Luciano Navarini, Davide Scaglione, Lorenzo Del Terra, Simone Scalabrin, Lopes Mavuque, Luca Turello, Rafael Nguenha, Gianluca Luongo
Mozambique does not have a tradition of farming Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora, the two species that dominate the worldwide coffee market. However, native coffee plants have been growing spontaneously and in some cases cultivated in the Ibo and Quirimba islands in the north of the country and Inhambane province in the south. Historically there has been confusion over the precise taxonomic classification of these indigenous coffee plants, with different botanists identifying the species as C. racemosa, C. zanguebariae or various synonyms of both. The present research aims at clarifying the subject and provide new information on these little-described coffee species which may prove valuable as new breeding material for future cultivars, something that is sorely needed to face the present and future challenges of coffee production. Leaf samples were collected from 40 accessions from Ibo Island, Quirimba Island and Inhambane province. The samples were sequenced by whole-genome technology and WGS reads were filtered to identify relevant SNP variants. Diversity among the samples was assessed by PCA, and a phylogenetic tree including several Coffea species was built using additional data available in public databases. Experimental data confirm the presence of C. zanguebariae as the only coffee species present in both Ibo and Quirimba Islands, while it appears that C. racemosa is exclusive to the southern Inhambane province. The present research provides the most detailed analysis so far on the genetic identity of the traditional Mozambican coffee crops. This is the prerequisite for undertaking further scientific studies on these almost unknown coffee species and for starting agronomic development programs for the economic revival on Ibo and Quirimba islands based on coffee cultivation. Furthermore, these species could provide much-needed genetic material for the breeding of new hybrids with the two main commercial coffee species.
莫桑比克没有种植阿拉比卡咖啡豆或卡奈波拉咖啡豆的传统，而这两种咖啡豆在全球咖啡市场上占据主导地位。不过，在莫桑比克北部的伊博岛和基林巴岛以及南部的伊尼扬巴内省，本地咖啡植物一直在自发生长，有时还进行栽培。一直以来，人们对这些本土咖啡植物的准确分类方法存在混淆，不同的植物学家将这些物种分为 C. racemosa、C. zanguebariae 或两者的不同同义词。本研究旨在澄清这一问题，并提供关于这些鲜有描述的咖啡物种的新信息，这些信息可能被证明是未来栽培品种的新育种材料，而这正是应对当前和未来咖啡生产挑战所急需的。研究人员从伊博岛、基林巴岛和伊尼扬巴内省的 40 个品种中采集了叶片样本。采用全基因组技术对样本进行测序，并对 WGS 读数进行筛选，以确定相关的 SNP 变异。通过 PCA 评估了样本间的多样性，并利用公共数据库中的其他数据构建了一棵包括多个咖啡树种的系统发生树。实验数据证实，C. zanguebariae是伊博岛和基林巴岛唯一的咖啡物种，而C. racemosa似乎是伊尼扬巴内省南部独有的物种。本研究对莫桑比克传统咖啡作物的遗传特性进行了迄今为止最详细的分析。这是对这些几乎不为人知的咖啡物种开展进一步科学研究的先决条件，也是在伊博岛和基林巴岛咖啡种植的基础上启动农艺发展计划以实现经济复兴的先决条件。此外，这些物种还能为培育与两种主要商业咖啡物种的新杂交种提供急需的遗传材料。
{"title":"Mozambican Coffea accessions from Ibo and Quirimba Islands: identification and geographical distribution","authors":"Luciano Navarini, Davide Scaglione, Lorenzo Del Terra, Simone Scalabrin, Lopes Mavuque, Luca Turello, Rafael Nguenha, Gianluca Luongo","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae004","url":null,"abstract":"Mozambique does not have a tradition of farming Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora, the two species that dominate the worldwide coffee market. However, native coffee plants have been growing spontaneously and in some cases cultivated in the Ibo and Quirimba islands in the north of the country and Inhambane province in the south. Historically there has been confusion over the precise taxonomic classification of these indigenous coffee plants, with different botanists identifying the species as C. racemosa, C. zanguebariae or various synonyms of both. The present research aims at clarifying the subject and provide new information on these little-described coffee species which may prove valuable as new breeding material for future cultivars, something that is sorely needed to face the present and future challenges of coffee production. Leaf samples were collected from 40 accessions from Ibo Island, Quirimba Island and Inhambane province. The samples were sequenced by whole-genome technology and WGS reads were filtered to identify relevant SNP variants. Diversity among the samples was assessed by PCA, and a phylogenetic tree including several Coffea species was built using additional data available in public databases. Experimental data confirm the presence of C. zanguebariae as the only coffee species present in both Ibo and Quirimba Islands, while it appears that C. racemosa is exclusive to the southern Inhambane province. The present research provides the most detailed analysis so far on the genetic identity of the traditional Mozambican coffee crops. This is the prerequisite for undertaking further scientific studies on these almost unknown coffee species and for starting agronomic development programs for the economic revival on Ibo and Quirimba islands based on coffee cultivation. Furthermore, these species could provide much-needed genetic material for the breeding of new hybrids with the two main commercial coffee species.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana S Medeiros, Jean H Burns, Callie Dowrey, Fiona Duong, Sarah Speroff
