Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972
Jiawei Du, Jinghua Hou
{"title":"Commentary on the dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates in McArdle disease: Methodological considerations and practical implications.","authors":"Jiawei Du, Jinghua Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.
Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.
Results: In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle.
Conclusion: Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
{"title":"BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise.","authors":"Mingwei Guo, Fei Shen, Xiaozhen Guo, Jun Zhang, Ying Ma, Xia Wu, Hui Zuo, Jing Yao, Yepeng Hu, Dongmei Wang, Yu Li, Jin Li, Jin Qiu, Jian Yu, Meiyao Meng, Ying Zheng, Xin Chen, Mingkai Gong, Kailin Liu, Ling Jin, Xiangyu Ren, Qiang Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xuejiang Gu, Feixia Shen, Dali Li, Liangcai Gao, Chang Liu, Fei Zhou, Mian Li, Jiqiu Wang, Shuzhe Ding, Xinran Ma, Jian Lu, Cen Xie, Junjie Xiao, Lingyan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970
Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V Rowlands, Paddy C Dempsey, Cameron Razieh, Joe Henson, Jonathan Goldney, Benjamin D Maylor, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Yogini Chudasama, Charlotte Edwardson, Jari A Laukkanen, Ulf Ekelund, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates
Background: There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.
Methods: Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.
Results: 40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4-4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6-5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0-1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9-3.1) years in inactive men.
Conclusion: Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.
{"title":"Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V Rowlands, Paddy C Dempsey, Cameron Razieh, Joe Henson, Jonathan Goldney, Benjamin D Maylor, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Yogini Chudasama, Charlotte Edwardson, Jari A Laukkanen, Ulf Ekelund, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4-4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6-5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0-1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9-3.1) years in inactive men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.002
Hui Tang, Barry Munkasy, Li Li
Background: The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis. Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements, such as running. Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking. Thus, the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems. Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation, we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.
Methods: Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected, along with ground reaction force data, from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds: 2.24 m/s, 2.91 m/s, and 3.58 m/s (5.0 miles/h, 6.5 miles/h, and 8.0 miles/h). Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods. Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.
Results: Compared to the marker-based system, the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.
Conclusion: Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings, systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention. Based on segment pose estimations, the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers, which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs. marker-based systems. The differences were amplified by running speed.
{"title":"Differences between lower extremity joint running kinetics captured by marker-based and markerless systems were speed dependent.","authors":"Hui Tang, Barry Munkasy, Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis. Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements, such as running. Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking. Thus, the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems. Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation, we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected, along with ground reaction force data, from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds: 2.24 m/s, 2.91 m/s, and 3.58 m/s (5.0 miles/h, 6.5 miles/h, and 8.0 miles/h). Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods. Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the marker-based system, the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings, systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention. Based on segment pose estimations, the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers, which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs. marker-based systems. The differences were amplified by running speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002
Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N Ahmadi, Tiana-Lee Elphick, Bo-Huei Huang, Susan Paudel, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Li-Jung Chen, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Yun-Ju Lai, Andreas Holtermann, Po-Wen Ku
Background: Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.
Methods: This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.3 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD) apart. Exposures were baseline OPA, OPA changes, and baseline leisure-time physical activity.
Results: Over a mean mortality follow-up of 16.2 ± 5.5 years for men and 16.4 ± 5.4 years for women, 11,696 deaths (2033 of CVD and 4631 of cancer causes) in men and 8980 deaths (1475 of CVD and 3689 of cancer causes) in women occurred. Combined moderately heavy/heavy baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.89-0.98 compared to light OPA) and women (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79-0.93). Over a mean mortality follow-up of 12.5 ± 4.6 years for men and 12.6 ± 4.6 years for women, OPA decreases in men were detrimentally associated (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01-1.33) with all-cause mortality, while OPA increases in women were beneficially (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) associated with the same outcome. Baseline or changes in OPA showed no associations with CVD or cancer mortality.
Conclusion: Higher baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality risk in both men and women. Our longitudinal OPA analyses partly confirmed the prospective findings, with some discordance between sex groups.
