Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.139500
D. Paliulis
Surface wastewater pollution due to accidental runoff or release of oil or its products is a longstanding and common environmental problem. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of oil products (diesel) and suspended solids, the sorbent type, the water flow rate and the interfering factors (chlorides) on the dynamic sorption of diesel and to test regeneration of polypropylene after its use for sorption. The sorbents used for study included common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), polypropylene and sorbents modified with hydrogen peroxide solution. Standard methods were used for the determination of the investigated parameters and an in-house procedure employing a gas chromatograph was used for the determination of diesel concentration. The following factors that impact the sorption of diesel were investigated during the study: diesel concentration, concentration of suspended solids; type of sorbent (common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), wheat straw modified with hydrogen peroxide, and polypropylene), water flow rate; and influence of the interfering factors (chlorides). Filtration speed in the range of investigated speeds does not affect the efficiency of diesel removal. Removal efficiency does not depend on the concentration of diesel before the sorbent reaches its maximum sorption capacity. Filling containing 50% of polypropylene and 50% of wheat straw was used for the study. It was found that polypropylene and wheat straw do not remove chlorides and suspended solids from solution. The study found that the solution of hydrogen peroxide boosts the hydrophobic properties of common wheat straw, but does not affect the sorption of diesel. The recommended number of regenerations of polypropylene should be limited to two. Experimental investigations of dynamic sorption of diesel from contaminated water 31 (Yalcinkaya et al. 2020, Lurchenko et al. 2019, Voronov et al. 2018, Kwasny et al. 2018). Sorption with a solid sorbent is one of the possible treatment methods. Sorbents can be used for the removal of oil products and organic pollutants from polluted water (Gushchin et al. 2018, Akpomie and Conradie 2021, Quím 2020, Rudkovsky et al. 2016, Paulauskiene 2018, Króla and Rożek 2020, Baiseitov et al. 2016). Clay minerals and modified clay minerals are also widely used for removing oil products and organic pollutants from water and soil (Li et al. 2016, Moshe and Rytwo 2018, Bandura et al. 2017). Scientists have tested polypropylene and other types of plastic for the removal of hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants as well (Baig and Saleh 2019, Karyab et al. 2016, Thilagavathi and Das 2018, Mohammadi et al. 2020). The sorption efficiency of oil depends on the porosity of the sorbent: sorbents with higher porosity have higher sorption capacity. There are three stages of sorption: the first stage is the initial one, where sorption is most intensive during the first minute. This represents the most intensive process of oi
由于意外径流或石油或其产品的释放而造成的地表废水污染是一个长期存在的普遍环境问题。本研究的目的是考察油品(柴油)和悬浮物浓度、吸附剂类型、水流速率和干扰因素(氯化物)对柴油动态吸附的影响，并测试聚丙烯吸附后的再生能力。研究中使用的吸附剂包括普通麦秸(Triticum aestivum)、聚丙烯和过氧化氢改性吸附剂。标准方法用于测定所调查的参数，采用气相色谱仪的内部程序用于测定柴油浓度。研究过程中考察了影响柴油吸附的因素:柴油浓度、悬浮物浓度;吸附剂类型(普通麦秸(Triticum aestivum)、过氧化氢改性麦秸、聚丙烯)、吸水率;以及干扰因素(氯化物)的影响。在研究速度范围内的过滤速度不影响柴油的去除效率。在吸附剂达到其最大吸附能力之前，去除效率不取决于柴油的浓度。采用聚丙烯和麦秸各占50%的填料。聚丙烯和麦秸不能去除溶液中的氯化物和悬浮物。研究发现，过氧化氢溶液提高了普通麦秸的疏水性，但不影响柴油的吸附。聚丙烯的推荐再生次数应限制在两次。污染水中柴油动态吸附实验研究31 (Yalcinkaya等人，2020,Lurchenko等人，2019,Voronov等人，2018,Kwasny等人，2018)。固体吸附剂吸附是一种可行的处理方法。吸附剂可用于去除污染水中的油品和有机污染物(Gushchin等人，2018,Akpomie和Conradie 2021, Quím 2020, Rudkovsky等人，2016,Paulauskiene 2018, Króla和Rożek 2020, Baiseitov等人，2016)。粘土矿物和改性粘土矿物也被广泛用于去除水和土壤中的油品和有机污染物(Li et al. 2016, Moshe and Rytwo 2018, Bandura et al. 2017)。科学家们还测试了聚丙烯和其他类型的塑料去除碳氢化合物和其他有机污染物的能力(Baig和Saleh 2019年，Karyab等人2016年，Thilagavathi和Das 2018年，Mohammadi等人2020年)。油的吸附效率取决于吸附剂的孔隙率，孔隙率越高的吸附剂吸附能力越强。吸附有三个阶段:第一阶段是初始阶段，在第一分钟内吸附最强烈。这是整个吸附过程中去除油品强度最大的过程。第二阶段是过渡阶段，在此阶段，吸收速度减慢。第三阶段是一个恒定阶段，在这个阶段，即使接触时间增加，也不再发生吸附。研究了油品(柴油)和悬浮物浓度、吸附剂类型、水流速率和干扰因素(氯化物)对油品(柴油)动态吸附的影响。材料与方法采用自来水、纤维素和氯化钠的混合物，人工配制污染水模拟地表出水，置于100l的水箱中(图1)。确定流量，通过加入自来水保持水箱出水液位不变，以使压力不影响流量。水由水泵从水箱输送到管道中，在管道中与石油产品混合。柴油在旋转泵的帮助下从一个较小的柴油罐中升起，并与水流混合。混合物在管道中流动，管道中有间距为15厘米的台阶，以引起水流湍流，为水和柴油的混合创造更好的条件。接下来，混合物通过一个网格从管中流出，该网格将水流分布在整个柱的直径上，以便更准确地估计吸收能力。试验水经柱内吸附剂层过滤后，流经柱底部的阀门。为了评估吸附性，在与油品混合的水进入色谱柱之前和在底部离开色谱柱之后进行取样。实验中使用了两种吸附剂，一种是普通麦秸作为天然吸附剂，因为它具有去除水不溶性有机物的能力;选择聚丙烯作为合成吸附剂，是因为它能够有效地去除高浓度的有机物和溶剂。
