Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100975
Montgomery Bertschy, Victor Rodrigo-Carranza, Ethan W C Wilkie, Laura A Healey, Jeremy Noble, Wayne J Albert, Wouter Hoogkamer
Background: Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology (AFT) track shoes (i.e., "spikes") in middle-distance events is challenging, because repeated maximal effort trials (as in sprinting) or aerobic running economy trials (as in long-distance running) are not feasible.
Methods: We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes, consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery, and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and utility.
Results: In Experiment 1, participants ran 1.2% slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs. control spikes, which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance. In Experiment 2, participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs. traditional spikes. In Experiment 3, we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days. Group-level results were consistent across days, but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses. In Experiment 4, participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs. traditional spikes (2.1% and 1.6%). Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes. These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models (2.3% and 1.9%), while step length was similar between the other spikes.
Conclusion: Our novel, interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.
{"title":"Self-perceived middle-distance race pace is faster in advanced footwear technology spikes.","authors":"Montgomery Bertschy, Victor Rodrigo-Carranza, Ethan W C Wilkie, Laura A Healey, Jeremy Noble, Wayne J Albert, Wouter Hoogkamer","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology (AFT) track shoes (i.e., \"spikes\") in middle-distance events is challenging, because repeated maximal effort trials (as in sprinting) or aerobic running economy trials (as in long-distance running) are not feasible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes, consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery, and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Experiment 1, participants ran 1.2% slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs. control spikes, which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance. In Experiment 2, participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs. traditional spikes. In Experiment 3, we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days. Group-level results were consistent across days, but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses. In Experiment 4, participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs. traditional spikes (2.1% and 1.6%). Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes. These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models (2.3% and 1.9%), while step length was similar between the other spikes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our novel, interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100975"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.011
Abel Plaza-Florido, Alejandro Lucia, Shlomit Radom-Aizik
{"title":"Advancing pediatric exercise research: A focus on immunomics and cutting-edge technologies.","authors":"Abel Plaza-Florido, Alejandro Lucia, Shlomit Radom-Aizik","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"679-681"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.004
Benjamin T Schumacher, Michael J LaMonte, Andrea Z LaCroix, Eleanor M Simonsick, Steven P Hooker, Humberto Parada, John Bellettiere, Arun Kumar
Background: There exist few maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) non-exercise-based prediction equations, fewer using machine learning (ML), and none specifically for older adults. Since direct measurement of VO2max is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies, we sought to develop, validate, compare, and assess the transportability of several ML VO2max prediction algorithms.
Methods: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants with valid VO2max tests were included (n = 1080). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were trained to predict VO2max values. We developed these algorithms for: (a) the overall BLSA, (b) by sex, (c) using all BLSA variables, and (d) variables common in aging cohorts. Finally, we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO2max and mortality.
Results: The age was 69.0 ± 10.4 years (mean ± SD) and the measured VO2max was 21.6 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, and 3.5 mL/kg/min, respectively. Incremental quartiles of measured VO2max showed an inverse gradient in mortality risk. Predicted VO2max variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to adjustment.
Conclusion: Measured VO2max is a strong predictor of mortality. Using ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to adjustment. Future studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO2max, an important vital sign, can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.
{"title":"Development, validation, and transportability of several machine-learned, non-exercise-based VO<sub>2max</sub> prediction models for older adults.","authors":"Benjamin T Schumacher, Michael J LaMonte, Andrea Z LaCroix, Eleanor M Simonsick, Steven P Hooker, Humberto Parada, John Bellettiere, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There exist few maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>) non-exercise-based prediction equations, fewer using machine learning (ML), and none specifically for older adults. Since direct measurement of VO<sub>2max</sub> is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies, we sought to develop, validate, compare, and assess the transportability of several ML VO<sub>2max</sub> prediction algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants with valid VO<sub>2max</sub> tests were included (n = 1080). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were trained to predict VO<sub>2max</sub> values. We developed these algorithms for: (a) the overall BLSA, (b) by sex, (c) using all BLSA variables, and (d) variables common in aging cohorts. Finally, we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO<sub>2max</sub> and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age was 69.0 ± 10.4 years (mean ± SD) and the measured VO<sub>2max</sub> was 21.6 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, linear- and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, 3.4 mL/kg/min, 3.6 mL/kg/min, and 3.5 mL/kg/min, respectively. Incremental quartiles of measured VO<sub>2max</sub> showed an inverse gradient in mortality risk. Predicted VO<sub>2max</sub> variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Measured VO<sub>2max</sub> is a strong predictor of mortality. Using ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to adjustment. Future studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO<sub>2max</sub>, an important vital sign, can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"611-620"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100969
Anne Timm, Aurelie van Hoye, Paul Sharp, Tue Helms Andersen, Louise Hansen, Jane Nautrup Oestergaard, Peter Krustrup, Kenneth Cortsen, Peter Bindslev Iversen, Morten Hulvej Rod, Charlotte Demant Klinker
Background: Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aims to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.
