Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101104
Derrick W. Van Every, Matthew J. Lees, Brandan Wilson, Jeff Nippard, Stuart M. Phillips
{"title":"Load-induced human skeletal muscle hypertrophy: Mechanisms, myths, and misconceptions","authors":"Derrick W. Van Every, Matthew J. Lees, Brandan Wilson, Jeff Nippard, Stuart M. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101102
Daniel Kiehl,Zane Thompson,Alisa J Johnson,Kimberly T Sibille,Kevin R Vincent,Heather K Vincent
BACKGROUNDThis study compared knee osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes specific to pain, physical function, and quality of life in later life based on strength training (ST) participation over a lifetime.METHODSParticipants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 3192) were grouped by ST engagement during ages 12-18 years, 19-34 years, 35-49 years, and 50+ years. Participants were categorized as: No ST (no ST at any point; 61.7 ± 9.0 years (mean ± SD)), Some ST (engaged in ST during 1-3 life stages; 58.9 ± 8.7 years), and Lifelong ST (consistently engaged in ST across all life stages; 55.6 ± 8.1 years). Measures were collected at baseline and Year 4: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores (WOMAC; pain, daily activities), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS; sports, recreation), Physical Activity Score for the Elderly (PASE), Short Form-12 Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), mobility disability, chair rise time, and walking speed (20-m and 400-m).RESULTSAt Year 4, the Lifelong ST group reported better WOMAC activity scores in the right knee along with better WOMAC pain, KOOS sports/recreation, and PASE scores compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The Lifelong ST group had the lowest incidence of mobility disability of all groups (0.8% vs. 2.3%-4.1%; p = 0.015) and maintained the fastest walking speeds in Year 4.CONCLUSIONFor those with knee OA, ST throughout life may help preserve function and mobility, allowing for greater physical activity engagement while keeping pain levels relatively lower.
本研究比较了一生中力量训练（ST）参与程度对疼痛、身体功能和晚年生活质量的膝骨关节炎（OA）结果的影响。方法来自骨关节炎倡议组织（n = 3192）的参与者按ST参与年龄分为12-18岁、19-34岁、35-49岁和50岁以上。参与者分为：无ST（任何时间点无ST； 61.7±9.0年（mean±SD）），部分ST（在1-3个生命阶段从事ST； 58.9±8.7年）和终身ST（在所有生命阶段持续从事ST； 55.6±8.1年）。在基线和四年级收集测量数据：西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分（WOMAC；疼痛，日常活动），膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结局评分（oos；运动，娱乐），老年人身体活动评分（PASE）， Short Form-12身体成分评分（SF-12 PCS），行动障碍，椅子起身时间和步行速度（20米和400米）。结果在第4年，与其他组相比，终身ST组报告了更好的右膝WOMAC活动评分，以及更好的WOMAC疼痛，oos运动/娱乐和PASE评分（p < 0.05）。终身ST组的行动障碍发生率最低（0.8% vs. 2.3%-4.1%; p = 0.015），并在第4年保持最快的步行速度。结论：对于膝关节OA患者，终生ST治疗可能有助于保持功能和活动能力，允许更多的身体活动，同时保持相对较低的疼痛水平。
{"title":"Relationship of strength training lifetime exposure with functional outcomes and mobility over four years: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.","authors":"Daniel Kiehl,Zane Thompson,Alisa J Johnson,Kimberly T Sibille,Kevin R Vincent,Heather K Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101102","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThis study compared knee osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes specific to pain, physical function, and quality of life in later life based on strength training (ST) participation over a lifetime.METHODSParticipants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 3192) were grouped by ST engagement during ages 12-18 years, 19-34 years, 35-49 years, and 50+ years. Participants were categorized as: No ST (no ST at any point; 61.7 ± 9.0 years (mean ± SD)), Some ST (engaged in ST during 1-3 life stages; 58.9 ± 8.7 years), and Lifelong ST (consistently engaged in ST across all life stages; 55.6 ± 8.1 years). Measures were collected at baseline and Year 4: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores (WOMAC; pain, daily activities), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS; sports, recreation), Physical Activity Score for the Elderly (PASE), Short Form-12 Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), mobility disability, chair rise time, and walking speed (20-m and 400-m).RESULTSAt Year 4, the Lifelong ST group reported better WOMAC activity scores in the right knee along with better WOMAC pain, KOOS sports/recreation, and PASE scores compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The Lifelong ST group had the lowest incidence of mobility disability of all groups (0.8% vs. 2.3%-4.1%; p = 0.015) and maintained the fastest walking speeds in Year 4.CONCLUSIONFor those with knee OA, ST throughout life may help preserve function and mobility, allowing for greater physical activity engagement while keeping pain levels relatively lower.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"101102"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101101
Helena Ludwig-Walz, Sarah Heinisch, Waldemar Siemens, Claudia Niessner, Tanja Eberhardt, Indra Dannheim, Regina Guthold, Martin Bujard
