KATARZYNA DZIKI-MICHALSKA, KATARZYNA TAJCHMAN, ŻANETA STEINER-BOGDASZEWSKA
Since the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was removed from the list of game animals and placed under strict protection, the number of these predators in Poland has increased significantly. As far as the preservation of biodiversity is concerned, this is a desirable phenomenon, but one should not lose sight of the increasingly frequent attacks of this large predator on livestock, companion animals, and even humans. The natural predation pressure by wolves on populations of various animal species often occurs on breeding farms. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze wolf attacks on farmed deer on the basis of data from the Research Station of the Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kosewo Górne. The documentation included corpse inspection reports prepared by a veterinarian and photographs showing wolf attacks. On that deer farm, wolves made eight attacks on fallow deer (Dama dama) between July and November 2018 and seven attacks on sika deer (Cervus nippon) between April and July 2019. In two years, a total of 51 animals (18 sika deer and 33 fallow deer) were killed. Wolves selected mostly hinds and fawns, which were most numerous, while stags accounted for a small percentage of victims, and most of them were young individuals up to 2 years of age. Wolves consumed their prey only partially, i.e. no more than 1 to 10 kg of the carcass. Excessive killing, although not very common, also occurs on other deer farms. Predators attack mainly juveniles. Methods used to protect the deer on the farm from wolf attacks were ineffective.
{"title":"Konflikt hodowca-drapieżca. Studium przypadku ataków wilków na jeleniowate fermowe","authors":"KATARZYNA DZIKI-MICHALSKA, KATARZYNA TAJCHMAN, ŻANETA STEINER-BOGDASZEWSKA","doi":"10.21521/mw.6824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6824","url":null,"abstract":"Since the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was removed from the list of game animals and placed under strict protection, the number of these predators in Poland has increased significantly. As far as the preservation of biodiversity is concerned, this is a desirable phenomenon, but one should not lose sight of the increasingly frequent attacks of this large predator on livestock, companion animals, and even humans. The natural predation pressure by wolves on populations of various animal species often occurs on breeding farms. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze wolf attacks on farmed deer on the basis of data from the Research Station of the Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kosewo Górne. The documentation included corpse inspection reports prepared by a veterinarian and photographs showing wolf attacks. On that deer farm, wolves made eight attacks on fallow deer (Dama dama) between July and November 2018 and seven attacks on sika deer (Cervus nippon) between April and July 2019. In two years, a total of 51 animals (18 sika deer and 33 fallow deer) were killed. Wolves selected mostly hinds and fawns, which were most numerous, while stags accounted for a small percentage of victims, and most of them were young individuals up to 2 years of age. Wolves consumed their prey only partially, i.e. no more than 1 to 10 kg of the carcass. Excessive killing, although not very common, also occurs on other deer farms. Predators attack mainly juveniles. Methods used to protect the deer on the farm from wolf attacks were ineffective.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neoplasm is the cause of a double disease of the body, i.e. with two faces (Janus disease), which means both the presence of cancer cells and the secondary disorders of the immune system function caused by them. The second possibility is a temporary decrease in immunity, caused by e.g. influenza, and revealing a neoplastic disease. Neoplasms are induced by both genetic and epigenetic factors (Fig. 1), giving different types of mono- and polyclonal metastases and cross-spreading (Fig. 2). Recently, exosomes have been ascribed an important role in the formation of metastases. They transfer information between normal and cancer cells by horizontal transfer and „teach” myeloid cells to move to the pre-metastatic niche and the metastatic deposit. In carcinogenesis, the main role is played by long-lived cancer stem cells, as well as differentiated cells after they have gained the ability to self-renew, as in stem cells. The paper also presents examples of neoplasms accompanied by a second, primary neoplasm in the same system or in the vicinity. Multiple primary malignances (MPM) associated with them have also been described. With the help of the so-called strange attractor, an attempt was made to describe the behavior of cancers in connection with the phenomenon of deterministic chaos based on the process of entropy. Distinguishing between chaotic and stochastic (random) systems is very difficult in biology.