Included studies: (a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcome. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.
Results: We identified and screened 3356 studies, finally including 60 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 12 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.
Conclusion: Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs' identity, addressing masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
背景:通过体育俱乐部开展的健康促进(HP)干预活动在男性中取得了可喜的成果,但人们对干预活动的哪些方面、对谁以及在什么情况下起作用却知之甚少。本快速现实主义综述旨在了解通过体育俱乐部对男性进行健康促进干预的背景、机制和结果:2023年2月,我们在MEDLINE、Embase和SPORTDiscus数据库中对2013年后发表的研究进行了系统性文献检索。纳入的研究:(a) 由体育俱乐部提供或与体育俱乐部合作提供;(b) 针对18岁以上的男性;(c) 报告了一项或多项HP结果。此外,还进行了灰色文献检索。根据研究的丰富性和严谨性,将研究纳入现实主义综合。此后,制定了背景-机制-结果(CMO)配置:我们确定并筛选了 3356 项研究,最终纳入了 60 项描述 22 项干预措施的研究。大多数 HP 干预措施都是在高收入国家实施的,包括 35-65 岁的白种男性超重/肥胖症患者,并利用专业体育俱乐部(主要是足球俱乐部)进行招募和提供设施。有 19 项干预措施报告了定量的 HP 结果。在这 19 项干预措施中,大多数报告了体重(18 项)、体育锻炼(12 项)、心理健康(10 项)和饮食(9 项)。我们确定了 12 项与 HP 干预如何影响男性招募、参与和健康行为维持有关的 CMO:我们的研究结果表明,利用体育俱乐部进行健康干预对吸引男性参与非常有效。通过利用体育俱乐部的特性、解决与男性相关的障碍、提高可及性和建立信任,可以促进招募。通过共享身份体验、安全空间、包容性竞争和自我效能感,提高了参与度。不过,干预后行为维持方面的证据有限,尽管社区利益相关者的参与似乎至关重要。总体而言,应考虑避免延续传统的男性规范,因为这可能会排斥一些男性并强化不健康的行为。这些发现可以为干预措施的制定提供指导,同时强调了在此过程中利用男性观点的必要性。
{"title":"Promoting men's health through sports clubs: A systematic rapid realist review.","authors":"Anne Timm, Aurelie van Hoye, Paul Sharp, Tue Helms Andersen, Louise Hansen, Jane Nautrup Oestergaard, Peter Krustrup, Kenneth Cortsen, Peter Bindslev Iversen, Morten Hulvej Rod, Charlotte Demant Klinker","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aims to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.</p><p><strong>Included studies: </strong>(a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcome. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified and screened 3356 studies, finally including 60 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 12 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs' identity, addressing masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100969"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974
Sara Faggian, Nicola Borasio, Marco Vecchiato, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Burtscher, Francesca Battista, Hannes Brunner, Giulia Quinto, Federica Duregon, Andrea Ermolao, Daniel Neunhaeuserer
Background: Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes. No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation; therefore, this systematic review is aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 20, 2022. Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.
Results: 74 studies were finally included. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance. Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests. Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power; similarly, reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance. Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity, whereas balance showed low validity. Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.
Conclusion: The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power as determinants of sport climbing performance. In contrast, balance, flexibility, and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less. This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for assessing performance determinants, which includes tests that have been identified to be valid, reliable, and feasible. While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods, researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional, homogenous, and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.
