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Does ischemic preconditioning enhance sports performance more than placebo or no intervention? A systematic review with meta-analysis. 缺血预处理比安慰剂或无干预更能提高运动成绩吗?系统回顾与荟萃分析。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101010
Hiago L R Souza, Géssyca T Oliveira, Anderson Meireles, Marcelo P Dos Santos, João G Vieira, Rhai A Arriel, Stephen D Patterson, Moacir Marocolo

Background: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance, although findings are inconsistent, with some studies reporting placebo effects. The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition, but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation, thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects. Therefore, the aims of this study wereto assess the impact of the IPC intervention, compared to both placebo and no intervention, on exercise capacity and athletic performance.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted. To qualify for inclusion, studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention, comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions. Outcomes of interest were performance (force, number of repetitions, power, time to exhaustion, and time trial performance), physiological measurements (maximum oxygen consumption, and heart rate), or perceptual measurements (RPE). For each outcome measure, we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses (IPC vs. placebo, IPC vs. control, placebo vs. control) using an inverse-variance random-effects model. The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference (SMD), accompanied by their respective 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, we employed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.

Results: Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Overall, IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition (using a low-pressure tourniquet), irrespective of the subjects'training level (all outcomes presenting p > 0.05), except for the outcome of time to exhaustion, which exhibits a small magnitude effect (SMD = 0.37; p = 0.002). Additionally, the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition (outcome: number of repetitions; SMD=0.45; p = 0.03), suggesting a potential influence of participants' cognitive perception on the outcomes. However, the evidence is of moderate to low certainty, regardless of the comparison or outcome.

Conclusion: IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention, but it did not surpass the placebo condition. Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject, and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.

背景:缺血预处理(IPC)据称对运动成绩有好处,但研究结果并不一致,有些研究还报告了安慰剂效应。大多数研究都是在使用安慰剂的条件下对缺血预处理进行研究,但没有使用没有实验操作的对照条件,从而限制了对缺血预处理效果的准确判断。因此,本研究的目的是评估IPC干预与安慰剂干预和无干预相比对运动能力和运动表现的影响:方法:对 PubMed、Embase、SPORTDiscus、Cochrane 图书馆以及拉丁美洲和加勒比海健康科学文献 (LILACS) 进行了系统检索,涵盖了从开始到 2023 年 7 月的记录。要符合纳入条件,研究必须将IPC作为一种急性干预措施,并与安慰剂和/或对照条件进行比较。研究结果包括运动表现(力量、重复次数、功率、力竭时间和计时赛成绩)、生理测量(最大耗氧量和心率)或感知测量(RPE)。对于每种结果测量,我们使用逆方差随机效应模型进行了 3 次独立的荟萃分析(IPC vs. 安慰剂、IPC vs. 对照组、安慰剂 vs. 对照组)。治疗间效应通过标准化平均差 (SMD) 及其各自的 95% 置信区间进行量化。此外,我们还采用了建议、评估、发展和评价分级法(GRADE)来评估证据的确定性:定量分析共纳入 79 项研究。总体而言,无论受试者的训练水平如何,IPC 的效果都与安慰剂条件(使用低压止血带)相当(所有结果均显示 p > 0.05),只有力竭时间这一结果显示出较小程度的影响(SMD = 0.37;p = 0.002)。此外,安慰剂的效果明显大于对照组(结果:重复次数;SMD=0.45;P=0.03),这表明参与者的认知感知对结果有潜在影响。然而,无论对比或结果如何,证据的确定性均为中低:结论:与对照干预相比,IPC具有明显的效果,但并没有超过安慰剂条件。IPC作为一种提高运动能力和运动表现的生动策略,其效果仍然值得怀疑。
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引用次数: 0
Iron deficiency, supplementation, and sports performance in female athletes: A systematic review. 女性运动员的铁缺乏症、补充剂和运动表现:系统综述。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101009
Michael Pengelly, Kate Pumpa, David Bruce Pyne, Naroa Etxebarria

Background: Iron facilitates key biological functions underpinning sports performance, and up to 60% of female athletes experience iron deficiency. However, the effects of iron deficiency on sports performance in female athletes is unclear, as are the degree of benefits of iron supplementation (FeSup). This study characterizes the effects of iron deficiency and FeSup on sports performance in high-level female athletes.

