The analysis of photosynthetic traits has become an integral part of plant (eco-)physiology. Many of these characteristics are not directly measured, but calculated from combinations of several, more direct, measurements. The calculations of such derived variables are based on on underlying physical models and may use additional constants or assumed values. Commercially-available gas-exchange instruments typically report such derived variables, but the available implementations use different definitions and assumptions. Moreover, no software is currently available to allow a fully scripted and reproducible workflow that includes importing data, preprocessing and recalculating derived quantities. The R package gasanalyzer aims to address these issues by providing methods to import data from different instruments, by translating photosynthetic variables to a standardized nomenclature, and by optionally recalculating derived quantities using standardized equations. In addition, the package facilitates performing sensitivity analyses on variables or assumptions used in the calculations to allow researchers to better assess the robustness of the results. The use of the package and how to perform sensitivity analyses is demonstrated using three different examples.
{"title":"GasanalyzeR: Advancing Reproducible Research using a New R Package for Photosynthesis Data Workflows","authors":"Danny Tholen","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae035","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of photosynthetic traits has become an integral part of plant (eco-)physiology. Many of these characteristics are not directly measured, but calculated from combinations of several, more direct, measurements. The calculations of such derived variables are based on on underlying physical models and may use additional constants or assumed values. Commercially-available gas-exchange instruments typically report such derived variables, but the available implementations use different definitions and assumptions. Moreover, no software is currently available to allow a fully scripted and reproducible workflow that includes importing data, preprocessing and recalculating derived quantities. The R package gasanalyzer aims to address these issues by providing methods to import data from different instruments, by translating photosynthetic variables to a standardized nomenclature, and by optionally recalculating derived quantities using standardized equations. In addition, the package facilitates performing sensitivity analyses on variables or assumptions used in the calculations to allow researchers to better assess the robustness of the results. The use of the package and how to perform sensitivity analyses is demonstrated using three different examples.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celestine Anyango Ochola, Mathew Pierro Ngugi, Evans N. Nyaboga, D. M. Njarui
Drought has become more recurrent and causes substantial decline in forage yields leading to strain on feed resources for livestock production. This has intensified the search for drought tolerant forages to promote sustainable livestock production. The objective of this study was to identify drought-tolerant Urochloa grasses and to discern their morpho-physiological and yield traits to water stress as well as the relationship between these traits and indices of drought resistance. The results showed that the ecotypes, water regimes and their interaction significantly influenced all the studied morpho-physiological and yield traits. There was a significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves and tillers, dry matter yield, relative water content, photosystem II and efficiency of photosystem II with an increase in non-photochemical quenching. The principal component analysis revealed that the performance of Urochloa grass ecotypes was different under water sufficient and water deficit conditions. Drought tolerance indicators (mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, tolerance index and stress tolerance index) were most effective in identifying Urochloa ecotypes with high biomass production under both water deficient and water sufficient conditions. Ecotypes K17, K7, Kisii, Busia, and Kakamega were the most drought-tolerant, Basilisk, K6, K10, K19 and Toledo were moderately tolerant whereas, CIAT6385, CIAT16449, K13, K5, and K9 were drought sensitive. The five drought-tolerant Urochloa ecotypes should be tested for sustainable biomass production under field conditions and used in breeding programs to develop high yielding drought tolerant varieties.