{"title":"Experimental investigations of dynamic sorption of diesel from contaminated water","authors":"D. Paliulis","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.139500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.139500","url":null,"abstract":"Surface wastewater pollution due to accidental runoff or release of oil or its products is a longstanding and common environmental problem. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of oil products (diesel) and suspended solids, the sorbent type, the water flow rate and the interfering factors (chlorides) on the dynamic sorption of diesel and to test regeneration of polypropylene after its use for sorption. The sorbents used for study included common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), polypropylene and sorbents modified with hydrogen peroxide solution. Standard methods were used for the determination of the investigated parameters and an in-house procedure employing a gas chromatograph was used for the determination of diesel concentration. The following factors that impact the sorption of diesel were investigated during the study: diesel concentration, concentration of suspended solids; type of sorbent (common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), wheat straw modified with hydrogen peroxide, and polypropylene), water flow rate; and influence of the interfering factors (chlorides). Filtration speed in the range of investigated speeds does not affect the efficiency of diesel removal. Removal efficiency does not depend on the concentration of diesel before the sorbent reaches its maximum sorption capacity. Filling containing 50% of polypropylene and 50% of wheat straw was used for the study. It was found that polypropylene and wheat straw do not remove chlorides and suspended solids from solution. The study found that the solution of hydrogen peroxide boosts the hydrophobic properties of common wheat straw, but does not affect the sorption of diesel. The recommended number of regenerations of polypropylene should be limited to two. Experimental investigations of dynamic sorption of diesel from contaminated water 31 (Yalcinkaya et al. 2020, Lurchenko et al. 2019, Voronov et al. 2018, Kwasny et al. 2018). Sorption with a solid sorbent is one of the possible treatment methods. Sorbents can be used for the removal of oil products and organic pollutants from polluted water (Gushchin et al. 2018, Akpomie and Conradie 2021, Quím 2020, Rudkovsky et al. 2016, Paulauskiene 2018, Króla and Rożek 2020, Baiseitov et al. 2016). Clay minerals and modified clay minerals are also widely used for removing oil products and organic pollutants from water and soil (Li et al. 2016, Moshe and Rytwo 2018, Bandura et al. 2017). Scientists have tested polypropylene and other types of plastic for the removal of hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants as well (Baig and Saleh 2019, Karyab et al. 2016, Thilagavathi and Das 2018, Mohammadi et al. 2020). The sorption efficiency of oil depends on the porosity of the sorbent: sorbents with higher porosity have higher sorption capacity. There are three stages of sorption: the first stage is the initial one, where sorption is most intensive during the first minute. This represents the most intensive process of oi","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73783662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135762
A. Jamrozik, R. Zurek, A. Gonet, R. Wiśniowski
Operations conducted by petroleum industry generate an entire range of drilling waste. The chemical composition of drilling waste and its toxicity depend primarily on the geological and technological conditions of drilling, the type of drilled rock deposits and on the type and composition of the drilling mud used. In the course of drilling operations, drilling fluids are in constant contact with bacteria, fungi and other organisms infecting the mud. Pioneer species, capable of surviving and using the resources of this specific environment, are selected. For this reason, the effectiveness of microbiota survival on different types of spent drilling muds and in different dilutions with brown soil was measured. Spent drilling muds samples came from drilling operations in various regions of Poland, e.g. Subcarpathia, the Polish Lowland and Pomerania regions. Oxygen consumption after 96 h was around 20 μg·g‒1 dry mass in soil or soil/drilling water-based mud mixture. Soil mixes contained 10 wt% synthetic base, mud had a higher oxygen consumption – 38 μg · g‒1 dry mass. Oxygen consumption decreases sharply as the content of the spent synthetic base mud fraction increases. A higher concentration of spent SBM (35 wt%) reduced the aerobic metabolism by slightly more than 50%. A high concentration of reduced carbon decreased the respiratory quotient (RQ) value to 0.7. All the researched drilling waste shows microbiological activity. At the full concentration of drilling fluids and non-dilution options, the chemical composition (salinity, inhibitors, etc.) strongly inhibits microbiota development and consequently, respiration. 