Methods: Searches of the electronic databases Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were performed in July 2023. Studies were included that evaluated the effects of iron deficiency or FeSup on sports performance in high-level (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) > 45 mL/kg/min, or trained > 5 h/week) iron deficient (ID) (serum ferritin (sFer) < 40 µg/L) female athletes. Studies were assessed using a modified Downs and Black Quality Assessment Checklist.

Results: A total of 23 studies comprising 669 athletes (age range: 13-47 years) across 16 sports were included in the review. Iron deficiency negatively affects endurance performance by 3%-4%. However, endurance performance improved by 2%-20% when ID athletes were treated with 100 mg/day of elemental iron for up to 56 days via oral supplementation, or bi-daily via parenteral administration over 8-10 days. ID non-anemic athletes with low sFer stores may be predisposed to reduced maximal aerobic capacity. However, maximal aerobic capacity improved by 6%-15% following 16-100 mg/day of elemental iron for 36-126 days. Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power performance may be impeded (-23% to +4%) among ID athletes, but the effect of FeSup on anaerobic power varied markedly (-5% to +9%) following 100 mg/day of elemental iron over 42-56 days, or 100 mg of elemental iron bi-daily over 8-10 days. The quality of studies was moderate (77%), ranging from low (57%) to high (100%). Moststudies (n = 18) contained group sizes ≤ 20 athletes, thus limiting the likelihood of detecting significant effects (statistical power > 0.80).

Conclusion: High-level ID female athletes experience a negative impact on endurance performance, which can be improved by supplementing with ∼100 mg of elemental iron per day or bi-daily. The decrements in other performance parameters characterizing a range of sports coincide with the severity of iron deficiency.

背景:铁能促进支撑运动表现的关键生物功能,而多达 60% 的女运动员都会缺铁。然而,铁缺乏对女运动员运动表现的影响以及铁补充剂(FeSup)的益处尚不清楚。本研究描述了高水平女运动员缺铁和补铁对运动成绩的影响:方法:于 2023 年 7 月对 Medline、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science、Scopus 和 CINAHL 等电子数据库进行了检索。纳入了评估缺铁或铁超标对高水平(最大摄氧量 (VO2max) > 45 mL/kg/min,或训练时间 > 5 小时/周)缺铁(ID)(血清铁蛋白 (sFer) < 40 µg/L)女运动员运动表现影响的研究。研究采用修改后的唐斯和布莱克质量评估检查表进行评估:共有 23 项研究被纳入审查范围,涉及 16 个运动项目的 669 名运动员(年龄范围:13-47 岁)。缺铁对耐力表现的负面影响为 3%-4%。然而,如果通过口服补充 100 毫克/天的元素铁,或通过肠外给药 8-10 天的双日给药,ID 运动员的耐力表现可提高 2%-20%。sFer储存量低的ID非贫血运动员可能容易降低最大有氧运动能力。然而,在连续 36-126 天每天摄入 16-100 毫克元素铁后,最大有氧能力提高了 6%-15%。在 ID 运动员中,等速力量和无氧动力表现可能会受到阻碍(-23% 至 +4%),但在 42-56 天内每天摄入 100 毫克铁元素,或 8-10 天内每天摄入 100 毫克铁元素后,铁超标对无氧动力的影响明显不同(-5% 至 +9%)。研究质量为中等(77%),从低(57%)到高(100%)不等。大多数研究(n = 18)中的运动员人数不超过 20 人,因此限制了发现显著效果的可能性(统计功率 > 0.80):结论:高水平 ID 女性运动员的耐力表现会受到负面影响,通过每天或每两天补充 100 毫克铁元素可以改善这种情况。一系列运动的其他性能参数的下降与缺铁的严重程度相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Comment on "Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes". 就 "加速计测量的体力活动、久坐行为以及 2 型糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者的大血管和微血管事件发生率 "发表评论。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101011
Barbara E Ainsworth, Haili Tian
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引用次数: 0
Comparative effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on children's body composition management: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. 生活方式干预对儿童身体成分管理的比较效果:系统综述和网络荟萃分析。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101008
Xiwen Su, Mohamed A Hassan, HyunJoon Kim, Zan Gao

Objective: To provide comparative evidence on the effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions on body composition management for preschool and school-aged children.

