons and Lovers (1913), through the lens of ecofeminism, focusing on the intricate emotional relationships between the protagonist, Paul, his mother, Mrs. Morel, and his two lovers, Miriam and Clara. In the context of the Industrial Revolution’s large-scale mechanization, Lawrence’s work sheds light on the profound environmental consequences of this era on the sustenance of modern human. The narrative further suggests that modern humanity has suffered significant suppression and destruction due to the dominance of mechanical civilization, resulting in a pervasive imbalance between humankind and nature, as well as among different societal groups, particularly in gender relations. Lawrence’s astute portrayal places gender relations on the grand stage of industrial civilization, resonating with the plight of both the natural environment and women who endured oppression under anthropocentrism or patriarchy. This paper adopts an intersectional perspective that simultaneously addresses the human-to-nature issue and the male-to-female issue within the framework of ecofeminism. Its primary objective is to illuminate Lawrence’s endeavor to chart a path for modern humanity’s survival. In doing so, Lawrence advocates for a harmonious equilibrium between societal development and the natural world, alongside the principle of gender equality. This approach embodies the essence of ecofeminism and underscores Lawrence’s profound humanistic concerns.
{"title":"Unearthing Ecofeminist Echoes in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers","authors":"Wanjin Dong, Soonbae Kim","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.191","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores D.H. Lawrence’s autobiographical novel, Sons and Lovers (1913), through the lens of ecofeminism, focusing on the intricate emotional relationships between the protagonist, Paul, his mother, Mrs. Morel, and his two lovers, Miriam and Clara. In the context of the Industrial Revolution’s large-scale mechanization, Lawrence’s work sheds light on the profound environmental consequences of this era on the sustenance of modern human. The narrative further suggests that modern humanity has suffered significant suppression and destruction due to the dominance of mechanical civilization, resulting in a pervasive imbalance between humankind and nature, as well as among different societal groups, particularly in gender relations. Lawrence’s astute portrayal places gender relations on the grand stage of industrial civilization, resonating with the plight of both the natural environment and women who endured oppression under anthropocentrism or patriarchy. This paper adopts an intersectional perspective that simultaneously addresses the human-to-nature issue and the male-to-female issue within the framework of ecofeminism. Its primary objective is to illuminate Lawrence’s endeavor to chart a path for modern humanity’s survival. In doing so, Lawrence advocates for a harmonious equilibrium between societal development and the natural world, alongside the principle of gender equality. This approach embodies the essence of ecofeminism and underscores Lawrence’s profound humanistic concerns.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"79 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.167
Seong-Woo Choi
This study extends prior theoretical discussions on metaphor as a rhetorical topos, a discourse statement, and a cognitive tool, with a particular focus on the metaphor of nation due to its enduring relevance in contemporary discourse. It explores the intricate role of metaphor in shaping, perpetuating, and challenging nationalist discourse, recognizing that metaphors possess a dual capacity to both wield power and constrain truths. The metaphors of the nation, contextualized within the CONTAINMENT metaphor framework, play a pivotal role in the construction and reinforcement of nationalist discourse. From a feminist perspective, nationalist discourse and its associated metaphors are deeply rooted in patriarchal ideals, leading to the marginalization of women and the portrayal of the nation as a patriarchal family or brotherhood. When viewed through colonial and postcolonial lenses, these metaphors reveal concepts of hierarchy and equality between nations. For instance, Rabindranath Tagore metaphorically characterizes the nation as a soulless monster, emphasizing the imperative to reject this notion in favor of fostering a more balanced community that harmonizes both body and spirit. In contrast, Thomas Hobbes employs the metaphor of the commonwealth as a Leviathan, firmly establishing a hierarchical structure that underscores the significance of obedience in the relationship between the soul and the body of the commonwealth, with the soul positioned as superior to its constituent elements. Tagore’s perspective aligns with notions of equality, anti-nationalism, and postcolonialism, whereas Hobbes’ hierarchical view could potentially justify the legitimacy of colonialism.