{"title":"Occupational physical activity, all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in 349,248 adults: Prospective and longitudinal analyses of the MJ Cohort.","authors":"Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N Ahmadi, Tiana-Lee Elphick, Bo-Huei Huang, Susan Paudel, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Li-Jung Chen, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Yun-Ju Lai, Andreas Holtermann, Po-Wen Ku","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.3 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD) apart. Exposures were baseline OPA, OPA changes, and baseline leisure-time physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a mean mortality follow-up of 16.2 ± 5.5 years for men and 16.4 ± 5.4 years for women, 11,696 deaths (2033 of CVD and 4631 of cancer causes) in men and 8980 deaths (1475 of CVD and 3689 of cancer causes) in women occurred. Combined moderately heavy/heavy baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.89-0.98 compared to light OPA) and women (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79-0.93). Over a mean mortality follow-up of 12.5 ± 4.6 years for men and 12.6 ± 4.6 years for women, OPA decreases in men were detrimentally associated (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01-1.33) with all-cause mortality, while OPA increases in women were beneficially (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) associated with the same outcome. Baseline or changes in OPA showed no associations with CVD or cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality risk in both men and women. Our longitudinal OPA analyses partly confirmed the prospective findings, with some discordance between sex groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.003
Ting Wang, Jinghua Chen, Robert Schinke, Liye Zou
{"title":"Commentary on \"Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits\".","authors":"Ting Wang, Jinghua Chen, Robert Schinke, Liye Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.004
Helder S Lopes, Marina C Waiteman, Liliam B Priore, Neal R Glaviano, David M Bazett-Jones, Ronaldo V Briani, Fábio M Azevedo
Background: Impairments in hamstring strength, flexibility, and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics, pain, and function. Determining the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and rehabilitation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength, flexibility, and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders.
Methods: Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to September 2022. Only studies comparing hamstring outcomes (e.g., strength, flexibility, and/or morphology) between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were included. Meta-analyses for each knee disorder were performed. Outcome-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, and evidence gap maps were created.
Results: Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders (i.e., knee osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain (PFP), chondromalacia patellae, and patellar tendinopathy) were included. Individuals with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) : -1.32 to -0.21) and concentric contractions (SMD = -0.97, 95%CI : -1.49 to -0.45). Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric (SMD = -0.48, 95%CI : -0.82 to -0.14), concentric (SMD = -1.07, 95%CI : -2.08 to -0.06), and eccentric contractions (SMD = -0.59, 95%CI : -0.97 to -0.21). No differences were observed in individuals with patellar tendinopathy. Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls (SMD = -0.76, 95%CI : -1.15 to -0.36). Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patellae and hamstring morphology across all gradual-onset knee disorders.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that assessing and targeting impairments in hamstring strength and flexibility during rehabilitation may be recommended for individuals with knee OA or PFP.
背景:腘绳肌力量、柔韧性和形态的损伤与膝关节生物力学、疼痛和功能的改变有关。确定逐渐发生的膝关节疾病患者是否存在这些损伤是很重要的,并可能指出评估和康复的目标。本系统综述旨在综合文献,以确定逐渐发病的膝关节疾病患者的腘绳肌力量、柔韧性和形态是否存在损伤。方法:检索MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science 5个数据库,检索时间为建库至2022年9月。本研究只包括了对逐渐发病的膝关节疾病患者与未受影响的肢体或无疼痛对照者的腿筋结果(如力量、柔韧性和/或形态)进行比较的研究。对每一种膝关节疾病进行meta分析。结果水平的确定性采用分级建议评估、发展和评估进行评估,并创建证据差距图。结果:79项研究涉及4种不同的渐进性膝关节疾病(即膝骨关节炎(OA)、髌骨股痛(PFP)、髌骨软骨软化症和髌骨肌腱病)。与无痛对照相比,膝关节OA患者在等距收缩(标准平均差(SMD) = -0.76,95%可信区间(95% ci) : -1.32至-0.21)和同心收缩(SMD = -0.97,95% ci : -1.49至-0.45)时腘绳肌力量降低。PFP面对患者减少肌腱力量相比,无痛控制在等距(SMD = -0.48,95% ci : -0.82到-0.14),同心(SMD = -1.07,95% ci : -2.08到-0.06),和偏心收缩(SMD = -0.59,95% ci : -0.97到-0.21)。在患有髌骨肌腱病变的个体中没有观察到差异。与无痛对照组相比,PFP患者腘绳肌柔韧性降低(SMD = -0.76,95%CI: -1.15至-0.36)。证据缺口图表明,在所有逐渐发病的膝关节疾病中,髌骨软骨软化症和腿筋形态的证据不足。结论:我们的研究结果表明,对于膝关节OA或PFP患者,在康复过程中评估和定位腘绳肌力量和柔韧性的损伤是值得推荐的。