34 A. Jamrozik, R. Żurek, A. Gonet, R. Wiśniowski Some organic polymers (starch, carboxymethyl cellulose) are easily decomposed by bacteria or fungi (Behera et al. 2014). In the course of drilling operations, drilling fluids and then spent drilling mud are in constant contact with bacteria, fungi and other organisms infecting this mud. This biological contamination is accidental. Only strong microorganisms which can adapt to the existing conditions will survive in a given drilling fluid. In this sense, the spent mud environment predetermines the organisms. Pioneer species, capable of surviving and using the resources of this specific environment, are selected. The colonization of soil-spent drilling mud mixes containing semi-natural and natural polymers e.g. starch, partially hydrolyzed acryloamide, guar gum, and cellulose, has been rarely analyzed. For this reason, we measured the effectiveness of microbiota survival on different types of spent drilling mud and in different dilutions. Experimental analysis Materials The following spent drilling mud types were analyzed: 1. WBM: bentonite (1), chloride-polymeric (2), polymeric-triple inhibited (3), potassium-polymeric (4), polymeric-chloride-inhibited (5), salt-barite (6),and 2. SBM (7). Bentonite mud – K-1/B (1) is an aqueous suspension containing minimum 5wt.% bentonite API. Prior to
{"title":"Microbial metabolic activity of drilling waste","authors":"A. Jamrozik, R. Zurek, A. Gonet, R. Wiśniowski","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.135762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.135762","url":null,"abstract":"Operations conducted by petroleum industry generate an entire range of drilling waste. The chemical composition of drilling waste and its toxicity depend primarily on the geological and technological conditions of drilling, the type of drilled rock deposits and on the type and composition of the drilling mud used. In the course of drilling operations, drilling fluids are in constant contact with bacteria, fungi and other organisms infecting the mud. Pioneer species, capable of surviving and using the resources of this specific environment, are selected. For this reason, the effectiveness of microbiota survival on different types of spent drilling muds and in different dilutions with brown soil was measured. Spent drilling muds samples came from drilling operations in various regions of Poland, e.g. Subcarpathia, the Polish Lowland and Pomerania regions. Oxygen consumption after 96 h was around 20 μg·g‒1 dry mass in soil or soil/drilling water-based mud mixture. Soil mixes contained 10 wt% synthetic base, mud had a higher oxygen consumption – 38 μg · g‒1 dry mass. Oxygen consumption decreases sharply as the content of the spent synthetic base mud fraction increases. A higher concentration of spent SBM (35 wt%) reduced the aerobic metabolism by slightly more than 50%. A high concentration of reduced carbon decreased the respiratory quotient (RQ) value to 0.7. All the researched drilling waste shows microbiological activity. At the full concentration of drilling fluids and non-dilution options, the chemical composition (salinity, inhibitors, etc.) strongly inhibits microbiota development and consequently, respiration. 34 A. Jamrozik, R. Żurek, A. Gonet, R. Wiśniowski Some organic polymers (starch, carboxymethyl cellulose) are easily decomposed by bacteria or fungi (Behera et al. 2014). In the course of drilling operations, drilling fluids and then spent drilling mud are in constant contact with bacteria, fungi and other organisms infecting this mud. This biological contamination is accidental. Only strong microorganisms which can adapt to the existing conditions will survive in a given drilling fluid. In this sense, the spent mud environment predetermines the organisms. Pioneer species, capable of surviving and using the resources of this specific environment, are selected. The colonization of soil-spent drilling mud mixes containing semi-natural and natural polymers e.g. starch, partially hydrolyzed acryloamide, guar gum, and cellulose, has been rarely analyzed. For this reason, we measured the effectiveness of microbiota survival on different types of spent drilling mud and in different dilutions. Experimental analysis Materials The following spent drilling mud types were analyzed: 1. WBM: bentonite (1), chloride-polymeric (2), polymeric-triple inhibited (3), potassium-polymeric (4), polymeric-chloride-inhibited (5), salt-barite (6),and 2. SBM (7). Bentonite mud – K-1/B (1) is an aqueous suspension containing minimum 5wt.