Methods: PubMed (Medline), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for this network meta-analysis. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that included children aged 4-12 years with no physical or mental conditions; performed at least 1 type of lifestyle intervention; reported change in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, or body fat percentage (BFP); and were published between January 2010 and August 2023 were included.

Results: The final analysis included 91 RCTs with aggregate data for 58,649 children. All interventions were categorized into single-arm approaches (physical activity, diet, behavioral and informational support) and combined arms approaches (bicomponent and multicomponent treatment). Multicomponent treatment showed significant effectiveness on the reduction of BMI (mean deviation (MD) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.88 to -0.12), BMI z-score (MD = -0.11, 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.04), and BFP (MD = -1.69, 95%CI: -2.97 to -0.42) compared to the usual care condition. Bicomponent treatment also significantly reduced BMI (MD = -0.28, 95%CI: -0.54 to -0.04) and BMI z-score (MD = -0.07, 95%CI: -0.12 to -0.02) compared to usual care.

Conclusion: Interventions targeting multiple lifestyle components achieved greater reductions in children's BMI and BFP. Among single-component approaches, physical activity engagement emerged as the most effective. These findings should guide practitioners in recommending comprehensive lifestyle modifications for children. Moreover, children with higher initial BMI and body fat levels tend to exhibit more positive responses to lifestyle interventions aimed at managing obesity.

目的为学龄前和学龄儿童的身体成分管理提供各种生活方式干预效果的比较证据:为进行此次网络荟萃分析,系统地检索了 PubMed (Medline)、Embase、CINAHL 和 Web of Science。纳入的随机对照研究(RCT)包括:4-12 岁无身体或精神疾病的儿童;至少实施了一种生活方式干预;报告了体重指数(BMI)、BMI z 值或体脂百分比(BFP)的变化;发表于 2010 年 1 月至 2023 年 8 月:最终分析包括 91 项 RCT,共收集了 58,649 名儿童的数据。所有干预措施分为单臂方法(体育锻炼、饮食、行为和信息支持)和组合臂方法(双组分和多组分治疗)。与常规护理相比,多组分疗法在降低体重指数(平均偏差 (MD) = 0.49,95% 置信区间 (95%CI):-0.88 至 -0.12)、体重指数 z 值(MD = -0.11,95%CI:-0.18 至 -0.04)和体重指数(BFP)(MD = -1.69,95%CI:-2.97 至 -0.42)方面有显著效果。与常规护理相比,双组分治疗还能显著降低体重指数(MD = -0.28,95%CI:-0.54 至 -0.04)和体重指数 z 值(MD = -0.07,95%CI:-0.12 至 -0.02):结论:针对多种生活方式的干预措施能更有效地降低儿童的体重指数(BMI)和体重指数(BFP)。结论:针对多种生活方式的干预措施能更有效地降低儿童的体重指数(BMI)和体重指数(BFP)。这些发现应指导从业人员为儿童推荐全面的生活方式调整。此外,初始体重指数和体脂水平较高的儿童往往会对旨在控制肥胖的生活方式干预措施表现出更积极的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Aerobic exercise alleviates statin-induced PCSK9 upregulation by increasing epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels through the FoxO3a-Sirt6 axis. 有氧运动通过 FoxO3a-Sirt6 轴增加环二十碳三烯酸水平,从而缓解他汀类药物诱导的 PCSK9 上调。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101007
Jiahui Hu, Hao Lei, Jingyuan Chen, Leiling Liu, Yajun Gui, Kaijun Sun, Danyan Xu

Background: Statins are the cornerstone of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering therapy; however, the therapeutic efficacy of statins in countering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is compromised by the concurrent elevation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a pivotal molecule that increases LDL-C levels. Aerobic exercise lowers PCSK9 levels, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated how aerobic exercise can ameliorate statin-induced increases in PCSK9 levels.

