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Analysis of Internal Boiler Water Treatment Maintenance System on Boiler Operation in KM. Bukit Raya KM锅炉运行的内部锅炉水处理维护系统分析。Bukit莱雅
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v18i.10146
Saiful Irfan, Agus Dwi Santoso, Bambang Bagus Harianto
Boilers are auxiliary machines on ships that are usually used to produce pressurised steam that is needed on ships, namely for heating fuel, lubricating oil, and heating water for accommodation and machinery. In the operation of boilers on ships, it is determined by the quality of water to produce good boiler performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse the boiler water treatment system to determine the quality of ship boiler water using water quality testing standards based on the American Society Mechanical Engineer (ASME). Standard parameters set by ASME are pH and conductivity measurements, Alkalinity measurements, Hardness measurements, Silica and iron measurements in ship boiler water KM. Bukit Raya. From the results of the analysis of boiler water taken from sampling feed water boilers on ships KM. Bukit Raya shows the results of the analysis of boiler water on pH with the measured pH value still in the standard set by ASME, namely 10.5-11.5, boiler water analysis of hydrate alkalinity in samples 1,2,4 is still within ASME standards 200 - 400 ppm while the measurement of hydrate alkalinity exceeds the standard set by ASME of 420 ppm, excessive hydrate alkalinity will cause scale formation, boiler water to calcium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to Magnesium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to silica obtained silica measurements are still within the standards set by ASME 150 max
锅炉是船舶上的辅助设备,通常用于产生船舶所需的加压蒸汽,即用于加热燃料、润滑油和加热住宿和机械所需的水。在船舶锅炉运行中,产生良好的锅炉性能是由水质决定的。本研究的目的是利用美国机械工程师学会(ASME)的水质检测标准,对船舶锅炉水处理系统进行分析,以确定船舶锅炉水的质量。ASME设定的标准参数是船舶锅炉水KM中的pH值和电导率测量、碱度测量、硬度测量、二氧化硅和铁的测量。Bukit莱雅。从对KM船给水锅炉取样的锅炉水分析结果看。Bukit莱雅显示分析结果的锅炉水pH值测量pH值仍然在ASME标准,即10.5 - -11.5,锅炉水质分析水合物碱度的样品1,2,4仍在ASME标准200 - 400 ppm,而水合物碱度的测量超过420 ppm的ASME标准,水合物碱度过高将导致结垢,锅炉水钙获得样品1 - 3仍然符合ASME标准,即跟踪,分析锅炉水对镁所得样品1-3仍符合ASME标准,即痕量,分析锅炉水对二氧化硅所得二氧化硅测量值仍在ASME 150max规定的标准之内
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引用次数: 0
Electric Parameter Measurement on Main Generator Based on IoT for Safe Operational Feasibility 基于物联网的主发电机电参数测量安全运行可行性研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v18i.10149
Sri Mulyanto Herlambang, Agus Dwi santoso, Stefano Cirillo, Bambang Bagus Harianto
The generator is the main source of electricity in the ship that will drive all activities on the ship. With the source of electricity supplied by the generator, human work will become lighter because it is helped by electrical energy. In order for the generator to work properly, it requires maintenance and must always be well controlled, so that the parameters generated by the generator must always be maintained by monitoring these parameters automatically using an ESP32 microcontroller. The parameters measured are current, voltage, power, frequency, work factor, KWh, RPM, temperature and vibration. By measuring the magnitude of these parameters can later be utilised as variables for maintenance and repair of the generator. The sensor used to measure the electrical parameters is the PZEM 004t module because it can measure all electrical quantities of the generator, while the temperature uses a DS18B20 sensor and vibration uses a SW-420 sensor module. Then to measure RPM using a potentiometer. The measurement results are displayed on the smartphone screen on the platform using Internet of Things (IoT) technology sent from the engine room.