% bentonite API. Prior to ","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72592496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odor measurement is a crucial element of odor management and regulation. In Japan, nationwide interlaboratory evaluation of olfactometry using a variety of test odorants started in 2002. In the interlaboratory tests, odor index, a sensory index of odor determined by the triangular odor bag method, is measured. In 2016, interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry was improved. Isoamyl acetate with a concentration of 50 ppm was used as a test odor, and a total of 128 olfactometry laboratories participated in the test. In this method, test results of 11 ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations of odor index. On the bases of these statistical values, measurement results of each laboratory were evaluated, including trueness and precision. Among 127 evaluated laboratories, 87 laboratories (68%) conformed to both trueness and precision criteria. In the case of ‘qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories’ designated by the JAOE, 53 out of 68 laboratories (78%) conformed to both criteria. The qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories registration system of the JAOE contributes to the improvement of the quality of olfactometry laboratories and the reliability of odor measurement in Japan. Improvement of interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry in Japan 95 Reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were, however, not necessarily appropriate, since they were determined using odor index measurement results of regular seven laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory comparison tests in 2000 and 2001. In this study, a new interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry developed in 2016 is introduced and discussed. In this method, test results of ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations. Triangular odor bag method In several countries from Europe (EN 13725 2003) to North America (ASTM E679-04 2011), including Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS 4323.3 2001), there are standardized methods used for the dynamic olfactometry analysis. These are dynamic air dilution methods for the determination of odor concentration. On the other hand, in several Asian countries, including Japan and China, the TOBM is used for odor evaluations (Brancher et al. 2017). TOBM is a static air dilution method by which odor concentration or odor index is determined. Odor concentration is the dilution ratio when odorous air is diluted by odor-free air in an odor bag until the odor becomes unperceivable. Odor index is the logarithm of odor concentration, multiplied by ten. TOBM was fi rst developed by the Tokyo metropolitan government in 1972 (Iwasaki et al. 1972, Iwasaki et al. 1978) and notifi ed by the Japan Environment Agency in
结果表明，两种方法测定的气味指数具有较强的线性相关性，特别是在较高的浓度范围内。传统的多个实验室的
{"title":"Improvement of interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry in Japan","authors":"T. higuchi, K. Shigeoka","doi":"10.24425/119696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119696","url":null,"abstract":"Odor measurement is a crucial element of odor management and regulation. In Japan, nationwide interlaboratory evaluation of olfactometry using a variety of test odorants started in 2002. In the interlaboratory tests, odor index, a sensory index of odor determined by the triangular odor bag method, is measured. In 2016, interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry was improved. Isoamyl acetate with a concentration of 50 ppm was used as a test odor, and a total of 128 olfactometry laboratories participated in the test. In this method, test results of 11 ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations of odor index. On the bases of these statistical values, measurement results of each laboratory were evaluated, including trueness and precision. Among 127 evaluated laboratories, 87 laboratories (68%) conformed to both trueness and precision criteria. In the case of ‘qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories’ designated by the JAOE, 53 out of 68 laboratories (78%) conformed to both criteria. The qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories registration system of the JAOE contributes to the improvement of the quality of olfactometry laboratories and the reliability of odor measurement in Japan. Improvement of interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry in Japan 95 Reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were, however, not necessarily appropriate, since they were determined using odor index measurement results of regular seven laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory comparison tests in 2000 and 2001. In this study, a new interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry developed in 2016 is introduced and discussed. In this method, test results of ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations. Triangular odor bag method In several countries from Europe (EN 13725 2003) to North America (ASTM E679-04 