Onur Köse, R. Kiyici, M. Pala, R. Adanir, B. K. Karaayvaz, M. Karaca, H. A. Akkan
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficiacy of albendazole and paromomycine treatments against natural Giardia spp. infection in calves. The calves were divided in two groups of six animals each with similar parasitic loads of Giardiaspp. cysts. Albendazole (20 mg/kg) and paromomycin (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally to group A and group P, respectively, for three consecutive days. The efficiacies of drugs evaluated by analyzing the reduction in cyst excretion in native fecal examinations on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, percentages of reduction for days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 according to day 0 were evaluated. The geometric mean of fecal cyst excretion in both groups started to decrease from the 3rd day, in paromomycin group the decrease continued steadily throughout the examination days starting from the 3rd day, despite that in the albendazole group the cyst amount increased in the 7th day and then decreased again. Cyst excretion reached zero in all animals at the 21st and 28th days in group P and group A, respectively. The percentage of reduction started with a high rate of 47.72% on the third day and reached 100% on the 21st day in the paromomycin group. In the albendazole group, the percentage of reduction started with a rate of 35.29% on the third day and reached 100% on the 28th day. As a result, paromomycin was found to be more effective compared to albendazole in terms of both the regularity of the mean cyst reduction and the time it takes for the cyst excretion to reach zero.
{"title":"Efficiacy of albendazole and paromomycin treatments against natural Giardia spp. infection in calves","authors":"Onur Köse, R. Kiyici, M. Pala, R. Adanir, B. K. Karaayvaz, M. Karaca, H. A. Akkan","doi":"10.21521/mw.6795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6795","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficiacy of albendazole and paromomycine treatments against natural Giardia spp. infection in calves. The calves were divided in two groups of six animals each with similar parasitic loads of Giardiaspp. cysts. Albendazole (20 mg/kg) and paromomycin (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally to group A and group P, respectively, for three consecutive days. The efficiacies of drugs evaluated by analyzing the reduction in cyst excretion in native fecal examinations on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, percentages of reduction for days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 according to day 0 were evaluated. The geometric mean of fecal cyst excretion in both groups started to decrease from the 3rd day, in paromomycin group the decrease continued steadily throughout the examination days starting from the 3rd day, despite that in the albendazole group the cyst amount increased in the 7th day and then decreased again. Cyst excretion reached zero in all animals at the 21st and 28th days in group P and group A, respectively. The percentage of reduction started with a high rate of 47.72% on the third day and reached 100% on the 21st day in the paromomycin group. In the albendazole group, the percentage of reduction started with a rate of 35.29% on the third day and reached 100% on the 28th day. As a result, paromomycin was found to be more effective compared to albendazole in terms of both the regularity of the mean cyst reduction and the time it takes for the cyst excretion to reach zero.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68108980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MONIKA ZIOMEK, KRZYSZTOF SZKUCIK, ZBIGNIEW BEŁKOT, MICHAŁ GONDEK, PIOTR SKAŁECKI, FRANCESCA PEDONESE, AGNIESZKA KALINIAK-DZIURA, DOROTA PIETRAS – OŻGA
Fish and fishery products are considered to be one of the most nutrient-rich dietary products. The nutritional value of fish depends on its freshness. The greatest role in fish spoilage is played by microbial decomposition. Smoking is one of the methods of fish preservation based on the action of temperature and the penetration into the tissue of preservative substances produced by burning wood. Almost all microorganisms except some pathogenic bacteria are destroyed in the smoking process; nevertheless, fish can be a source of some pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., which are present as the result of cross-contamination at the stage after smoking, i.e. marketing and storage (4, 5, 8). Improper and unhygienic handling practices with the ready-to-eat RTE product are also the cause of an increase of the total microbiological contamination, which can be expressed by microbiological contamination indicators, i.e. total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic bacteria count (PBC), coliform count (EBC), total yeast and mould count (TYMC) and total staphylococci count (TSC). In the performed study five smoked fish species (redfish, mackerel, codfish, sprat and herring) were tested at the marketing stage. A total number of 50 (N = 50) samples was tested according to ISO standards. The potential foodborne bacteria in the tested samples were identified using a MALDI-TOF spectrometer combined with MALDI-Biotyper 3.0 software. In the performed study, the highest microbiology contamination TVC on the level 3.63 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g and PBC on the level 3.04 ± 0.24 log10 cfu/g has been found in redfish muscle compared to herring, codfish, sprat and mackerel muscle. A significantly lower amount of 1.26 ± 0.12 log10 cfu/g yeast and moulds of was found in the muscle tissue of herring, compared to the other tested fish. The highest staphylococcal contamination of muscle tissue of redfish on the level 2.56 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g and mackerel on the level 2.13 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g was found. MALDI-TOF identification of isolated bacteria not confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and pathogenic Staphylococci and confirmed the presence of E. coli in tested redfish.