背景:运动攀岩在普通人群和运动员中都变得异常流行。关于基于证据的特定运动成绩评估,目前尚无共识;因此,本系统综述旨在通过比较不同水平的攀岩者,分析运动攀岩成绩的决定因素和评估方法:方法:检索了截至 2022 年 12 月 20 日的 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science。结果:共收录了 74 项研究:结果:最终纳入了 74 项研究。人们提出了各种方法来评估运动攀岩成绩的决定因素。与一般功能测试相比,针对攀岩的评估能够区分不同水平的攀岩者。攀岩专项心肺耐力以及肌肉力量、耐力和力量的测试有效性很高;同样,除心肺耐力外,可靠性也很好。攀岩专项柔韧性评估的信度较高,但效度一般,而平衡能力的效度较低。在人体测量特征方面,发现了相当多相互矛盾的证据:本分析认为,心肺耐力以及肌肉力量、耐力和力量是运动攀岩成绩的决定因素。相比之下,平衡性、柔韧性和人体测量特征的作用似乎较小。本综述还提出了一套以证据为基础的功能性运动攀岩测试,用于评估成绩的决定因素,其中包括已被确认为有效、可靠和可行的测试。虽然运动员和教练员应依赖循证和标准化的评估方法,但研究人员可设计特定的大规模试验,作为提供额外、同质和可比数据的资源,以提高这一流行运动学科的科学依据和专业水平。
{"title":"Sport climbing performance determinants and functional testing methods: A systematic review.","authors":"Sara Faggian, Nicola Borasio, Marco Vecchiato, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Burtscher, Francesca Battista, Hannes Brunner, Giulia Quinto, Federica Duregon, Andrea Ermolao, Daniel Neunhaeuserer","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes. No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation; therefore, this systematic review is aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 20, 2022. Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>74 studies were finally included. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance. Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests. Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power; similarly, reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance. Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity, whereas balance showed low validity. Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength, -endurance, and -power as determinants of sport climbing performance. In contrast, balance, flexibility, and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less. This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for assessing performance determinants, which includes tests that have been identified to be valid, reliable, and feasible. While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods, researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional, homogenous, and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100974"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100973
Yannis Yan Liang, Yu He, Piao Huang, Hongliang Feng, Haiteng Li, Sizhi Ai, Jing Du, Huachen Xue, Yaping Liu, Jun Zhang, Lu Qi, Jihui Zhang
Background: Physical activity (PA) is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements. We aimed to describe the intensity-specific dose-response associations of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.
Methods: This study included 11,474 individuals with T2DM and prediabetes from the UK Biobank. PA, including total PA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), light intensity PA (LPA), and SB, were measured by accelerometers over 7 days. MVPA was categorized according to the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week), and total PA, LPA, and SB were grouped by tertiles. The outcomes were incidences of macrovascular events, microvascular events, heart failure (HF), and their combination (composite events). The events were ascertained using the ICD-10 codes on the hospital or death records.
Results: During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1680 cases were documented, including 969 macrovascular events, 839 microvascular events, and 284 incidents of HF. Accelerometer-measured PA, irrespective of intensity, was inversely associated with the risk of composite events and each outcome in the dose-response patterns. Regarding categorized PA, engagement in total PA (high vs. low) was associated with decreased risk of macrovascular events (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.93), and HF (HR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.32-0.66). Adherence to MVPA, but not LPA, above the guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week) was associated with reduced risk of macrovascular events (HR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.68-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.92), and HF (HR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.46-0.92). The minimum dose of MVPA for lowering the risk of composite events was approximately 59.0 min/week. More time spent in SB was associated with an increased risk of composite events (high vs. low, HR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.02-1.35) and HF (high vs. low, HR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.09-2.20). Replacement of 30 min of SB (HR = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.65-0.81) and LPA (HR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.66-0.83) with MVPA dramatically reduced the risk of composite events.
Conclusion: Adherence to a higher amount of accelerometer-measured PA, especially MVPA at least 59 min/week, is associated with reduced risks of macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes. Replacement of SB and LPA with MVPA helped lower the risk of diabetic vascular events.
{"title":"Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.","authors":"Yannis Yan Liang, Yu He, Piao Huang, Hongliang Feng, Haiteng Li, Sizhi Ai, Jing Du, Huachen Xue, Yaping Liu, Jun Zhang, Lu Qi, Jihui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity (PA) is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements. We aimed to describe the intensity-specific dose-response associations of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 11,474 individuals with T2DM and prediabetes from the UK Biobank. PA, including total PA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), light intensity PA (LPA), and SB, were measured by accelerometers over 7 days. MVPA was categorized according to the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week), and total PA, LPA, and SB were grouped by tertiles. The outcomes were incidences of macrovascular events, microvascular events, heart failure (HF), and their combination (composite events). The events were ascertained using the ICD-10 codes on the hospital or death records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1680 cases were documented, including 969 macrovascular events, 839 microvascular events, and 284 incidents of HF. Accelerometer-measured PA, irrespective of intensity, was inversely associated with the risk of composite events and each outcome in the dose-response patterns. Regarding categorized PA, engagement in total PA (high vs. low) was associated with decreased risk of macrovascular events (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.93), and HF (HR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.32-0.66). Adherence to MVPA, but not LPA, above the guideline-recommended level (at least 150 min/week) was associated with reduced risk of macrovascular events (HR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.68-0.95), microvascular events (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.92), and HF (HR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.46-0.92). The minimum dose of MVPA for lowering the risk of composite events was approximately 59.0 min/week. More time spent in SB was associated with an increased risk of composite events (high vs. low, HR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.02-1.35) and HF (high vs. low, HR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.09-2.20). Replacement of 30 min of SB (HR = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.65-0.81) and LPA (HR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.66-0.83) with MVPA dramatically reduced the risk of composite events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to a higher amount of accelerometer-measured PA, especially MVPA at least 59 min/week, is associated with reduced risks of macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes. Replacement of SB and LPA with MVPA helped lower the risk of diabetic vascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100973"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972
Jiawei Du, Jinghua Hou
{"title":"Commentary on the dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates in McArdle disease: Methodological considerations and practical implications.","authors":"Jiawei Du, Jinghua Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100972"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.
Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.
Results: In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle.
Conclusion: Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
{"title":"BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise.","authors":"Mingwei Guo, Fei Shen, Xiaozhen Guo, Jun Zhang, Ying Ma, Xia Wu, Hui Zuo, Jing Yao, Yepeng Hu, Dongmei Wang, Yu Li, Jin Li, Jin Qiu, Jian Yu, Meiyao Meng, Ying Zheng, Xin Chen, Mingkai Gong, Kailin Liu, Ling Jin, Xiangyu Ren, Qiang Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xuejiang Gu, Feixia Shen, Dali Li, Liangcai Gao, Chang Liu, Fei Zhou, Mian Li, Jiqiu Wang, Shuzhe Ding, Xinran Ma, Jian Lu, Cen Xie, Junjie Xiao, Lingyan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100968"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970
Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V Rowlands, Paddy C Dempsey, Cameron Razieh, Joe Henson, Jonathan Goldney, Benjamin D Maylor, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Yogini Chudasama, Charlotte Edwardson, Jari A Laukkanen, Ulf Ekelund, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates
Background: There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.
Methods: Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.
Results: 40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4-4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6-5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0-1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9-3.1) years in inactive men.
Conclusion: Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.
{"title":"Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V Rowlands, Paddy C Dempsey, Cameron Razieh, Joe Henson, Jonathan Goldney, Benjamin D Maylor, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Yogini Chudasama, Charlotte Edwardson, Jari A Laukkanen, Ulf Ekelund, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4-4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6-5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0-1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9-3.1) years in inactive men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"100970"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002
Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N Ahmadi, Tiana-Lee Elphick, Bo-Huei Huang, Susan Paudel, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Li-Jung Chen, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Yun-Ju Lai, Andreas Holtermann, Po-Wen Ku
Background: Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.
Methods: This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.3 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD) apart. Exposures were baseline OPA, OPA changes, and baseline leisure-time physical activity.
Results: Over a mean mortality follow-up of 16.2 ± 5.5 years for men and 16.4 ± 5.4 years for women, 11,696 deaths (2033 of CVD and 4631 of cancer causes) in men and 8980 deaths (1475 of CVD and 3689 of cancer causes) in women occurred. Combined moderately heavy/heavy baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.89-0.98 compared to light OPA) and women (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79-0.93). Over a mean mortality follow-up of 12.5 ± 4.6 years for men and 12.6 ± 4.6 years for women, OPA decreases in men were detrimentally associated (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01-1.33) with all-cause mortality, while OPA increases in women were beneficially (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) associated with the same outcome. Baseline or changes in OPA showed no associations with CVD or cancer mortality.
Conclusion: Higher baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality risk in both men and women. Our longitudinal OPA analyses partly confirmed the prospective findings, with some discordance between sex groups.
{"title":"Occupational physical activity, all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in 349,248 adults: Prospective and longitudinal analyses of the MJ Cohort.","authors":"Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N Ahmadi, Tiana-Lee Elphick, Bo-Huei Huang, Susan Paudel, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Li-Jung Chen, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Yun-Ju Lai, Andreas Holtermann, Po-Wen Ku","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.3 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD) apart. Exposures were baseline OPA, OPA changes, and baseline leisure-time physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a mean mortality follow-up of 16.2 ± 5.5 years for men and 16.4 ± 5.4 years for women, 11,696 deaths (2033 of CVD and 4631 of cancer causes) in men and 8980 deaths (1475 of CVD and 3689 of cancer causes) in women occurred. Combined moderately heavy/heavy baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.89-0.98 compared to light OPA) and women (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79-0.93). Over a mean mortality follow-up of 12.5 ± 4.6 years for men and 12.6 ± 4.6 years for women, OPA decreases in men were detrimentally associated (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01-1.33) with all-cause mortality, while OPA increases in women were beneficially (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) associated with the same outcome. Baseline or changes in OPA showed no associations with CVD or cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher baseline OPA was beneficially associated with all-cause mortality risk in both men and women. Our longitudinal OPA analyses partly confirmed the prospective findings, with some discordance between sex groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"579-589"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}