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A STUDY OF AREA AND THICKNESS COMPRESSION OF PARAFFIN SECTIONS 石蜡切片的面积和厚度压缩研究
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-12-06 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1868
Y. Xiang, Yang Guo, Zheng-Wei Yang
This study was carefully designed to determine the section compression of paraffin embedded sections. Two sections (one with thickness 5 µm and one 10 µm set by microtome) were cut from each of 2 sets of 12 testicular tissue (adult rats) blocks and stained with hematoxylin. Using scanned images, the area and the vertical (along the sectioning direction) and horizontal diameters of the block face were measured and compared with those of the unstained, stained or coverslipped section. Using the coverslipped section, the vertical and horizontal diameters of round spermatid nuclear profiles and the actual thickness of section were measured with light microscopy. Overall, the area of the coverslipped section was reduced by 5.5%-8.6% (on average) in comparison with that of the block face, with 69.5%-84.4% of the reduction being contributed by section compression in the process of section cutting, mounting and drying. The vertical (linear) compression of section, the primary cause of section area compression, was 5.9%-8.9%. The vertical compression of nuclear profiles was 1.5%-2.3% in 2 sets of sections and 5.2%-5.7% in other sections, indicating a non-uniform compression of structures within some sections depending on procedures of section drying. The measured mean thickness of sections decreased by 3.1%-5.0%.
本研究是精心设计的,以确定石蜡包埋切片的截面压缩。从2组12个睾丸组织(成年大鼠)块中各切下2个切片(厚度分别为5µm和10µm),并用苏木精染色。利用扫描图像,测量块面面积、垂直(沿切片方向)直径和水平直径,并与未染色、染色或覆盖切片的直径进行比较。利用复盖切片,光镜下测量圆形精子核剖面的纵横直径和实际切片厚度。总体而言,与块面相比,覆唇断面面积平均减少5.5% ~ 8.6%,其中69.5% ~ 84.4%的面积减少是由于断面切割、安装和干燥过程中的断面压缩。断面垂直(线性)压缩是造成断面面积压缩的主要原因,占5.9% ~ 8.9%。2组断面核剖面垂直压缩率为1.5% ~ 2.3%,其他断面为5.2% ~ 5.7%,说明部分断面内结构压缩率不均匀,取决于断面干燥方式。测得的切片平均厚度下降3.1% ~ 5.0%。
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引用次数: 2
FIBER SEGMENTATION IN CRACK REGIONS OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE USING PRINCIPAL CURVATURE 利用主曲率对钢纤维混凝土裂缝区进行纤维分割
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1914
Markus Kronenberger, K. Schladitz, B. Hamann, H. Hagen
This paper tackles the non-trivial image-processing task to segment hook-ended fibers in three-dimensional images. For this purpose, a novel segmentation method is presented that relies on the following observation: For a single fiber the configurations of principal curvatures that can occur on its surface are limited. Deviations from these configurations indicate potential overlaps of fibers. The method that was developed based on this observation is used to separate several simulated clusters of touching fibers as a proof-of-concept. Further, it is applied to two images of cracked steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens arising from a 4-point bending test. The method's performance is compared to manual separation. Overall, we can state that the proposed method yields satisfying results when data meets the following criteria: Low fiber volume density, circular fiber cross section and sufficient spatial resolution of fiber-fiber contacts.
本文解决了三维图像中钩端纤维的分割问题。为此,提出了一种新的分割方法,该方法依赖于以下观察:对于单个纤维,其表面上可能出现的主曲率配置是有限的。偏离这些结构表明可能存在纤维重叠。基于这一观察开发的方法被用于分离几个模拟的触摸纤维簇,作为概念验证。并将其应用于四点弯曲试验产生的两幅钢纤维混凝土试件开裂图像。并与人工分离方法进行了性能比较。总的来说,我们可以说,当数据满足以下条件时,所提出的方法获得了令人满意的结果:低纤维体积密度,圆形纤维截面和足够的光纤接触空间分辨率。
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引用次数: 8
NO-REFERENCE IMAGE QUALITY MEASURE FOR IMAGES WITH MULTIPLE DISTORTIONS USING RANDOM FORESTS FOR MULTI METHOD FUSION 基于随机森林多方法融合的多重失真图像无参考质量测量
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1534
K. De, Masilamani
Over the years image quality assessment is one of the active area of research in image processing. Distortion in images can be caused by various sources like noise, blur, transmission channel errors, compression artifacts etc. Image distortions can occur during the image acquisition process (blur/noise), image compression (ringing and blocking artifacts) or during the transmission process. A single image can be distorted by multiple sources and assessing quality of such images is an extremely challenging task. The human visual system can easily identify image quality in such cases, but for a computer algorithm performing the task of quality assessment is a very difficult. In this paper, we propose a new no-reference image quality assessment for images corrupted by more than one type of distortions. The proposed technique is compared with the best-known framework for image quality assessment for multiply distorted images and standard state of the art Full reference and No-reference image quality assessment techniques available. 