{"title":"Neoplasms – biological phenomenon","authors":"J. Madej, Jakub Daniluk, P. Madej","doi":"10.21521/mw.6802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6802","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasm is the cause of a double disease of the body, i.e. with two faces (Janus disease), which means both the presence of cancer cells and the secondary disorders of the immune system function caused by them. The second possibility is a temporary decrease in immunity, caused by e.g. influenza, and revealing a neoplastic disease. Neoplasms are induced by both genetic and epigenetic factors (Fig. 1), giving different types of mono- and polyclonal metastases and cross-spreading (Fig. 2). Recently, exosomes have been ascribed an important role in the formation of metastases. They transfer information between normal and cancer cells by horizontal transfer and „teach” myeloid cells to move to the pre-metastatic niche and the metastatic deposit. In carcinogenesis, the main role is played by long-lived cancer stem cells, as well as differentiated cells after they have gained the ability to self-renew, as in stem cells. The paper also presents examples of neoplasms accompanied by a second, primary neoplasm in the same system or in the vicinity. Multiple primary malignances (MPM) associated with them have also been described. With the help of the so-called strange attractor, an attempt was made to describe the behavior of cancers in connection with the phenomenon of deterministic chaos based on the process of entropy. Distinguishing between chaotic and stochastic (random) systems is very difficult in biology.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68109720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Drozd, K. Szkucik, M. Ziomek, A. Najda, Przemysław Knysz, Zbigniew Bełkot
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using essential oils from marjoram and thyme to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in poultry meatballs. In the first stage, the values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 10 pathogenic bacteria were determined by serial two-fold dilution method. In the next stage, tests of the level of acceptance of smell and taste by the evaluation committee were carried out and the total number of microorganisms and the number of psychrotrophic microorganisms were determined in chicken fillet meatballs produced with the addition of essential oils of marjoram and thyme in the amount ensuring concentrations of: 0.1 mg/g, 0.5 mg/g and 1 mg/g. The control sample consisted of meatballs without the addition of essential oils. Microbiological tests were carried out on the day of making the meatballs and on the 3rd and 6th day of storage at +4°C. In the study of sensory characteristics, it was found that with the increase in the concentration of essential oil the acceptance of the smell and taste of meatballs significantly decreased. The studies of minimum inhibitory concentrations have shown that essential oils of marjoram and thyme have an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms, and their effectiveness depends on the concentration of the essential oil and the type of bacteria. The highest effectiveness of marjoram essential oil was shown in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Enteritidis, for which the MIC value was 0.625 mg/ml. The strongest inhibitory effect of thyme essential oil was found against the following bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Typhimurium, for which the MIC value was 0.039 mg/ml. The research showed that the addition of essential oils significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in the meatballs. Statistically, a lower total number of microorganisms than in the meatballs without the addition of essential oils was found after 6 days of storage of the balls with the addition of oils at a concentration of 1 mg/g. Essential oils from marjoram and thyme have an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms in poultry meatballs, and their effect depends on the type of oil and the concentration used. However, the use of essential oils in high concentration results in the lack of acceptance of the smell and taste.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of marjoram and thyme essential oils in poultry meatballs","authors":"Łukasz Drozd, K. Szkucik, M. Ziomek, A. Najda, Przemysław Knysz, Zbigniew Bełkot","doi":"10.21521/mw.6810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6810","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using essential oils from marjoram and thyme to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in poultry meatballs. In the first stage, the values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 10 pathogenic bacteria were determined by serial two-fold dilution method. In the next stage, tests of the level of acceptance of smell and taste by the evaluation committee were carried out and the total number of microorganisms and the number of psychrotrophic microorganisms were determined in chicken fillet meatballs produced with the addition of essential oils of marjoram and thyme in the amount ensuring concentrations of: 0.1 mg/g, 0.5 mg/g and 1 mg/g. The control sample consisted of meatballs without the addition of essential oils. Microbiological tests were carried out on the day of making the meatballs and on the 3rd and 6th day of storage at +4°C. In the study of sensory characteristics, it was found that with the increase in the concentration of essential oil the acceptance of the smell and taste of meatballs significantly decreased. The studies of minimum inhibitory concentrations have shown that essential oils of marjoram and thyme have an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms, and