{"title":"Trends in physical fitness among children and adolescents in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analyses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Helena Ludwig-Walz, Sarah Heinisch, Waldemar Siemens, Claudia Niessner, Tanja Eberhardt, Indra Dannheim, Regina Guthold, Martin Bujard","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"379 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101100
Robert J. Shute, Ryan N. Montalvo, Wenqing Shen, Yuntian Guan, Qing Yu, Mei Zhang, Zhen Yan
{"title":"Weightlifting outperforms voluntary wheel running for improving adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice","authors":"Robert J. Shute, Ryan N. Montalvo, Wenqing Shen, Yuntian Guan, Qing Yu, Mei Zhang, Zhen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101099
Jiahong Sun, Yanan Qiao, Fei Li, Ruilang Lin, Yongfu Yu, Mingming Wang, Min Zhao, Bo Xi
{"title":"Associations of accelerometer-measured light-intensity physical activity with mortality and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancers: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Jiahong Sun, Yanan Qiao, Fei Li, Ruilang Lin, Yongfu Yu, Mingming Wang, Min Zhao, Bo Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145382589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101097
John M Jakicic,Christian E Behrens,Sarah E Deemer,Bethany Forseth,Christos S Katsanos,Brett S Nickerson,Wagner L Prado,Xuewen Wang,Landon S Deru,Renee J Rogers
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions. This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health. Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved, with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone. These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic, brain, cognitive and psychological health, and others. Moreover, in adults with overweight or obesity, physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical function, and mobility. There are also benefits to body composition, with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss. Therefore, physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone. However, physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective, and should support a focus on mobility, physical function, and other health outcomes.
{"title":"Physical activity and exercise within the context of obesity treatment: Enhancing health beyond weight loss.","authors":"John M Jakicic,Christian E Behrens,Sarah E Deemer,Bethany Forseth,Christos S Katsanos,Brett S Nickerson,Wagner L Prado,Xuewen Wang,Landon S Deru,Renee J Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101097","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions. This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health. Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved, with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone. These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic, brain, cognitive and psychological health, and others. Moreover, in adults with overweight or obesity, physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical function, and mobility. There are also benefits to body composition, with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss. Therefore, physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone. However, physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective, and should support a focus on mobility, physical function, and other health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"101097"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101098
Nicolas J Pillon,Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos,Juleen R Zierath,Barbara E Ainsworth
BACKGROUNDCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk, yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined, particularly in females and underrepresented populations. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) internationally and examined its association with human development and gender inequality.METHODSStudies were eligible if V̇O2peak was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing, and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII). Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between V̇O2peak, age, sex, exercise modality, HDI, GII, and study year.RESULTSData included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores, comprising 119,435 adults (42% females) with V̇O2peak assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing. The risk of bias was low. V̇O2peak was positively associated with HDI (β = 14.1) and negatively associated with GII (β = -3.6). Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males (HDI: β = 18.9 vs. β = 13.9, GII: β = -4.6 vs. β = -3.6). Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher V̇O2peak than those in low-HDI countries (31.2 mL/kg/min vs. 28.5 mL/kg/min), with limited additional gains in high-HDI contexts. V̇O2peak decreased with higher gender inequality, with the largest disparities observed in young females between high- and low-GII countries (32.8 mL/kg/min vs. 26.3 mL/kg/min).CONCLUSIONGlobal variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality. These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion. Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.