近年来,图像质量评价一直是图像处理领域的研究热点之一。图像失真可以由各种来源引起,如噪声、模糊、传输通道错误、压缩伪影等。图像失真可能发生在图像采集过程(模糊/噪声),图像压缩(环形和阻塞伪影)或传输过程中。单个图像可能被多个来源扭曲,评估此类图像的质量是一项极具挑战性的任务。在这种情况下,人类视觉系统可以很容易地识别图像质量,但对于计算机算法来说,执行质量评估任务是非常困难的。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的无参考图像质量评估,用于被多种类型的失真损坏的图像。将所提出的技术与最著名的多重失真图像质量评估框架以及现有的标准状态的全参考和无参考图像质量评估技术进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
MORPHOLOGICAL MODELING OF COLD SPRAY COATINGS 冷喷涂涂层的形态建模
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1894
Vincent Bortolussi, B. Figliuzzi, F. Willot, M. Faessel, M. Jeandin
In this article, we study the microstructure of cold sprayed films of copper particles deposited onto a carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The microstructure of the coating is made of a packing of seemingly round-shaped particles of varying sizes embedded in a polymer matrix. The copper particles are separated by thin interstices. The coating is designed to cover the body of recent commercial aircrafts. Its role is to protect the aircraft from lightning impact by ensuring that the surface is conductive enough to evacuate electrical charges. A high resistivity contrast is observed between the copper particles and the polymer matrix. Therefore, the global resistivity of the material is highly dependent on the microstructure geometry.Following an approach commonly used in materials science, to investigate its influence on the electrical properties of the global material at the macroscopic scale, we design a 3D multiscale stochastic model that enables us to simulate the microstructure. The model is based upon a generalization of the classical JohnsonMehl tessellation, which accounts for the interstices that appear between copper particles. The method is very general and could potentially be applied to model any microstructure exhibiting similar interstices between aggregates of particles.
本文研究了冷喷涂铜颗粒沉积在碳纤维增强聚合物上的微观结构。涂层的微观结构是由嵌入在聚合物基体中的不同大小的看似圆形的颗粒组成的。铜颗粒被很薄的间隙隔开。这种涂层被设计用于覆盖最近商用飞机的机身。它的作用是通过确保表面具有足够的导电性来疏散电荷,从而保护飞机免受雷击。在铜颗粒和聚合物基体之间观察到高电阻率对比。因此,材料的整体电阻率高度依赖于微观结构的几何形状。遵循材料科学中常用的方法,为了在宏观尺度上研究其对整体材料电性能的影响,我们设计了一个3D多尺度随机模型,使我们能够模拟微观结构。该模型是基于经典的约翰逊-梅尔镶嵌的推广,它解释了铜粒子之间出现的间隙。该方法是非常普遍的,可以潜在地应用于模拟任何微观结构表现出类似的颗粒聚集之间的间隙。
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引用次数: 12
SOLVING PROBLEMS IN STEREOLOGY WITHOUT MATHEMATICAL FORMALISM 在没有数学形式主义的情况下解决立体学问题
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1922
L. Wojnar
Scientific work is often very time consuming and the results are frequently not clear for the audience. A sense of humour is a good tool for demonstration of complicated problems. The paper describes selected cases from the past 30 years in which a sense of humour together with appropriate cartoons were successfully applied. 