their effectiveness depends on the concentration of the essential oil and the type of bacteria. The highest effectiveness of marjoram essential oil was shown in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Enteritidis, for which the MIC value was 0.625 mg/ml. The strongest inhibitory effect of thyme essential oil was found against the following bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Typhimurium, for which the MIC value was 0.039 mg/ml. The research showed that the addition of essential oils significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in the meatballs. Statistically, a lower total number of microorganisms than in the meatballs without the addition of essential oils was found after 6 days of storage of the balls with the addition of oils at a concentration of 1 mg/g. Essential oils from marjoram and thyme have an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms in poultry meatballs, and their effect depends on the type of oil and the concentration used. However, the use of essential oils in high concentration results in the lack of acceptance of the smell and taste.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68110019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Czepiel-Mil, P. Listos, R. Stryjecki, D. Kowalczyk-Pecka, M. Nieoczym
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used both in medicine and veterinary medicine. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of diclofenac calcium, the active ingredient of a medicine called diclofenac, on the development rate and survivorship of the fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Diclofenac was used at three concentrations: it was mixed with pork meat in proportions 25 mg of the drug 23 g of meat (dose 1), 50 mg/23 g (dose 2) and 75 mg/23 g (dose 3). To compare the results, a control sample was used (23 g of drug-free meat). All diclofenac calcium doses delayed the development of L. sericata. Moreover, all the drug doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg) resulted in body weight loss of L. sericata larvae. Finally, all the drug doses increased the mortality of L. sericata. The findings indicate that forensic entomology and forensic veterinary analyses involving L. sericata need to take into account a potential factor modifying the fly natural life cycle – the presence of diclofenac calcium in the body. A reduction of the body mass and a longer, than normal developmental cycle of L. sericata may be of significant in correctly determining the time of death of humans or animals in cases of diclofenac application.
{"title":"Forensic veterinary use of the fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the aspect of determining the time of death using tissues treated with calcium diclofenac","authors":"Katarzyna Czepiel-Mil, P. Listos, R. Stryjecki, D. Kowalczyk-Pecka, M. Nieoczym","doi":"10.21521/mw.6752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6752","url":null,"abstract":"Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used both in medicine and veterinary medicine. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of diclofenac calcium, the active ingredient of a medicine called diclofenac, on the development rate and survivorship of the fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Diclofenac was used at three concentrations: it was mixed with pork meat in proportions 25 mg of the drug 23 g of meat (dose 1), 50 mg/23 g (dose 2) and 75 mg/23 g (dose 3). To compare the results, a control sample was used (23 g of drug-free meat). All diclofenac calcium doses delayed the development of L. sericata. Moreover, all the drug doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg) resulted in body weight loss of L. sericata larvae. Finally, all the drug doses increased the mortality of L. sericata. The findings indicate that forensic entomology and forensic veterinary analyses involving L. sericata need to take into account a potential factor modifying the fly natural life cycle – the presence of diclofenac calcium in the body. A reduction of the body mass and a longer, than normal developmental cycle of L. sericata may be of significant in correctly determining the time of death of humans or animals in cases of diclofenac application.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68104256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traumatic pericarditis (TP) emerges as a result of foreign bodies pricking the heart, and these animals cannot be treated. Traumatic pericarditis is one of the most important cardiac diseases that may result in a decrease in milk yield, animal death, and fetal deaths in affected pregnant animals and lead to economic losses. Cardiac markers, which have been used in human medicine for years and have recently started to be used in veterinary medicine, can detect mild myocardial damage that may occur in the early stages of heart-related diseases. In this study it was aimed to determine the cardiac damage in cattle with TP by cardiac biomarkers. In the study, cTn-I, ANP, NT-proBNP, homocysteine, CRP, CK-MB, LDH, AST, and ALT levels were determined to be statistically higher in cattle with TP than in healthy animals (P < 0.01). NT-proBNP increased approximately 11 times, ANP about 10 times, cTn-I and Homocysteine increased 3 times, and CRP and CK-MB increased 2 times in cattle with TP. In conclusion, some cardiac markers were examined in the early detection of cardiac damage and diagnosis of cattle with TP, and it was concluded that the use of these markers would be beneficial. Moreover, it was concluded that ANP, Nt-proBNP, and homocysteine, which were the first data on cattle with TP, could be used in the detection of the severity of cardiac damage.
