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Self-perceived middle-distance race pace is faster in advanced footwear technology spikes. 穿上先进鞋类技术的钉鞋,自我感觉中长跑比赛速度更快。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100975
Montgomery Bertschy, Victor Rodrigo-Carranza, Ethan W C Wilkie, Laura A Healey, Jeremy Noble, Wayne J Albert, Wouter Hoogkamer

Background: Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology (AFT) track shoes (i.e., "spikes") in middle-distance events is challenging, because repeated maximal effort trials (as in sprinting) or aerobic running economy trials (as in long-distance running) are not feasible.

Methods: We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes, consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery, and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and utility.

Results: In Experiment 1, participants ran 1.2% slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs. control spikes, which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance. In Experiment 2, participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs. traditional spikes. In Experiment 3, we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days. Group-level results were consistent across days, but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses. In Experiment 4, participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs. traditional spikes (2.1% and 1.6%). Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes. These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models (2.3% and 1.9%), while step length was similar between the other spikes.

Conclusion: Our novel, interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.

背景:量化先进鞋类技术(AFT)田径鞋(即 "钉鞋")在中长跑比赛中的潜在益处具有挑战性,因为反复进行最大努力试验(如短跑)或有氧跑步经济性试验(如长跑)是不可行的:方法:我们引入了一种新方法来评估 AFT 秒杀的益处,该方法包括一系列以自我感觉的中长跑比赛速度进行的 200 米跑步,恢复时间为 10 分钟,并进行了 4 次实验来评估其有效性、灵敏度、可重复性和实用性:在实验 1 中,与对照组相比,参与者穿着增加了 200 克质量的鞋钉跑步速度慢了 1.2%,这与已知的鞋质量对跑步成绩的影响完全相同。在实验 2 中,参与者穿着 AFT 原型钉鞋跑步的速度明显快于传统钉鞋。在实验 3 中,我们分别在 3 天内比较了另外两种 AFT 原型钉鞋和传统钉鞋。各天的组级结果一致,但我们的数据表明,要评估个体反应,至少需要进行两次单独训练。在实验 4 中,2 个 AFT 穗状模型与传统穗状模型相比,参与者的跑步速度明显更快(2.1% 和 1.6%)。第三种 AFT 穗状模型与传统穗状模型的速度相似。这些速度结果反映在步长的变化上,因为参与者在 2 个速度更快的 AFT 穗状模型中的步长明显更长(2.3% 和 1.9%),而在其他穗状模型中步长相似:我们基于时间间隔的新方法是量化中长跑强度下尖峰间差异的有效而可靠的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing pediatric exercise research: A focus on immunomics and cutting-edge technologies. 推进儿科运动研究:专注于免疫组学和尖端技术。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.011
Abel Plaza-Florido, Alejandro Lucia, Shlomit Radom-Aizik
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引用次数: 0
Development, validation, and transportability of several machine-learned, non-exercise-based VO2max prediction models for older adults. 针对老年人开发、验证和运输几种基于机器学习的非运动型 VO2max 预测模型。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.004
Benjamin T Schumacher, Michael J LaMonte, Andrea Z LaCroix, Eleanor M Simonsick, Steven P Hooker, Humberto Parada, John Bellettiere, Arun Kumar

Background: There exist few maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) non-exercise-based prediction equations, fewer using machine learning (ML), and none specifically for older adults. Since direct measurement of VO2max is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies, we sought to develop, validate, compare, and assess the transportability of several ML VO2max prediction algorithms.

Methods: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants with valid VO2max tests were included (n = 1080). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were trained to predict VO2max values. We developed these algorithms for: (a) the overall BLSA, (b) by sex, (c) using all BLSA variables, and (d) variables common in aging cohorts. Finally, we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO2max and mortality.

Results: The age was 69.0 ± 10.4 years (mean ± SD) and the measured VO2max was 21.6 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, and 3.5 mL/kg/min, respectively. Incremental quartiles of measured VO2max showed an inverse gradient in mortality risk. Predicted VO2max variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to adjustment.