{"title":"Microbiological status of smoked fish placed on the market in Poland","authors":"MONIKA ZIOMEK, KRZYSZTOF SZKUCIK, ZBIGNIEW BEŁKOT, MICHAŁ GONDEK, PIOTR SKAŁECKI, FRANCESCA PEDONESE, AGNIESZKA KALINIAK-DZIURA, DOROTA PIETRAS – OŻGA","doi":"10.21521/mw.6823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6823","url":null,"abstract":"Fish and fishery products are considered to be one of the most nutrient-rich dietary products. The nutritional value of fish depends on its freshness. The greatest role in fish spoilage is played by microbial decomposition. Smoking is one of the methods of fish preservation based on the action of temperature and the penetration into the tissue of preservative substances produced by burning wood. Almost all microorganisms except some pathogenic bacteria are destroyed in the smoking process; nevertheless, fish can be a source of some pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., which are present as the result of cross-contamination at the stage after smoking, i.e. marketing and storage (4, 5, 8). Improper and unhygienic handling practices with the ready-to-eat RTE product are also the cause of an increase of the total microbiological contamination, which can be expressed by microbiological contamination indicators, i.e. total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic bacteria count (PBC), coliform count (EBC), total yeast and mould count (TYMC) and total staphylococci count (TSC). In the performed study five smoked fish species (redfish, mackerel, codfish, sprat and herring) were tested at the marketing stage. A total number of 50 (N = 50) samples was tested according to ISO standards. The potential foodborne bacteria in the tested samples were identified using a MALDI-TOF spectrometer combined with MALDI-Biotyper 3.0 software. In the performed study, the highest microbiology contamination TVC on the level 3.63 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g and PBC on the level 3.04 ± 0.24 log10 cfu/g has been found in redfish muscle compared to herring, codfish, sprat and mackerel muscle. A significantly lower amount of 1.26 ± 0.12 log10 cfu/g yeast and moulds of was found in the muscle tissue of herring, compared to the other tested fish. The highest staphylococcal contamination of muscle tissue of redfish on the level 2.56 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g and mackerel on the level 2.13 ± 0.15 log10 cfu/g was found. MALDI-TOF identification of isolated bacteria not confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and pathogenic Staphylococci and confirmed the presence of E. coli in tested redfish.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
iven a bird’s underdeveloped lymph vessels and lymph nodes, the spleen is of the utmost importance in the avian immune system. Broiler chickens can be subjected to heat stress (HS), which causes an increase in mortality, a decrease in feed intake, body weight gain, and hatchability. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant for cells, but there is limited information about how heat stress affects spleen tissue in chickens and how vitamin E can change this effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E based on the location of subpopulations of T cells and immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells in the spleens of broiler chickens subjected to HS. The results indicated that vitamin E supplementation in the broiler chicken diet could increase the population of immune system cells in heat-stressed chickens. The findings of this study could be used as a reference for the development of management strategies for broiler chickens, especially in countries with a hot climate.