科学工作往往是非常耗时的,而且结果往往对听众来说并不清楚。幽默感是解决复杂问题的好工具。本文描述了过去30年的一些案例,在这些案例中,幽默感和适当的漫画被成功地应用了起来。
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引用次数: 0
LIP-READING VIA DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS USING HYBRID VISUAL FEATURES 基于混合视觉特征的深度神经网络唇读
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1859
Fatemeh Vakhshiteh, F. Almasganj, A. Nickabadi
Lip-reading is typically known as visually interpreting the speaker's lip movements during speaking. Experiments over many years have revealed that speech intelligibility increases if visual facial information becomes available. This effect becomes more apparent in noisy environments. Taking steps toward automating this process, some challenges will be raised such as coarticulation phenomenon, visual units' type, features diversity and their inter-speaker dependency. While efforts have been made to overcome these challenges, presentation of a flawless lip-reading system is still under the investigations. This paper searches for a lipreading model with an efficiently developed incorporation and arrangement of processing blocks to extract highly discriminative visual features. Here, application of a properly structured Deep Belief Network (DBN)- based recognizer is highlighted. Multi-speaker (MS) and speaker-independent (SI) tasks are performed over CUAVE database, and phone recognition rates (PRRs) of 77.65% and 73.40% are achieved, respectively. The best word recognition rates (WRRs) achieved in the tasks of MS and SI are 80.25% and 76.91%, respectively. Resulted accuracies demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and competes well with the state-of-the-art visual speech recognition works.
唇读通常被称为视觉解读说话者在说话过程中的嘴唇动作。多年来的实验表明,如果可以获得视觉面部信息,语音的可理解性就会提高。这种影响在嘈杂的环境中变得更加明显。在实现这一过程自动化的过程中,会提出一些挑战,如协同发音现象、视觉单元的类型、特征多样性及其说话人之间的依赖性。虽然已经努力克服了这些挑战,但完美的唇读系统仍在研究中。本文寻找一种具有高效发展的融合和排列处理块的唇读模型,以提取高度判别的视觉特征。本文重点介绍了结构合理的基于深度信念网络(DBN)的识别器的应用。在CUAVE数据库上执行多说话人(MS)和独立说话人(SI)任务,手机识别率分别达到77.65%和73.40%。MS和SI任务的最佳词识别率分别为80.25%和76.91%。结果表明,该方法优于传统的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM),可以与目前最先进的视觉语音识别技术相媲美。
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引用次数: 9
IMAGE ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF THE SPHERULITE GROWTH IN POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES 聚丙烯复合材料中球晶生长的图像分析测定
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1895
A. Moghiseh, K. Schladitz, A. Schlarb, B. Suksut
Measuring the growth of spherulites in semi-crystalline thermoplastics helps to control and optimize industrial manufacturing processes of these materials. The growth can be observed in cross polarized images, taken at several time steps. The diameters of the spherulites are however measured manually in each step. Here, two approaches for replacing this tedious and time consuming method by automatic image analytic measurements are introduced. The first approach segments spherulites by finding salient 5x5 pixel patches in each time frame. Combining the information from all time frames into a 3D image yields the spherulites by a maximal flow graph cut in 3D. The growth is then measured by homography measurement. The second approach is closer to the manual method. Based on the Hough transform, spherulites are identified by their circular outline. The growth is then measured by comparing the radia of the least moving circles. The pros and cons of these methods are discussed based on synthetic image data as well as by comparison with manually measured growth rates. 
测量半结晶热塑性塑料中球晶的生长有助于控制和优化这些材料的工业制造过程。生长可以在交叉偏振图像中观察到,在几个时间步骤中拍摄。然而,球粒的直径在每一步都是人工测量的。本文介绍了两种用自动图像分析测量代替这种繁琐、耗时的方法。第一种方法通过在每个时间框架中找到显著的5x5像素块来分割球粒。将所有时间框架的信息组合成3D图像,通过3D切割的最大流图生成球粒。然后用单应性测量来测量生长。第二种方法更接近于手工方法。基于霍夫变换,球晶由其圆形轮廓来识别。然后通过比较最小移动圆的半径来测量增长。根据合成图像数据以及与人工测量的生长速率进行比较,讨论了这些方法的优缺点。
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引用次数: 0
PLANT SPECIE CLASSIFICATION USING SINUOSITY COEFFICIENTS OF LEAVES 利用叶片弯曲系数进行植物种类分类
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1821
J. R. Kala, Serestina Viriri
Forests are the lungs of our planet. Conserving the plants may require the development of an automated system that will identify plants using leaf features such as shape, color, and texture. In this paper, a leaf shape descriptor based on sinuosity coefficients is proposed. The sinuosity coefficients are defined using the sinuosity measure, which is a measure expressing the degree of meandering of a curve. The initial empirical experiments performed on the LeafSnap dataset on the usage of four sinuosity coefficients to characterize the leaf images using the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers achieved accurate classification rates of 88% and 65%, respectively. The proposed feature extraction technique is further enhanced through the addition of leaf geometrical features, and the accurate classification rates of 93% and 82% were achieved using RBF and MLP, respectively. The overall results achieved showed that the proposed feature extraction technique based on the sinuosity coefficients of leaves, complemented with geometrical features improve the accuracy rate of plant classification using leaf recognition.
