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Exclusive Stopping Space for Motorcycles (ESSM) technical design at signalized intersections 信号交叉口摩托车专用停车空间技术设计
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10040
None Muh Akbar, None Dewi Sriastuti Nababan, None Daud Andang Pasalli
The growth of motorcycles which continues to increase every year can lead to an increase in the number of accumulation of motorcycles on the approach to the intersection, so it is necessary to plan a Exclusive Stoping Spaces for Motorcycle (ESSM). The purpose of this study is to find out whether the street at the research location meets the requirements for ESSM planning by reviewing the number of motorbikes piled up during the red phase and planning the ESSM design. The method used in this study is an experimental method in accordance with the 2014 Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) and the Technical Planning Guidelines for Special Stopping Spaces in urban areas. The results of the study show that ESSM at signalized intersections in urban areas in Merauke City can be implemented in the next 15 years, namely in 2037. Of the four arms of signalized intersections, only 3 approaches can implement ESSM facilities, namely the Brawijaya Street approach, the TMP Street approach, and Parakomando Street approach. While the Angkasa Street approach cannot be applied to ESSM because it does not meet the requirements in the ESSM planning guidelines. The ESSM design on the Brawijaya Street approach uses a 2-lane box type ESSM with an area of 60 m2; on the TMP Street approach using a 2-lane box type ESSM with an area of 60 m2; on the Parakomando Street approach using a 2-lane box type ESSM with an area of 56 m2.
摩托车的增长每年都在持续增加,导致交叉口进近处摩托车的堆积数量增加,因此有必要规划摩托车专用停车空间(ESSM)。本研究的目的是通过回顾红色阶段堆积的摩托车数量并规划ESSM设计,以确定研究地点的街道是否符合ESSM规划的要求。本研究采用的方法是根据2014年印尼公路通行能力指南(PKJI)和城市地区特殊停车空间技术规划指南的实验方法。研究结果表明,在未来15年,即2037年,在Merauke市城区的信号交叉口可以实施ESSM。在信号交叉口的四个分支中,只有3个途径可以实施ESSM设施,即Brawijaya街途径、TMP街途径和Parakomando街途径。而Angkasa Street方法不能应用于ESSM,因为它不符合ESSM规划指南的要求。brwijaya街的ESSM设计采用了2车道的盒子式ESSM,面积为60平方米;在TMP街方法上,使用面积为60平方米的2车道箱形辅助公路;在Parakomando街道上使用了面积为56平方米的2车道箱型ESSM。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation Deep Learning Method On Decision Support System For Smart Indonesia Card Scholarship At University Of KH. Bahaudin Mudhary Madura 深度学习方法在印尼智能卡决策支持系统中的实现。Bahaudin mudhari Madura
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10095
None Mohammad Iqbal Bachtiar, None Rachmad Hidayat
Scholarships are financial aid or funds awarded to individuals or groups to support education, research, or other academic development. There are many types of scholarships such as academic achievement scholarships, non-academic achievement scholarships, financial scholarships, and others. College scholarships are financial aid or funds provided to students to assist them in their pursuit of higher education. Scholarships in tertiary institutions can be full such as smart card scholarships or partial such as free tuition scholarships, and the aim is to encourage wider access to education and help students who are talented but face financial constraints in pursuing their education. At the University of KH. Bahaudin Mudhary Madura for scholarship applicants there are very many, there are hundreds or even nearly thousands of students who register, especially on the smart Indonesian card scholarship and this also requires very fast time and a good level of accuracy in decision making. Therefore, it requires a decision support system. In this study, the deep learning method was applied to a decision support system with a loss of 1.43%, an accuracy rate of 98.57% and a system runtime of 77ms/step.