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological and yield traits for selection of drought tolerant Urochloa grass ecotypes","authors":"Celestine Anyango Ochola, Mathew Pierro Ngugi, Evans N. Nyaboga, D. M. Njarui","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drought has become more recurrent and causes substantial decline in forage yields leading to strain on feed resources for livestock production. This has intensified the search for drought tolerant forages to promote sustainable livestock production. The objective of this study was to identify drought-tolerant Urochloa grasses and to discern their morpho-physiological and yield traits to water stress as well as the relationship between these traits and indices of drought resistance. The results showed that the ecotypes, water regimes and their interaction significantly influenced all the studied morpho-physiological and yield traits. There was a significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves and tillers, dry matter yield, relative water content, photosystem II and efficiency of photosystem II with an increase in non-photochemical quenching. The principal component analysis revealed that the performance of Urochloa grass ecotypes was different under water sufficient and water deficit conditions. Drought tolerance indicators (mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, tolerance index and stress tolerance index) were most effective in identifying Urochloa ecotypes with high biomass production under both water deficient and water sufficient conditions. Ecotypes K17, K7, Kisii, Busia, and Kakamega were the most drought-tolerant, Basilisk, K6, K10, K19 and Toledo were moderately tolerant whereas, CIAT6385, CIAT16449, K13, K5, and K9 were drought sensitive. The five drought-tolerant Urochloa ecotypes should be tested for sustainable biomass production under field conditions and used in breeding programs to develop high yielding drought tolerant varieties.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D M Nethani H Gunadasa, K M G Gehan Jayasuriya, Jerry M Baskin, Carol C Baskin
Argyreia is the most recently evolved genus in the Convolvulaceae, and available information suggests that most species in this family produce seeds with physical dormancy (PY). Our aim was to understand the evolution of seed dormancy in this family via an investigation of dormancy, storage behaviour, morphology and anatomy of seeds of five Argyreia species from Sri Lanka. Imbibition, germination and dye tracking of fresh intact and manually scarified seeds were studied. Scanning electron micrographs and hand sections of the hilar area and the seed coat away from the hilar area were compared. Scarified and intact seeds of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica imbibed water and germinated to a high percentage, but only scarified seeds of A. nervosa and A. osyrensis did so. Thus, seeds of the three former species are non-dormant (ND), while those of the latter two have physical dormancy (PY); this result was confirmed by dye-tracking experiments. Since > 90 % of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica seeds survived desiccation to 10 % moisture content (MC) and > 90 % of A. nervosa and A. osyrensis seeds with a dispersal MC of ~ 12 % were viable, seeds of the five species were desiccation-tolerant. A. nervosa and A. osyrensis have a wide geographical distribution and PY, while A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica have a restricted distribution and ND. Although seeds of A. kleiniana are ND, their seed coat anatomy is similar to that of A. osyrensis with PY. These observations suggest that the ND of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica seeds is the result of an evolutionary reversal from PY and that ND may be an adaptation of these species to the environmental conditions of their wet aseasonal habitats.
Argyreia 是旋花科（Convolvulaceae）中进化最晚的属，现有资料表明，该科的大多数物种生产的种子具有物理休眠（PY）。我们的目的是通过研究斯里兰卡五种 Argyreia 种子的休眠、贮藏行为、形态和解剖，了解该科种子休眠的进化过程。我们研究了新鲜完整种子和人工去痕种子的休眠、萌发和染料追踪。通过扫描电子显微照片和手工切片比较了种皮区和种皮远离种皮区的部分。克莱尼亚娜（A. kleiniana）、赫苏塔（A. hirsuta）和泽兰（A. zeylanica）的去痕种子和完整种子都能吸水发芽并达到很高的发芽率，但只有神仙菜（A. nervosa）和连翘（A. osyrensis）的去痕种子能吸水发芽并达到很高的发芽率。因此，前三个物种的种子无休眠（ND），而后两个物种的种子有物理休眠（PY）；这一结果在染色跟踪实验中得到了证实。由于 90% 的 A. kleiniana、A. hirsuta 和 A. zeylanica 种子在含水量（MC）为 10% 的干燥条件下存活，而 90% 的 A. nervosa 和 A. osyrensis 种子在散播 MC 约为 12% 的条件下存活，因此这五个物种的种子都耐干燥。A.nervosa和A. osyrensis的地理分布广泛，PY较高，而A. kleiniana、A. hirsuta和A. zeylanica的分布有限，ND较低。虽然 A. kleiniana 的种子是玖瑰，但它们的种皮解剖结构与 A. osyrensis 的相似，都是PY。这些观察结果表明，A. kleiniana、A. hirsuta 和 A. zeylanica 种子的玖玖彩票网正规吗是PY进化逆转的结果，玖玖彩票网正规吗可能是这些物种对其潮湿季节栖息地环境条件的一种适应。
{"title":"Evolutionary reversal of physical dormancy to nondormancy: Evidence from comparative seed morphoanatomy of Argyreia species (Convolvulaceae)","authors":"D M Nethani H Gunadasa, K M G Gehan Jayasuriya, Jerry M Baskin, Carol C Baskin","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae033","url":null,"abstract":"Argyreia is the most recently evolved genus in the Convolvulaceae, and available information suggests that most species in this family produce seeds with physical dormancy (PY). Our aim was to understand the evolution of seed dormancy in this family via an investigation of dormancy, storage behaviour, morphology and anatomy of seeds of five Argyreia species from Sri Lanka. Imbibition, germination and dye tracking of fresh intact and manually scarified seeds were studied. Scanning electron micrographs and hand sections of the hilar area and the seed coat away from the hilar area were compared. Scarified and intact seeds of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica imbibed water and germinated to a high percentage, but only scarified seeds of A. nervosa and A. osyrensis did so. Thus, seeds of the three former species are non-dormant (ND), while those of the latter two have physical dormancy (PY); this result was confirmed by dye-tracking experiments. Since > 90 % of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica seeds survived desiccation to 10 % moisture content (MC) and > 90 % of A. nervosa and A. osyrensis seeds with a dispersal MC of ~ 12 % were viable, seeds of the five species were desiccation-tolerant. A. nervosa and A. osyrensis have a wide geographical distribution and PY, while A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica have a restricted distribution and ND. Although seeds of A. kleiniana are ND, their seed coat anatomy is similar to that of A. osyrensis with PY. These observations suggest that the ND of A. kleiniana, A. hirsuta and A. zeylanica seeds is the result of an evolutionary reversal from PY and that ND may be an adaptation of these species to the environmental conditions of their wet aseasonal habitats.