{"title":"Cardiac Biomarkers and Biochemical Changes in Cattle with Traumatic Pericarditis","authors":"C. Ayvazoğlu, E. Akyüz, M. Öğün","doi":"10.21521/mw.6758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6758","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic pericarditis (TP) emerges as a result of foreign bodies pricking the heart, and these animals cannot be treated. Traumatic pericarditis is one of the most important cardiac diseases that may result in a decrease in milk yield, animal death, and fetal deaths in affected pregnant animals and lead to economic losses. Cardiac markers, which have been used in human medicine for years and have recently started to be used in veterinary medicine, can detect mild myocardial damage that may occur in the early stages of heart-related diseases. In this study it was aimed to determine the cardiac damage in cattle with TP by cardiac biomarkers. In the study, cTn-I, ANP, NT-proBNP, homocysteine, CRP, CK-MB, LDH, AST, and ALT levels were determined to be statistically higher in cattle with TP than in healthy animals (P < 0.01). NT-proBNP increased approximately 11 times, ANP about 10 times, cTn-I and Homocysteine increased 3 times, and CRP and CK-MB increased 2 times in cattle with TP. In conclusion, some cardiac markers were examined in the early detection of cardiac damage and diagnosis of cattle with TP, and it was concluded that the use of these markers would be beneficial. Moreover, it was concluded that ANP, Nt-proBNP, and homocysteine, which were the first data on cattle with TP, could be used in the detection of the severity of cardiac damage.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contaminated food, including milk and dairy products, is the cause of health problems, important both from the point of view of an individual and families, populations or countries. Raw milk that has not been thermally treated and the cheeses made from it can be transmitters of many microorganisms that are dangerous to humans and can be found in the body of an infected animal. Food borne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and toxic (STEC) strains of E. coli can come from the cow itself or from its environment. These microorganisms can enter the milk indirectly from the environment (insufficient hygiene) and directly as a result of excretion into the milk by an infected animal. The paper describes the most important food pathogens causing food poisoning after consumption of milk (including pasteurized milk) and cheese.
{"title":"Milk and cheese as a source of human infection","authors":"H. Krukowski, H. Bis-Wencel, A. Prystupa","doi":"10.21521/mw.6780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6780","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated food, including milk and dairy products, is the cause of health problems, important both from the point of view of an individual and families, populations or countries. Raw milk that has not been thermally treated and the cheeses made from it can be transmitters of many microorganisms that are dangerous to humans and can be found in the body of an infected animal. Food borne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and toxic (STEC) strains of E. coli can come from the cow itself or from its environment. These microorganisms can enter the milk indirectly from the environment (insufficient hygiene) and directly as a result of excretion into the milk by an infected animal. The paper describes the most important food pathogens causing food poisoning after consumption of milk (including pasteurized milk) and cheese.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68107673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ł. Adaszek, M. Kalinowski, Małgorzata RUTKOWSKA-SZULCZYK, Ł. Mazurek, Dominika Szulc, M. Staniec, Dorota Ozga, K. Michalak, K. Buczek, S. Winiarczyk
The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of FCoV Ab rapid serological tests in the diagnosis of the effusive form of FIP in cats. The cats included in the study were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 40 cats with a strain of FCoV causing FIP (the presence of the M1058L mutation) in the abdominal fluid determined using PCR. The control group consisted of 15 cats with ascites caused by factors other than FCoV infection. Serological examination demonstrated the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus in 28 out of 40 samples of the fluid collected from animals included in the study group, which constituted 70.0% of the tested samples. No antibodies to coronavirus were identified in any of the peritoneal fluid samples collected from the cats included in the control group using rapid immunochromatographic tests. The results obtained in our own studies demonstrated that the serological test ensured very high probability, especially in the detection of infected animals, as well as, although with a slightly lower probability, in the exclusion of the presence of FIP virus infection in the samples of fluid collected from the peritoneal cavity.