Conclusion: Measured VO2max is a strong predictor of mortality. Using ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to adjustment. Future studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO2max, an important vital sign, can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

目标:基于非运动的最大摄氧量(VO2max)预测方程很少,使用机器学习(ML)的更少,而且没有专门针对老年人的预测方程。由于在大型流行病学队列研究中不可能直接测量 VO2max,因此我们试图开发、验证、比较和评估几种 ML VO2max 预测算法的可迁移性:方法:纳入巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究(Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging,BLSA)中进行了有效 VO2max 测试的参与者(n = 1080)。我们训练了最小绝对收缩和选择操作器(LASSO)、线性和树增强 xgboost、随机森林和支持向量机(SVM)算法来预测 VO2max 值。我们针对以下方面开发了这些算法(a) 整体 BLSA,(b) 按性别,(c) 使用所有 BLSA 变量,以及 (d) 老化队列中常见的变量。最后,我们量化了测量和预测 VO2max 与死亡率之间的关系:年龄为 69.0 ± 10.4 岁(平均 ± SD),测量的 VO2max 为 21.6 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min。LASSO、线性和树增强 xgboost、随机森林和 SVM 的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为 3.4 mL/kg/min、3.6 mL/kg/min、3.4 mL/kg/min、3.6 mL/kg/min 和 3.5 mL/kg/min。测量的 VO2max 的增量四分位数显示出死亡风险的反梯度。预测的 VO2max 变量产生了相似的效应估计值,但对调整并不稳健:结论:测量的 VO2max 是预测死亡率的有力指标。与更简单的方法相比,使用 ML 可以提高预测的准确性,但与死亡率相关的估计值对调整仍很敏感。未来的研究应力求再现这些结果,以便将最大氧饱和度这一重要生命体征作为促进功能恢复和健康老龄化的可调节目标进行更广泛的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting men's health through sports clubs: A systematic rapid realist review. 通过体育俱乐部促进男性健康:系统性快速现实主义审查:关于体育俱乐部如何促进男性健康的综述。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100969
Anne Timm, Aurelie van Hoye, Paul Sharp, Tue Helms Andersen, Louise Hansen, Jane Nautrup Oestergaard, Peter Krustrup, Kenneth Cortsen, Peter Bindslev Iversen, Morten Hulvej Rod, Charlotte Demant Klinker

Background: Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aims to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.

Included studies: (a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcome. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.

Results: We identified and screened 3356 studies, finally including 60 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 12 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.

Conclusion: Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs' identity, addressing masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.

背景:通过体育俱乐部开展的健康促进(HP)干预活动在男性中取得了可喜的成果,但人们对干预活动的哪些方面、对谁以及在什么情况下起作用却知之甚少。本快速现实主义综述旨在了解通过体育俱乐部对男性进行健康促进干预的背景、机制和结果:2023年2月,我们在MEDLINE、Embase和SPORTDiscus数据库中对2013年后发表的研究进行了系统性文献检索。纳入的研究:(a) 由体育俱乐部提供或与体育俱乐部合作提供;(b) 针对18岁以上的男性;(c) 报告了一项或多项HP结果。此外,还进行了灰色文献检索。根据研究的丰富性和严谨性,将研究纳入现实主义综合。此后,制定了背景-机制-结果(CMO)配置:我们确定并筛选了 3356 项研究,最终纳入了 60 项描述 22 项干预措施的研究。大多数 HP 干预措施都是在高收入国家实施的,包括 35-65 岁的白种男性超重/肥胖症患者,并利用专业体育俱乐部(主要是足球俱乐部)进行招募和提供设施。有 19 项干预措施报告了定量的 HP 结果。在这 19 项干预措施中,大多数报告了体重(18 项)、体育锻炼(12 项)、心理健康(10 项)和饮食(9 项)。我们确定了 12 项与 HP 干预如何影响男性招募、参与和健康行为维持有关的 CMO:我们的研究结果表明,利用体育俱乐部进行健康干预对吸引男性参与非常有效。通过利用体育俱乐部的特性、解决与男性相关的障碍、提高可及性和建立信任,可以促进招募。通过共享身份体验、安全空间、包容性竞争和自我效能感,提高了参与度。不过,干预后行为维持方面的证据有限,尽管社区利益相关者的参与似乎至关重要。总体而言,应考虑避免延续传统的男性规范,因为这可能会排斥一些男性并强化不健康的行为。这些发现可以为干预措施的制定提供指导,同时强调了在此过程中利用男性观点的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sport climbing performance determinants and functional testing methods: A systematic review. 运动攀岩性能的决定因素和功能测试方法:系统综述:运行标题:运动攀岩功能测试方法。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974
Sara Faggian, Nicola Borasio, Marco Vecchiato, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Burtscher, Francesca Battista, Hannes Brunner, Giulia Quinto, Federica Duregon, Andrea Ermolao, Daniel Neunhaeuserer