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest and landscape restoration is one of the main strategies for overcoming the environmental crisis. This activity is particularly relevant for biodiversity-rich areas threatened by deforestation, such as tropical forests. Efficient long-term restoration requires understanding the composition and genetic structure of native populations, as well as the factors that influence these genetic components. This is because these populations serve as the seed sources and, therefore, the gene reservoirs for areas under restoration. In the present study, we investigated the influence of environmental, climatic, and spatial distance factors on the genetic patterns of Plathymenia reticulata Benth., aiming to support seed translocation strategies for restoration areas. We collected plant samples from nine populations of P. reticulata in the state of Bahia, Brazil, located in areas of Atlantic Forest and Savanna, across four climatic types, and genotyped them using nine nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. The populations of P. reticulata evaluated generally showed low to moderate genotypic variability and low haplotypic diversity. The populations within the Savanna phytophysiognomy showed values above average for six of the eight evaluated genetic diversity parameters. Using this classification based on phytophysiognomy demonstrated a high predictive power for genetic differentiation in P. reticulata. Furthermore, the interplay of climate, soil, and geographic distance influenced the spread of alleles across the landscape. Based on our findings, we propose seed translocation, taking into account the biome, with restricted use of seed sources acquired or collected from the same environment as the areas to be restored (Savanna or Atlantic Forest).
{"title":"Guiding Seed Movement: Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Differentiation in Plathymenia reticulata Benth., Providing Insights for Restoration","authors":"Taise Almeida Conceição, Alesandro Souza Santos, Ane Karoline Campos Fernandes, Gabriela Nascimento Meireles, Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira, Rafael Marani Barbosa, Fernanda Amato Gaiotto","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae032","url":null,"abstract":"Forest and landscape restoration is one of the main strategies for overcoming the environmental crisis. This activity is particularly relevant for biodiversity-rich areas threatened by deforestation, such as tropical forests. Efficient long-term restoration requires understanding the composition and genetic structure of native populations, as well as the factors that influence these genetic components. This is because these populations serve as the seed sources and, therefore, the gene reservoirs for areas under restoration. In the present study, we investigated the influence of environmental, climatic, and spatial distance factors on the genetic patterns of Plathymenia reticulata Benth., aiming to support seed translocation strategies for restoration areas. We collected plant samples from nine populations of P. reticulata in the state of Bahia, Brazil, located in areas of Atlantic Forest and Savanna, across four climatic types, and genotyped them using nine nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. The populations of P. reticulata evaluated generally showed low to moderate genotypic variability and low haplotypic diversity. The populations within the Savanna phytophysiognomy showed values above average for six of the eight evaluated genetic diversity parameters. Using this classification based on phytophysiognomy demonstrated a high predictive power for genetic differentiation in P. reticulata. Furthermore, the interplay of climate, soil, and geographic distance influenced the spread of alleles across the landscape. Based on our findings, we propose seed translocation, taking into account the biome, with restricted use of seed sources acquired or collected from the same environment as the areas to be restored (Savanna or Atlantic Forest).","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashley M Earley, Kristen M Nolting, Lisa A Donovan, John M Burke