Summary Rationale Plant resource strategies negotiate a trade-off between fast growth and stress resistance, characterized by specific leaf area (SLA). How SLA relates to leaf structure and function, or plant climate associations remains open for debate, and leaf habit and plant architecture may alter the costs versus benefits of individual traits. Methods We used Phylogenetic Canonical Correspondence analysis and Phylogenetic Least Squares to understand the relationship of anatomy and gas exchange to published data on root, wood, architectural and leaf economics traits, and climate. Key results Leaf anatomy was structured by leaf habit and carbon to nitrogen ratio was a better predictor of gas exchange than SLA. We found significant correspondence of leaf anatomy with branch architecture and wood traits, gas exchange corresponded with climate, while leaf economics corresponded with climate, architecture, wood, and root traits. Species from the most seasonal climates had the highest trait-climate correspondence, and different aspects of economics and anatomy reflected leaf carbon uptake versus water use. Main conclusion Our study using phylogenetic comparative methods including plant architecture and leaf habit provides insight into the mechanism of whole-plant functional coordination and contextualizes individual traits in relation to climate, demonstrating the evolutionary and ecological relevance of trait-trait correlations within a genus with high biodiversity.
{"title":"Leaf habit and plant architecture integrate whole-plant economics and contextualize trait-climate associations within ecologically diverse genus Rhododendron","authors":"Juliana S Medeiros, Jean H Burns, Callie Dowrey, Fiona Duong, Sarah Speroff","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Rationale Plant resource strategies negotiate a trade-off between fast growth and stress resistance, characterized by specific leaf area (SLA). How SLA relates to leaf structure and function, or plant climate associations remains open for debate, and leaf habit and plant architecture may alter the costs versus benefits of individual traits. Methods We used Phylogenetic Canonical Correspondence analysis and Phylogenetic Least Squares to understand the relationship of anatomy and gas exchange to published data on root, wood, architectural and leaf economics traits, and climate. Key results Leaf anatomy was structured by leaf habit and carbon to nitrogen ratio was a better predictor of gas exchange than SLA. We found significant correspondence of leaf anatomy with branch architecture and wood traits, gas exchange corresponded with climate, while leaf economics corresponded with climate, architecture, wood, and root traits. Species from the most seasonal climates had the highest trait-climate correspondence, and different aspects of economics and anatomy reflected leaf carbon uptake versus water use. Main conclusion Our study using phylogenetic comparative methods including plant architecture and leaf habit provides insight into the mechanism of whole-plant functional coordination and contextualizes individual traits in relation to climate, demonstrating the evolutionary and ecological relevance of trait-trait correlations within a genus with high biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gbenga F Akomolafe, Rusly Rosazlina, Bernard Omomoh
The assessment of seed banks could provide useful hints towards ensuring restoration planning and invasive species management. In this study, the impacts of two invaders, Hyptis suaveolens and Urena lobata on the soil seed banks were investigated. We also assessed the seed characteristics of the invaders at the invaded sites. This was achieved using 10 sites each for H. suaveolens, U. lobata invaded habitats and non-invaded habitats making a total of 30 sites. We collected 200 soil samples in each habitat type. A seedling emergence method was used to determine the seed bank recruitment of both invasive plants. The diversity indices of the above-ground vegetation of sites invaded by the two plants were significantly lower than those of the non-invaded sites. Only two plant species emerged from the seed banks of H. suaveolens and five plants from those of U. lobata as compared with non-invaded sites where 53 species emerged. A larger portion of the seeds was located in the soil's lower layer at all the sites invaded by H. suaveolens while those of U. lobata and non-invaded sites were found in the upper layers and there are significant associations between the habitats . The lower soil layers of the two species have the highest percentage of viable seeds. These results help to understand more about the invasiveness of both species as related to their impacts on the seed banks and native vegetation. It also indicates that the native species that emerged from the invaded seed banks could be used for the restoration of the invaded habitats.