奖学金是授予个人或团体的经济援助或资金,以支持教育、研究或其他学术发展。奖学金有很多种类型,如学术成就奖学金、非学术成就奖学金、财政奖学金等。大学奖学金是提供给学生的经济援助或资金,以帮助他们接受高等教育。高等教育院校的奖学金可以是全额奖学金(如智能卡奖学金),也可以是部分奖学金(如免学费奖学金),目的是鼓励更多人接受教育,帮助有才能但在求学过程中面临经济困难的学生。在KH大学。Bahaudin Mudhary Madura申请奖学金的学生非常多,有数百甚至近数千名学生注册,特别是在智能印尼卡奖学金上,这也需要非常快的时间和很高的决策准确性。因此,它需要一个决策支持系统。在本研究中,深度学习方法应用于一个决策支持系统,其损失为1.43%,准确率为98.57%,系统运行时间为77ms/step。
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引用次数: 0
Level of road user satisfaction with safety and confort on jalan Mohammad hatta 道路使用者对jalan Mohammad hatta的安全及舒适程度的满意程度
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10051
None Chitra Utary, None Muh Akbar, None Dhea Riski Amanda
Mohammad Hatta Road is a type of district road that is used as a link between Kurik District and MalindiMalindiMalindi District. The increased activity and mobility of residents on Jalan Mohammad Hatta have not been balanced with safety and comfort for road users, such as damage to the road body and a lack of supporting facilities on the road. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the lack of safety and comfort levels of road users and the influence between satisfaction variables on safety and comfort variables on Jalan Mohammad Hatta. This research method uses the correlation test method. This test is used to find the relationship between variable X (satisfaction) and variable Y (safety and comfort) on Jalan Mohammad Hatta which has bad road conditions. The data used in this study were obtained by distributing questionnaires with a total sample of 394 respondents. The results of this study showed that people were dissatisfied a percentage of 83.61%, insecure with a percentage of 83.92%, and very uncomfortable with percentage of 84.01%, in terms of several factors, namely road conditions, stability of vehicles, health, travel effectiveness, economy, pavement structure, socio-cultural conditions, facilities, and accessibility. There is a relationship between the satisfaction variable and the safety variable with a correlation value of 0.905 and a relationship between the satisfaction variable and the comfort variable with a correlation value of 0.886. So it shows that the higher the level of safety and comfort, the higher the level of satisfaction of road users.
穆罕默德哈塔路是一种地区道路,被用作Kurik区和MalindiMalindiMalindi区之间的联系。Jalan Mohammad Hatta上居民活动和机动性的增加与道路使用者的安全和舒适没有得到平衡,例如道路体的损坏和道路上缺乏配套设施。本研究的目的是确定影响道路使用者缺乏安全和舒适水平的因素,以及满意度变量对安全变量和舒适变量对Jalan Mohammad Hatta的影响。本研究方法采用相关检验方法。本检验用于在路况较差的Jalan Mohammad Hatta上寻找变量X(满意度)与变量Y(安全性和舒适性)之间的关系。本研究使用的数据是通过发放问卷获得的,总共有394名受访者。本研究结果表明,在道路状况、车辆稳定性、健康、旅行有效性、经济、路面结构、社会文化条件、设施和可达性等几个因素方面,人们不满意的比例为83.61%,不安全的比例为83.92%,非常不舒服的比例为84.01%。满意度变量与安全变量的相关值为0.905,满意度变量与舒适变量的相关值为0.886。由此可见,安全性和舒适性水平越高,道路使用者的满意度水平越高。
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引用次数: 0
Preserving Cultural Identity through Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Tenganan Village (Desa Adat) 通过建筑保护文化身份——以天加南传统村落(Desa Adat)为例
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10078
None Suci Elvira, None Endah Harisun, None Haryati
This research investigates the role of architecture in preserving cultural identity through a case study of Tenganan Customary Village. The village features rich traditional architecture with distinctive cultural values. Through the use of traditional building materials, unique architectural features, organized spatial arrangement, cultural activities, rituals, and active community involvement, the cultural identity of Tenganan Village has been successfully maintained and preserved. The study employs a qualitative approach, incorporating literature review, field survey, and interviews as data collection methods. The research findings highlight the significant role of architecture in cultural identity preservation, with active community participation being a key factor in sustaining the culture. These findings offer valuable insights for policymaking and practices in preserving cultural identity through architecture, not only in Tenganan Customary Village but also in other regions with rich cultural heritage.