Background and Aims Drought is a major agricultural challenge that is expected to worsen with climate change. A better understanding of drought responses has the potential to inform efforts to breed more tolerant plants. We assessed leaf trait variation and covariation in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in response to water limitation. Methods Plants were grown under four levels of water availability and assessed for environmentally induced plasticity in leaf stomatal and vein traits as well as biomass (performance indicator), mass fractions, leaf area, leaf mass per area, and chlorophyll content. Key Results Overall, biomass declined in response to stress; these changes were accompanied by responses in leaf-level traits including decreased leaf area and stomatal size, and increased stomatal and vein density. The magnitude of trait responses increased with stress severity and relative plasticity of smaller-scale leaf anatomical traits was less than that of larger-scale traits related to construction and growth. Across treatments, where phenotypic plasticity was observed, stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal size and positively correlated with minor vein density, but the correlations did not hold up within treatments. Four leaf traits previously shown to reflect major axes of variation in a large sunflower diversity panel under well-watered conditions (i.e., stomatal density, stomatal pore length, vein density, and leaf mass per area) predicted a surprisingly large amount of the variation in biomass across treatments, but trait associations with biomass differed within treatments. Additionally, the importance of these traits in predicting variation in biomass is mediated, at least in part, through leaf size. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the importance of leaf anatomical traits in mediating drought responses in sunflower, and highlight the role that phenotypic plasticity and multi-trait phenotypes can play in predicting productivity under complex abiotic stresses like drought.
{"title":"Trait variation and performance across varying levels of drought stress in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"Ashley M Earley, Kristen M Nolting, Lisa A Donovan, John M Burke","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae031","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims Drought is a major agricultural challenge that is expected to worsen with climate change. A better understanding of drought responses has the potential to inform efforts to breed more tolerant plants. We assessed leaf trait variation and covariation in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in response to water limitation. Methods Plants were grown under four levels of water availability and assessed for environmentally induced plasticity in leaf stomatal and vein traits as well as biomass (performance indicator), mass fractions, leaf area, leaf mass per area, and chlorophyll content. Key Results Overall, biomass declined in response to stress; these changes were accompanied by responses in leaf-level traits including decreased leaf area and stomatal size, and increased stomatal and vein density. The magnitude of trait responses increased with stress severity and relative plasticity of smaller-scale leaf anatomical traits was less than that of larger-scale traits related to construction and growth. Across treatments, where phenotypic plasticity was observed, stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal size and positively correlated with minor vein density, but the correlations did not hold up within treatments. Four leaf traits previously shown to reflect major axes of variation in a large sunflower diversity panel under well-watered conditions (i.e., stomatal density, stomatal pore length, vein density, and leaf mass per area) predicted a surprisingly large amount of the variation in biomass across treatments, but trait associations with biomass differed within treatments. Additionally, the importance of these traits in predicting variation in biomass is mediated, at least in part, through leaf size. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the importance of leaf anatomical traits in mediating drought responses in sunflower, and highlight the role that phenotypic plasticity and multi-trait phenotypes can play in predicting productivity under complex abiotic stresses like drought.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Antònia Vanrell, Letícia R Novaes, A. Afonso, Juan Arroyo, Violeta I Simón-Porcar
Linum suffruticosum s.l. is a taxonomic complex widespread in the western Mediterranean basin. The complex is characterized by a high phenotypic and cytogenetic diversity, and by a unique three-dimensional heterostyly system that makes it an obligate outcrosser. We studied the patterns of genetic diversity and structure of populations throughout the entire distribution of L. suffruticosum s.l. with microsatellite markers. We analyzed their relationships with various biological and ecological variables, including the morph ratio and sex organ reciprocity of populations measured with a novel multi-dimensional method. Populations consistently showed an approximate 1:1 morph ratio with high sex organ reciprocity and high genetic diversity. We found high genetic differentiation of populations, showing a pattern of isolation by distance. The Rif mountains in NW Africa were the most important genetic barrier. The taxonomic treatment within the group was not related to the genetic differentiation of populations, but to their environmental differentiation. Genetic diversity was unrelated to latitude, elevation, population size, niche suitability or breeding system. However, there was a clear influence of ploidy level on the genetic diversity of populations, and a seeming center-periphery pattern in its distribution. Our results suggest that polyploidization events, high outcrossing rates, isolation by distance and important geographical barriers to gene flow have played major roles in the microevolutionary history of this species complex.