2011), including Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS 4323.3 2001), there are standardized methods used for the dynamic olfactometry analysis. These are dynamic air dilution methods for the determination of odor concentration. On the other hand, in several Asian countries, including Japan and China, the TOBM is used for odor evaluations (Brancher et al. 2017). TOBM is a static air dilution method by which odor concentration or odor index is determined. Odor concentration is the dilution ratio when odorous air is diluted by odor-free air in an odor bag until the odor becomes unperceivable. Odor index is the logarithm of odor concentration, multiplied by ten. TOBM was fi rst developed by the Tokyo metropolitan government in 1972 (Iwasaki et al. 1972, Iwasaki et al. 1978) and notifi ed by the Japan Environment Agency in","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74878921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/AEP.2021.138465
M. Rusin, J. Gospodarek, A. Nadgórska-Socha
The aim of the study was to determine the time-delayed (after three years from the moment of soil pollution) effect of petroleum-derived products (PDPs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) on the interaction between selected host plant (broad bean) and a herbivorous insect closely related to it (Sitona spp.). We assessed the condition of the plant exposed to pollutants (i.e. its growth and chemical composition), then we evaluated the attractiveness of the plant for both larvae and adults of the insect. The evaluation covered also the effect of bioremediation by using ZB-01 biopreparation. The results showed that after 3 years from soil contamination, engine oil and diesel fuel limited the feeding of adult sitona weevils while petrol caused increase in the attractiveness of plants for these insects. The PDPs negatively affected the growth of plants. The changes in element content depended on the type of pollutant. The biopreparation ZB-01 eliminated or reduced the differences caused by the presence of PDPs in the soil regarding the chemical composition of the host plant, and limited feeding by both the larvae and adult individuals of sitona weevils. The negative relationships between the contents of both some macroelements (Mg, S) and heavy metals (Zn, Ni), and feeding of imago of Sitona were observed. The obtained results indicate that PDPs remain for a long time in the environment and adversely affect not only the organisms directly exposed to the pollution – plants growing on polluted soil but also further links of the trophic chain, i.e. herbivores. List of abbreviations used at work: PDPs – petroleum-derived products EO – soil contaminated with engine oil, DF – soil contaminated with diesel fuel, P – soil contaminated with petrol, C – control soil, 0R – without bioremediation, R – with bioremediation ZB-01 – the name of the biopreparation used TPH – total petroleum hydrocarbons 72 M. Rusin, J. Gospodarek, A. Nagórska-Socha The effects of PDPs on the growth and development of plants and soil organisms exposed directly to the contact with pollutants are relatively well known (Pennings et al. 2014, Grifoni et al. 2020), but there is very scarce information about indirect effects of these compounds from polluted soil through plants to the subsequent links of trophic chain i.e. phytophagous insects. The results of studies on the impact of different oil concentrations on herbivory invertebrates (grass shrimp Palaemonete spugio and amphipods Gammarus mucronatus) of water plant (Ruppia maritima) suggest a significant and indirect influence of pollutants (Martin and Swenson 2018). Changes in the composition of the host plant due to oil-exposure affected the food preferences of herbivores as well as the amount of food they eat. However, no similar data are available on the effects of PDPs on terrestrial herbivores, which is the purpose of this experiment. Because of their diversity, easy collection and breeding, great fertility, and the short per
本研究的目的是确定石油衍生产品(pdp)(汽油、柴油和二手机油)对选定寄主植物(蚕豆)和与其密切相关的食草昆虫(Sitona spp.)之间相互作用的时滞效应(从土壤污染时刻起3年后)。我们评估了植物暴露于污染物的条件(即其生长和化学成分)，然后我们评估了植物对昆虫幼虫和成虫的吸引力。评价了ZB-01生物修复剂的生物修复效果。结果表明，在土壤污染3年后，机油和柴油限制了成虫的取食，而汽油则增加了植物对成虫的吸引力。pdp对植物生长有负面影响。元素含量的变化取决于污染物的类型。生物修复剂ZB-01消除或降低了土壤中pdp对寄主植物化学成分的影响，限制了象鼻虫幼虫和成虫的取食。观察了几种微量元素(Mg、S)和重金属(Zn、Ni)的含量与海象的摄取量呈负相关。研究结果表明，pdp在环境中长期存在，不仅对直接暴露于污染的生物(在污染土壤上生长的植物)产生不利影响，而且对营养链的进一步环节(即食草动物)也产生不利影响。工作中使用的缩写词列表:pdp -石油衍生产品EO -受机油污染的土壤，DF -受柴油污染的土壤，P -受汽油污染的土壤，C -控制土壤，0R -未经生物修复，R -经生物修复的ZB-01 -生物修复使用的TPH -总石油烃72A. Nagórska-Socha pdp对直接接触污染物的植物和土壤生物生长发育的影响相对广为人知(Pennings et al. 2014, Grifoni et al. 2020)，但关于这些化合物从受污染的土壤通过植物到营养链后续环节(即植食性昆虫)的间接影响的信息非常少。不同油浓度对水生植物(Ruppia marima)食草无脊椎动物(草虾Palaemonete spugio和片脚类Gammarus mucronatus)影响的研究结果表明，污染物的影响显著且间接(Martin and Swenson 2018)。由于油暴露导致寄主植物成分的变化影响了食草动物的食物偏好以及它们吃的食物量。然而，目前还没有关于pdp对陆生食草动物影响的类似数据，这正是本实验的目的。