Methods: Three-week-old male American Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed a high-fat-cholesterol diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then administered atorvastatin alone or atorvastatin combined with aerobic exercise (Statin+Ex). Moreover, a total of 165 participants with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) enrolled at the inpatient and outpatient departments of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2018 to July 2020 were randomized into the Statin group (male/female = 51/33) and Statin+Ex group (male/female = 52/29). Patients in the Statin+Ex group underwent treadmill exercise of 45-60 min/day for 7 days.

Results: Aerobic exercise effectively alleviated statin-induced PCSK9 upregulation in human patients with CHD and hypercholesterolemic ICR mice (all p < 0.05). Mechanistically, our findings revealed that aerobic exercise induced elevated epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) plasma levels while concurrently reducing the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) (all p < 0.05), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation. Further, EETs significantly suppressed PCSK9 expression, subsequently reducing the LDL-C levels (all p < 0.05); this effect was mediated via the activation of the Forkhead box O3a-Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 6 (FoxO3a-Sirt6) axis, with no impact on the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (SREBP2-HMGCR) pathway.

Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the paradigm of "Exercise is Medicine", providing evidence to support the use of statins combined with exercise in reducing LDL-C levels, and unveils potential avenues for clinical applications of sEH inhibitors, presenting novel prospects for therapeutic interventions in ASCVD.

背景:他汀类药物是降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)疗法的基石;然而,他汀类药物在对抗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)方面的疗效却因丙蛋白转化酶亚基酶/kexin 9 型(PCSK9)的同时升高而受到影响,丙蛋白转化酶亚基酶/kexin 9 型是增加 LDL-C 水平的关键分子。有氧运动可降低 PCSK9 水平,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。因此,我们研究了有氧运动如何改善他汀类药物引起的 PCSK9 水平升高:方法:将三周大的雄性美国癌症研究所(ICR)小鼠饲喂高脂胆固醇饮食(HFD)12周,然后单独给予阿托伐他汀或阿托伐他汀联合有氧运动(Statin+Ex)。此外,2018年1月至2020年7月在中南大学湘雅二医院住院部和门诊部就诊的165名稳定型冠心病(CHD)患者被随机分为他汀组(男/女=51/33)和他汀+Ex组(男/女=52/29)。他汀+Ex组患者进行为期7天、每天45-60分钟的跑步机运动:结果:有氧运动有效缓解了他汀类药物诱导的PCSK9在人类冠心病患者和高胆固醇血症ICR小鼠中的上调(均P< 0.05)。从机理上讲,我们的研究结果表明,有氧运动在诱导环氧二十碳三烯酸(EETs)血浆水平升高的同时,也降低了可溶性环氧化物水解酶(sEH)的活性(均 p < 0.05),而sEH是一种负责降解 EETs 的酶。此外,EETs还能明显抑制PCSK9的表达,进而降低LDL-C水平(均为P<0.05);这种效应是通过激活叉头盒O3a-沉默交配型信息调节2同源物6(FoxO3a-Sirt6)轴介导的,对甾醇调节元件结合蛋白2和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰-CoA还原酶(SREBP2-HMGCR)通路没有影响:我们的研究揭示了 "运动即医学 "的模式,为他汀类药物联合运动降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平提供了证据支持,并揭示了sEH抑制剂临床应用的潜在途径,为ASCVD的治疗干预提供了新的前景。
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引用次数: 0
The wearable landscape: Issues pertaining to the validation of the measurement of 24-h physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behavior assessment. 可穿戴设备:24 小时体力活动、久坐不动和睡眠行为评估测量的验证问题。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101006
Marco Giurgiu, Birte von Haaren-Mack, Janis Fiedler, Simon Woll, Alexander Burchartz, Simon Kolb, Sascha Ketelhut, Claudia Kubica, Carina Nigg, Irina Timm, Maximiliane Thron, Steffen Schmidt, Kathrin Wunsch, Gerhard Müller, Claudio R Nigg, Alexander Woll, Markus Reichert, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Johannes Bj Bussmann
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引用次数: 0
Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles. 活性氧促进骨骼肌在耐力运动中的适应。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.001
Scott K Powers, Zsolt Radak, Li Li Ji, Malcolm Jackson