对种子库的评估可为确保恢复规划和入侵物种管理提供有用的提示。在这项研究中，我们调查了两种入侵者（Hyptis suaveolens 和 Urena lobata）对土壤种子库的影响。我们还评估了入侵者在入侵地点的种子特征。我们在 H. suaveolens、U. lobata 入侵栖息地和非入侵栖息地各选择了 10 个地点，共 30 个地点进行了评估。我们在每种生境类型中采集了 200 份土壤样本。我们采用出苗法来确定两种入侵植物种子库的吸收情况。被这两种植物入侵的地点的地上植被多样性指数明显低于未被入侵的地点。在 H. suaveolens 和 U. lobata 的种子库中，分别只有两种植物和五种植物出现，而在未受入侵的地点，则有 53 种植物出现。在 H. suaveolens 入侵的所有地点，大部分种子位于土壤下层，而 U. lobata 和未被入侵地点的种子则位于上层，栖息地之间存在显著关联。这两个物种的种子在下层土壤中的存活率最高。这些结果有助于进一步了解这两个物种的入侵性及其对种子库和本地植被的影响。这也表明，从被入侵种子库中萌发的本地物种可用于恢复被入侵的栖息地。
{"title":"Soil Seed Bank Dynamics of Two Invasive Alien Plants in Nigeria: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration","authors":"Gbenga F Akomolafe, Rusly Rosazlina, Bernard Omomoh","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae003","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of seed banks could provide useful hints towards ensuring restoration planning and invasive species management. In this study, the impacts of two invaders, Hyptis suaveolens and Urena lobata on the soil seed banks were investigated. We also assessed the seed characteristics of the invaders at the invaded sites. This was achieved using 10 sites each for H. suaveolens, U. lobata invaded habitats and non-invaded habitats making a total of 30 sites. We collected 200 soil samples in each habitat type. A seedling emergence method was used to determine the seed bank recruitment of both invasive plants. The diversity indices of the above-ground vegetation of sites invaded by the two plants were significantly lower than those of the non-invaded sites. Only two plant species emerged from the seed banks of H. suaveolens and five plants from those of U. lobata as compared with non-invaded sites where 53 species emerged. A larger portion of the seeds was located in the soil's lower layer at all the sites invaded by H. suaveolens while those of U. lobata and non-invaded sites were found in the upper layers and there are significant associations between the habitats . The lower soil layers of the two species have the highest percentage of viable seeds. These results help to understand more about the invasiveness of both species as related to their impacts on the seed banks and native vegetation. It also indicates that the native species that emerged from the invaded seed banks could be used for the restoration of the invaded habitats.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shristhi Nepal, Judith Trunschke, Zong-Xin Ren, Kevin S Burgess, Hong Wang
The effect of floral traits, floral rewards and plant water availability on plant-pollinator interactions are well-documented; however, empirical evidence of their impact on flowering phenology in high-elevation meadows remains scarce. In this study, we assessed three levels of flowering phenology, i.e., population-, individual- and flower-level (floral longevity), in two nearby but contrasting (wet versus dry) sub-alpine meadows on Yulong Snow Mountain, southwestern China. We also measured a series of floral traits (pollen number, ovule number, and the ratio of pollen to ovule number per flower, i.e., pollen:ovule ratio [P/O]) and floral rewards (nectar availability and pollen presentation) as plausible additional sources of variation for each phenological level. Floral longevity in the wet meadow was significantly longer than that for the dry meadow, whereas population and individual flowering duration were significantly shorter. Our results showed a significant positive relationship between flowering phenology with pollen number and P/O per flower; there was no relationship with ovule number per flower. Further, we found a significant effect of flowering phenology on nectar availability and pollen presentation. Our findings suggest that shorter floral longevity in dry habitats compared to wet might be due to water-dependent maintenance costs of flowers, where the population- and individual-level flowering phenology may be less affected by habitats. Our study shows how different levels of flowering phenology underscore the plausible effects of contrasting habitats on reproductive success.