{"title":"The effects of vitamin E on T cell subsets and immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells in the spleen of heat-stressed broiler chickens","authors":"D. Korkmaz, S. Kum, U. Eren","doi":"10.21521/mw.6778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6778","url":null,"abstract":"iven a bird’s underdeveloped lymph vessels and lymph nodes, the spleen is of the utmost importance in the avian immune system. Broiler chickens can be subjected to heat stress (HS), which causes an increase in mortality, a decrease in feed intake, body weight gain, and hatchability. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant for cells, but there is limited information about how heat stress affects spleen tissue in chickens and how vitamin E can change this effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E based on the location of subpopulations of T cells and immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells in the spleens of broiler chickens subjected to HS. The results indicated that vitamin E supplementation in the broiler chicken diet could increase the population of immune system cells in heat-stressed chickens. The findings of this study could be used as a reference for the development of management strategies for broiler chickens, especially in countries with a hot climate.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68106656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) are two common opportunistic pathogens that can infect humans and animals worldwide. The available data on the prevalence of these pathogens is insufficient in Hebei Province, China, which is located in the Bohai Sea region. In the present study, 718 fecal specimens of native beef cattle from eight farms in Hebei Province were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi using nested PCR targeting the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of E. bieneusi. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 9.2% (66/718) and E. bieneusi was 8.6% (62/718). C. andersoni (n = 56) and C. parvum (n = 10) were identified in this study, and all C. parvum-positive specimens belonged to IIdA20G1 in the gp60 gene. The ITS sequence analysis obtained seven known E. bieneusi genotypes, including J (n = 48), BEB4 (n = 4), CHC8 (n = 3), EbpC (n = 2), I (n = 2), D (n = 2), and BEB6 (n = 1). Genotype D and EbpC belonged to the zoonotic Group 1, while the other genotype belonged to the host-adapted Group 2. This is the first report on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Hebei Province. In this study, the presence of zoonotic C. parvum and two E. bieneusi genotypes suggest that cattle can be a potential zoonotic source for human or animal infection.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in beef cattle in the Hebei Province of China","authors":"TONG-BAO Sun, Xiao-Yu Lin, Su-Min Pan, LI-FENG Chen, Qiumei Shi, Wen-chao Li, Qiu-yue Wang","doi":"10.21521/mw.6748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6748","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) are two common opportunistic pathogens that can infect humans and animals worldwide. The available data on the prevalence of these pathogens is insufficient in Hebei Province, China, which is located in the Bohai Sea region. In the present study, 718 fecal specimens of native beef cattle from eight farms in Hebei Province were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi using nested PCR targeting the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of E. bieneusi. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 9.2% (66/718) and E. bieneusi was 8.6% (62/718). C. andersoni (n = 56) and C. parvum (n = 10) were identified in this study, and all C. parvum-positive specimens belonged to IIdA20G1 in the gp60 gene. The ITS sequence analysis obtained seven known E. bieneusi genotypes, including J (n = 48), BEB4 (n = 4), CHC8 (n = 3), EbpC (n = 2), I (n = 2), D (n = 2), and BEB6 (n = 1). Genotype D and EbpC belonged to the zoonotic Group 1, while the other genotype belonged to the host-adapted Group 2. This is the first report on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Hebei Province. In this study, the presence of zoonotic C. parvum and two E. bieneusi genotypes suggest that cattle can be a potential zoonotic source for human or animal infection.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68104468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Wojtacka, B. Wysok, A. Wiszniewska-Łaszczych, Małgorzata GOMÓŁKA-PAWLICKA, M. Gesek, Agnieszka Chłodowska, Bartłomiej Tykałowski, H. Różański, Hubert Iwiński, A. Koncicki
We analyzed the effect of a herbal (phytoncides) supplement on the morphology of internal organs and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens. The study was conducted on 60 birds divided into 3 groups (n = 20): one control and two experimental. Starting at 3 weeks of age, chickens from the experimental groups were given water with the addition of a preparation based on concentrated natural components in two doses: 1 and 2 ml/l. Group 1 was given the supplement twice for 3 and 5 days, and group 2 once for 3 days. After slaughter at the age of 40 days, the proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, liver, spleen, kidneys, bursa of Fabricius (BF), lungs, and pectoral muscles were sampled for histological analyses. Additionally, villi height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were measured. The results did not show statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of histological lesions in the organs and tissues sampled. Morphometric evaluation showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05) for VH and CD in the duodenum and ileum.