亚麻（Linum suffruticosum s.l.）是广泛分布于地中海盆地西部的一个分类群。该种群的特点是表型和细胞遗传多样性很高，而且具有独特的三维异型系统，使其成为强制性杂交种。我们用微卫星标记研究了 L. suffruticosum s.l. 整个分布区种群的遗传多样性和结构模式。我们分析了它们与各种生物和生态变量的关系，包括用一种新的多维方法测量的种群的形态比和性器官互易性。种群始终表现出近似 1:1 的形态比、高性器官互易性和高遗传多样性。我们发现种群的遗传分化程度很高，呈现出一种因距离而隔离的模式。非洲西北部的里夫山脉是最重要的遗传屏障。群体内的分类处理与种群的遗传分化无关，而是与环境分化有关。遗传多样性与纬度、海拔、种群大小、生态位适宜性或繁殖系统无关。然而，倍性水平对种群的遗传多样性有明显的影响，而且其分布似乎呈中心-外围模式。我们的研究结果表明，多倍体化事件、高外交率、距离隔离和基因流动的重要地理障碍在该物种群的微进化史中发挥了重要作用。
{"title":"Ecological correlates of population genetics in Linum suffruticosum, an heterostylous polyploid and taxonomic complex endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin","authors":"Maria Antònia Vanrell, Letícia R Novaes, A. Afonso, Juan Arroyo, Violeta I Simón-Porcar","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Linum suffruticosum s.l. is a taxonomic complex widespread in the western Mediterranean basin. The complex is characterized by a high phenotypic and cytogenetic diversity, and by a unique three-dimensional heterostyly system that makes it an obligate outcrosser. We studied the patterns of genetic diversity and structure of populations throughout the entire distribution of L. suffruticosum s.l. with microsatellite markers. We analyzed their relationships with various biological and ecological variables, including the morph ratio and sex organ reciprocity of populations measured with a novel multi-dimensional method. Populations consistently showed an approximate 1:1 morph ratio with high sex organ reciprocity and high genetic diversity. We found high genetic differentiation of populations, showing a pattern of isolation by distance. The Rif mountains in NW Africa were the most important genetic barrier. The taxonomic treatment within the group was not related to the genetic differentiation of populations, but to their environmental differentiation. Genetic diversity was unrelated to latitude, elevation, population size, niche suitability or breeding system. However, there was a clear influence of ploidy level on the genetic diversity of populations, and a seeming center-periphery pattern in its distribution. Our results suggest that polyploidization events, high outcrossing rates, isolation by distance and important geographical barriers to gene flow have played major roles in the microevolutionary history of this species complex.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential phytoregulator that is widely used to promote the synthesis of high-value nutraceuticals in plants. However, its application in daylily, an ornamental plant highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the exogenous SA-induced physiological, transcriptional, and biochemical changes in long yellow daylily (LYD). We found that 2 mg/L foliar SA treatment significantly improved LYD plant growth and yield. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and tyrosine metabolism were significantly induced in SA-treated leaves. Many transcription factors and antioxidant system-related DEGs were induced under the SA treatment. Biochemical analyses showed that the leaf contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (Cpr), ascorbic acid (AsA), and colchicine were significantly increased by 15.15% (from 30.16±1.301 to 34.73±0.861 mg/g), 19.54% (from 60.3±2.227 to 72.08±1.617 mg/g), 30.45% (from 190.1±4.56 to 247.98±11.652 μg/g), and 73.05% (from 3.08±0.157 to 5.33±0.462 μg/g), respectively, under the SA treatment. Furthermore, we identified 15 potential candidate genes for enhancing the growth, production, and phytochemical content of LYD. Our results provide support for the bioaccumulation of colchicine in yellow daylily and valuable resources for biotechnological-assisted production of this important nutraceutical in Hemerocallis spp.