{"title":"Flowering phenology differs among wet and dry sub-alpine meadows in southwestern China","authors":"Shristhi Nepal, Judith Trunschke, Zong-Xin Ren, Kevin S Burgess, Hong Wang","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae002","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of floral traits, floral rewards and plant water availability on plant-pollinator interactions are well-documented; however, empirical evidence of their impact on flowering phenology in high-elevation meadows remains scarce. In this study, we assessed three levels of flowering phenology, i.e., population-, individual- and flower-level (floral longevity), in two nearby but contrasting (wet versus dry) sub-alpine meadows on Yulong Snow Mountain, southwestern China. We also measured a series of floral traits (pollen number, ovule number, and the ratio of pollen to ovule number per flower, i.e., pollen:ovule ratio [P/O]) and floral rewards (nectar availability and pollen presentation) as plausible additional sources of variation for each phenological level. Floral longevity in the wet meadow was significantly longer than that for the dry meadow, whereas population and individual flowering duration were significantly shorter. Our results showed a significant positive relationship between flowering phenology with pollen number and P/O per flower; there was no relationship with ovule number per flower. Further, we found a significant effect of flowering phenology on nectar availability and pollen presentation. Our findings suggest that shorter floral longevity in dry habitats compared to wet might be due to water-dependent maintenance costs of flowers, where the population- and individual-level flowering phenology may be less affected by habitats. Our study shows how different levels of flowering phenology underscore the plausible effects of contrasting habitats on reproductive success.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awapa Jirabanjongjit, Paweena Traiperm, Chakkrapong Rattanamanee, Alyssa B Stewart
Argyreia versicolor (Kerr) Staples & Traiperm and A. mekongensis Gagnep. & Courchet are extremely rare plant species. The former had not been seen for nearly 100 years, until two individuals were found in Thailand in 2018, and only a handful of populations are known for the latter. The aims of this study were to examine the breeding systems of A. versicolor and A. mekongensis using pollination experiments and to determine their potential pollinators via floral observations. Our controlled pollination experiments uncovered the self-incompatibility of both species. Pollinator censuses indicated that females of two carpenter bee species, Xylocopa aestuans and X. latipes, were the predominant floral visitors for both Argyreia species. Our observations confirmed a harmonious match between the floral shape of both Argyreia species and the body sizes of these pollinators, ensuring effective pollen transfer and validating their role as putative pollinators. In line with the high frequency of pollinator visits observed, our controlled pollination experiments found no evidence of pollen limitation under field conditions. The findings of this study hold significance for the conservation of these endangered species, yet the situation is dire for A. versicolor, with one of the two individuals under study recently lost. Hence, it is crucial to intensify monitoring efforts for the species, aiming to identify additional individuals for potential inclusion in an ex-situ conservation program. Simultaneously, safeguarding the habitat of these plant species and their pollinators will be critical.