{"title":"Effect of water supplemented with a herbal based product on the internal organs of broiler chickens","authors":"J. Wojtacka, B. Wysok, A. Wiszniewska-Łaszczych, Małgorzata GOMÓŁKA-PAWLICKA, M. Gesek, Agnieszka Chłodowska, Bartłomiej Tykałowski, H. Różański, Hubert Iwiński, A. Koncicki","doi":"10.21521/mw.6785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6785","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the effect of a herbal (phytoncides) supplement on the morphology of internal organs and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens. The study was conducted on 60 birds divided into 3 groups (n = 20): one control and two experimental. Starting at 3 weeks of age, chickens from the experimental groups were given water with the addition of a preparation based on concentrated natural components in two doses: 1 and 2 ml/l. Group 1 was given the supplement twice for 3 and 5 days, and group 2 once for 3 days. After slaughter at the age of 40 days, the proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, liver, spleen, kidneys, bursa of Fabricius (BF), lungs, and pectoral muscles were sampled for histological analyses. Additionally, villi height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were measured. The results did not show statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of histological lesions in the organs and tissues sampled. Morphometric evaluation showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05) for VH and CD in the duodenum and ileum.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68107820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelika TKACZYK-WLIZŁO, A. Śmiech, Krzysztof Kowal, D. Różańska, B. Ślaska
Neoplasms of the mammary glands are the most common tumours in female dogs, albeit rare cases in male dogs are reported as well. Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are a naturally occurring heterogeneous group of cancers with a high incidence rate of up to 25-50% among females. Despite many years of research, the aetiology and high incidence of these tumours are still poorly understood. There is a need to present epidemiological data on mammary tumour occurrence in different breeds of dogs in different countries to select prognostic risk factors and identify breeds with higher susceptibility to tumour development. The aim of this study was to describe histopathological findings for 92 animals, including 87 female and five male dogs, diagnosed with mammary gland tumours (MGTs) in Poland and to determine such epidemiological characteristics as age, breed and size as well as their relationship with tumour incidence and malignancy. Histopathological analyses showed that 82 (89.1%) of the 92 dogs had malignant tumours, seven dogs (7.6%) had benign tumours, and three dogs (3.3%) had non-neoplastic changes in the form of dysplasias. Thirty (33.7%) of the 89 dogs with mammary gland tumours had more than one neoplasia. The highest number of cases were epithelial tumours (79.8%), followed by mesenchymal (14.6%) and mixed (5.6%) tumours. The vast majority of malignant tumours were tubulopapillary carcinomas (33.7%), complex carcinomas (24.7%) and solid carcinomas (11.2%). It is worth noting a large variation in the degree of tumour malignancy among the tubulopapillary carcinoma cases. The present study showed a higher incidence of mammary gland tumours in female dogs aged 8-13 years. The vast majority of female cases were diagnosed at the age of 12 years. The average year of surgical intervention in the male dogs was 9 years. Among 25 breeds of dogs in which MGTs were noted, the highest number of affected animals were crossbreeds (30.3%), German Shepherds (23.6%) and English Cocker Spaniels (9.0%). The large size of the tumour (≥ 5 cm) was strongly associated with its malignancy.