本研究以天加南习俗村为例,探讨建筑在保护文化身份方面的作用。该村拥有丰富的传统建筑,具有鲜明的文化价值。通过使用传统的建筑材料、独特的建筑特色、有组织的空间安排、文化活动、仪式和社区的积极参与,成功地保持和保存了天加南村的文化特征。本研究采用定性方法,结合文献综述、实地调查和访谈作为数据收集方法。研究结果强调了建筑在文化身份保护中的重要作用,积极的社区参与是维持文化的关键因素。这些发现为通过建筑保护文化身份的政策制定和实践提供了宝贵的见解,不仅适用于Tenganan习俗村,也适用于其他文化遗产丰富的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Design of a Loadbased Battery Discharge System in a Remote Island Using Marine Currents and Solar Energy as Energy Sources 以海流和太阳能为能源的海岛负载式电池放电系统设计
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10058
None Faanzir Faanzir, None Umar Umar, None Iswan Iswan
This paper proposes a plan of electric system on a remote island that utilizes the power of marine currents and solar. The supply system is carried out in a decentralized battery and a centralized battery. The types of batteries used is Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion). The decentralized battery system and the centralized battery, refer to each customer's load power. Power customer loads using DC (Direct Current) equipment and lighting. The battery voltage used as a source is 48 V while the customer uses 12 V. The use of batteries as the main source to meet the electricity needs of various types of customers uses a maximum current of about 3.8 A.
本文提出了一种利用海流和太阳能发电的偏远岛屿电力系统方案。供电系统在分散电池和集中电池中进行。使用的电池类型是锂离子(Li-Ion)。分散蓄电池系统和集中蓄电池系统,是指每个客户的负载功率。使用DC(直流)设备和照明为客户负载供电。作为电源的电池电压为48v,而客户使用12v。以电池为主要电源,以满足各类客户的用电需求,最大电流约3.8 a。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of Microplastics in the Marine Ecosystem of North Maluku 北马鲁古海洋生态系统中的微塑料概述
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10056
None Badrun Ahmad, None Muhammad Taufiq Y.S, None Sudirman Hi Umar
North Maluku has been the site of microplastic study for some years. The goal of this paper is to revisit the earlier analysis. The intent is to be a quick guide for scholars studying microplastics in North Maluku. Additionally, this article's goal is to quantitatively analyse some of the findings from the research that has been done. The terms "Microplastics in the North Maluku Sea" were entered into the search engines Google Scholar and Science Direct to conduct journal and research searches. Previous studies on microplastics on Mare Island looked at sediments in the island's waters and the levels of microplastics in various kinds of sea cucumbers. A total of 272 microplastic fragments were discovered in sea cucumbers. At the same time, two stations were doing a study on deposits. Microplastics weighing between 17,000 and 37,000 particles/kg of dry sediment were discovered at the first station in Maregam. 13,839-30,666 particles/kg of silt were discovered in Marekofo. According to research conducted on the island of Ternate, skipjack tuna contains up to 948 microplastic particles that were collected from 16 market fish samples. According to studies on other fish species like Epinephelus Fuscogutattus, E. coioides, and E. Suillus, the digestive tract of fish contains 594 microplastic particles.