{"title":"There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps: A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength, flexibility, and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders.","authors":"Helder S Lopes, Marina C Waiteman, Liliam B Priore, Neal R Glaviano, David M Bazett-Jones, Ronaldo V Briani, Fábio M Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impairments in hamstring strength, flexibility, and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics, pain, and function. Determining the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and rehabilitation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength, flexibility, and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to September 2022. Only studies comparing hamstring outcomes (e.g., strength, flexibility, and/or morphology) between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were included. Meta-analyses for each knee disorder were performed. Outcome-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, and evidence gap maps were created.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders (i.e., knee osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain (PFP), chondromalacia patellae, and patellar tendinopathy) were included. Individuals with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) : -1.32 to -0.21) and concentric contractions (SMD = -0.97, 95%CI : -1.49 to -0.45). Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric (SMD = -0.48, 95%CI : -0.82 to -0.14), concentric (SMD = -1.07, 95%CI : -2.08 to -0.06), and eccentric contractions (SMD = -0.59, 95%CI : -0.97 to -0.21). No differences were observed in individuals with patellar tendinopathy. Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls (SMD = -0.76, 95%CI : -1.15 to -0.36). Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patellae and hamstring morphology across all gradual-onset knee disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that assessing and targeting impairments in hamstring strength and flexibility during rehabilitation may be recommended for individuals with knee OA or PFP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10282956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.006
Hugo de Luca Corrêa, Lysleine Alves Deus, Dahan da Cunha Nascimento, Nicholas Rolnick, Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves, Andrea Lucena Reis, Thais Branquinho de Araújo, Carmen Tzanno-Martins, Fernanda Silveira Tavares, Luiz Sinésio Silva Neto, Cláudio Avelino Rodrigues Santos, Paolo Lucas Rodrigues-Silva, Fernando Honorato Souza, Vitória Marra da Motta Vilalva Mestrinho, Rafael Lavarini Dos Santos, Rosangela Vieira Andrade, Jonato Prestes, Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) per se is a risk factor for thrombosis. Considering the growing body of evidence on blood-flow restriction (BFR) exercise in HD patients, identification of possible risk factors related to the prothrombotic agent D-dimer is required for the safety and feasibility of this training model. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with higher D-dimer levels and to determine the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with BFR on this molecule.
Methods: Two hundred and six HD patients volunteered for this study (all with a glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2). The RE + BFR session consisted of 50% arterial occlusion pressure during 50 min sessions of HD (intradialytic exercise). RE repetitions included concentric and eccentric lifting phases (each lasting 2 s) and were supervised by a strength and conditioning specialist.
Results: Several variables were associated with elevated levels of D-dimer, including higher blood glucose, citrate use, recent cardiovascular events, recent intercurrents, higher inflammatory status, catheter as vascular access, older patients (>70 years old), and HD vintage. Furthermore, RE + BFR significantly increases D-dimer after 4 h. Patients with borderline baseline D-dimer levels (400-490 ng/mL) displayed increased risk of elevating D-dimer over the normal range (≥500 ng/mL).
Conclusion: These results identified factors associated with a heightened prothrombotic state and may assist in the screening process for HD patients who wish to undergo RE + BFR. D-dimer and/or other fibrinolysis factors should be assessed at baseline and throughout the protocol as a precautionary measure to maximize safety during RE + BFR.