{"title":"Histopathological evaluation of canine mammary gland tumours: a study of 92 cases","authors":"Angelika TKACZYK-WLIZŁO, A. Śmiech, Krzysztof Kowal, D. Różańska, B. Ślaska","doi":"10.21521/mw.6771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6771","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasms of the mammary glands are the most common tumours in female dogs, albeit rare cases in male dogs are reported as well. Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are a naturally occurring heterogeneous group of cancers with a high incidence rate of up to 25-50% among females. Despite many years of research, the aetiology and high incidence of these tumours are still poorly understood. There is a need to present epidemiological data on mammary tumour occurrence in different breeds of dogs in different countries to select prognostic risk factors and identify breeds with higher susceptibility to tumour development. The aim of this study was to describe histopathological findings for 92 animals, including 87 female and five male dogs, diagnosed with mammary gland tumours (MGTs) in Poland and to determine such epidemiological characteristics as age, breed and size as well as their relationship with tumour incidence and malignancy. Histopathological analyses showed that 82 (89.1%) of the 92 dogs had malignant tumours, seven dogs (7.6%) had benign tumours, and three dogs (3.3%) had non-neoplastic changes in the form of dysplasias. Thirty (33.7%) of the 89 dogs with mammary gland tumours had more than one neoplasia. The highest number of cases were epithelial tumours (79.8%), followed by mesenchymal (14.6%) and mixed (5.6%) tumours. The vast majority of malignant tumours were tubulopapillary carcinomas (33.7%), complex carcinomas (24.7%) and solid carcinomas (11.2%). It is worth noting a large variation in the degree of tumour malignancy among the tubulopapillary carcinoma cases. The present study showed a higher incidence of mammary gland tumours in female dogs aged 8-13 years. The vast majority of female cases were diagnosed at the age of 12 years. The average year of surgical intervention in the male dogs was 9 years. Among 25 breeds of dogs in which MGTs were noted, the highest number of affected animals were crossbreeds (30.3%), German Shepherds (23.6%) and English Cocker Spaniels (9.0%). The large size of the tumour (≥ 5 cm) was strongly associated with its malignancy.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68106489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, interest in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other peptides derived from preproglucagon has increased significantly. GLP-1 is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone produced in L-type enteroendocrine cells as a response to food intake. GLP-1 is rapidly metabolized and inactivated by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme before the hormone leaves the intestine, which increases the likelihood that GLP-1 action is transmitted through sensory neurons in the intestine and liver through the GLP-1 receptor. The main actions of GLP-1 are to stimulate insulin secretion (i.e. act as incretin hormone) and inhibit glucagon secretion, thus contributing to the reduction of postprandial glucose spikes. GLP-1 also inhibits motility and gastrointestinal secretion, and therefore acts as part of the „small bowel brake” mechanism. GLP-1 also appears to be a physiological regulator of appetite and food intake. Because of these effects, GLP-1 or GLP-1 receptor agonists are now increasingly used to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduced GLP-1 secretion may contribute to the development of obesity, and excessive secretion may be responsible for postprandial reactive hypoglycemia. The use of GLP-1 agonists opens up new possibilities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. In the last two decades, many interesting studies covering both the physiological and pathophysiological role of GLP-1 have been published, and our understanding of GLP-1 has broadened significantly. In this review article, we have tried to describe our current understanding of how GLP-1 works as both a peripheral hormone and as a central neurotransmitter in health and disease. We focused on its biological effects on the body and the potential clinical application in relation to current research.
{"title":"Distribution and function of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the digestive tract of mammals and the clinical use of its analogues","authors":"ALEKSANDRA GÓRSKA, MARCIN B. ARCISZEWSKI","doi":"10.21521/mw.6374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6374","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, interest in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other peptides derived from preproglucagon has increased significantly. GLP-1 is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone produced in L-type enteroendocrine cells as a response to food intake. GLP-1 is rapidly metabolized and inactivated by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme before the hormone leaves the intestine, which increases the likelihood that GLP-1 action is transmitted through sensory neurons in the intestine and liver through the GLP-1 receptor. The main actions of GLP-1 are to stimulate insulin secretion (i.e. act as incretin hormone) and inhibit glucagon secretion, thus contributing to the reduction of postprandial glucose spikes. GLP-1 also inhibits motility and gastrointestinal secretion, and therefore acts as part of the „small bowel brake” mechanism. GLP-1 also appears to be a physiological regulator of appetite and food intake. Because of these effects, GLP-1 or GLP-1 receptor agonists are now increasingly used to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduced GLP-1 secretion may contribute to the development of obesity, and excessive secretion may be responsible for postprandial reactive hypoglycemia. The use of GLP-1 agonists opens up new possibilities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. In the last two decades, many interesting studies covering both the physiological and pathophysiological role of GLP-1 have been published, and our understanding of GLP-1 has broadened significantly. In this review article, we have tried to describe our current understanding of how GLP-1 works as both a peripheral hormone and as a central neurotransmitter in health and disease. We focused on its biological effects on the body and the potential clinical application in relation to current research.