Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research最新文献

英文中文

Performance-based transit subsidy allocation scheme to fulfill multiple policy criteria 基于绩效的公交补贴分配方案，以满足多个政策标准

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2247895

Performance-based subsidy allocation schemes are typically intended to satisfy a single policy goal (e.g. social welfare maximization) and often do not include objective approaches to quantifying bus service efficiency. This paper proposes a framework for network data envelopment analysis and introduces an innovative transit subsidy allocation scheme with a fixed budget that fulfills multiple policy criteria. The proposed basic scheme minimizes the maximum deviation from efficient allocation in proportion to the operating scales across all routes in a two-stage production system. Multiple policy criteria are then added to the basic scheme as additional goal components. The proposed scheme is evaluated by using an empirical dataset of 344 subsidized intercity bus routes collected from 20 Taiwanese bus operators. The results demonstrate that the subsidies allocated on the basis of the proposed scheme can satisfy the policy criteria incorporated into the scheme. The proposed modeling framework is flexible, and therefore, local governments can easily incorporate policy criteria into the scheme according to their own interests and needs.

基于绩效的补贴分配方案通常旨在满足单一政策目标（如社会福利最大化），通常不包括量化公交服务效率的客观方法。本文提出了一个网络数据包络分析框架，并介绍了一种创新的公交补贴分配方案，该方案预算固定，可满足多种政策标准。所提出的基本方案最大限度地减小了与两阶段生产系统中所有线路的运营规模成比例的有效分配的最大偏差。然后在基本方案中加入多个政策标准，作为额外的目标组成部分。通过使用从 20 家台湾巴士运营商处收集的 344 条受补贴城际巴士线路的经验数据集，对所提出的方案进行了评估。结果表明，根据建议方案分配的补贴能够满足方案中的政策标准。建议的建模框架非常灵活，因此地方政府可以根据自己的利益和需要轻松地将政策标准纳入该方案。

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引用次数: 0

What causes severe truck crashes on the flat and mountainous expressways? A comparative study in China 是什么导致卡车在平坦多山的高速公路上发生严重车祸？中国比较研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2254126

The severity of collisions involving heavy trucks exhibits a difference between the flat and mountainous expressways. Based on 1,175 records of truck crashes from 2015 to 2020 on two typical expressways in China, a heteroskedastic ordered probit model was applied to determine the significant factors among driver-vehicle-roadway-environment interactions and their marginal effects on the collision severity outcomes. The modeling results demonstrated that some variables (i.e. speeding and risky following behaviors of drivers, existence of curves and downgrades, adverse weather, etc.) are significant predictors of truck crashes on both flat and mountainous expressways. In contrast, some variables were significantly correlated with truck crashes on only the flat expressway (upgrade section) or the mountainous expressway (involvement of multiple vehicles, truck’s overloading status, nighttime period). The findings, taken collectively, may be valuable as a reference for drafting traffic rules and implementing technical solutions to ensure a safer traffic environment for heavy trucks on expressways.

涉及重型卡车的碰撞事故的严重程度在平坦高速公路和山区高速公路之间存在差异。基于 2015 年至 2020 年在中国两条典型高速公路上发生的 1175 起卡车碰撞记录，应用异方差有序 probit 模型确定了驾驶员-车辆-道路-环境交互作用中的重要因素及其对碰撞严重性结果的边际效应。建模结果表明，一些变量（即驾驶员的超速和危险跟车行为、弯道和下坡的存在、恶劣天气等）对卡车在平坦和多山高速公路上的碰撞具有显著的预测作用。与此相反，一些变量只与卡车在平坦高速公路（升级路段）或山区高速公路（涉及多辆车、卡车超载状态、夜间时段）上的碰撞事故有显著相关性。综合上述研究结果，我们认为这些研究结果对于制定交通规则和实施技术解决方案以确保重型卡车在高速公路上享有更安全的交通环境具有重要的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a pedestrian call extension and cancelation system at a signalized midblock crossing 在有信号的街区中间交叉路口的行人呼叫延长和取消系统的评估

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2254959

Unnecessary vehicular delay occurs at actuated signalized intersections during ‘ghost’ pedestrian intervals when a pedestrian activates the pushbutton then jaywalks. Safety issues arise when pedestrians remain in the crosswalk at the end of the Flashing Don’t Walk phase, and vehicles receive a circular green. A Pedestrian Call Extension and Cancelation System was evaluated at a signalized midblock crossing in Hillsboro, OR. Thermal sensors and controller logic were implemented to detect pedestrians and passively cancel or extend calls. A Case 1-after study was conducted to evaluate how vehicular delay and pedestrian behavior was impacted by the system. 1,649 observations Case 1 and 3,002 observations after system installation were recorded. Pedestrian delay did not change, but average vehicular stop time delay significantly decreased by 12 sec. 76 extensions occurred with 99.2% accuracy. Findings suggest that transportation agencies could improve driver waiting time and pedestrian safety by using dynamic passive pedestrian detection.