{"title":"Near extinct Argyreia versicolor and rare Argyreia mekongensis are dependent on carpenter bee pollinators","authors":"Awapa Jirabanjongjit, Paweena Traiperm, Chakkrapong Rattanamanee, Alyssa B Stewart","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae001","url":null,"abstract":"Argyreia versicolor (Kerr) Staples & Traiperm and A. mekongensis Gagnep. & Courchet are extremely rare plant species. The former had not been seen for nearly 100 years, until two individuals were found in Thailand in 2018, and only a handful of populations are known for the latter. The aims of this study were to examine the breeding systems of A. versicolor and A. mekongensis using pollination experiments and to determine their potential pollinators via floral observations. Our controlled pollination experiments uncovered the self-incompatibility of both species. Pollinator censuses indicated that females of two carpenter bee species, Xylocopa aestuans and X. latipes, were the predominant floral visitors for both Argyreia species. Our observations confirmed a harmonious match between the floral shape of both Argyreia species and the body sizes of these pollinators, ensuring effective pollen transfer and validating their role as putative pollinators. In line with the high frequency of pollinator visits observed, our controlled pollination experiments found no evidence of pollen limitation under field conditions. The findings of this study hold significance for the conservation of these endangered species, yet the situation is dire for A. versicolor, with one of the two individuals under study recently lost. Hence, it is crucial to intensify monitoring efforts for the species, aiming to identify additional individuals for potential inclusion in an ex-situ conservation program. Simultaneously, safeguarding the habitat of these plant species and their pollinators will be critical.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés González-Melo, Juan Manuel Posada, Jacques Beauchêne, Romain Lehnebach, Sébastian Levionnois, Géraldine Derroire, Bruno Clair
One foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that traits can predict species demography. However, the links between traits and demographic rates are, in general, not as strong as expected. These weak associations may be due to the use of traits that are distantly related to performance, and/or the lack of consideration of size-related variations in both traits and demographic rates. Here, we examined how wood traits were related to demographic rates in 19 tree species from a lowland forest in eastern Amazonia. We measured eleven wood traits (i.e., structural, anatomical and chemical traits) in sapling, juvenile and adult wood; and related them to growth and mortality rates at different ontogenetic stages. The links between wood traits and demographic rates changed during tree development. At the sapling stage, relative growth rates (RGR) were negatively related to wood specific gravity (WSG) and total parenchyma fractions, while mortality rates (MR) decreased with radial parenchyma fractions, but increased with vessel lumen area (VA). Juvenile RGR were unrelated to wood traits, whereas juvenile MR were negatively related to WSG and axial parenchyma fractions. At the adult stage, RGR scaled with VA and wood potassium concentrations. Adult MR were not predicted by any trait. Overall, the strength of the trait-demography associations decreased at later ontogenetic stages. Our results indicate that the associations between traits and demographic rates can change as trees age. Also, wood chemical or anatomical traits may be better predictors of growth and mortality rates than WSG. Our findings are important to expand our knowledge on tree life-history variations and community dynamics in tropical forests, by broadening our understanding on the links between wood traits and demography during tree development.
{"title":"The links between wood traits and species demography change during tree development in a lowland tropical rainforest","authors":"Andrés González-Melo, Juan Manuel Posada, Jacques Beauchêne, Romain Lehnebach, Sébastian Levionnois, Géraldine Derroire, Bruno Clair","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad090","url":null,"abstract":"One foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that traits can predict species demography. However, the links between traits and demographic rates are, in general, not as strong as expected. These weak associations may be due to the use of traits that are distantly related to performance, and/or the lack of consideration of size-related variations in both traits and demographic rates. Here, we examined how wood traits were related to demographic rates in 19 tree species from a lowland forest in eastern Amazonia. We measured eleven wood traits (i.e., structural, anatomical and chemical traits) in sapling, juvenile and adult wood; and related them to growth and mortality rates at different ontogenetic stages. The links between wood traits and demographic rates changed during tree development. At the sapling stage, relative growth rates (RGR) were negatively related to wood specific gravity (WSG) and total parenchyma fractions, while mortality rates (MR) decreased with radial parenchyma fractions, but increased with vessel lumen area (VA). Juvenile RGR were unrelated to wood traits, whereas juvenile MR were negatively related to WSG and axial parenchyma fractions. At the adult stage, RGR scaled with VA and wood potassium concentrations. Adult MR were not predicted by any trait. Overall, the strength of the trait-demography associations decreased at later ontogenetic stages. Our results indicate that the associations between traits and demographic rates can change as trees age. Also, wood chemical or anatomical traits may be better predictors of growth and mortality rates than WSG. Our findings are important to expand our knowledge on tree life-history variations and community dynamics in tropical forests, by broadening our understanding on the links between wood traits and demography during tree development.