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OKTAWIA SZPINDA, MICHAŁ JANK, MICHAŁ CZOPOWICZ, IZABELLA JOŃSKA, MARTA PARZENIECKA-JAWORSKA
The American Staffordshire Terrier (AST) is a breed characterized by a specific body build and high activity. The predisposition of the AST to cardiovascular diseases has not been investigated thoroughly yet. The study population consisted of 88 adult dogs showing no signs of cardiovascular diseases. The tested dogs were of different gender, age and body weight. Systolic blood pressure, clinical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiography, thoracic radiograph were performed in each dog, additionally, the blood was taken for laboratory tests. Subclinical heart disease was found in 67% of the tested dogs. Diseases of atrioventricular valves were most prevalent, significantly more common than aortic and pulmonary valve diseases. The most common subclinical heart disease was mitral valve regurgitation. A large part of the examined dogs had accelerated LVOT and RVOT in relation to the reference values adopted for the general canine population. The subclinical heart diseases are common in the Polish population of adult AST. Detection of the heart murmur in auscultation, respiratory sinus arrythmia in ECG, qR pattern of the QRS complex in ECG, PQ ≥ 0.11s, and LA/Ao ≥ 1.4 in an asymptomatic adult AST is suggestive of the subclinical heart disease and is an indication for a complete echocardiographic examination. Performing cardiac screening tests in adult AST dogs enables the elimination of sick individuals from breeding. Full echocardiographic examination including Doppler technique is a mainstay of the cardiologic diagnostics in modern veterinary medicine. It is the only method that allows the diagnosis of subclinical heart diseases.
{"title":"Prevalence of subclinical heart disease in apparently healthy American Staffordshire Terriers","authors":"OKTAWIA SZPINDA, MICHAŁ JANK, MICHAŁ CZOPOWICZ, IZABELLA JOŃSKA, MARTA PARZENIECKA-JAWORSKA","doi":"10.21521/mw.6831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6831","url":null,"abstract":"The American Staffordshire Terrier (AST) is a breed characterized by a specific body build and high activity. The predisposition of the AST to cardiovascular diseases has not been investigated thoroughly yet. The study population consisted of 88 adult dogs showing no signs of cardiovascular diseases. The tested dogs were of different gender, age and body weight. Systolic blood pressure, clinical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiography, thoracic radiograph were performed in each dog, additionally, the blood was taken for laboratory tests. Subclinical heart disease was found in 67% of the tested dogs. Diseases of atrioventricular valves were most prevalent, significantly more common than aortic and pulmonary valve diseases. The most common subclinical heart disease was mitral valve regurgitation. A large part of the examined dogs had accelerated LVOT and RVOT in relation to the reference values adopted for the general canine population. The subclinical heart diseases are common in the Polish population of adult AST. Detection of the heart murmur in auscultation, respiratory sinus arrythmia in ECG, qR pattern of the QRS complex in ECG, PQ ≥ 0.11s, and LA/Ao ≥ 1.4 in an asymptomatic adult AST is suggestive of the subclinical heart disease and is an indication for a complete echocardiographic examination. Performing cardiac screening tests in adult AST dogs enables the elimination of sick individuals from breeding. Full echocardiographic examination including Doppler technique is a mainstay of the cardiologic diagnostics in modern veterinary medicine. It is the only method that allows the diagnosis of subclinical heart diseases.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DAWID JAŃCZAK, PIOTR GÓRECKI, ALEKSANDRA KORNELIA MAJ
Spirometra tapeworms are causative agents of sparganosis, an emerging zoonosis in Europe. Many mammal species in Poland, such as wild boar and American mink, are among its paratenic hosts. Red foxes and raccoon dogs are recognized as both intermediate and definitive hosts. Very little is known about the prevalence of Spirometra among dogs and cats. Only a few cases of infection in cats have been described worldwide. The aim of this paper was to describe a very important aspect of long distances parasite migration. In March 2023, a mixed breed cat was brought from South Korea to Poland. In fecal examination, eggs similar to those of tapeworms from the Diphyllobothridae family were found. Molecular identification of the tapeworm showed a 100% similarity to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei deposited in GenBank®. One dose of praziquantel was effective against infestation. This case of the cat imported into Poland without previous deworming or vaccination highlights the problem of potentially dangerous parasites entering countries along with pets.