背景:血液透析(HD)本身就是血栓形成的一个危险因素。考虑到在血液透析患者中进行血流限制(BFR)运动的证据越来越多,为了确保这种训练模式的安全性和可行性,需要确定与促血栓形成因子 D-二聚体有关的可能风险因素。本研究旨在确定与较高 D-二聚体水平相关的风险因素,并确定阻力运动(RE)与 BFR 对该分子的急性影响:260名血液透析患者自愿参加了这项研究(所有患者的肾小球滤过率均低于15 mL/min/1.73m2)。RE+BFR训练包括在50分钟的血液透析过程中施加50%的动脉闭塞压力(透析内运动)。RE重复包括同心和偏心抬举阶段(各持续2秒),并由力量和调理专家进行监督:有几个变量与 D-二聚体水平升高有关,包括血糖较高、使用枸橼酸盐、近期发生过心血管事件、近期发生过交叉感染、炎症较重、导管作为血管通路、年龄较大的患者(大于 70 岁)和 HD 年份。此外,RE + BFR 会在 4 小时后明显增加 D-二聚体。基线 D-二聚体水平处于边缘(400-490 纳克/毫升)的患者 D-二聚体升高超过正常范围(>500 纳克/毫升)的风险增加:这些结果确定了与血栓前状态升高有关的因素,可能有助于对希望接受 RE + BFR 的 HD 患者进行筛查。作为一项预防措施,应在基线和整个方案中对 D-二聚体和/或其他纤溶因子进行评估,以最大限度地提高 RE + BFR 期间的安全性。
{"title":"Concerns about the application of resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients.","authors":"Hugo de Luca Corrêa, Lysleine Alves Deus, Dahan da Cunha Nascimento, Nicholas Rolnick, Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves, Andrea Lucena Reis, Thais Branquinho de Araújo, Carmen Tzanno-Martins, Fernanda Silveira Tavares, Luiz Sinésio Silva Neto, Cláudio Avelino Rodrigues Santos, Paolo Lucas Rodrigues-Silva, Fernando Honorato Souza, Vitória Marra da Motta Vilalva Mestrinho, Rafael Lavarini Dos Santos, Rosangela Vieira Andrade, Jonato Prestes, Thiago Dos Santos Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemodialysis (HD) per se is a risk factor for thrombosis. Considering the growing body of evidence on blood-flow restriction (BFR) exercise in HD patients, identification of possible risk factors related to the prothrombotic agent D-dimer is required for the safety and feasibility of this training model. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with higher D-dimer levels and to determine the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with BFR on this molecule.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and six HD patients volunteered for this study (all with a glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). The RE + BFR session consisted of 50% arterial occlusion pressure during 50 min sessions of HD (intradialytic exercise). RE repetitions included concentric and eccentric lifting phases (each lasting 2 s) and were supervised by a strength and conditioning specialist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several variables were associated with elevated levels of D-dimer, including higher blood glucose, citrate use, recent cardiovascular events, recent intercurrents, higher inflammatory status, catheter as vascular access, older patients (>70 years old), and HD vintage. Furthermore, RE + BFR significantly increases D-dimer after 4 h. Patients with borderline baseline D-dimer levels (400-490 ng/mL) displayed increased risk of elevating D-dimer over the normal range (≥500 ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results identified factors associated with a heightened prothrombotic state and may assist in the screening process for HD patients who wish to undergo RE + BFR. D-dimer and/or other fibrinolysis factors should be assessed at baseline and throughout the protocol as a precautionary measure to maximize safety during RE + BFR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.004
John W Orchard, Ebonie Rio, Kay M Crossley, Jessica J Orchard, Margo Mountjoy
Background: Sports medicine (injury and illnesses) requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insufficient for sports medicine coding. The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic Committee. Regular updates of coding systems are required.
Methods: For Version 15, updates for mental health conditions in athletes, sports cardiology, concussion sub-types, infectious diseases, and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly important.
Results: Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in athletes. Two landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology codes. Rugby union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion codes.
Conclusion: It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international accessibility. The large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.
{"title":"Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15.","authors":"John W Orchard, Ebonie Rio, Kay M Crossley, Jessica J Orchard, Margo Mountjoy","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports medicine (injury and illnesses) requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insufficient for sports medicine coding. The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic Committee. Regular updates of coding systems are required.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For Version 15, updates for mental health conditions in athletes, sports cardiology, concussion sub-types, infectious diseases, and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly important.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in athletes. Two landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology codes. Rugby union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion codes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international accessibility. The large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.005
Kyung-Min Kim, Joo-Sung Kim, Alan R Needle
Background: Acute lateral ankle sprains (ALAS) are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural excitability. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) has been observed in this population; however, relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear, potentially due to the resting, prone position in which AMI is typically measured. Assessing AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this relationship.