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) was first reported over 40 years ago. The prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle damage. However, a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules, capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle adaptation. Growing evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise training. This review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. We begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training. In hopes of stimulating future research, we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

40 多年前,人们首次发现收缩的骨骼肌会产生活性氧(ROS)。20 世纪 80 年代的主流观点认为,运动诱发的 ROS 会促进蛋白质和脂质氧化,从而导致肌肉损伤。然而,随着越来越多的研究发现,ROS 是一种信号分子,能够激活转录激活因子/共激活因子,并促进运动诱导的肌肉适应,因此在 20 世纪 90 年代发生了范式转变。越来越多的证据表明,还原-氧化(氧化还原)信号通路在耐力运动训练所引起的肌肉重塑过程中发挥着重要作用。本综述探讨了氧化还原信号在这种耐力运动诱导的骨骼肌适应中发挥的具体作用。我们首先讨论了收缩肌纤维中产生 ROS 的主要部位,然后总结了参与调节细胞中 ROS 水平的抗氧化酶。然后,我们讨论了哪些对氧化还原反应敏感的信号传导途径可促进耐力运动引起的肌肉适应,并就支持氧化还原反应信号传导在肌肉适应耐力运动训练中发挥重要作用这一观点的证据的强度进行了辩论。为了激励未来的研究,我们强调了这一领域的几个重要未解之谜。
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引用次数: 0
Olympic Games and 24-hour movement behaviors: A match worth making. 奥运会和 24 小时运动行为:值得一试。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.006
Mark S Tremblay, Nicholas Kuzik, Markus J Duncan, Diego Augusto Santos Silva
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引用次数: 0
Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. 新诊断乳腺癌患者的健康相关体能与患者报告症状之间的关系。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.012
Ki-Yong An, Fernanda Z Arthuso, Myriam Filion, Spencer J Allen, Stephanie M Ntoukas, Gordon J Bell, Jessica McNeil, Qinggang Wang, Margaret L McNeely, Jeff K Vallance, Lin Yang, S Nicole Culos-Reed, Leanne Dickau, John R Mackey, Christine M Friedenreich, Kerry S Courneya

Background: Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life, treatment outcomes, and survival. Preventing and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness (HRF) and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Methods: This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of diagnosis. HRF measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness (peak volume of oxygen consumption (VO2peak)), maximal muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Symptom measures included depression, sleep quality, and fatigue. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was performed for analyses.

Results: Of 1458 participants, 51.5% reported poor sleep quality, 26.5% reported significant fatigue, and 10.4% reported moderate depression. In multivariable-adjusted models, lower relative VO2peak was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures, including moderate depression (p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (p = 0.009), significant fatigue (p = 0.008), any symptom (p < 0.001), and multiple symptoms (p < 0.001). VO2peak demonstrated threshold associations with all symptom measures such that all 3 lower quartiles exhibited similar elevated risk compared to the highest quartile. The strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from ∼1.5 for poor sleep quality to ∼3.0 for moderate depression and multiple symptoms. Moreover, lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner (p = 0.001), and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern (p = 0.021).

Conclusion: Relative VO2peak appears to be a critical HRF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Other HRF parameters may also be important for specific symptoms. Exercise interventions targeting different HRF components may help newly diagnosed breast cancer patients manage specific symptoms and improve outcomes.