{"title":"Metaphor of Nation and Nationalism","authors":"Seong-Woo Choi","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.167","url":null,"abstract":"This study extends prior theoretical discussions on metaphor as a rhetorical topos, a discourse statement, and a cognitive tool, with a particular focus on the metaphor of nation due to its enduring relevance in contemporary discourse. It explores the intricate role of metaphor in shaping, perpetuating, and challenging nationalist discourse, recognizing that metaphors possess a dual capacity to both wield power and constrain truths. The metaphors of the nation, contextualized within the CONTAINMENT metaphor framework, play a pivotal role in the construction and reinforcement of nationalist discourse. From a feminist perspective, nationalist discourse and its associated metaphors are deeply rooted in patriarchal ideals, leading to the marginalization of women and the portrayal of the nation as a patriarchal family or brotherhood. When viewed through colonial and postcolonial lenses, these metaphors reveal concepts of hierarchy and equality between nations. For instance, Rabindranath Tagore metaphorically characterizes the nation as a soulless monster, emphasizing the imperative to reject this notion in favor of fostering a more balanced community that harmonizes both body and spirit. In contrast, Thomas Hobbes employs the metaphor of the commonwealth as a Leviathan, firmly establishing a hierarchical structure that underscores the significance of obedience in the relationship between the soul and the body of the commonwealth, with the soul positioned as superior to its constituent elements. Tagore’s perspective aligns with notions of equality, anti-nationalism, and postcolonialism, whereas Hobbes’ hierarchical view could potentially justify the legitimacy of colonialism.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.81
Nara Lee
This paper aims to reconsider Rancière’s film theory by examining the meaning of image and fiction in Rancière’s aesthetic art regime. Rancière renews the traditional definitions of image and fiction. What Rancière defines as image and fiction is the action of connecting words and objects in a specific form on the basis of community, connecting individuals and groups and creating a common sense. In the aesthetic art regime since Romanticism, which reflects the equality established between thought and non-thought, consciousness and unconsciousness, active and passive, art and non-art, the image of art constitutes a unique dual system. Within a single image, meaning is produced and withdrawn, and perception, action, and emotion are simultaneously connected and dissolved. This dual system of images is manifested in cinematic art in the disfigurations and contradictory dramaturgy of classicist and romantic allegory.
{"title":"Rethinking Rancière’s Film Theory: Focusing on the Concepts of Fiction and Image","authors":"Nara Lee","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.81","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to reconsider Rancière’s film theory by examining the meaning of image and fiction in Rancière’s aesthetic art regime. Rancière renews the traditional definitions of image and fiction. What Rancière defines as image and fiction is the action of connecting words and objects in a specific form on the basis of community, connecting individuals and groups and creating a common sense. In the aesthetic art regime since Romanticism, which reflects the equality established between thought and non-thought, consciousness and unconsciousness, active and passive, art and non-art, the image of art constitutes a unique dual system. Within a single image, meaning is produced and withdrawn, and perception, action, and emotion are simultaneously connected and dissolved. This dual system of images is manifested in cinematic art in the disfigurations and contradictory dramaturgy of classicist and romantic allegory.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.55
Young-Hyeon Ryu
This paper examines the issue of stereotypes and conventions as constitutive elements of the realist form, focusing on chapter 17 of Adam Bede, which is most often cited when discussing the realist aesthetic of 19th-century English writer George Eliot. The emphasis on stereotypes and conventions is centered on Eliot’s observation of the still life. I argue that Eliot’s fiction aims for moral truth rather than mechanical objectivity in its representations in order to elicit reader’s sympathy. As such, Eliot’s realism emphasizes empirical observation while simultaneously embracing idealism. In addressing the often-debated “question of objectivity in the aesthetic representation of reality” in realism, the focus then needs to be on the word “aesthetic” as much as on “objectivity,” and this paper argues that Eliot’s aesthetic achievement is not sufficiently free from the constraints of convention and stereotype.
{"title":"The Question of Convention and Stereotype in George Eliot’s Realism: Focusing on Chapter 17 in Adam Bede","authors":"Young-Hyeon Ryu","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.55","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the issue of stereotypes and conventions as constitutive elements of the realist form, focusing on chapter 17 of Adam Bede, which is most often cited when discussing the realist aesthetic of 19th-century English writer George Eliot. The emphasis on stereotypes and conventions is centered on Eliot’s observation of the still life. I argue that Eliot’s fiction aims for moral truth rather than mechanical objectivity in its representations in order to elicit reader’s sympathy. As such, Eliot’s realism emphasizes empirical observation while simultaneously embracing idealism. In addressing the often-debated “question of objectivity in the aesthetic representation of reality” in realism, the focus then needs to be on the word “aesthetic” as much as on “objectivity,” and this paper argues that Eliot’s aesthetic achievement is not sufficiently free from the constraints of convention and stereotype.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"116 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.5
Hyo Seon Kim
This study examines Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God through the lens of Stacy Alaimo’s concept of Trans-Corporeality. The recent emergence of materiality in feminist thought has been prompted by the debate around the linguistic turn and its social constructionist models. Postmodernism and post-structuralism have enriched feminist theory to deconstruct the biological determinism and the dichotomies of nature/culture, matter/mind, and female/male. However, these theories have perpetuated Western dualism by keeping women away from nature and disregarding the materiality of bodies. Alaimo introduces the concept of Trans-Corporeality as an epistemological zone that explores the material interchanges between bodies and the wider nonhuman environment.