无脊椎动物具有多样性、易于采集和繁殖、繁殖力大、发育周期短等特点，是测定污染对环境影响的有用因素。我们前期研究证实，pdp对黑豆蚜(Aphis fabae Scop.)的发育参数有不利影响，导致其繁殖力下降，平均寿命缩短，种群内在增长率降低(Rusin et al. 2017)。尽管如此，我们还不知道pdp是如何影响食草动物的食物偏好和食量的。此外，大多数现有文献都提供了石油产品在污染出现后立即或短时间内对自然环境影响的信息(Grifoni et al. 2020, Martin and Swenson 2018)。关于pdp的后续(时滞)影响的数据仍然很少。特别罕见的是涉及现实环境条件的实验，即在现场(Sylvain et al. 2019)。最后，生物修复对土壤-植物-草食系统的影响尚不清楚。象鼻虫(象鼻虫属，鞘翅目，象鼻虫科)是常见的以豆科植物为食的食草昆虫。在子叶长出地面之前，它们会破坏土壤中的子叶。它们啃掉叶片边缘半圆形的饵料碎片，显著减少叶片的同化面，这在植物发育早期尤为有害。这种昆虫的幼虫以根瘤为食，从而减少了植物固定氮的数量，并扰乱了它们的水管理，从而导致生长和发育恶化(Hanavan和bosque - p2013.2012)。蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)已被用作研究土壤污染物(包括pdp)对植物生长发育影响的模式植物(Malallah et al. 1996)。该研究的目的是确定时间延迟(即。 研究了汽油、柴油和废机油等pdp对寄主植物(蚕豆)和与其密切相关的食草昆虫(Sitona spp.)之间相互作用的影响。研究了pdp对蚕豆生长和植物各器官中选定营养物质含量的影响。此外，还确定了生物修复工艺(添加生物修复剂ZB-01)对上述特征的影响。ZB-01生物修复剂是一种广泛用于启动和刺激污染水体和土壤中石油衍生物质生物降解的微生物制剂。我们之所以选择它，是因为它在分解石油衍生污染物方面的作用已经被许多研究证实(Petryszak et al. 2008, Kaszycki et al. 2010, Kaszycki et al. 2011, Kaszycki et al. 2015)。最后，分析了蚕豆取食、土壤pdp污染与蚕豆化学成分(常量元素和重金属)的关系。通过这种新的多营养方法，我们试图确定pdp污染是否会间接影响暴露于污染中的生物，并以同样的方式影响食物链的进一步环节，以及评估由特别制备的微生物生物修复启动的生物修复在恢复土壤-植物-草食系统平衡中的有用性。现场实验于2013年在克拉科夫农业大学实验站进行，该实验站位于克拉科夫附近的Mydlniki(波兰;50.0815°N, 19.84730°E)。2009年11月，土(壤土沙;pH(KCl) = 6.45;pH(H2O) = 7.12;碳总量= 10.4 g kg -1;氮= 0.90 g kg-1;C: n = 11.6;CaCO3 = 1.7 g kg -1;有效磷= 7.14 mg 100 g-1;有效镁= 5.64 mg 100 g-1;有效钾= 14.25 mg 100 g-1)放置在32个体积为1 m3 (1 m × 1 m × 1 m)的特殊容器中，保持层间的自然排列。我们使用经过认证的塑料容器来储存油、石油产品和溶剂等物质。这些容器是双层底的。上面的底部，支撑在支架上，穿孔，使可能流出的水(含可能的污染物)。在填土之前，容器还内衬了一层非织造土工布，以防止土壤通过底部穿孔渗漏。在每个容器底部以下的一侧安装了一个水箱(与容器底部相连)，以收集容器内土壤中可能产生的废水。水箱有一个通向水面的塑料管，可以把多余的水抽出来。采用该工艺是为了避免污染土壤的废水对环境造成污染。所有容器还提供了穿孔塑料管(放置在大约。在重力系统中提供足够的土壤曝气，这是生物修复正确进行的先决条件。这些容器被埋在地下，使它们的上边缘与土壤表面在同一水平面上。容器中的土壤在没有任何干预的情况下放置八个月，以恢复其自然的生物功能。2010年6月，将汽油(BP无铅95)(P)、废机油(白金经典半合成10W-40，在汽油发动机中使用一年)(EO)和柴油(BP柴油燃料)(DF)人工污染土壤表面，每千克干质量中每6000毫克PDP。pdp分别使用。从pdp污染开始的一周后和一年后，一半的容器加入生物修复剂ZB-01进行生物修复处理。ZB-01是农业大学生物化学系专门为本次实验制作的，土壤中石油衍生产品的时滞效应及其生物修复对植物-草食相互作用73在Kraków上的影响，含有选定的原核生物(窄养单胞菌、假单胞菌、莫拉菌、不动杆菌、Alcaligenes、Ochrobactrum、Comamonas、Burkholderia、杆状杆菌和Oligella)。这些细菌是多年来从被有机化合物严重污染的地点分离出来的(Kaszycki et al. 2001)。我们早期的研究也证实了这种生物修复剂在降解石油污染物方面的活性(Gospodarek et al. 2016)。在保持土壤60%吸湿率的情况下，采用喷淋处理。在施用ZB-01之前，用于该处理
{"title":"Time-delayed effect of petroleum-derived products in soil and their bioremediation on plant – herbivore interaction","authors":"M. Rusin, J. Gospodarek, A. Nadgórska-Socha","doi":"10.24425/AEP.2021.138465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AEP.2021.138465","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the time-delayed (after three years from the moment of soil pollution) effect of petroleum-derived products (PDPs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) on the interaction between selected host plant (broad bean) and a herbivorous insect closely related to it (Sitona spp.). We assessed the condition of the plant exposed to pollutants (i.e. its growth and chemical composition), then we evaluated the attractiveness of the plant for both larvae and adults of the insect. The evaluation covered also the effect of bioremediation by using ZB-01 biopreparation. The results showed that after 3 years from soil contamination, engine oil and diesel fuel limited the feeding of adult sitona weevils while petrol caused increase in the attractiveness of plants for these insects. The PDPs negatively affected the growth of plants. The changes in element content depended on the type of pollutant. The biopreparation ZB-01 eliminated or reduced the differences caused by the presence of PDPs in the soil regarding the chemical composition of the host plant, and limited feeding by both the larvae and adult individuals of sitona weevils. The negative relationships between the contents of both some macroelements (Mg, S) and heavy metals (Zn, Ni), and feeding of imago of Sitona were observed. The obtained results indicate that PDPs remain for a long time in the environment and adversely affect not only the organisms directly exposed to the pollution – plants growing on polluted soil but also further links of the trophic chain, i.e. herbivores. List of abbreviations used at work: PDPs – petroleum-derived products EO – soil contaminated with engine oil, DF – soil contaminated with diesel fuel, P – soil contaminated with petrol, C – control soil, 0R – without bioremediation, R – with bioremediation ZB-01 – the name of the biopreparation used TPH – total petroleum hydrocarbons 72 M. Rusin, J. Gospodarek, A. Nagórska-Socha The effects of PDPs on the growth and development of plants and soil organisms exposed directly to the contact with pollutants are relatively well known (Pennings et al. 2014, Grifoni et al. 2020), but there is very scarce information about indirect effects of these compounds from polluted soil through plants to the subsequent links of trophic chain i.e. phytophagous insects. The results of studies on the impact of different oil concentrations on herbivory invertebrates (grass shrimp Palaemonete spugio and amphipods Gammarus mucronatus) of water plant (Ruppia maritima) suggest a significant and indirect influence of pollutants (Martin and Swenson 2018). Changes in the composition of the host plant due to oil-exposure affected the food preferences of herbivores as well as the amount of food they eat. However, no similar data are available on the effects of PDPs on terrestrial herbivores, which is the purpose of this experiment. Because of their diversity, easy collection and breeding, great fertility, and the short per","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.140545