在 "幽灵 "行人间隔期间，当行人启动按钮然后乱穿马路时，就会在启用信号灯的交叉路口出现不必要的车辆延误。当行人在 "闪灯禁止通行 "阶段结束时仍留在人行横道上，而车辆获得环形绿灯时，就会出现安全问题。在俄勒冈州希尔斯伯勒的一个信号灯控制的中间街区交叉路口，对行人呼叫延长和取消系统进行了评估。采用热传感器和控制器逻辑来检测行人，并被动取消或延长呼叫。进行了案例 1 后研究，以评估该系统对车辆延误和行人行为的影响。共记录了 1649 次案例 1 观察和系统安装后的 3002 次观察。行人延迟时间没有变化，但车辆平均停车延迟时间显著减少了 12 秒。76 次延长时间的准确率为 99.2%。研究结果表明，交通机构可以通过使用动态被动行人检测来改善驾驶员等待时间和行人安全。

引用次数: 0

Improving bus arrival time predictors using only public transport API data 改进仅使用公共交通API数据的巴士到达时间预测

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2245994

Accurate prediction of bus arrival times can greatly benefit public transport users, allowing them to better plan their journeys in cities. The usual Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) estimators provided to citizens use all the information available to the bus service provider (vehicle position, traffic, etc.); in this paper we propose a procedure to improve these estimators that relies solely on historical ETA records provided by public transport councils through application programming interfaces (APIs). This improvement is achieved by means of a machine learning scheme that predicts and corrects the systematic errors of the available ETA estimators. Significant improvements in terms of error mean and standard deviation are achieved for the Madrid and Paris bus fleets. These robust results and the fact that the proposed scheme uses only historical and online information provided by APIs, without requiring the cooperation of the service provider, support the suitability of the proposed method for general public benefit applications toward the sustainability of cities.

准确预测公交车的到达时间对公共交通用户大有裨益，可以让他们更好地规划自己在城市中的行程。通常提供给市民的预计到达时间（ETA）估算器使用的是公交服务提供商可获得的所有信息（车辆位置、交通状况等）；在本文中，我们提出了一种改进这些估算器的程序，该程序仅依赖于公共交通委员会通过应用程序接口（API）提供的历史 ETA 记录。这种改进是通过一种机器学习方案来实现的，该方案可预测并纠正现有 ETA 估算器的系统误差。马德里和巴黎公交车队在误差平均值和标准偏差方面均有显著改善。这些稳健的结果，以及拟议方案仅使用由应用程序接口（API）提供的历史和在线信息，而无需服务提供商的合作这一事实，都证明了拟议方法适用于促进城市可持续发展的一般公益应用。

引用次数: 0

The development of automated driving in China: a comparison to Germany regarding the government policies, laws and regulations, and industries 自动驾驶在中国的发展:与德国在政府政策、法律法规和行业方面的比较

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2238467

Autonomous technologies have developed incrementally, especially in the car industry. Countries worldwide are giving impetus to developing automated driving (AD) and autonomous vehicles (AVs). China is used as an example of an innovative development model for autonomous driving that has significant practical implications for AD’s development in the global context. Germany also keeps its role as a global hub for the AVs industry, and it has released the most advanced AD laws. This research conducted a thorough comparison of related policies, regulations, and industries in China and Germany in an effort to support the development of AD in China. Further, AD’s advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats in China and Germany are discussed. It sought to identify any shortages of AD in China and find an efficient way to enhance AD cooperation between China and Germany. Based on the dissimilarity of the current status and the disparity in policies, a series of countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the Chinese AD are presented in this study.

