Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

Background: Integrating metabolomics in sports science provides valuable insights into the biochemistry of bodies during physical activity. However, due to their invasiveness, traditional blood sampling methods present challenges in sports settings. The study investigated sex-specific metabolic responses, addressing a significant gap in exercise research, where female participation remains underrepresented.

Methods: To address this, we explored volumetrically accurate microsampling as a dried blood spot (DBS) technique for assessing metabolomic changes in response to acute exercise in more than 130 participants. This study employed a targeted quantitative approach using isotopically labeled internal standards to measure over 100 metabolites with DBS, providing accurate and traceable results. An accuracy assessment using standard reference material and stability testing over 90 days further evaluated the suitability of DBS for sports metabolomics.

Results: Our findings confirm that DBS offers a valid approach to capture metabolic changes during exercise, with 11 compounds within the confidence interval of the reference material and 59 compounds overlapping with database values. A wide panel of metabolites showed significant changes in differences of absolute concentrations upon bout exercise, with succinate and xanthine being the most significant compounds. Metabolites from the underexplored class of pyrimidines also showed significant changes.

Conclusion: While metabolic regulations upon exercise are similar in both sexes, differences in the correlation with fitness-related metadata, such as peak volitional oxygen consumption and performance, indicate a higher complexity in women and a limitation of previous knowledge to men only. The quantification approach together with the simplicity of the sampling paves the way to expand this type of research toward other fields of personalized medical services.

Background: Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.

Included studies: (a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcomes. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.

Results: We identified and screened 3358 studies, finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.

Conclusion: Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs' identity, addressing masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.

Background: Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks, the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health. Exercise is known to modulate these clocks, potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs. evening moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose regulation and energy metabolism in healthy men and women. It also aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms within skeletal muscle.

Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, healthy men (n = 18) and women (n = 17) performed a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning and evening. Glucose regulation was continuously monitored starting 24 h prior to the exercise day and continuing until 48 h post-exercise for each experimental condition. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry during exercise and at rest before and after exercise for 30 min. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected immediately before and after exercise to assess mitochondrial function, transcriptome, and mitochondrial proteome.

Results: Results indicated similar systemic glucose, energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation during and after exercise in both sexes. Notably, transcriptional analysis, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial proteomics revealed marked sexual dimorphism and time of day variations.

Conclusion: The sexual dimorphism and time of day variations observed in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may translate into observable systemic effects with higher exercise-intensity or chronic exercise interventions. This study provides a foundational molecular framework for precise exercise prescription in the clinical setting.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peak tibial acceleration and peak ankle joint contact forces in response to stride length manipulation during level-ground running.

Methods: Twenty-seven physically active participants ran 10 trials at preferred speed in each of 5 stride length conditions: preferred, ±5%, and ±10% of preferred stride length. Motion capture, force platform, and tibial acceleration data were directly measured, and ankle joint contact forces were estimated using an inverse-dynamics-based static optimization routine.

Results: In general, peak axial tibial accelerations (p < 0.001) as well as axial (p < 0.001) and resultant (p < 0.001) ankle joint contact forces increased with stride length. When averaged within the 10 strides of each stride condition, moderate positive correlations were observed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.49) as well as peak resultant acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.51). However, 37% of participants illustrated either no relationship or negative correlations. Only weak correlations across participants existed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force (r = 0.12) as well as peak resultant acceleration and ankle joint contact force (r = 0.18) when examined on a step-by-step basis.

Conclusion: These results suggest that tibial acceleration should not be used as a surrogate for ankle joint contact force on a step-by-step basis in response to stride length manipulations during level-ground running. A 10-step averaged tibial acceleration metric may be useful for some runners, but an initial laboratory assessment would be required to identify these individuals.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the linkage between gut microbiome taxa and exercise-induced inflammation.

Methods: Twenty-five cyclists provided 4 stool samples during a 10-week period and cycled vigorously for 2.25 h at 67% maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) in a laboratory setting. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise, with additional samples collected at 1.5-h, 3-h, and 24-h post exercise. Primary outcomes included stool microbiome composition and alpha diversity via whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing (averaged from 4 stool samples) and a targeted panel of 75 plasma oxylipins. A total of 5719 taxa were identified, and the 339 that were present in more than 20% of stool samples were used in the analysis. Alpha diversity was calculated by evenness, and the Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes (ANCOM) differential abundance analysis was performed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology-2 (QIIME2). A composite variable was calculated from 8 pro-inflammatory oxylipins generated from arachidonic acid (ARA) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP).

Results: ARA-CYP oxylipins were significantly elevated for at least 3-h post-exercise (p < 0.001); they were strongly and positively related to Prevotella copri (P. copri) abundance (R² = 0.676, p < 0.001) and negatively related to gut microbiome alpha diversity (R² = 0.771, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This analysis revealed for the first time a novel, positive relationship between gut microbiome P. copri abundance in cyclists and post-exercise pro-inflammatory oxylipins. These data demonstrate that about two-thirds of the wide variance in inflammation following prolonged and intensive exercise is largely explained by the abundance of a single gut bacterial species: P. copri.