发电机是船上的主要电力来源,将驱动船上的所有活动。有了发电机提供的电源,人类的工作将变得更轻,因为它是由电能来帮助的。为了使发电机正常工作,它需要维护并且必须始终保持良好的控制,因此必须始终通过使用ESP32微控制器自动监控这些参数来维护发电机产生的参数。测量的参数有电流、电压、功率、频率、功因数、千瓦时、转速、温度和振动。通过测量这些参数的大小,可以用作发电机维护和维修的变量。用于测量电参数的传感器是PZEM 004t模块,因为它可以测量发电机的所有电量,而温度使用DS18B20传感器,振动使用SW-420传感器模块。然后用电位器测量RPM。测量结果通过从机舱发送的物联网(IoT)技术显示在平台上的智能手机屏幕上。
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引用次数: 0
Design of half circular wideband antenna for ship radar 船用雷达半圆形宽带天线的设计
Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v15i.9725
Bambang Bagus Harianto, Agus Dwi santoso
The research aims to design a wideband antenna for the ship's radar. The ship's radar works on the S-Band range whose wavelengths range from 8 to 15 cm with a frequency of 2-4 GHz, This antenna design uses a new approach involving the use of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS), which builds on the initial theory. The results of the study obtained a bandwidth value of 1.6 GHz, an impedance antenna value of 49.7 ohms, with a total efficiency of -0.3356 a working frequency range ranging from 1.74 GHz to 3.3 GHz. The radiation pattern obtained the main lobe magnitude value of 3.85 dBi, Main lobe direction of 162.0 deg, angular width (3dB) of 76.7 deg, and side lobe level of -1.1 dB. From the results of working frequency, it is found that the antenna can be used for airborne warning & control (AWACS), remote sensing, WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile communication, XM radio, airport surveillance radar (ASR), radioastronomy, wireless LAN, ZigBee, missile guidance.
本课题旨在为舰船雷达设计一种宽带天线。舰载雷达工作在s波段范围内,其波长范围为8至15厘米,频率为2-4 GHz。该天线设计采用了一种新的方法,包括使用缺陷地面结构(DGS)和缺陷微带结构(DMS),这是建立在最初的理论基础上的。研究结果得到的带宽值为1.6 GHz,阻抗天线值为49.7欧姆,总效率为-0.3356,工作频率范围为1.74 GHz ~ 3.3 GHz。该辐射方向图得到主瓣星等为3.85 dBi,主瓣方向为162.0°,角宽度(3dB)为76.7°,副瓣电平为-1.1 dB。从工作频率的结果来看,该天线可以用于机载预警。控制(AWACS)、遥感、WiFi、蓝牙、移动通信、XM无线电、机场监视雷达(ASR)、射电天文学、无线局域网、ZigBee、导弹制导。
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引用次数: 0
The Proof of the Collatz Conjecture Collatz猜想的证明
Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v15i.2558
Bahman Mohammadhoseini
In this paper, I intend to prove the Collatz conjecture. In the following, I will prove that theCollatz conjecture is true for any positive integer and also for natural numbers. That is, aftersufficiently using the rules of the Collatz conjecture, we must reach 1. In fact, I aim to give adefinite answer to the question that has not been answered since 1937: Does the Collatz sequenceeventually reach 1 for all-natural or positive integer initial values? My answer is yes.
在本文中,我打算证明Collatz猜想。在下文中,我将证明柯拉兹猜想对任何正整数和自然数都是成立的。也就是说,在充分利用科拉茨猜想的规则之后,我们必须达到1。事实上,我的目标是对自1937年以来一直没有答案的问题给出一个明确的答案:对于全自然或正整数的初始值,Collatz序列最终是否达到1 ?我的回答是肯定的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis Of The Application Of The Transport Model With Least Cost Method (case study at PT.SI) 最小成本法运输模型的应用分析(以PT.SI为例)
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10090
None Agung Firdausi Ahsan, None Budyi Suswanto, None Emon Rifa'i
Transport problems related to the distribution of goods and services from various production centers to several points of sale. Distribution plays an important role because without the right distribution model, the distribution process can take a high cost and a relatively long time. In this study using the least cost method where its use is based on rules or normative allocation of supply and resource needs in a transport matrix without calculating the economic magnitude, from the results of this study, the cost of Minimum shipment is IDR 325,050,000 with consolidated delivery as follows because Tangerang factory ships to Balikpapan, Cirebon and Palembang cities. For Karawang factory to send products to Jakarta city, Surabaya, Bali, Yogyakarta and Cirebon Meanwhile, the Sidoarjo factory ships products to the cities of Surabaya and Makassar.
运输问题涉及货物和服务从各个生产中心到几个销售点的分配。分销扮演着重要的角色,因为如果没有正确的分销模式,分销过程可能会花费高昂的成本和相对较长的时间。在本研究中,使用最低成本方法,其使用基于运输矩阵中供应和资源需求的规则或规范分配,而不计算经济规模,从本研究的结果来看,最低运输成本为325,050,000印尼盾,合并交付如下,因为Tangerang工厂运输到巴厘巴潘,希雷汶和巨港城市。Karawang工厂将产品发送到雅加达市,泗水市,巴厘岛,日惹市和锡雷汶市,Sidoarjo工厂将产品发送到泗水市和望加锡市。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling The History Of Sultan Nuku's Struggle In The Design Of Historical Tourism Area In Tidore City 在蒂多尔市历史旅游区设计中塑造苏丹努库的奋斗历史
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10072
None Hery Purnomo, None M. Amrin Conoras, None Endah Harisun, None Nurul Hikmah
Tidore is a Sultanate in North Maluku which is part of the Four Sultanates of Maluku Kie Raha, Moluku Kie Raha is a term to refer to four regional rulers called kolano: Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. The golden age of the Sultanate of Tidore spanned a wide area, most of Maluku to the East, the Papua region, rich in historical and cultural heritage. Efforts that can be made in order to maintain and preserve historical relics are by modeling a museum of the history of the struggle of Sultan Nuku, so that the next generation can still witness historical evidence of the legacy of previous generations. Qualitative design methods are used in designing by collecting data, analyzing data, concepts, and modeling designs. With the modeling of the Nuku Sultanate history museum, it is expected to increase the power to provide an overview of the history of the Nuku Sultanate in Tidore.