{"title":"Comparison of the sensitivity of rapid tests, FCoV Ab (Vet Expert) and PCR, in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats with the effusive form of the disease","authors":"Ł. Adaszek, M. Kalinowski, Małgorzata RUTKOWSKA-SZULCZYK, Ł. Mazurek, Dominika Szulc, M. Staniec, Dorota Ozga, K. Michalak, K. Buczek, S. Winiarczyk","doi":"10.21521/mw.6745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6745","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of FCoV Ab rapid serological tests in the diagnosis of the effusive form of FIP in cats. The cats included in the study were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 40 cats with a strain of FCoV causing FIP (the presence of the M1058L mutation) in the abdominal fluid determined using PCR. The control group consisted of 15 cats with ascites caused by factors other than FCoV infection. Serological examination demonstrated the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus in 28 out of 40 samples of the fluid collected from animals included in the study group, which constituted 70.0% of the tested samples. No antibodies to coronavirus were identified in any of the peritoneal fluid samples collected from the cats included in the control group using rapid immunochromatographic tests. The results obtained in our own studies demonstrated that the serological test ensured very high probability, especially in the detection of infected animals, as well as, although with a slightly lower probability, in the exclusion of the presence of FIP virus infection in the samples of fluid collected from the peritoneal cavity.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68104187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Maksymovych, L. Slivinska, K. Kubiak, M. Jankowski, Marta Leno, B. Chernushkin, V. Rusyn, J. Spużak, K. Glińska-Suchocka, Dominika Kubiak-Nowak
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of determining markers of myocardial damage, such as: aspartate aminotransferase, total creatine kinase, cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme, total lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and peripheral blood lactic acid in sport horses subjected to physical exertion. The research was carried out on 50 horses of three breeds: Ukrainian Riding, Hanoverian and Westphalian, aged 4-16 years. In all horses, the activity of: aspartate aminotransferase, total creatine kinase, cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme, total lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac isoenzyme lactate dehydrogenase and lactic acid concentration were marked before and after exercise. It was found that after physical exercise in the tested horses, there was an increase in markers of myocardial damage. On the basis of the conducted research, it was demonstrated that the highest increase concerned the concentration of lactic acid and the activity of the cardiac isoenzyme of creatine kinase. The conducted studies additionally indicate that the evaluation markers of myocardial damage in horses may be useful as a screening test in detecting cardiac muscle disorders associated with excessive exercise. However, it should be emphasized that it must be considered together with the results of a clinical examination and additional tests such as cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiography.
{"title":"Usefulness of determining some markers of myocardial damage in sports horses subjected to physical exertion","authors":"I. Maksymovych, L. Slivinska, K. Kubiak, M. Jankowski, Marta Leno, B. Chernushkin, V. Rusyn, J. Spużak, K. Glińska-Suchocka, Dominika Kubiak-Nowak","doi":"10.21521/mw.6760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6760","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of determining markers of myocardial damage, such as: aspartate aminotransferase, total creatine kinase, cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme, total lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and peripheral blood lactic acid in sport horses subjected to physical exertion. The research was carried out on 50 horses of three breeds: Ukrainian Riding, Hanoverian and Westphalian, aged 4-16 years. In all horses, the activity of: aspartate aminotransferase, total creatine kinase, cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme, total lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac isoenzyme lactate dehydrogenase and lactic acid concentration were marked before and after exercise. It was found that after physical exercise in the tested horses, there was an increase in markers of myocardial damage. On the basis of the conducted research, it was demonstrated that the highest increase concerned the concentration of lactic acid and the activity of the cardiac isoenzyme of creatine kinase. The conducted studies additionally indicate that the evaluation markers of myocardial damage in horses may be useful as a screening test in detecting cardiac muscle disorders associated with excessive exercise. However, it should be emphasized that it must be considered together with the results of a clinical examination and additional tests such as cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiography.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the author presents the results of effective treatment of closed pyometra in mares with cervical adhesions, using a stent of his own construction. A 17-year-old mare, breed S.P., was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of closed pyometra caused by cervical obstruction as a result of adhesions inside its lumen. After confirming the diagnosis, the cervical adhesions were manually separated and about 20 l of purulent discharge was leveraged from the uterus. In the following days, the uterus was treated for inflammation by rinsing it with 0.05% betadine solution. These treatments were repeated every other day, 4 times. On the last day of treatment, 500 mg of cefapyrin was administered intrauterine, and a stent constructed of two trimmed and appropriately connected Pezzer catheters was inserted into the cervix. The mare underwent a clinical check-up after 3 weeks and then at 3 and 8 months after stent insertion. During this period, the stent remained in place, and ultrasound showed only a scant amount of non-echoic discharge in the lumen of the uterus.