Methods: AMI was assessed in 38 young adults (19 ALAS within 72 h of injury: 10 males, 21.4 ± 2.7 years; 19 healthy controls: 10 males, 21.9 ± 2.2 years; mean ± SD) using the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) during bipedal stance. Electrical stimulation was administered to identify the maximal H-reflex (Hmax) and maximal motor response (Mmax) from the soleus, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior muscles. The primary outcome measure was the Hmax/Mmax ratio. Secondary outcomes included acute symptoms (pain and swelling), postural control during bipedal stance, and self-reported function.
Results: No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any muscle. However, a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle (F(1,35) = 6.82, p = 0.013), indicating significantly lower Hmax/Mmax ratios following ALAS (0.38 ± 0.20) compared to healthy controls (0.53 ± 0.16). Furthermore, lower Hmax/Mmax ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural control.
Conclusion: This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS, providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal injury. Our results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.
背景:急性外侧踝关节扭伤(ALAS)与神经兴奋性改变引起的长期损伤和不稳定性有关。在这类人群中已观察到关节源性肌肉抑制(AMI);然而,与损伤相关损伤的关系尚不清楚,这可能是由于测量AMI时通常采用静息、俯卧姿势。评估双足站立时的 AMI 可以更好地了解这种关系:对 38 名年轻成年人(19 名在受伤后 72 小时内进行了 ALAS,10 名男性,21.4 ± 2.5 ± 1.5)的 AMI 进行了评估:10 名男性,21.4 ± 2.7 岁;19 名健康对照组:10 名男性,21.9 ± 2.2 岁;平均 ± SD)在双足站立时使用霍夫曼反射(H-反射)进行评估。通过电刺激来识别比目鱼肌、腓骨长肌和胫骨前肌的最大反射(Hmax)和运动(Mmax)反应。主要结果指标为 Hmax/Mmax 比率。次要结果包括急性症状(疼痛和肿胀)、双足站立时的姿势控制以及自我报告的功能:结果:在任何肌肉上都没有观察到明显的组间肢体交互作用。然而,在比目鱼肌上观察到了明显的组间主效应(F(1,35) = 6.82, p = 0.013),表明与健康对照组(0.53 ± 0.16)相比,ALAS 后的 Hmax/Mmax 比值(0.38 ± 0.20)明显较低。此外,比目鱼肌较低的Hmax/Mmax比率与急性症状和自我报告的功能显著相关,但与姿势控制无关:本研究支持了之前关于 ALAS 患者 AMI 的证据,为了解肌肉骨骼损伤对神经生理学的影响提供了见解。我们的研究结果表明,评估急性损伤后站立姿势下的 AMI 可为了解 AMI 的发展过程提供有价值的信息,并指导潜在的治疗方案,以遏制和抵消关节不稳定性的形成。
{"title":"Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control.","authors":"Kyung-Min Kim, Joo-Sung Kim, Alan R Needle","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lateral ankle sprains (ALAS) are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural excitability. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) has been observed in this population; however, relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear, potentially due to the resting, prone position in which AMI is typically measured. Assessing AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AMI was assessed in 38 young adults (19 ALAS within 72 h of injury: 10 males, 21.4 ± 2.7 years; 19 healthy controls: 10 males, 21.9 ± 2.2 years; mean ± SD) using the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) during bipedal stance. Electrical stimulation was administered to identify the maximal H-reflex (H<sub>max</sub>) and maximal motor response (M<sub>max</sub>) from the soleus, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior muscles. The primary outcome measure was the H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> ratio. Secondary outcomes included acute symptoms (pain and swelling), postural control during bipedal stance, and self-reported function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any muscle. However, a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle (F<sub>(1,35)</sub> = 6.82, p = 0.013), indicating significantly lower H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> ratios following ALAS (0.38 ± 0.20) compared to healthy controls (0.53 ± 0.16). Furthermore, lower H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS, providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal injury. Our results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}