多年来,北马鲁古岛一直是微塑料研究的地点。本文的目的是回顾前面的分析。其目的是为研究北马鲁古岛微塑料的学者提供一个快速指南。此外,本文的目的是定量分析一些已经完成的研究结果。在搜索引擎谷歌Scholar和Science Direct中输入“北马鲁古海的微塑料”一词,进行期刊和研究搜索。之前对马雷岛微塑料的研究考察了该岛水域的沉积物和各种海参中微塑料的含量。在海参中共发现了272个微塑料碎片。与此同时,两个监测站正在对沉积物进行研究。在Maregam的第一个站点,每公斤干沉积物中发现了17,000到37,000颗粒的微塑料,在Marekofo的淤泥中发现了13,839到30,666颗粒。根据在特尔纳特岛进行的研究,从16个市场鱼类样本中收集的鲣鱼含有多达948个微塑料颗粒。根据对其他鱼类的研究,如尖尾石斑鱼、E. coioides和E. Suillus,鱼的消化道含有594个微塑料颗粒。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Cow Compost and Sago from Charcoal on The Growth of Sawy (Brassica juncea L.) 牛堆肥和木炭西米对芥菜生长的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10049
None Diana Susanti, None Nemo Alexia A, None Resubun Mariana L, None Rangga Kusumah, None Nurhaya J. Panga
This study aims to examine the effect of the combined treatment of sago midrib charcoal planting media with different dose levels of cowshed compost on the growth of mustard plants. The study was conducted in Mandala Village, Merauke Regency from February 2022 to March 2022 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with 12 treatment combinations and 4 replicates, namely: A1B1 (soil without cow manure compost), A1B2 (soil + 5 tons of cow manure compost/ ha) A1B3 (soil + cowshed compost 10 tons/ha), A1B4 (soil + cowshed compost 15 tons/ha), A2B1 (soil + sago midrib charcoal without cowshed compost), A2B2 (soil + sago charcoal + compost cowshed 5 tons/ha), A2B3 (soil + charcoal from sago fronds + compost from cowshed 10 tons/ha), A2B4 (soil + charcoal from sago leaves + compost from cowshed 15 tons; ha), A3B1 (sago midrib charcoal without compost cattle), A3B2 (charcoal + 5 ton/ha cowshed compost), A3B3 (sago frond charcoal + 10 ton/ha cowshed compost), A3B4 (sago frond charcoal + 15 ton/ha cowshed compost). The results showed that the combination of the treatment of planting media and cowshed compost had a significant and very significant effect on the A1B4 treatment (soil medium + 15 ton/ha cowshed compost dose) on parameters of plant height (39.75 cm), leaf length at 40 Hst (226.25 mm) and total harvested weight (72 grams). Furthermore, the A2B3 treatment combination (soil medium + sago frond charcoal + 10 tons/ha cowshed compost) showed significantly different yields on the number of leaves parameter (9.75) and the A2B4 treatment (soil medium + sago palm charcoal + 15 cowshed compost) ton/ha) on leaf width parameter (122.75 mm).
本试验旨在研究西米中脉炭种植介质与不同剂量牛棚堆肥组合处理对芥菜植株生长的影响。研究于2022年2月至2022年3月在Merauke Regency的Mandala村进行,采用因子随机区组设计,12个治疗组合,4个重复,即:A1B1(土壤不加牛粪堆肥)、A1B2(土壤+ 5吨牛粪堆肥/公顷)、A1B3(土壤+牛棚堆肥10吨/公顷)、A1B4(土壤+西米秸秆炭不加牛棚堆肥)、A2B2(土壤+西米秸秆炭+牛棚堆肥5吨/公顷)、A2B3(土壤+西米叶片炭+牛棚堆肥10吨/公顷)、A2B4(土壤+西米叶片炭+牛棚堆肥15吨/公顷);公顷),A3B1(西米中叶木炭不堆肥牛),A3B2(木炭+ 5吨/公顷的牛棚堆肥),A3B3(西米叶木炭+ 10吨/公顷的牛棚堆肥),A3B4(西米叶木炭+ 15吨/公顷的牛棚堆肥)。结果表明,在A1B4处理(土壤介质+ 15 t /ha牛棚堆肥用量)下,种植介质与牛棚堆肥组合处理对水稻株高(39.75 cm)、40 Hst时叶长(226.25 mm)和总收获重(72 g)的影响显著且极显著。此外,A2B3处理组合(土壤介质+西米叶炭+ 10吨/公顷牛棚堆肥)在叶片数参数(9.75吨/公顷)和A2B4处理(土壤介质+西米叶炭+ 15吨/公顷牛棚堆肥)在叶宽参数(122.75毫米)上的产量差异显著。