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize may be exposed to several abiotic stresses in the field. Therefore, identifying the tolerance mechanisms of naturally field stress is mandatory. Gene expression data of maize upon abiotic stress were collected, and 560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through meta-analysis. The most significant gene ontology terms in up-regulated genes were “response to abiotic stress” and “chitinase activity”. “Phosphorelay signal transduction system” was the most significant enriched biological process in down-regulated DEGs. The co-expression analysis unveiled seven modules of DEGs, with a notable positive correlation between the modules and abiotic stress. Furthermore, the statistical significance was strikingly high for the turquoise, green, and yellow modules. The turquoise group played a central role in orchestrating crucial adaptations in metabolic and stress response pathways in maize when exposed to abiotic stress. Within three up-regulated modules, Zm.7361.1.A1_at, Zm.10386.1.A1_a_at, and Zm.10151.1.A1_at emerged as hub genes. These genes might introduce novel candidates implicated in stress tolerance mechanisms, warranting further comprehensive investigation and research. In parallel, the R package glmnet was applied to fit a logistic LASSO regression model on the DEGs profile to select candidate genes associated with abiotic responses in maize. The identified hub genes and LASSO regression genes were validated on an independent microarray dataset. Additionally, Differential Gene Correlation Analysis (DGCA) was performed on LASSO and hub genes to investigate the gene-gene regulatory relationship. The p-value of DGCA of 16 pairwise gene comparisons was lower than 0.01, indicating a gene-gene significant change in correlation between control and abiotic stress. Integrated WGCNA and logistic LASSO analysis revealed Zm.11185.1.S1_at, Zm.2331.1.S1_x_at, and Zm.17003.1.S1_at. Notably, these three genes were identified in the 16 gene-pair comparisons. This finding highlights the notable significance of these genes in the abiotic stress response. Additional research into maize stress tolerance may focus on these three genes.
{"title":"Transcriptional survey of abiotic stress response in maize (Zea mays L.) in the level of gene co-expression network and differential gene correlation analysis","authors":"Leyla Nazari, Z. Zinati","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Maize may be exposed to several abiotic stresses in the field. Therefore, identifying the tolerance mechanisms of naturally field stress is mandatory. Gene expression data of maize upon abiotic stress were collected, and 560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through meta-analysis. The most significant gene ontology terms in up-regulated genes were “response to abiotic stress” and “chitinase activity”. “Phosphorelay signal transduction system” was the most significant enriched biological process in down-regulated DEGs. The co-expression analysis unveiled seven modules of DEGs, with a notable positive correlation between the modules and abiotic stress. Furthermore, the statistical significance was strikingly high for the turquoise, green, and yellow modules. The turquoise group played a central role in orchestrating crucial adaptations in metabolic and stress response pathways in maize when exposed to abiotic stress. Within three up-regulated modules, Zm.7361.1.A1_at, Zm.10386.1.A1_a_at, and Zm.10151.1.A1_at emerged as hub genes. These genes might introduce novel candidates implicated in stress tolerance mechanisms, warranting further comprehensive investigation and research. In parallel, the R package glmnet was applied to fit a logistic LASSO regression model on the DEGs profile to select candidate genes associated with abiotic responses in maize. The identified hub genes and LASSO regression genes were validated on an independent microarray dataset. Additionally, Differential Gene Correlation Analysis (DGCA) was performed on LASSO and hub genes to investigate the gene-gene regulatory relationship. The p-value of DGCA of 16 pairwise gene comparisons was lower than 0.01, indicating a gene-gene significant change in correlation between control and abiotic stress. Integrated WGCNA and logistic LASSO analysis revealed Zm.11185.1.S1_at, Zm.2331.1.S1_x_at, and Zm.17003.1.S1_at. Notably, these three genes were identified in the 16 gene-pair comparisons. This finding highlights the notable significance of these genes in the abiotic stress response. Additional research into maize stress tolerance may focus on these three genes.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybridization is commonly reported in angiosperms, generally based on morphology, and in few cases confirmed by molecular markers. Fuchsia has a long tradition on ornamental cultivars with different hybrids produced by artificial crosses, so natural hybridization between sympatric Fuchsia species could be common. Natural hybridization between F. microphylla and F. thymifolia was tested using six newly developed microsatellites for F. microphylla in addition to other molecular markers with codominant and maternal inheritance. Geometric morphometrics of leaves and floral structures were also used to identify putative hybrids. Hybrids showed a different degree of genetic admixture between both parental species. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences indicated that hybridization occurs in both directions, in fact, some of the hybrids showed new haplotypes for cpDNA and ITS (Internal Transcriber Spacer of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes) sequences. The morphology of hybrid individuals varied between the two parental species, but they could be better identified by their leaves and floral tube. Our study is the first to confirm the hybridization in natural populations of Fuchsia species and suggests that hybridization has probably occurred repeatedly throughout the entire distribution of the species. Phylogeographic analysis of both species will be essential to understand the impact of hybridization throughout their complete distribution.