蒂多雷是马鲁古北部的一个苏丹国,是马鲁古基拉哈四个苏丹国的一部分,莫鲁古基拉哈是一个术语,指的是四个地区统治者,称为kolano:特尔纳特,蒂多雷,巴坎和Jailolo。蒂多苏丹国的黄金时代横跨了一个广阔的地区,马鲁古的大部分地区在东部,巴布亚地区,拥有丰富的历史和文化遗产。为了维护和保护历史遗迹,可以通过建立一个展示苏丹努库斗争历史的博物馆来进行努力,这样下一代人仍然可以看到前几代人遗留下来的历史证据。定性设计方法通过收集数据、分析数据、概念和设计建模来进行设计。通过对努库苏丹国历史博物馆的建模,预计将增加对蒂多地区努库苏丹国历史的概述。
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引用次数: 0
Mine Development and Operation (MDO) Planning Study of Temporary Ore Stockpile (TOS) at Laterite Nickel Mining Central Halmahera Regency North Maluku Province 北马鲁古省Halmahera Regency中部红土镍矿临时矿石储备(TOS)矿山开发与运营(MDO)规划研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10055
None Ayyub Abd. Hamid, None Amrih Halil, None Hilda Alakatiri
Mine development and operation (MDO) is a construction process in the development and operation of mines to provide areas for the construction of facilities and infrastructure such as road construction, Temporary Ore Stockpile (TOS) sites, Permanent Ore Stockpile (POS) locations, etc. The purpose of this research is to manage the mine out area in the MDO TOS planning so that it can increase nickel production at the CUU site at PT. IWIP, which is located in Central Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. MDO TOS planning is carried out for 2 weeks. The basic design considerations refer to the data provided by the company, such as the MDO TOS area design, topographical survey, cut and fill, laminating. Processing of MDO TOS planning data in this study used Surpac Gemcom 6.3 software. From the results of data processing, the cut volume was 14,382 BCM, the fill volume was 8,599 BCM, and the laminating volume was 20,303 BCM.
矿山开发运营(MDO)是矿山在开发运营过程中,为道路建设、临时矿库(TOS)、永久矿库(POS)等设施和基础设施的建设提供场所的建设过程。本研究的目的是在MDO TOS规划中管理采空区,以便它可以增加位于北马鲁古省中部Halmahera Regency的PT. IWIP的CUU场地的镍产量。MDO TOS计划进行2周。基本设计考虑参考公司提供的数据,如MDO TOS区域设计、地形测量、切填、层压等。本研究使用Surpac Gemcom 6.3软件处理MDO TOS规划数据。从数据处理结果来看,切割量为14,382 BCM,充填量为8,599 BCM,层压量为20,303 BCM。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Physiological Workload on Pure Coconut Oil Production Process 纯椰子油生产过程生理负荷分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10076
None Yulinda Sakinah Munim, None Sandi Rais, None Lita Asyriati Latif, None Sahdar Radjak, None Syarif Al Fajrin
This study aims to analyze the physiological workload in the virgin coconut oil production process based on energy expenditure evaluations and determine rest periods to ensure that work does not require excessive energy. Assessment of workload objectively using pulse indicators and energy consumption (energy cost) observations at the four stages of the virgin coconut oil production process, namely the process of stripping the coconut husk, the process of cutting the coconut shell, the process of grating the coconut and the process of cooking the coconut milk. The energy expenditure of workers in the coconut coir stripping section is 5,138 kcal/min, the coconut shell cutting section is 2,552 kcal/min, the coconut meat grating section is 3,575 kcal/min, and the coconut milk cooking section is 2,885 kcal/min. Hence the coco coir stripping workstation is included in the heavy workload category with an average cardiovascular load value of %CVL of 56%, which means that the work needs to be improved; the recommended work-rest cycle for workers at the coco peeling workstation is 47 minutes. The workstation for cutting coconut shells to cooking coconut milk is included in the category of moderate workload with a value of %CVL ≤33%, still within the recommended workload limit.