Background: Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes. No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation; therefore, this systematic review is aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 20, 2022. Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.

Results: 74 studies were finally included. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance. Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests. Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power; similarly, reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance. Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity, whereas balance showed low validity. Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.

Conclusion: The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power as determinants of sport climbing performance. In contrast, balance, flexibility, and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less. This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for assessing performance determinants, which includes tests that have been identified to be valid, reliable, and feasible. While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods, researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional, homogenous, and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.

背景:运动攀岩在普通人群和运动员中都变得异常流行。关于基于证据的特定运动成绩评估,目前尚无共识;因此,本系统综述旨在通过比较不同水平的攀岩者,分析运动攀岩成绩的决定因素和评估方法:方法:检索了截至 2022 年 12 月 20 日的 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science。结果:共收录了 74 项研究:结果:最终纳入了 74 项研究。人们提出了各种方法来评估运动攀岩成绩的决定因素。与一般功能测试相比,针对攀岩的评估能够区分不同水平的攀岩者。攀岩专项心肺耐力以及肌肉力量、耐力和力量的测试有效性很高;同样,除心肺耐力外,可靠性也很好。攀岩专项柔韧性评估的信度较高,但效度一般,而平衡能力的效度较低。在人体测量特征方面,发现了相当多相互矛盾的证据:本分析认为,心肺耐力以及肌肉力量、耐力和力量是运动攀岩成绩的决定因素。相比之下,平衡性、柔韧性和人体测量特征的作用似乎较小。本综述还提出了一套以证据为基础的功能性运动攀岩测试,用于评估成绩的决定因素,其中包括已被确认为有效、可靠和可行的测试。虽然运动员和教练员应依赖循证和标准化的评估方法,但研究人员可设计特定的大规模试验,作为提供额外、同质和可比数据的资源,以提高这一流行运动学科的科学依据和专业水平。
{"title":"Sport climbing performance determinants and functional testing methods: A systematic review.","authors":"Sara Faggian, Nicola Borasio, Marco Vecchiato, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Burtscher, Francesca Battista, Hannes Brunner, Giulia Quinto, Federica Duregon, Andrea Ermolao, Daniel Neunhaeuserer","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes. No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation; therefore, this systematic review is aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 20, 2022. Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>74 studies were finally included. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance. Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests. Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power; similarly, reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance. Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity, whereas balance showed low validity. Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power as determinants of sport climbing performance. In contrast, balance, flexibility, and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less. This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for assessing performance determinants, which includes tests that have been identified to be valid, reliable, and feasible. While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods, researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional, homogenous, and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100974"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. 加速计测量的 2 型糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者的体力活动、久坐行为以及大血管和微血管事件的发生率。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100973
Yannis Yan Liang, Yu He, Piao Huang, Hongliang Feng, Haiteng Li, Sizhi Ai, Jing Du, Huachen Xue, Yaping Liu, Jun Zhang, Lu Qi, Jihui Zhang

Background: Physical activity (PA) is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements. We aimed to describe the intensity-specific dose-response associations of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.