研究背景：心肺健康（CRF）是死亡率和慢性疾病风险的一个强有力的预测指标，然而全球CRF的模式和决定因素仍然不明确，特别是在女性和代表性不足的人群中。我们对国际上直接测量的峰值摄氧量（V * O2peak）进行了系统回顾和定量综合，并研究了其与人类发育和性别不平等的关系。方法通过最大运动测试时的直接气体分析评估V²o2峰值，以及国家的人类发展指数（HDI）和性别不平等指数（GII）得分，均符合研究条件。研究通过MEDLINE/PubMed、Embase、CINAHL和Web of Science进行鉴定。偏倚风险采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行评估。多变量线性回归模型检验了V²峰值、年龄、性别、运动方式、HDI、GII和研究年份之间的关系。结果数据包括来自24个国家的95项研究，有HDI和GII评分，包括119,435名成年人（42%为女性），他们在最大运动测试中通过直接气体分析评估了V²o峰值。偏倚风险较低。与HDI呈正相关（β = 14.1），与GII呈负相关（β = -3.6）。女性的相关性略强于男性（HDI: β = 18.9 vs. β = 13.9,GII: β = -4.6 vs. β = -3.6）。中等hdi国家的年轻女性比低hdi国家的女性有更高的V²o2峰值（31.2 mL/kg/min vs. 28.5 mL/kg/min），在高hdi环境下的额外增益有限。随着性别不平等程度的提高，V / o2峰值降低，高gii国家和低gii国家的年轻女性差异最大（32.8 mL/kg/min vs. 26.3 mL/kg/min）。结论CRF的全球变化与国家人类发展水平和性别平等有关。这些发现支持优先考虑结构性和政策层面的干预措施，以解决在获得身体活动和促进健康方面的社会和性别差异。来自人类发展指数较低国家的研究以及关于种族和社会经济地位的信息，将弥合在理解全球CRF水平所涉及因素方面的重大差距。
{"title":"Human development and gender inequality are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness: A global systematic review of V̇O2peak.","authors":"Nicolas J Pillon,Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos,Juleen R Zierath,Barbara E Ainsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101098","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk, yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined, particularly in females and underrepresented populations. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) internationally and examined its association with human development and gender inequality.METHODSStudies were eligible if V̇O2peak was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing, and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII). Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between V̇O2peak, age, sex, exercise modality, HDI, GII, and study year.RESULTSData included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores, comprising 119,435 adults (42% females) with V̇O2peak assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing. The risk of bias was low. V̇O2peak was positively associated with HDI (β = 14.1) and negatively associated with GII (β = -3.6). Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males (HDI: β = 18.9 vs. β = 13.9, GII: β = -4.6 vs. β = -3.6). Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher V̇O2peak than those in low-HDI countries (31.2 mL/kg/min vs. 28.5 mL/kg/min), with limited additional gains in high-HDI contexts. V̇O2peak decreased with higher gender inequality, with the largest disparities observed in young females between high- and low-GII countries (32.8 mL/kg/min vs. 26.3 mL/kg/min).CONCLUSIONGlobal variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality. These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion. Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"101098"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101096
Ana B Alves-Wagner,Fahmida Jahan,Joji Kusuyama,Pasquale Nigro,Michael F Hirshman,Laurie J Goodyear
BACKGROUNDMaternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood, helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity. Fortunately, studies in rodent models have established that female dams (F0) that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation (F1) offspring with improved glucose tolerance, suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission. We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires, as their progeny (F2) have similarly improved metabolic health. Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known. Here, we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers, via their F1 female progeny, produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.METHODSSix-week-old C57BL/6N female mice (F0) were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy. Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring. F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age. Metabolic parameters were assessed, including food intake, body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance, systemic glucose and insulin levels, and liver metabolism.RESULTSGrandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life, nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass. Remarkably, despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters, grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age, effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.CONCLUSIONVoluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring, despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation. Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.
{"title":"Grandmaternal exercise improves the metabolic health of second-generation offspring generated from F1 females.","authors":"Ana B Alves-Wagner,Fahmida Jahan,Joji Kusuyama,Pasquale Nigro,Michael F Hirshman,Laurie J Goodyear","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101096","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMaternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood, helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity. Fortunately, studies in rodent models have established that female dams (F0) that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation (F1) offspring with improved glucose tolerance, suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission. We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires, as their progeny (F2) have similarly improved metabolic health. Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known. Here, we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers, via their F1 female progeny, produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.METHODSSix-week-old C57BL/6N female mice (F0) were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy. Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring. F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age. Metabolic parameters were assessed, including food intake, body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance, systemic glucose and insulin levels, and liver metabolism.RESULTSGrandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life, nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass. Remarkably, despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters, grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age, effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.CONCLUSIONVoluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring, despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation. Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"101096"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101095
Nimna Perera,Minh Deo,Surafel Tegegne,Yow Keat Tham,Natalie A Mellett,Anida Velagic,Alex M Parker,Oliver K Fuller,Lauren V Terry,Casey L Egan,Peter J Meikle,Rebecca H Ritchie,Mark A Febbraio,Miles J De Blasio
BACKGROUNDObesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease. Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function, alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.METHODSSix-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice commenced a high fat diet (HFD) or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked (sedentary) or unlocked (voluntary exercise training (VET)) running wheels at 10 weeks of age. Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition, and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.RESULTSCompared with chow-fed animals, the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins (CL) in the heart, which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complex II and IV activity following high fat feeding, while VET enhanced complex I activity, emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.CONCLUSIONThis study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Influence of diet-induced obesity and voluntary exercise training on cardiac lipids and mitochondrial function in mice.","authors":"Nimna Perera,Minh Deo,Surafel Tegegne,Yow Keat Tham,Natalie A Mellett,Anida Velagic,Alex M Parker,Oliver K Fuller,Lauren V Terry,Casey L Egan,Peter J Meikle,Rebecca H Ritchie,Mark A Febbraio,Miles J De Blasio","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101095","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDObesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease. Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function, alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.METHODSSix-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice commenced a high fat diet (HFD) or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked (sedentary) or unlocked (voluntary exercise training (VET)) running wheels at 10 weeks of age. Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition, and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.RESULTSCompared with chow-fed animals, the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins (CL) in the heart, which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complex II and IV activity following high fat feeding, while VET enhanced complex I activity, emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.CONCLUSIONThis study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"101095"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101094
Junhao Huang,Peilun Li,Bing Shen,Huiwen Gao,Shen Wang,Pingyu Wang,Weiji Deng,Dongdong Gao,Min Hu
BACKGROUNDExercise training may counteract the detrimental effects of obesity on endothelial function by enhancing the reparative capabilities of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC); however, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced EPC-mediated endothelial repair are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which exercise-induced circulating exosomes protect against endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity.METHODSAn 8-week aerobic exercise intervention in both obese human participants and high-fat diet-induced obese rats was conducted. Circulating exosomes were isolated and characterized. microRNA sequencing, molecular biology techniques, and functional assays (including proliferation, migration, and luciferase reporter assays) were employed to identify key exosomal microRNAs and their downstream targets. A microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) knockout rat model was used to validate its role in vivo.RESULTSExercise promoted EPC-mediated repair of endothelial damage and upregulated exosomal miR-214-3p in both obese humans and rats, without altering exosome quantity. miR-214-3p enhanced EPC proliferation and migration directly, by upregulating collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) expression, and indirectly, through the phosphatase and tensin homolog, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, serine/threonine kinase (PTEN-PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway. Knockout of miR-214-3p abolished the exercise-induced improvements in endothelial and EPC functionalities. The myocardium was identified as an important source of the exercise-induced increase in circulating exosomal miR-214-3p.CONCLUSIONLong-term aerobic exercise promotes endothelial repair in obesity by enriching circulating exosomes with miR-214-3p, which enhances EPC function via the PTEN-PI3K-Akt pathway and direct regulation of COL1A2. These findings reveal a novel exosome-mediated mechanism through which exercise improves vascular health and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for obesity-related endothelial dysfunction.
{"title":"Long-term aerobic exercise enhances circulating exosomal miR-214-3p to promote endothelial progenitor cell-mediated repair of endothelial damage induced by obesity.","authors":"Junhao Huang,Peilun Li,Bing Shen,Huiwen Gao,Shen Wang,Pingyu Wang,Weiji Deng,Dongdong Gao,Min Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExercise training may counteract the detrimental effects of obesity on endothelial function by enhancing the reparative capabilities of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC); however, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced EPC-mediated endothelial repair are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which exercise-induced circulating exosomes protect against endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity.METHODSAn 8-week aerobic exercise intervention in both obese human participants and high-fat diet-induced obese rats was conducted. Circulating exosomes were isolated and characterized. microRNA sequencing, molecular biology techniques, and functional assays (including proliferation, migration, and luciferase reporter assays) were employed to identify key exosomal microRNAs and their downstream targets. A microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) knockout rat model was used to validate its role in vivo.RESULTSExercise promoted EPC-mediated repair of endothelial damage and upregulated exosomal miR-214-3p in both obese humans and rats, without altering exosome quantity. miR-214-3p enhanced EPC proliferation and migration directly, by upregulating collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) expression, and indirectly, through the phosphatase and tensin homolog, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, serine/threonine kinase (PTEN-PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway. Knockout of miR-214-3p abolished the exercise-induced improvements in endothelial and EPC functionalities. The myocardium was identified as an important source of the exercise-induced increase in circulating exosomal miR-214-3p.CONCLUSIONLong-term aerobic exercise promotes endothelial repair in obesity by enriching circulating exosomes with miR-214-3p, which enhances EPC function via the PTEN-PI3K-Akt pathway and direct regulation of COL1A2. These findings reveal a novel exosome-mediated mechanism through which exercise improves vascular health and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for obesity-related endothelial dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"85 1","pages":"101094"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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