{"title":"Infection of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in a cat imported to Poland from South Korea","authors":"DAWID JAŃCZAK, PIOTR GÓRECKI, ALEKSANDRA KORNELIA MAJ","doi":"10.21521/mw.6825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6825","url":null,"abstract":"Spirometra tapeworms are causative agents of sparganosis, an emerging zoonosis in Europe. Many mammal species in Poland, such as wild boar and American mink, are among its paratenic hosts. Red foxes and raccoon dogs are recognized as both intermediate and definitive hosts. Very little is known about the prevalence of Spirometra among dogs and cats. Only a few cases of infection in cats have been described worldwide. The aim of this paper was to describe a very important aspect of long distances parasite migration. In March 2023, a mixed breed cat was brought from South Korea to Poland. In fecal examination, eggs similar to those of tapeworms from the Diphyllobothridae family were found. Molecular identification of the tapeworm showed a 100% similarity to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei deposited in GenBank®. One dose of praziquantel was effective against infestation. This case of the cat imported into Poland without previous deworming or vaccination highlights the problem of potentially dangerous parasites entering countries along with pets.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial resistance to classical antibiotics is a growing concern, and scientists are seeking alternative methods to combat bacterial infections. One promising option is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with strong antibacterial activity provided with diverse mechanisms, including membrane disruption, intracellular interference, and inhibition of bacterial metabolic processes. They can also modulate inflammation, enhancing antimicrobial effects. Compared to antibiotics, AMPs can have a broader range of activity and are less prone to bacterial resistance. However, their use has limitations, such as a short half-life and proteolytic degradation. To address these challenges, researchers are developing strategies to enhance the stability and efficacy of AMPs, including the use of nanocarriers. Nanocarriers, such as inorganic particles, liposomes, polymeric particles, cubosomes, and quantum dots can improve the stability of AMPs, protect them from degradation, enhance their penetration into bacterial cells, and increase their antibacterial activity. Nanocarriers can also boost AMPs absorption by bacteria and stimulate their enzymatic function. While nanocarriers show promise in enhancing AMPs efficacy and stability, further research is necessary to determine their safety and effectiveness in practical medical applications. This review offers a succinct exploration of specific nanoparticles, their function as carriers for AMPs, and their potential significance in both medical and veterinary contexts.
{"title":"Nanoparticles associated with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) promising combination for biomedical and veterinary applications","authors":"DOMINIKA NGUYEN NGOC, BARTŁOMIEJ SZYMCZAK, ANTONINA KRAWCZYK, BEATA DRZEWIECKA, JOANNA WESSELY-SZPONDER, ALEKSANDRA DOMAŃSKA, AGATA BUKAŁA, URSZULA KOSIOR-KORZECKA","doi":"10.21521/mw.6835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6835","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial resistance to classical antibiotics is a growing concern, and scientists are seeking alternative methods to combat bacterial infections. One promising option is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with strong antibacterial activity provided with diverse mechanisms, including membrane disruption, intracellular interference, and inhibition of bacterial metabolic processes. They can also modulate inflammation, enhancing antimicrobial effects. Compared to antibiotics, AMPs can have a broader range of activity and are less prone to bacterial resistance. However, their use has limitations, such as a short half-life and proteolytic degradation. To address these challenges, researchers are developing strategies to enhance the stability and efficacy of AMPs, including the use of nanocarriers. Nanocarriers, such as inorganic particles, liposomes, polymeric particles, cubosomes, and quantum dots can improve the stability of AMPs, protect them from degradation, enhance their penetration into bacterial cells, and increase their antibacterial activity. Nanocarriers can also boost AMPs absorption by bacteria and stimulate their enzymatic function. While nanocarriers show promise in enhancing AMPs efficacy and stability, further research is necessary to determine their safety and effectiveness in practical medical applications. This review offers a succinct exploration of specific nanoparticles, their function as carriers for AMPs, and their potential significance in both medical and veterinary contexts.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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