在被子植物中，杂交是常见的报道，一般是基于形态学，很少有通过分子标记确认的情况。紫薇在观赏栽培品种方面有着悠久的传统，其不同的杂交种是通过人工杂交产生的，因此同域紫薇物种之间的自然杂交可能很常见。除了其他具有显性遗传和母系遗传的分子标记外，我们还利用新开发的六个微卫星对 F. microphylla 和 F. thymifolia 之间的自然杂交进行了测试。叶片和花结构的几何形态计量学也被用来鉴定可能的杂交种。杂交种与亲本之间表现出不同程度的遗传混杂。叶绿体 DNA（cpDNA）序列表明杂交是双向的，事实上，一些杂交种的 cpDNA 和 ITS（核核糖体 RNA 基因内部转录因子间隔）序列显示出新的单倍型。两个亲本之间的杂交个体形态各异，但可以通过叶片和花被管更好地识别。我们的研究首次证实了紫薇自然种群中的杂交，并表明杂交可能在该物种的整个分布区反复发生。对这两个物种进行系统地理学分析对于了解杂交对其整个分布区的影响至关重要。
{"title":"Molecular and morphological evidence of hybridization between two dimorphic sympatric species of Fuchsia (Onagraceae)","authors":"Cinthya Indira Cervantes-Díaz, Violeta Patiño-Conde, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Mauricio Quesada-Avendaño, Eduardo Cuevas","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hybridization is commonly reported in angiosperms, generally based on morphology, and in few cases confirmed by molecular markers. Fuchsia has a long tradition on ornamental cultivars with different hybrids produced by artificial crosses, so natural hybridization between sympatric Fuchsia species could be common.\u0000 Natural hybridization between F. microphylla and F. thymifolia was tested using six newly developed microsatellites for F. microphylla in addition to other molecular markers with codominant and maternal inheritance. Geometric morphometrics of leaves and floral structures were also used to identify putative hybrids.\u0000 Hybrids showed a different degree of genetic admixture between both parental species. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences indicated that hybridization occurs in both directions, in fact, some of the hybrids showed new haplotypes for cpDNA and ITS (Internal Transcriber Spacer of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes) sequences. The morphology of hybrid individuals varied between the two parental species, but they could be better identified by their leaves and floral tube.\u0000 Our study is the first to confirm the hybridization in natural populations of Fuchsia species and suggests that hybridization has probably occurred repeatedly throughout the entire distribution of the species. Phylogeographic analysis of both species will be essential to understand the impact of hybridization throughout their complete distribution.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In life, it is common for almost every kind of organism to interact with one another. In the human realm, such interactions are at the basis of joint actions, when two or more agents syntonise their actions to achieve a common goal. Shared intentionality is the theoretical construct referring to the suite of abilities that enable such coordinated and collaborative interactions. Shared intentionality is the theoretical construct referring to the suite of abilities that enable such coordinated and collaborative interactions. While shared intentionality has become an important concept in research on social cognition, there is controversy surrounding its evolutionary origins. An aspect still unexplored but promising to bring new insights into this open debate is the study of aneural organisms. To fill this gap, here we investigate whether climbing plants can act jointly to achieve a common goal, i.e., reaching the light. We examined Pisum Sativum plants growing intertwined when there is a need to climb but a potential support is not present in the environment. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of their movement revealed a coordinated and complementary behaviour. They tend to coordinate their movement in time and space to achieve a joint climbing. By deliberately extending the context in which a joint action takes place, we pay tribute to the complex nature of this social phenomenon. The next challenge for the field of joint action is to generate a perspective that links coordination mechanisms to an evolutionary framework across taxa.