水杨酸（SA）是一种重要的植物调节剂，被广泛用于促进植物合成高价值的营养保健品。然而，水杨酸在萱草（一种在传统中药中具有很高价值的观赏植物）中的应用尚未见报道。在此，我们研究了外源 SA 诱导的长黄萱草（LYD）生理、转录和生化变化。我们发现，叶面喷施2 mg/L SA能显著改善萱草的生长和产量。转录组测序和差异表达基因分析表明，SA处理叶片中的苯丙类生物合成、异喹啉生物碱生物合成、硫代谢、植物激素信号转导和酪氨酸代谢受到显著诱导。在 SA 处理下，许多转录因子和抗氧化系统相关的 DEGs 被诱导。生化分析表明，可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（Cpr）、抗坏血酸（AsA）和秋水仙碱的含量分别从（30.16±1.301）毫克/克、（34.73±0.861）毫克/克和（34.73±0.861）毫克/克显著增加了15.15%、19.73%和19.15%。861毫克/克）、19.54%（从60.3±2.227增至72.08±1.617毫克/克）、30.45%（从190.1±4.56增至247.98±11.652微克/克）和73.05%（从3.08±0.157增至5.33±0.462微克/克）。此外，我们还发现了 15 个提高枸杞生长、产量和植物化学物质含量的潜在候选基因。我们的研究结果为秋水仙碱在黄花萱草中的生物积累提供了支持，也为利用生物技术辅助生产这种重要的营养保健品提供了宝贵的资源。
{"title":"Salicylic acid modulates secondary metabolism and enhanced colchicine accumulation in long yellow daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)","authors":"Yeminzi Miao, Hanmei Li, Junjie Pan, Binxiong Zhou, Tianjun He, Yanxun Wu, Dayun Zhou, Weimin He, Limin Chen","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential phytoregulator that is widely used to promote the synthesis of high-value nutraceuticals in plants. However, its application in daylily, an ornamental plant highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the exogenous SA-induced physiological, transcriptional, and biochemical changes in long yellow daylily (LYD). We found that 2 mg/L foliar SA treatment significantly improved LYD plant growth and yield. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and tyrosine metabolism were significantly induced in SA-treated leaves. Many transcription factors and antioxidant system-related DEGs were induced under the SA treatment. Biochemical analyses showed that the leaf contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (Cpr), ascorbic acid (AsA), and colchicine were significantly increased by 15.15% (from 30.16±1.301 to 34.73±0.861 mg/g), 19.54% (from 60.3±2.227 to 72.08±1.617 mg/g), 30.45% (from 190.1±4.56 to 247.98±11.652 μg/g), and 73.05% (from 3.08±0.157 to 5.33±0.462 μg/g), respectively, under the SA treatment. Furthermore, we identified 15 potential candidate genes for enhancing the growth, production, and phytochemical content of LYD. Our results provide support for the bioaccumulation of colchicine in yellow daylily and valuable resources for biotechnological-assisted production of this important nutraceutical in Hemerocallis spp.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptation or acclimation to local temperature regimes has often been used as a proxy for predicting how plant populations will respond to impending novel conditions driven by human-caused climate change. To understand how plants may successfully respond to increasing air temperatures (extreme and moderate) in the future, we explored how temperature tolerance traits differ in populations of Solanum carolinense from northern (MN) and southern (TX) regions of the continental United States in a two-experiment study. In the first experiment, we compared the heat and cold tolerance in vegetative (sporophyte) and reproductive (male gametophyte) traits. In the second experiment, we studied if long-term heat influences plant development by examining how development in moderate heat affected reproductive structures and reproductive success. We found that temperature-sensitivity differed between southern populations, which regularly experience extreme heat, and northern populations that do not. In contrast to our expectations, northern populations appeared more heat-tolerant than southern populations for vegetative traits such as chlorophyll stability and reproductive traits such as pollen germination. Our results are consistent with a heat-avoidance, rather than tolerance mechanism to mitigate extreme heat during pollen germination. In the second experiment, plants developing under the moderate heat treatment had significantly smaller reproductive structures and reduced seed production (27% fewer seeds on average than in the control treatment). Reproductive structures that developed in moderate heat were also reduced in size, particularly in the northern populations relative to populations from the south. We conclude that rising temperatures have the potential to incur substantial negative consequences for the reproductive success of individuals in this species and that some populations already mitigate stressful temperature conditions through phenotypic plasticity.