自动驾驶技术是逐步发展起来的，尤其是在汽车行业。世界各国都在大力发展自动驾驶（AD）和自动驾驶汽车（AV）。中国是自动驾驶创新发展模式的典范，对全球自动驾驶的发展具有重要的现实意义。德国也保持着全球自动驾驶汽车产业中心的地位，并发布了最先进的自动驾驶汽车法律。本研究对中德两国的相关政策、法规和产业进行了深入比较，以期为中国的自动驾驶发展提供支持。此外，还讨论了中德两国在反倾销方面的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁。研究试图找出中国在反倾销方面的不足，并找到加强中德反倾销合作的有效途径。基于现状的差异和政策的不统一，本研究提出了一系列促进中国反倾销发展的对策和建议。

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引用次数: 0

Quantum computing to solve scenario-based stochastic time-dependent shortest path routing 用量子计算解决基于场景的随机时变最短路径路由问题

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2238461

Networks are inherently uncertain and require scenario-based approaches to handle variability. In stochastic and time-dependent networks, optimal solutions cannot always be found using deterministic algorithms. Furthermore, Stochastic Time Dependent Shortest Path problems are known to be NP-hard. Emerging Quantum Computing Methods are providing new ways to address these problems. In this paper, the STDSP problem is formulated as a Quadratic Constrained Binary Optimization Problem. We show that in the case of independent link costs, the size of the problem increases exponentially. Finally, we find that using the quantum solver provides a linear computational experience with respect to the size of the problem. The proposed solution has implications for stochastic networks across different contexts including communications, traffic, industrial operations, electricity, water, broader supply chains, and epidemiology.

网络本身具有不确定性，需要基于情景的方法来处理可变性。在随机和随时间变化的网络中，使用确定性算法不一定能找到最优解。此外，随机时变最短路径问题是众所周知的 NP 难问题。新兴的量子计算方法为解决这些问题提供了新的途径。本文将 STDSP 问题表述为二次约束二元优化问题。我们发现，在链路成本独立的情况下，问题的规模会呈指数级增长。最后，我们发现，使用量子求解器可提供与问题规模相关的线性计算体验。所提出的解决方案对通信、交通、工业运营、电力、水、更广泛的供应链和流行病学等不同领域的随机网络都有影响。

引用次数: 0

A fast simulated annealing heuristic for the multi-depot two-echelon vehicle routing problem with delivery options 具有交付选项的多货站双货柜车路由问题的快速模拟退火启发式

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2257923

We studied a variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) arising in last-mile distribution, called the multi-depot two-echelon vehicle routing problem with delivery options (MDTEVRP-DO). The MDTEVRP-DO involves two decision levels: (i) designing routes for a fleet of vehicles located in multiple depots to transport customer demands to a set of satellites and (ii) routing a fleet of vehicles from the satellites to serve the final customers. Nowadays, a relevant feature of the problem characterizing delivery services is that customers can collect their packages at pickup stations near their homes or workplaces. We designed an effectively simulated annealing (SA) heuristic for the problem. The new algorithm was extensively tested on benchmark instances from the literature, and its results were compared with those of start-of-the-art algorithms. The results show that the proposed SA obtains 30 out of the 36 best solutions for the MDTEVRP-DO benchmark instances. Moreover, its computation performance is superior to state-of-the-art algorithms for the MDTEVRP-DO.

我们研究了 "最后一英里配送 "中出现的车辆路由问题（VRP）的一种变体，即具有配送选项的多仓库双机群车辆路由问题（MDTEVRP-DO）。MDTEVRP-DO 涉及两个决策层面：(i) 为位于多个仓库的车队设计路线，将客户需求运送到一组卫星站点；(ii) 为从卫星站点出发的车队设计路线，为最终客户提供服务。如今，送货服务问题的一个相关特点是，客户可以在其住所或工作场所附近的取货站领取包裹。我们针对这一问题设计了一种有效的模拟退火（SA）启发式算法。我们在文献中的基准实例上对新算法进行了广泛测试，并将其结果与最先进算法的结果进行了比较。结果表明，在 MDTEVRP-DO 基准实例的 36 个最佳解中，所提出的 SA 获得了 30 个。此外，其计算性能也优于 MDTEVRP-DO 的最先进算法。

引用次数: 0

Identifying risky driving behavior: a field study using instrumented vehicles 识别危险驾驶行为：一项使用仪表车辆的实地研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2233782

Road crashes continue to be a leading cause of death globally, with most of these crashes reportedly occurring due to human factors. Traditional road safety assessment utilises geometric and traffic parameters that consider road design inadequacies and identify traffic conflicts. However, previous studies do not represent risky driving behavior and its influence on crash occurrence. Incorporating human factors into safety evaluation is crucial to enhance the prediction and subsequent prevention of unsafe events. This research establishes a methodology to identify risky driving behavior using driving performance measures. These measures are computed based on continuous driving profiles collected using instrumented vehicles from a sample set of drivers on an expressway and are compared with historical crash data. The results indicate the significance of driving performance measures in evaluating road safety. The performance measures find application in collision avoidance systems, assessing the road design quality, testing safety countermeasures and guide for policymakers..