{"title":"Application of Cow Compost and Sago from Charcoal on The Growth of Sawy (Brassica juncea L.)","authors":"None Diana Susanti, None Nemo Alexia A, None Resubun Mariana L, None Rangga Kusumah, None Nurhaya J. Panga","doi":"10.47577/technium.v17i.10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v17i.10049","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the effect of the combined treatment of sago midrib charcoal planting media with different dose levels of cowshed compost on the growth of mustard plants. The study was conducted in Mandala Village, Merauke Regency from February 2022 to March 2022 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with 12 treatment combinations and 4 replicates, namely: A1B1 (soil without cow manure compost), A1B2 (soil + 5 tons of cow manure compost/ ha) A1B3 (soil + cowshed compost 10 tons/ha), A1B4 (soil + cowshed compost 15 tons/ha), A2B1 (soil + sago midrib charcoal without cowshed compost), A2B2 (soil + sago charcoal + compost cowshed 5 tons/ha), A2B3 (soil + charcoal from sago fronds + compost from cowshed 10 tons/ha), A2B4 (soil + charcoal from sago leaves + compost from cowshed 15 tons; ha), A3B1 (sago midrib charcoal without compost cattle), A3B2 (charcoal + 5 ton/ha cowshed compost), A3B3 (sago frond charcoal + 10 ton/ha cowshed compost), A3B4 (sago frond charcoal + 15 ton/ha cowshed compost). The results showed that the combination of the treatment of planting media and cowshed compost had a significant and very significant effect on the A1B4 treatment (soil medium + 15 ton/ha cowshed compost dose) on parameters of plant height (39.75 cm), leaf length at 40 Hst (226.25 mm) and total harvested weight (72 grams). Furthermore, the A2B3 treatment combination (soil medium + sago frond charcoal + 10 tons/ha cowshed compost) showed significantly different yields on the number of leaves parameter (9.75) and the A2B4 treatment (soil medium + sago palm charcoal + 15 cowshed compost) ton/ha) on leaf width parameter (122.75 mm).","PeriodicalId":490649,"journal":{"name":"Technium","volume":"151 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Analysis Of Flow Capacity Variation and Distance Between Louvered Strip Constant Angle 25o Of Heat Transfer and Pressure Decrease On The Heat Exchanger 换热降压和换热角度为25o的百叶带间流量变化及距离分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10068
None Ishak Usman, None Kifli Umar, None Sandi Rais, None Rian A. Rahman
This study aims to determine the effect of variations in flow rate and the louvered strip inclination angle on heat transfer in a double-pipe heat exchanger and the impact of variations in flow rate and inclination angle of the louvered strip on the inner tube pressure drop in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Three pieces of louvered strips at 50 mm, 70 mm, 90 mm are inserted into the inner tube of the heat exchanger with a constant tilt angle of 25°. Cold and hot water are used at a constant value where the cold-water flow rate is 600 liters/hour and V = 900 liters/hour, while the hot water flow rate is 1200 liters/hour. The inlet and outlet temperatures of both hot and cold water are measured, and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger are calculated as a result of the pressure drop that occurs in the inner tube due to the difference in height on the U-tube manometer used.