森林是地球的肺。保护植物可能需要开发一种自动化系统,该系统将通过叶子的形状、颜色和纹理等特征来识别植物。本文提出了一种基于曲率系数的叶形描述子。曲度系数是用曲度度量来定义的,曲度度量是表示曲线弯曲程度的度量。在LeafSnap数据集上,使用径向基函数神经网络(RBF)和多层感知器(MLP)分类器使用4个正弦系数对树叶图像进行表征的初步经验实验,分别获得了88%和65%的准确分类率。通过加入叶片几何特征,进一步增强了特征提取技术,RBF和MLP的分类准确率分别达到93%和82%。结果表明,基于叶片弯曲系数的特征提取技术与几何特征相结合,提高了基于叶片识别的植物分类准确率。
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引用次数: 7
METRICS FOR IMAGE SURFACE APPROXIMATION BASED ON TRIANGULAR MESHES 基于三角网格的图像表面逼近度量
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-04-12 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1591
Eduardo Sant'Ana da Silva, Anderson Santos, H. Pedrini
Surface approximation plays an important role in several application fields, such as computer-aided design, computer graphics, remote sensing, computer vision, robotics, architecture, and manufacturing. A common problem present in these areas is to develop efficient methods for generating, processing, analyzing, and visualizing large amount of 3D data. Triangular meshes constitute a flexible representation of sampled points that are not regularly distributed in space, such that the model can be adaptively adjusted to the data density. The choice of metrics for building the triangular meshes is crucial to produce high quality models. This paper proposes and evaluates different measures to incrementally refine a Delaunay triangular mesh for image surface approximation until either a certain accuracy is obtained or a maximum number of iterations is achieved. Experiments on several data sets are performed to compare the quality of the resulting meshes.
曲面逼近在计算机辅助设计、计算机图形学、遥感、计算机视觉、机器人、建筑和制造等多个应用领域发挥着重要作用。在这些领域中存在的一个共同问题是开发生成、处理、分析和可视化大量3D数据的有效方法。三角形网格构成了一个灵活的采样点的表示,这些采样点在空间上不是规则分布的,这样模型就可以自适应地调整数据密度。构建三角网格的度量选择对于生成高质量的模型至关重要。本文提出并评估了不同的方法来逐步改进Delaunay三角形网格用于图像表面逼近,直到获得一定的精度或达到最大迭代次数。在几个数据集上进行了实验,以比较所得网格的质量。
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引用次数: 2
IMAGE ANALYSIS & STEREOLOGY: 2017 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 图像分析与立体:2017年研究亮点
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-04-12 DOI: 10.5566/IAS.1916
T. Vrtovec
A detailed overview of the 22 contributions, published in volume 36 (2017) of Image Analysis & Stereology (IAS), is presented. Most of the contributions are relatively interdisciplinary, however, they can be assigned to the following fields of study: computer vision (2), image analysis (2), materials science (3), medical imaging (3), stereology (8) and stohastic geometry (2). In addition, two editorials were published, while four of the contributions in the field of stereology are review papers for the special topic "The History of Stereology". It can be concluded that the readership was offered with a large variety of topics within the broader multidisciplinary field of stereology and image analysis, therefore reflecting the scope of IAS.
本文介绍了发表在《图像分析与立体学》(IAS)第36卷(2017)中的22篇论文的详细概述。大多数贡献是相对跨学科的,然而,它们可以分配到以下研究领域:计算机视觉(2),图像分析(2),材料科学(3),医学成像(3),立体学(8)和随机几何(2)。此外,发表了两篇社论,而在立体学领域的贡献中有四篇是“立体学历史”专题的综述论文。可以得出的结论是,读者在更广泛的立体学和图像分析多学科领域内获得了各种各样的主题,因此反映了IAS的范围。
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引用次数: 0
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Image Analysis & Stereology
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