{"title":"“United we stand, divided we fall”: Intertwining as evidence of joint actions in pea plants","authors":"Bianca Bonato, Qiuran Wang, Silvia Guerra, Valentina Simonetti, Maria Bulgheroni, Silvia Quaggiotti, Benedetto Ruperti, Umberto Castiello","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad088","url":null,"abstract":"In life, it is common for almost every kind of organism to interact with one another. In the human realm, such interactions are at the basis of joint actions, when two or more agents syntonise their actions to achieve a common goal. Shared intentionality is the theoretical construct referring to the suite of abilities that enable such coordinated and collaborative interactions. Shared intentionality is the theoretical construct referring to the suite of abilities that enable such coordinated and collaborative interactions. While shared intentionality has become an important concept in research on social cognition, there is controversy surrounding its evolutionary origins. An aspect still unexplored but promising to bring new insights into this open debate is the study of aneural organisms. To fill this gap, here we investigate whether climbing plants can act jointly to achieve a common goal, i.e., reaching the light. We examined Pisum Sativum plants growing intertwined when there is a need to climb but a potential support is not present in the environment. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of their movement revealed a coordinated and complementary behaviour. They tend to coordinate their movement in time and space to achieve a joint climbing. By deliberately extending the context in which a joint action takes place, we pay tribute to the complex nature of this social phenomenon. The next challenge for the field of joint action is to generate a perspective that links coordination mechanisms to an evolutionary framework across taxa.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Eynizadeh, Seid Zabihallah Ravari, Mohammad Moradi, Ali Dehghani, Hamid Dehghani
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual vegetable cultivated all over the world. It faces biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salinity, in arid and semiarid regions. Investigating the relationship between physiological and economic traits, such as fruit yield, under stress conditions is necessary to identify tolerant genotypes. This study was conducted to identify tolerant tomato families according to the relationship between several important physiological, morphological and phenological traits. Twenty S3 families were cultivated in a factorial experiment (factor1: families and factor2: normal conditions and salinity stress) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Twenty physiological, agronomic and fruit-quality-related traits were investigated. Analysis of variance was used to prove the existing effective genetic diversity. Genetic diversity and the relationships between traits were graphically shown using heatmap clustering. Finally, genetic parameters, such as Pearson’s correlation, trait stability index and heritability were used to calculate the mathematical value of families using the Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process. Families exhibited different behaviours under normal and stress conditions. The tolerant families responded physiologically to the salt stress. Therefore, they reduced both cell membrane degradation and photosynthesis disruption by increasing proline, lycopene, carotenoid and sugar content. Therefore, fewer reductions in morphological traits were observed in these families. The most important traits based on the selection strategy were lycopene content, K+/Na+ ratio, days to flowering and biological yield. In addition, three families, H4/T/30/1, H1/T/12/5 and H1/T/47/4, were selected as the most suitable alternatives to construct the breeding population of the next generation.
{"title":"Determining tolerant tomato genotypes to salt stress according to physiological and morphological manner","authors":"Peyman Eynizadeh, Seid Zabihallah Ravari, Mohammad Moradi, Ali Dehghani, Hamid Dehghani","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad037","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual vegetable cultivated all over the world. It faces biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salinity, in arid and semiarid regions. Investigating the relationship between physiological and economic traits, such as fruit yield, under stress conditions is necessary to identify tolerant genotypes. This study was conducted to identify tolerant tomato families according to the relationship between several important physiological, morphological and phenological traits. Twenty S3 families were cultivated in a factorial experiment (factor1: families and factor2: normal conditions and salinity stress) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Twenty physiological, agronomic and fruit-quality-related traits were investigated. Analysis of variance was used to prove the existing effective genetic diversity. Genetic diversity and the relationships between traits were graphically shown using heatmap clustering. Finally, genetic parameters, such as Pearson’s correlation, trait stability index and heritability were used to calculate the mathematical value of families using the Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process. Families exhibited different behaviours under normal and stress conditions. The tolerant families responded physiologically to the salt stress. Therefore, they reduced both cell membrane degradation and photosynthesis disruption by increasing proline, lycopene, carotenoid and sugar content. Therefore, fewer reductions in morphological traits were observed in these families. The most important traits based on the selection strategy were lycopene content, K+/Na+ ratio, days to flowering and biological yield. In addition, three families, H4/T/30/1, H1/T/12/5 and H1/T/47/4, were selected as the most suitable alternatives to construct the breeding population of the next generation.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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