在全球范围内，道路交通事故仍然是导致死亡的主要原因，据报道，这些交通事故大多是人为因素造成的。传统的道路安全评估利用几何参数和交通参数来考虑道路设计的不足并识别交通冲突。然而，以往的研究并没有体现危险驾驶行为及其对车祸发生的影响。将人为因素纳入安全评估对于加强不安全事件的预测和预防至关重要。本研究建立了一种利用驾驶性能指标识别危险驾驶行为的方法。这些指标是根据使用仪器收集的高速公路上驾驶员样本车辆的连续驾驶曲线计算得出的，并与历史碰撞数据进行了比较。结果表明了驾驶性能指标在道路安全评估中的重要性。这些性能指标可应用于避免碰撞系统、评估道路设计质量、测试安全对策以及为政策制定者提供指导。

引用次数: 0

Digital and social distractions’ impact on pedestrian road crossing behavior at signalized intersection crosswalks 数字和社交干扰对信号交叉口人行横道行人过马路行为的影响

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2233209

The study primarily seeks to investigate the behavioral attribution of distraction in pedestrian road crossing. A distraction-themed questionnaire survey was conducted across Kolkata city, India, to understand the contribution of distraction to near-misses and injuries. The survey response showed that among all reported respondents, 13.7% (61) encountered at least one near-miss and 4.5% (20) experienced at least one accident in the past. The video-based observational field study of 2,360 pedestrians revealed that 28.7% of the pedestrians were distracted while crossing the road. Pedestrians who text walked relatively slowly and 7.9% more likely to violate signal. Additionally, mobile phone talkers were observed to be 4.5% more likely to nearly hit/bump into another oncoming pedestrian. The present study constitutes vital information for planners and policymakers and plays a pivotal role in identifying critical intersections and developing countermeasures to minimize the impact or occurrence of pedestrian distraction and unsafe behavior.

这项研究的主要目的是调查行人过马路时分心的行为归因。研究人员在印度加尔各答市进行了一项以分心为主题的问卷调查，以了解分心对险些发生交通事故和伤害的影响。调查结果显示，在所有受访者中，13.7%（61 人）在过去至少发生过一次险情，4.5%（20 人）至少经历过一次事故。对 2360 名行人进行的基于视频的实地观察研究显示，28.7% 的行人在过马路时分心。发短信的行人行走速度相对较慢，违反信号灯的几率为 7.9%。此外，据观察，手机通话者几乎撞到/撞到另一位迎面而来的行人的可能性要高出 4.5%。本研究为规划者和政策制定者提供了重要信息，在确定关键交叉路口和制定对策以尽量减少行人分心和不安全行为的影响或发生方面发挥了关键作用。

引用次数: 0

How does tourism affect permanent residents’ travel preferences? The case of Rhodes, Greece 旅游业如何影响永久居民的出行偏好？希腊罗兹的案例

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2023.2234709

Tourism is a major source of income for many regions; however, its impacts on residents’ daily lives are significant, especially regarding their travel behavior. Local transportation infrastructure is challenged by large tourist flows, and thus residents need to adapt to the new environment by changing their usual habits, such as travel mode, frequency, destination etc. In this study, a multinomial logistic regression mode choice model is developed to capture tourism impacts on residents’ travel behavior, using data from the island of Rhodes, Greece. According to study findings, tourism has in fact an impact on residents’ travel mode preferences, as they tend to opt for more agile modes such as motorcycles, instead of cars, and adopt defensive driving during tourist seasons. This study can facilitate public transport operators, planners, and municipalities in tourist regions, to apply effective policies to mitigate negative impacts of tourism in local traffic conditions.

旅游业是许多地区的主要收入来源；然而，旅游业对居民日常生活的影响也很大，尤其是对他们的旅行行为。大量游客的涌入给当地的交通基础设施带来了挑战，因此居民需要通过改变自己的出行方式、频率、目的地等习惯来适应新的环境。本研究利用希腊罗得岛的数据，建立了多项式逻辑回归模式选择模型，以捕捉旅游业对居民出行行为的影响。研究结果表明，旅游业实际上对居民的出行方式偏好产生了影响，因为他们倾向于选择摩托车等更灵活的出行方式，而不是小汽车，并在旅游季节采取防御性驾驶。这项研究有助于旅游地区的公共交通运营商、规划者和市政当局采取有效政策，减轻旅游业对当地交通状况的负面影响。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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Transportation Letters-The International Journal of Transportation Research

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