This paper has two primary objectives. First, employing Alaimo’s concept as a framework, it examines the material transit between human bodies and the environment within the novel. It redefines Hurston’s environmental vision and the political nature of the text. Second, it remaps the geography of criticism about the novel via the material turn’s interpretations of biological essentialism as well as social constructionism. There has been a schism in Hurston criticism between identity politics over African American folk culture and post-structural interpretations of race and gender. This paper argues that by focusing on the microscopic interactions between the human and nonhuman worlds, it is possible to bring about substantial change in the dominant scholarship that appear irreconcilable.
{"title":"Zora Neale Hurston’s Trans-Corporeal Imagination: A Reading of Their Eyes Were Watching God","authors":"Hyo Seon Kim","doi":"10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God through the lens of Stacy Alaimo’s concept of Trans-Corporeality. The recent emergence of materiality in feminist thought has been prompted by the debate around the linguistic turn and its social constructionist models. Postmodernism and post-structuralism have enriched feminist theory to deconstruct the biological determinism and the dichotomies of nature/culture, matter/mind, and female/male. However, these theories have perpetuated Western dualism by keeping women away from nature and disregarding the materiality of bodies. Alaimo introduces the concept of Trans-Corporeality as an epistemological zone that explores the material interchanges between bodies and the wider nonhuman environment.
 This paper has two primary objectives. First, employing Alaimo’s concept as a framework, it examines the material transit between human bodies and the environment within the novel. It redefines Hurston’s environmental vision and the political nature of the text. Second, it remaps the geography of criticism about the novel via the material turn’s interpretations of biological essentialism as well as social constructionism. There has been a schism in Hurston criticism between identity politics over African American folk culture and post-structural interpretations of race and gender. This paper argues that by focusing on the microscopic interactions between the human and nonhuman worlds, it is possible to bring about substantial change in the dominant scholarship that appear irreconcilable.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"202 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.217
Sungho Lee
Charles Chesnutt’s works have been extensively studied for their exploration of cultural and racial hybridity, as they demonstrate a radical impulse to reject the postbellum American notion of a Manichaean racial divide. Chesnutt’s discussion of the black question revolves around cross-fertilization and inner conflicts that stem from cultural, racial amalgamation. In challenging the notion of race as a cultural construct, Chesnutt opposes two-race politics, envisioning a racial landscape that goes beyond both cultural assimilation and ethnic enclave-building.
This paper explores Chesnutt’s “The Wife of His Youth”, analyzing how the protagonist, Mr. Ryder, a literate upper-middle-class mulatto, navigates cultural divides between the North and the South, and between dark-skinned blacks and mulattoes. He undergoes an identity crisis, having implicitly internalized white codes for social ascension that stigmatize blackness, and Chesnutt’s critique of such an assimilationist drive is made evident when he fiercely repudiates the black extinction theory and Jim Crow legislation with his non-essentialist concept of race. Ultimately, Mr. Ryder turns to bridging the intra-racial gaps by acknowledging his wife from a slave marriage, heralding a new direction for cultural convergence. Through such a move—his sense of belonging to both the North and the South, his affiliation with both the bourgeoisie and the lower class, and the tensions between his future aspirations and personal history—Chesnutt suggests, all might advance toward the possibility of reconciliation through inclusive black community building, though not without struggles.
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 This paper explores Chesnutt’s “The Wife of His Youth”, analyzing how the protagonist, Mr. Ryder, a literate upper-middle-class mulatto, navigates cultural divides between the North and the South, and between dark-skinned blacks and mulattoes. He undergoes an identity crisis, having implicitly internalized white codes for social ascension that stigmatize blackness, and Chesnutt’s critique of such an assimilationist drive is made evident when he fiercely repudiates the black extinction theory and Jim Crow legislation with his non-essentialist concept of race. Ultimately, Mr. Ryder turns to bridging the intra-racial gaps by acknowledging his wife from a slave marriage, heralding a new direction for cultural convergence. Through such a move—his sense of belonging to both the North and the South, his affiliation with both the bourgeoisie and the lower class, and the tensions between his future aspirations and personal history—Chesnutt suggests, all might advance toward the possibility of reconciliation through inclusive black community building, though not without struggles.","PeriodicalId":488777,"journal":{"name":"Bi'pyeong gwa i'lon","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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