E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, Oskar Ronda, K. Jankowska, Rafał Bray, Bartosz Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska
: Due to its location, Puck Bay is an area particularly vulnerable to pollution of anthropogenic origin. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality of small watercourses entering the inner part of Puck Bay. The paper presents the results of chemical and microbiological analyses of 10 rivers and canals at their estuaries located on the western shore of the internal Puck Bay. The following environmental parameters were analyzed: conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (in situ measurements), COD (cuvette tests), concentrations of ions (ion chromatography). Microbiological analysis included assessment of sanitary condition based on the number of fecal coliforms by a cultivation method. The determination of basic microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity were determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Based on the obtained
{"title":"Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part II: Case study on the watercourses in the Puck Bay catchment area","authors":"E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, Oskar Ronda, K. Jankowska, Rafał Bray, Bartosz Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska","doi":"10.24425/aep.2022.140545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2022.140545","url":null,"abstract":": Due to its location, Puck Bay is an area particularly vulnerable to pollution of anthropogenic origin. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality of small watercourses entering the inner part of Puck Bay. The paper presents the results of chemical and microbiological analyses of 10 rivers and canals at their estuaries located on the western shore of the internal Puck Bay. The following environmental parameters were analyzed: conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (in situ measurements), COD (cuvette tests), concentrations of ions (ion chromatography). Microbiological analysis included assessment of sanitary condition based on the number of fecal coliforms by a cultivation method. The determination of basic microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity were determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Based on the obtained","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75078242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142691
{"title":"Application of response surface methodology to improve methane production from jerusalem artichoke straw","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2022.142691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2022.142691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77164713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prediction of PM2.5 is important for environmental forecasting and air pollution control. In this study, four machine learning methods, ground-based LiDAR data and meteorological data were used to predict the ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing. Among the four methods, the random forest (RF) method was the most effective in predicting ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. Compared with BP neural network, support vector machine (SVM), and various linear fitting methods, the accuracy of the RF method was superior by 10%. The method can describe the spatial and temporal variation in PM2.5 concentrations under different meteorological conditions, with low root mean square error (RMSE) and mean square deviation (MD), and the consistency index (IA) reached 99.69%. Under different weather conditions, the hourly variation in PM2.5 concentrations has a good descriptive ability. In this paper, we analyzed the weights of input variables in the RF method, constructed a pollution case to correspond to the relationship between input variables and PM2.5, and analyzed the sources of pollutants via HYSPLIT backward trajectory. This method can study the interaction between PM2.5 and air pollution variables, and provide new ideas for preventing and forecasting air pollution.