{"title":"Intraspecific variation in responses to extreme and moderate temperature stress in the wild species, Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae)","authors":"Emma K Chandler, Steven E Travers","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adaptation or acclimation to local temperature regimes has often been used as a proxy for predicting how plant populations will respond to impending novel conditions driven by human-caused climate change. To understand how plants may successfully respond to increasing air temperatures (extreme and moderate) in the future, we explored how temperature tolerance traits differ in populations of Solanum carolinense from northern (MN) and southern (TX) regions of the continental United States in a two-experiment study. In the first experiment, we compared the heat and cold tolerance in vegetative (sporophyte) and reproductive (male gametophyte) traits. In the second experiment, we studied if long-term heat influences plant development by examining how development in moderate heat affected reproductive structures and reproductive success. We found that temperature-sensitivity differed between southern populations, which regularly experience extreme heat, and northern populations that do not. In contrast to our expectations, northern populations appeared more heat-tolerant than southern populations for vegetative traits such as chlorophyll stability and reproductive traits such as pollen germination. Our results are consistent with a heat-avoidance, rather than tolerance mechanism to mitigate extreme heat during pollen germination. In the second experiment, plants developing under the moderate heat treatment had significantly smaller reproductive structures and reduced seed production (27% fewer seeds on average than in the control treatment). Reproductive structures that developed in moderate heat were also reduced in size, particularly in the northern populations relative to populations from the south. We conclude that rising temperatures have the potential to incur substantial negative consequences for the reproductive success of individuals in this species and that some populations already mitigate stressful temperature conditions through phenotypic plasticity.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of ecological stability continues to fill the pages of scientific journals almost seven decades after the first ecologists initiated this line of research. The many advances in this field have focused on understanding the stability of populations, communities or functions within single guilds or trophic levels, with less research conducted across multiple trophic levels and considering the different interactions that relate species to each other. Here, we review the recent literature on the multiple dimensions of ecological stability specifically within plant-pollinator communities. We then focus on one of stability´s dimensions, temporal invariability, and adapt an existing partitioning framework that bridges invariability and synchrony measures across spatial scales and organizational levels to accommodate interactions between plants and their pollinators. Finally, we use this framework to analyze temporal invariability in plant reproductive success, partitioning it on invariability and synchrony components across plant and pollinator populations and communities, as well as their interactions, using a well-resolved dataset that encompasses data for two years. Our review of the literature points to several significant gaps in our current knowledge, with simulation studies clearly overrepresented in the literature as opposed to experimental or empirical approaches. Our quantitative approach to partitioning invariability shows similar patterns of decreasing temporal invariability across increasing organizational levels driven by asynchronous dynamics amongst populations and communities, which overall stabilize ecosystem functioning (plant reproductive success). This study represents a first step towards a better comprehension of temporal invariability in ecosystem functions defined by interactions between species and provides a blueprint for the type of spatially replicated multi-year data that needs to be collected in the future to further our understanding of ecological stability within multi-trophic communities.