{"title":"The use of own stent construction as an alternative to partial cervical resection in the treatment of closed pyometra in mares","authors":"M. Witkowski","doi":"10.21521/mw.6767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6767","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the author presents the results of effective treatment of closed pyometra in mares with cervical adhesions, using a stent of his own construction. A 17-year-old mare, breed S.P., was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of closed pyometra caused by cervical obstruction as a result of adhesions inside its lumen. After confirming the diagnosis, the cervical adhesions were manually separated and about 20 l of purulent discharge was leveraged from the uterus. In the following days, the uterus was treated for inflammation by rinsing it with 0.05% betadine solution. These treatments were repeated every other day, 4 times. On the last day of treatment, 500 mg of cefapyrin was administered intrauterine, and a stent constructed of two trimmed and appropriately connected Pezzer catheters was inserted into the cervix. The mare underwent a clinical check-up after 3 weeks and then at 3 and 8 months after stent insertion. During this period, the stent remained in place, and ultrasound showed only a scant amount of non-echoic discharge in the lumen of the uterus.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilt and sow management practices are key factors for the reproduction and production efficiency of any production system. In Poland, the number of piglets born alive per sow per year and the number born alive per sow per lifetime are relatively low. This may have a number of causes. One of them is an unsuitable parity distribution. According to some data, most females are removed from the herd after the first or second parity. As a consequence, the number of piglets born alive per sow per lifetime is small. In some countries, the number of litters per sow per lifetime varies from 3.3 to 5.6, with a total number of 32 to 73 piglets weaned. The average longevity of a sow in various countries ranges from 467 to 969 days. For Poland, precise data are unfortunately lacking, but unpublished data suggest that the number of litters per statistic sow does not exceed 5, although in particular farms this parameter ranges from 3 to 7. According to data available from different farms, early sow culling takes place mostly after the first or second parity. The causes include errors in gilt’s rearing and introduction into the herd, stall acclimatization, and boar exposure. A gilt’s longevity and performance are also determined by her body weight and age at first breeding, feed intake in the lactation period, as well as body weight gained during gestation and 1st lactation. If properly developed and managed, a gilt with high immunity will perform well as a P1 and will continue to be highly productive throughout her lifetime. Otherwise, she will perform poorly in her first parity, after which her longevity is likely to be short. This paper also reviews health-related causes of early sow culling in Polish farms. The most important ones are infertility, embryonic death, stillbirth, mastitis, and MMA (mastitis, metritis, agalactia), as well as infectious pathogens (viruses), such as IAV-S, PRRSV, PCV2, PPV, ECMV, ADV, CSF, or bacteria: Leptospira spp., Brucella suis, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
{"title":"Important health and management reasons of early sow removal","authors":"Z. Pejsak, K. Tarasiuk","doi":"10.21521/mw.6783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6783","url":null,"abstract":"Gilt and sow management practices are key factors for the reproduction and production efficiency of any production system. In Poland, the number of piglets born alive per sow per year and the number born alive per sow per lifetime are relatively low. This may have a number of causes. One of them is an unsuitable parity distribution. According to some data, most females are removed from the herd after the first or second parity. As a consequence, the number of piglets born alive per sow per lifetime is small. In some countries, the number of litters per sow per lifetime varies from 3.3 to 5.6, with a total number of 32 to 73 piglets weaned. The average longevity of a sow in various countries ranges from 467 to 969 days. For Poland, precise data are unfortunately lacking, but unpublished data suggest that the number of litters per statistic sow does not exceed 5, although in particular farms this parameter ranges from 3 to 7. According to data available from different farms, early sow culling takes place mostly after the first or second parity. The causes include errors in gilt’s rearing and introduction into the herd, stall acclimatization, and boar exposure. A gilt’s longevity and performance are also determined by her body weight and age at first breeding, feed intake in the lactation period, as well as body weight gained during gestation and 1st lactation. If properly developed and managed, a gilt with high immunity will perform well as a P1 and will continue to be highly productive throughout her lifetime. Otherwise, she will perform poorly in her first parity, after which her longevity is likely to be short. This paper also reviews health-related causes of early sow culling in Polish farms. The most important ones are infertility, embryonic death, stillbirth, mastitis, and MMA (mastitis, metritis, agalactia), as well as infectious pathogens (viruses), such as IAV-S, PRRSV, PCV2, PPV, ECMV, ADV, CSF, or bacteria: Leptospira spp., Brucella suis, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68107725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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