{"title":"Prediction of PM2.5 hourly concentrations in Beijing based on machine learning algorithm and ground-based LiDAR","authors":"Zhiyuan Fang, Hao Yang, Cheng Li, Liangliang Cheng, Ming Zhao, Chenbo Xie","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.138468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.138468","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of PM2.5 is important for environmental forecasting and air pollution control. In this study, four machine learning methods, ground-based LiDAR data and meteorological data were used to predict the ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing. Among the four methods, the random forest (RF) method was the most effective in predicting ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. Compared with BP neural network, support vector machine (SVM), and various linear fitting methods, the accuracy of the RF method was superior by 10%. The method can describe the spatial and temporal variation in PM2.5 concentrations under different meteorological conditions, with low root mean square error (RMSE) and mean square deviation (MD), and the consistency index (IA) reached 99.69%. Under different weather conditions, the hourly variation in PM2.5 concentrations has a good descriptive ability. In this paper, we analyzed the weights of input variables in the RF method, constructed a pollution case to correspond to the relationship between input variables and PM2.5, and analyzed the sources of pollutants via HYSPLIT backward trajectory. This method can study the interaction between PM2.5 and air pollution variables, and provide new ideas for preventing and forecasting air pollution.","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77875056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134538
{"title":"Interaction of selected pesticides with mineral and organic soil components","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.134538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.134538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76472250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.136450
Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska, Zofi, Grzegorz Pawlak, Sinicyn
: The aspects of surface stability and groundwater exchange recognized by many researchers due to the intensification of agriculture and industry (manifested in, e.g., regulation and dredging of riverbed sediments of rivers) are now widely discussed on the international forum of water policy and management. It is essential to assess the spatial variability of water exchange through the river length and cross sections for the preparation of data and calculation of the groundwater flow model. This article presents research which describes the spatial distribution of the surface water-groundwater interaction within the river cross-section. Two measurement series were carried out to describe its variability. Additionally, a groundwater flow model was
{"title":"Spatial distribution of the water exchange through river cross-section – measurements and the numerical model","authors":"Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska, Zofi, Grzegorz Pawlak, Sinicyn","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.136450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.136450","url":null,"abstract":": The aspects of surface stability and groundwater exchange recognized by many researchers due to the intensification of agriculture and industry (manifested in, e.g., regulation and dredging of riverbed sediments of rivers) are now widely discussed on the international forum of water policy and management. It is essential to assess the spatial variability of water exchange through the river length and cross sections for the preparation of data and calculation of the groundwater flow model. This article presents research which describes the spatial distribution of the surface water-groundwater interaction within the river cross-section. Two measurement series were carried out to describe its variability. Additionally, a groundwater flow model was","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142695
J. Godłowska, Kamil Kaszowski, W. Kaszowski
: The aim of the study is to present the FAPPS (Forecasting of Air Pollution Propagation System) based on the CALPUFF puff dispersion model, used for short-term air quality forecasting in Krakow and Lesser Poland. The article presents two methods of operational air quality forecasting in Krakow. The quality of forecasts was assessed on the basis of PM 10 concentrations measured at eight air quality monitoring stations in 2019 in Krakow. Apart from the standard quantitative forecast, a qualitative forecast was presented, specifying the percentage shares of the city area with PM 10 concentrations in six concentration classes. For both methods, it was shown how the adjustment of the emissions in the FAPPS system to changes in emissions related to the systemic elimination of coal furnaces in Krakow influenced the quality of forecasts. For standard forecasts, after the emission change on June 7, 2019, the average RMSE value decreased from 23.9 μg/m 3 to 14.9 μg/m 3 , the average FB value changed from -0.200 to -0.063, and the share of correct forecasts increased from 0.74 to 0.91. For qualitative forecasts, for the entire year 2019 and separately for the periods from January to March and October to December, Hit Rate values of 5.43, 2.18 and 3.48 were obtained, the False Alarm Ratios were 0.28, 0.24 and 0,26, and the Probability of Detection values were 0.66, 0.75, and 0.74. The presented results show that the FAPPS system is a useful tool for modelling air pollution in urbanized and industrialized areas with complex terrain.
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