{"title":"Stability in plant-pollinator communities across organizational levels: present, gaps, and future","authors":"Ainhoa Magrach, Daniel Montoya","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study of ecological stability continues to fill the pages of scientific journals almost seven decades after the first ecologists initiated this line of research. The many advances in this field have focused on understanding the stability of populations, communities or functions within single guilds or trophic levels, with less research conducted across multiple trophic levels and considering the different interactions that relate species to each other. Here, we review the recent literature on the multiple dimensions of ecological stability specifically within plant-pollinator communities. We then focus on one of stability´s dimensions, temporal invariability, and adapt an existing partitioning framework that bridges invariability and synchrony measures across spatial scales and organizational levels to accommodate interactions between plants and their pollinators. Finally, we use this framework to analyze temporal invariability in plant reproductive success, partitioning it on invariability and synchrony components across plant and pollinator populations and communities, as well as their interactions, using a well-resolved dataset that encompasses data for two years. Our review of the literature points to several significant gaps in our current knowledge, with simulation studies clearly overrepresented in the literature as opposed to experimental or empirical approaches. Our quantitative approach to partitioning invariability shows similar patterns of decreasing temporal invariability across increasing organizational levels driven by asynchronous dynamics amongst populations and communities, which overall stabilize ecosystem functioning (plant reproductive success). This study represents a first step towards a better comprehension of temporal invariability in ecosystem functions defined by interactions between species and provides a blueprint for the type of spatially replicated multi-year data that needs to be collected in the future to further our understanding of ecological stability within multi-trophic communities.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land-use change and tourism development have seriously threatened the ecosystems of coastal protection forests and beaches. Light and nutrients are spatially heterogeneously distributed between the two ecosystems. Clonal plants, such as Calystegia soldanella, which play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of coast habitats, are likely to encounter diverse environments. In this study, we investigated clonal integration and the division of labor in C. soldanella under heterogeneous (high nutrient and low light [HNLL]; low nutrient and high light [LNHL]) and homogeneous habitats. We cultivated pairs of connected and severed ramets of C. soldanella in these environments. Our results showed the total biomass (TB) of connected ramets was higher than that of severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, suggesting clonal integration enhances growth in heterogeneous habitats. The root shoot ratio was significantly lower in HNLL than in LNHL conditions for connected ramets, demonstrating a division of labor in growth under heterogeneous conditions. However, parameters of clonal propagation of C. soldanella did not significantly differ between connected and severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, indicating no division of labor in clonal propagation. In homogeneous environments, the growth of C. soldanella did not benefit from clonal integration. Connected ramets in heterogeneous habitats exhibited higher TB than in homogeneous habitats. The TB of one ramet in HNLL was consistently higher than that in LNHL, irrespective of ramet’s states, which suggests that high soil nutrients may enhance the growth. We conclude that C. soldanella has the capability of clonal integration to achieve high biomass in heterogeneous but not in homogeneous conditions, and the establishment of coastal protection forests (high nutrient and low light) may foster the growth of C. soldanella.
{"title":"Clonal integration benefits Calystegia soldanella in heterogeneous habitats","authors":"Mingyan Li, Si-Yu Jiang, Tong Wang, Hui Wang, Lijun Xing, Haimei Li, Yingkun Sun, Xiao Guo","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Land-use change and tourism development have seriously threatened the ecosystems of coastal protection forests and beaches. Light and nutrients are spatially heterogeneously distributed between the two ecosystems. Clonal plants, such as Calystegia soldanella, which play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of coast habitats, are likely to encounter diverse environments. In this study, we investigated clonal integration and the division of labor in C. soldanella under heterogeneous (high nutrient and low light [HNLL]; low nutrient and high light [LNHL]) and homogeneous habitats. We cultivated pairs of connected and severed ramets of C. soldanella in these environments. Our results showed the total biomass (TB) of connected ramets was higher than that of severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, suggesting clonal integration enhances growth in heterogeneous habitats. The root shoot ratio was significantly lower in HNLL than in LNHL conditions for connected ramets, demonstrating a division of labor in growth under heterogeneous conditions. However, parameters of clonal propagation of C. soldanella did not significantly differ between connected and severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, indicating no division of labor in clonal propagation. In homogeneous environments, the growth of C. soldanella did not benefit from clonal integration. Connected ramets in heterogeneous habitats exhibited higher TB than in homogeneous habitats. The TB of one ramet in HNLL was consistently higher than that in LNHL, irrespective of ramet’s states, which suggests that high soil nutrients may enhance the growth. We conclude that C. soldanella has the capability of clonal integration to achieve high biomass in heterogeneous but not in homogeneous conditions, and the establishment of coastal protection forests (high nutrient and low light) may foster the growth of C. soldanella.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：