Methods: This study included 11,474 individuals with T2DM and prediabetes from the UK Biobank. PA, including total PA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), light intensity PA (LPA), and SB, were measured by accelerometers over 7 days. MVPA was categorized according to the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week), and total PA, LPA, and SB were grouped by tertiles. The outcomes were incidences of macrovascular events, microvascular events, heart failure (HF), and their combination (composite events). The events were ascertained using the ICD-10 codes on the hospital or death records.

Results: During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1680 cases were documented, including 969 macrovascular events, 839 microvascular events, and 284 incidents of HF. Accelerometer-measured PA, irrespective of intensity, was inversely associated with the risk of composite events and each outcome in the dose-response patterns. Regarding categorized PA, engagement in total PA (high vs. low) was associated with decreased risk of macrovascular events (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.93), and HF (HR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.32-0.66). Adherence to MVPA, but not LPA, above the guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week) was associated with reduced risk of macrovascular events (HR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.68-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.92), and HF (HR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.46-0.92). The minimum dose of MVPA for lowering the risk of composite events was approximately 59.0 min/week. More time spent in SB was associated with an increased risk of composite events (high vs. low, HR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.02-1.35) and HF (high vs. low, HR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.09-2.20). Replacement of 30 min of SB (HR = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.65-0.81) and LPA (HR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.66-0.83) with MVPA dramatically reduced the risk of composite events.

Conclusion: Adherence to a higher amount of accelerometer-measured PA, especially MVPA at least 59 min/week, is associated with reduced risks of macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes. Replacement of SB and LPA with MVPA helped lower the risk of diabetic vascular events.

背景:体力活动(PA)被认为有利于降低2型糖尿病(T2DM)和糖尿病前期患者的心血管风险,但现有证据主要依赖于自我报告的测量结果。我们的目的是描述T2DM和糖尿病前期患者的运动强度和久坐行为(SB)与大血管和微血管事件的剂量-反应关系:这项研究纳入了英国生物库中的 11,474 名 T2DM 和糖尿病前期患者。PA包括总PA、中等至剧烈强度PA(MVPA)、轻度强度PA(LPA)和SB,由加速度计进行7天测量。MVPA根据美国糖尿病协会指南推荐的水平(至少150分钟/周)进行分类,总PA、LPA和SB则按三级分组。研究结果为大血管事件、微血管事件、心力衰竭(HF)以及它们的组合(复合事件)的发生率。这些事件是根据医院或死亡记录上的 ICD-10 编码确定的:中位随访时间为 6.8 年,共记录了 1680 个病例,其中包括 969 个大血管事件、839 个微血管事件和 284 个心力衰竭事件。用加速度计测量的活动量,无论强度如何,都与综合事件风险和剂量-反应模式中的每种结果成反比。在分类的PA方面,参与总PA(高与低)与大血管事件(危险比(HR)=0.80;95%置信区间(95%CI):0.67-0.95)、微血管事件(HR=0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.93)和HF(HR=0.46;95%CI:0.32-0.66)风险的降低相关。坚持超过指南推荐水平(至少 150 分钟/周)的 MVPA(而非 LPA)与大血管事件(HR = 0.80;95%CI:0.68-0.95)、微血管事件(HR = 0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.92)和 HF(HR = 0.65;95%CI:0.46-0.92)风险的降低有关。降低综合事件风险的最低 MVPA 剂量约为 59.0 分钟/周。SB时间越长,发生综合事件(高与低,HR = 1.17;95%CI:1.02-1.35)和HF(高与低,HR = 1.54;95%CI:1.09-2.20)的风险越高。用 MVPA 取代 30 分钟的 SB(HR = 0.73;95%CI:0.65-0.81)和 LPA(HR = 0.74;95%CI:0.66-0.83)可显著降低复合事件的风险:结论:T2DM 和糖尿病前期患者坚持较高的加速度计测量的 PA,尤其是 MVPA 至少 59 分钟/周,与降低大血管和微血管事件风险有关。用 MVPA 取代 SB 和 LPA 有助于降低糖尿病血管事件的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Commentary on the dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates in McArdle disease: Methodological considerations and practical implications. 关于麦卡德尔病运动前碳水化合物剂量反应效应的评论:方法学考虑和实际意义:麦卡德尔病的运动前碳水化合物。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972
Jiawei Du, Jinghua Hou
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引用次数: 0
BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise. BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/鸢尾素轴对不同时间段阻力运动结果的影响
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968
Mingwei Guo, Fei Shen, Xiaozhen Guo, Jun Zhang, Ying Ma, Xia Wu, Hui Zuo, Jing Yao, Yepeng Hu, Dongmei Wang, Yu Li, Jin Li, Jin Qiu, Jian Yu, Meiyao Meng, Ying Zheng, Xin Chen, Mingkai Gong, Kailin Liu, Ling Jin, Xiangyu Ren, Qiang Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xuejiang Gu, Feixia Shen, Dali Li, Liangcai Gao, Chang Liu, Fei Zhou, Mian Li, Jiqiu Wang, Shuzhe Ding, Xinran Ma, Jian Lu, Cen Xie, Junjie Xiao, Lingyan Xu

Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.

Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.

Results: In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle.

Conclusion: Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.

背景:阻力运动可改善肌肉功能和代谢平衡。方法:对人类志愿者进行为期 4 周、每天不同时间段的阻力训练,以评估训练效果及其与肌动素鸢尾素的关系。根据纤连蛋白Ⅲ型含域5(FNDC5/irisin)的节律性,我们在活动后期(FNDC5/irisin水平高)或休息后期(FNDC5/irisin水平低)对野生型小鼠和FNDC5基因敲除小鼠进行训练,以分析运动对肌肉功能和代谢平衡的益处。我们还进行了分子分析,以了解骨骼肌中FNDC5节律性和下游信号转导的调控机制:在这项研究中,我们发现在一天中的不同时间进行有规律的阻力运动会对人体产生不同的训练结果,包括运动益处和血浆代谢组学的改变。我们发现肌肉中的 FNDC5/irisin 水平具有节律性。与人类数据一致的是,在高脂饮食条件下,与休息晚期(低鸢尾素水平)相比,在活动晚期(高鸢尾素水平)接受长期训练的小鼠获得了更多的肌肉能力,同时改善了代谢健康和代谢组学/脂质组学特征,而这些差异在FNDC5基因敲除小鼠中消失了。从机制上讲,碱性螺旋环-螺旋ARNT样1(BMAL1)和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ辅激活剂1α4(PGC1α4)诱导FNDC5/鸢尾素的转录和节律性,信号传导通过肌肉中的αV整合素进行:总之,我们的研究结果提供了新的见解,即在一天中不同时间进行的运动通过 BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin 轴的节律调节决定了训练结果和代谢益处。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis. 运动量和运动强度与女性和男性预期寿命模型之间的相互作用:前瞻性队列分析
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970
Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V Rowlands, Paddy C Dempsey, Cameron Razieh, Joe Henson, Jonathan Goldney, Benjamin D Maylor, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Yogini Chudasama, Charlotte Edwardson, Jari A Laukkanen, Ulf Ekelund, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates

Background: There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.

Methods: Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.

Results: 40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4-4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6-5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0-1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9-3.1) years in inactive men.

Conclusion: Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.

