Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

Background: Preparticipation examinations (PPEs) are unstandardized screening tools routinely used to collect an athlete's baseline health information prior to the start of a new competitive season. However, many PPEs include minimal and often nonspecific questions related to the health concerns of female athletes. A lack of female athlete specific health questions could result in missed red flags and subsequent injury or illness. As such, the objectives of this scoping review were to (a) determine what female athlete specific health questions currently exist in PPEs in the scientific literature to prevent injury and illness, and (b) map the results against the health domains outlined in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement supplement on the female athlete.

Methods: We searched Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline Ovid, and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2022. Any study with female athlete specific health PPE questions or recommendations for questions (i.e., menstrual health, eating habits, musculoskeletal health, etc.) was included. Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by full text articles for eligibility and data extraction, with conflicts resolved by a third-party reviewer. Extracted data were summarized into 3 determined groupings.

Results: Of the 1356 studies screened, 41 were included in this study. Forty studies (98%) included questions/recommendations related to menstrual health. Thirty-one studies (76%) had questions/recommendations concerning disordered eating/eating habits. Twenty-four studies (59%) referred to body weight/image, and 16 studies (39%) referred to musculoskeletal health. No studies included questions on all IOC female athlete health domains.

Conclusion: There is currently a gap in female athlete specific health content included in PPEs. A more comprehensive, standardized PPE with a focus on inclusion of female athlete specific health questions and considerations should be developed to improve health and optimal participation of female athletes around the world.

Background: Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA. We aimed to: (a) improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity; (b) inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.

Methods: 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. Average acceleration and intensity gradient were derived as proxies for PA volume and intensity. We generated sex-specific centile curves using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) and modeled the effect of adding moderate (walking) or vigorous (running) activity on the combined change in the volume and intensity centiles (change in PA profile).

Results: In men, volume was lower as age increased while intensity was lower after age 55; in women, both volume and intensity were lower as age increased. Adding 150 min of moderate PA weekly (5 × 30 min walking) increased the PA profile by 4 percentage points. Defining moderate PA as brisk walking approximately doubled the increase (9 percentage points) while 75 min of vigorous PA weekly (5 × 15 min running) trebled the increase (13 percentage points).

Conclusion: These UK Biobank reference centiles provide a benchmark for interpretation of accelerometer data. Application of our translational methods demonstrate that meeting PA guidelines through shorter duration vigorous activity is more beneficial to the PA profile (volume and intensity) than longer duration moderate activity.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peak tibial acceleration and peak ankle joint contact forces in response to stride length manipulation during level-ground running.

Methods: Twenty-seven physically active participants ran 10 trials at preferred speed in each of 5 stride length conditions: preferred, ±5 %, and ±10 % of preferred stride length. Motion capture, force platform, and tibial acceleration data were directly measured, and ankle joint contact forces were estimated using an inverse-dynamics-based static optimization routine.

Results: In general, peak axial tibial accelerations (p < 0.001) as well as axial (p < 0.001) and resultant (p < 0.001) ankle joint contact forces increased with stride length. When averaged within the 10 strides of each stride condition, moderate positive correlations were observed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.49) as well as peak resultant acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.51). However, 37% of participants illustrated either no relationship or negative correlations. Only weak correlations across participants existed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.12) as well as peak resultant acceleration and ankle joint contact force (r = 0.18) when examined on a step-by-step basis.

Conclusion: These results suggest that tibial acceleration should not be used as a surrogate for ankle joint contact force on a step-by-step basis in response to stride length manipulations during level-ground running. A 10-step averaged tibial acceleration metric may be useful for some runners, but an initial laboratory assessment would be required to identify these individuals.