本研究旨在通过能量消耗评估来分析初榨椰子油生产过程中的生理工作量,并确定休息时间,以确保工作不需要过多的能量。在初榨椰子油生产过程的四个阶段,即剥离椰子壳的过程、切割椰子壳的过程、磨碎椰子的过程和煮椰奶的过程中,采用脉冲指标和能耗(能源成本)观察客观评估工作量。椰壳剥离工段工人能量消耗为5138千卡/分,椰壳切割工段为2552千卡/分,椰肉格栅工段为3575千卡/分,椰奶蒸煮工段为2885千卡/分。因此,椰壳剥壳工作站被列入重负荷类别,平均心血管负荷值%CVL为56%,这意味着工作需要改进;建议工人在可可剥皮工作站工作-休息周期为47分钟。切椰壳煮椰奶的工作站属于中等工作量,其值%CVL≤33%,仍在推荐工作量范围内。
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引用次数: 0
An Activity-Oriented Conceptual Framework for Mobile Learning Database Educational Classroom 面向活动的移动学习数据库教育课堂概念框架
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10117
None Trudi Komansilan, None Johan Reimon Batmetan, None Sondy C Kumajas
Mobile learning is very helpful in replacing the implementation of online teaching and learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of mobile learning will be very helpful in the implementation of teaching and learning activities, especially when using it as a learning medium. This needs to be regulated in a learning framework. We made modifications to the design framework of the m-Learning activity, to describe the Requirements & Constraint Analysis cycle, m-Learning scenario design, technology environment design, learner support services design. We found that the framework still needed additional Learning Outcomes at the beginning of the cycle. This learning achievement is important so that the learning carried out can be measured and evaluated as material in the future. The results of the development of this framework have been successfully implemented in database learning in vocational high schools. We conclude that this framework is very important to be applied to activity-oriented learning using mobile learning so that it can produce optimal learning outcomes.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,移动学习非常有助于取代在线教学活动的实施。移动学习的使用将对教学活动的实施非常有帮助,特别是当将其作为学习媒介时。这需要在一个学习框架中加以规范。我们对移动学习活动的设计框架进行了修改,以描述需求。约束分析周期,移动学习场景设计,技术环境设计,学习者支持服务设计。我们发现,在周期开始时,该框架仍然需要额外的学习成果。这一学习成果很重要,因为这样一来,所进行的学习就可以在将来作为材料进行测量和评估。该框架的开发成果已成功地应用于中职数据库学习中。我们得出的结论是,该框架非常重要,可以应用于使用移动学习的活动导向学习,从而产生最佳的学习效果。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Pavement Condition Index on Runway Pavement Sultan Babullah Ternate Airport 苏丹巴巴拉机场跑道路面状况指标的应用
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10074
None Sabaruddin, None M Taufik YS, None Rizky KS
The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) assessment is one method used to assess the state of airport runway pavement. The runway (flexible pavement) of Sultan Babullah Ternate Airport, which has a size of 2300 m by 45 m, served as the site for PCI research in this study. The ASTM D5340-12 procedure (Standard Test Method For Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys) was used to examine this PCI. The average PCI value of the entire sample was calculated from the results of the overall PCI study by averaging all PCI values for each sample, the results for the average PCI value of the entire sample were obtained at 60 (medium). Damage to STA 0+700 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculated value of 41, Damage to STA 0+750 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculated value of 41, Damage to STA 0+850 is on a bad scale with the value of the PCI calculation result is 31, Damage to STA 0+900 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 36, Damage to STA 0+950 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 34, Damage to STA 1+1050 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 59.
路面状况指数(PCI)评价是评价机场跑道路面状况的一种方法。Sultan Babullah Ternate机场的跑道(柔性路面)尺寸为2300米乘45米,作为本研究的PCI研究场地。ASTM D5340-12程序(机场路面状况指数调查的标准试验方法)用于检查该PCI。整个样本的平均PCI值由整个PCI研究结果计算,取每个样本的所有PCI值的平均值,整个样本的平均PCI值在60(中)时得到。损害STA 0 + 700是坏规模的PCI计算值41岁的损害STA 0 + 750是在糟糕的规模的PCI计算值41岁的损害STA 0 + 850是在糟糕的规模与PCI的值计算结果是31日,损害STA 0 + 900是在糟糕的规模与PCI计算结果值36,损害STA 0 + 950是在糟糕的规模与PCI计算结果34的价值,损害STA 1 + 1050是在糟糕的规模与PCI计算结果59的价值。
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引用次数: 0
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Technium
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