本研究旨在确定流量和百叶条倾角变化对双管换热器换热的影响,以及流量和百叶条倾角变化对双管换热器管内压降的影响。将三片50mm、70mm、90mm的百叶条以25°的恒定倾角插入换热器内管。冷水和热水采用定值,冷水流量为600升/小时,V = 900升/小时,热水流量为1200升/小时。测量了热水和冷水的入口和出口温度,并计算了换热器的传热特性,这是由于所使用的u型管压力计的高度差异而导致的内管压降的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Blade Quantity Variations on Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Type Taperless Airfoil SG6043 Using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) 基于叶素动量(BEM)的水平轴风力机型无锥度翼型SG6043叶片数量变化分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10109
None Pratama Ricky Novianto, None Fahrudin Fahrudin, None Damora Rhakasywi, None Tatik Juwairiyah
The design of taperless blades using the SG6043 Airfoil with different blade quantities through BEM simulation method is expected to serve as a reference for determining the design that yields the best operational efficiency. Simulation results show that the highest Cp value for the Taperless blade design is achieved with a variation of 3 wind turbine blades, resulting in a Cp value of 0.45 in the BEM simulation. The highest Cp value for the Taperless blade design with 4 wind turbine blades is 0.48 in the BEM simulation. Meanwhile, the highest Cp value for the Taperless blade design with 5 wind turbine blades is 0.47 in the BEM simulation. For low TSR values within the range of 1-4, turbines with 5 blades perform the best among various blade quantity variations, resulting in the highest Cp value. On the other hand, for high TSR values within the range of 5-10, turbines with the fewest blades, specifically 3 blades, achieve the highest Cp value.
采用不同叶片数量的SG6043翼型,通过BEM模拟方法进行无锥度叶片的设计,有望为确定产生最佳运行效率的设计提供参考。仿真结果表明,无锥度叶片设计的最高Cp值为3片风力叶片的变化,BEM仿真的Cp值为0.45。在BEM模拟中,4片叶片的无锥度叶片设计的最高Cp值为0.48。同时,在BEM模拟中,5片风力机叶片的无锥度叶片设计的最高Cp值为0.47。当TSR值在1 ~ 4范围内较低时,5片叶片的涡轮在各种叶片数量变化中表现最好,因此Cp值最高。另一方面,当TSR值在5-10范围内较高时,叶片数最少的涡轮,即3片叶片,其Cp值最高。
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引用次数: 0
Dungeon Code: Educational Game For Algorithm and Data Structure Courses by Applying The Game Development Life Cycle Method 《地下城代码:应用游戏开发生命周期方法的算法和数据结构课程教育游戏》
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.47577/technium.v17i.10060
None Fakhri Amin, None Muhammad Fhadli, None Assaf Arief, None Yasir Muin
Algorithm and Data Structure is a basic course in Informatics Study Program, at Khairun University. This subject needs to be mastered because it becomes the foundation that can support the learning process in the future. However, from the results of a survey conducted, as many as 40% of students felt bored with the teaching methods used by Algorithm and Data Structure lecturers in class. In addition, there were also 73.33% of students that even though they paid attention to the material presented in class, they still found it difficult to understand the material. To overcome this problem, new learning media is needed in the classroom, such as games. This study aims to design educational games that teach algorithms and data structures using the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) method. The GDLC is a game development method that is widely used to create educational games. The GDLC method has several development stages, namely initiation, pre-production, production, testing, beta, and release. Alpha test results show that all functionality is appropriate. While the results of beta testing show the number 3.43 of the total respondents' answers to the questionnaire related to game evaluation so they are included in the very good criteria.
算法与数据结构是凯润大学信息学专业的一门基础课程。这门学科需要掌握,因为它成为支持未来学习过程的基础。然而,从一项调查的结果来看,多达40%的学生对算法和数据结构讲师在课堂上使用的教学方法感到厌烦。此外,也有73.33%的学生表示,即使他们注意了课堂上呈现的材料,但他们仍然觉得很难理解材料。为了克服这一问题,课堂上需要新的学习媒介,比如游戏。本研究旨在设计使用游戏开发生命周期(GDLC)方法教授算法和数据结构的教育游戏。GDLC是一种广泛用于制作教育类游戏的游戏开发方法。GDLC方法有几个开发阶段,即初始化、预生产、生产、测试、beta和发布。Alpha测试结果显示所有功能都是合适的。虽然beta测试的结果显示有3.43名受访者回答了与游戏评估相关的问卷,所以他们被纳入了非常优秀的标准。
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引用次数: 0
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