背景缺乏对客观测量的运动量和运动强度与预期寿命之间相互作用的研究:方法:纳入英国生物库中有腕戴加速度计数据的个人。提取平均加速度和强度梯度来描述体力活动量和强度概况。死亡率数据来自国家登记处。采用参数灵活生存模型估算调整后的预期寿命:共纳入 40953 名(57.1%)女性(中位年龄 = 61.9 岁)和 30820 名(42.9%)男性(63.1 岁)。在 6.9 年的中位随访期间,共有 1719 人(2.4%)死亡(女性 733 人;男性 986 人)。在 60 岁时,运动量和运动强度越大,预期寿命越长,在运动量和运动强度均达到第 90 百分位数时,女性的预期寿命为 95.6 岁,男性为 94.5 岁,与第 10 百分位数相比,女性的预期寿命增加了 3.4 岁(95% 置信区间:2.4-4.4),男性的预期寿命增加了 4.6 岁(95% 置信区间:3.6-5.6)。每天多进行 10 分钟或 30 分钟的快走与不运动女性的预期寿命分别延长 0.9 年(95%CI:0.5-1.3 年)和 1.4 年(95%CI:0.9-1.9 年)有关;与不运动男性的预期寿命分别延长 1.4 年(95%CI:1.0-1.8 年)和 2.5 年(95%CI:1.9-3.1 年)有关:结论:运动量越大,预期寿命越长,运动强度越大,预期寿命越长。在日常活动模式中增加短短 10 分钟的快步走,就能显著延长预期寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Occupational physical activity, all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in 349,248 adults: Prospective and longitudinal analyses of the MJ Cohort. 349 248 名成年人的职业体育活动、全因、心血管疾病和癌症死亡率:MJ 队列的前瞻性和纵向分析。
IF 11.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002
Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N Ahmadi, Tiana-Lee Elphick, Bo-Huei Huang, Susan Paudel, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Li-Jung Chen, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Yun-Ju Lai, Andreas Holtermann, Po-Wen Ku

Background: Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.

Methods: This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.3 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD) apart. Exposures were baseline OPA, OPA changes, and baseline leisure-time physical activity.

Results: Over a mean mortality follow-up of 16.2 ± 5.5 years for men and 16.4 ± 5.4 years for women, 11,696 deaths (2033 of CVD and 4631 of cancer causes) in men and 8980 deaths (1475 of CVD and 3689 of cancer causes) in women occurred. Combined moderately heavy/heavy baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.89-0.98 compared to light OPA) and women (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79-0.93). Over a mean mortality follow-up of 12.5 ± 4.6 years for men and 12.6 ± 4.6 years for women, OPA decreases in men were detrimentally associated (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01-1.33) with all-cause mortality, while OPA increases in women were beneficially (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) associated with the same outcome. Baseline or changes in OPA showed no associations with CVD or cancer mortality.

Conclusion: Higher baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality risk in both men and women. Our longitudinal OPA analyses partly confirmed the prospective findings, with some discordance between sex groups.

背景:职业体力活动(OPA)对健康的益处尚无定论。我们研究了基线 OPA 和 OPA 变化与全因、心血管疾病(CVD)和癌症死亡率及存活时间的关系:这项研究包括来自 MJ 队列的前瞻性纵向数据,该队列由 1998-2016 年招募的 18 岁以上成年人组成。349,248名成年人(177,314名女性)有基线OPA,其中105,715名成年人(52,503名女性)在6.3 ± 4.2(平均值 ± 标度)年进行了2次OPA测量。暴露因素包括基线 OPA、OPA 变化和基线闲暇时间体力活动(LTPA):在平均死亡率随访 16.2 ± 5.5 年(男性为 16.4 ± 5.4 年,女性为 16.2 ± 5.5 年)期间,男性死亡人数为 11696 人(2033 人死于心血管疾病,4631 人死于癌症),女性死亡人数为 8980 人(1475 人死于心血管疾病,3689 人死于癌症)。与轻度 OPA 相比,中重度/重度基线 OPA 与男性(多变量调整后的危险比 (HR) = 0.93,95% 置信区间 (95%CI):0.89-0.98)和女性(HR = 0.86,95%CI:0.79-0.93)的全因死亡率呈正相关。在男性平均死亡率随访 12.5 ± 4.6 年和女性平均死亡率随访 12.6 ± 4.6 年期间,男性 OPA 下降与全因死亡率呈负相关(HR = 1.16,95%CI:1.01-1.33),而女性 OPA 上升与全因死亡率呈正相关(HR = 0.83,95%CI:0.70-0.97)。OPA的基线或变化与心血管疾病或癌症死亡率没有关联:结论:在男性和女性中,较高的基线 OPA 与全因死亡风险有益相关。我们的纵向OPA分析部分证实了前瞻性研究结果,但性别组之间存在一些不一致。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sport and Health Science
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