背景:新确诊的乳腺癌患者会出现一些症状,这些症状可能会影响他们的生活质量、治疗效果和生存期。在确诊后尽快预防和控制乳腺癌相关症状至关重要。本研究旨在调查新诊断乳腺癌患者的健康相关体能(HRF)与患者报告症状之间的关联:本研究利用了阿尔伯塔省超越乳腺癌(AMBER)队列研究的基线数据,这些数据是在确诊后 90 天内收集的。HRF测量指标包括心肺功能峰值(VO2峰值)、最大肌肉力量和耐力、柔韧性和身体成分。症状测量包括抑郁、睡眠质量和疲劳。分析结果采用调整后的多变量逻辑回归法:在 1458 名参与者中,51.5% 报告睡眠质量差,26.5% 报告明显疲劳,10.4% 报告中度抑郁。在多变量调整模型中,相对 VO2 峰值越低,出现所有症状的可能性越大,包括中度抑郁(p < 0.001)、睡眠质量差(p = 0.009)、明显疲劳(p = 0.008)、任何症状(p < 0.001)和多种症状(p < 0.001)。VO2peak 与所有症状指标都有阈值关联,因此与最高四分位数相比,所有三个较低的四分位数都表现出类似的风险升高。阈值关联的强度因症状测量而异,几率比从睡眠质量差的∼1.5到中度抑郁和多种症状的∼3.0不等。此外,相对较低的上半身肌肉耐力也以剂量反应的方式与疲劳独立相关(p = 0.001),而较高的体重则以倒 U 型模式与睡眠质量差独立相关(p = 0.021):结论:在新诊断的乳腺癌患者中,相对 VO2 峰值似乎是与患者报告的多种症状相关的关键心率变异成分。其他心率变异参数可能对特定症状也很重要。针对不同心率变异成分的运动干预可帮助新诊断的乳腺癌患者控制特定症状并改善预后。
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引用次数: 0
The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians: A longitudinal study. 85,545 名澳大利亚老年人的饮食质量和体育锻炼与心血管疾病和死亡率的关系:一项纵向研究。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.011
Ding Ding, Joe Van Buskirk, Stephanie Partridge, Philip Clare, Edward Giovannucci, Adrian Bauman, Nicole Freene, Robyn Gallagher, Binh Nguyen

Background: A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. However, despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health, the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly, particularly within the context of CVD prevention. We examined the independent, interactive, and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality.

Methods: CVD-free Australian participants aged 45-74 years (n = 85,545) reported physical activity, diet, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics at baseline (2006-2009) and follow-up (2012-2015), and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries (03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality). Diet quality was categorized as low, medium, and high based on meeting dietary recommendations. Physical activity was operationalized as (a) total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as per guidelines, and (b) the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) to total MVPA. We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.

Results: During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up, 6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes (876 from CVD during 9.3 years). A high-quality diet was associated with a 17% lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet, and the highest MVPA category (compared with the lowest) was associated with a 44% and 48% lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively. Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant. For all outcomes, the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories. Accounting for total MVPA, some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion: For CVD prevention and longevity, one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.

背景:优质饮食和积极的生活方式都是预防心血管疾病(CVD)的重要基石。然而,尽管这两种行为对代谢健康有着相互关联的影响,但却很少被联合考虑,尤其是在心血管疾病预防方面。我们研究了饮食和体育锻炼与心血管疾病住院率、心血管疾病死亡率和全因死亡率的独立、交互和联合关系:年龄在 45-74 岁之间、无心血管疾病的澳大利亚参与者(n = 85,545)在基线(2006-2009 年)和随访(2012-2015 年)时报告了体育锻炼、饮食以及社会人口学和生活方式特征,数据与住院和死亡登记(心血管疾病住院和全因死亡率为 2019 年 3 月 31 日,心血管疾病死亡率为 2017 年 12 月 8 日)相连。饮食质量根据是否符合饮食建议分为低、中和高。体力活动的操作方法是:(a) 根据指南进行总的中强度体力活动 (MVPA);(b) MVPA 的构成是剧烈强度体力活动 (VPA) 与总 MVPA 之比。我们使用了一个左截断的特定原因 Cox 比例危险模型,并使用了随时间变化的协变量:在中位 10.7 年的随访期间,6581 名参与者因心血管疾病入院,6586 人死于各种原因(其中 879 人在 9.3 年中死于心血管疾病)。与低质量饮食相比,高质量饮食导致的全因死亡风险降低了 17%,最高 MVPA 类别(与最低 MVPA 类别相比)导致的心血管疾病和全因死亡风险分别降低了 44% 和 48%。饮食与体力活动之间的乘法交互作用不显著。在所有结果中,风险最低的组合涉及高质量饮食和最高 MVPA 类别。考虑到总的 MVPA,一些 VPA 与进一步降低心血管疾病住院风险和全因死亡率有关:结论:为了预防心血管疾病和延年益寿,人们应该坚持健康饮食和积极的生活方式,并在可能的情况下加入一些 VPA。
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Journal of Sport and Health Science
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