Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370446
Leslie Mertz
The Most Advanced diagnostic technologies may be amazing, but they often do not make it to resource-limited settings, including those places where particularly dangerous pathogens are more prevalent, crowded conditions make outbreaks more likely, or medical facilities are less available.
{"title":"Solving an Unmet Need: Effective, Inexpensive Diagnostics for Resource-Limited Settings","authors":"Leslie Mertz","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370446","url":null,"abstract":"The Most Advanced diagnostic technologies may be amazing, but they often do not make it to resource-limited settings, including those places where particularly dangerous pathogens are more prevalent, crowded conditions make outbreaks more likely, or medical facilities are less available.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370449
Muhammad H. Zaman
Humanitarian emergencies, catalyzed in part by increased armed conflicts in many parts of the world, have resulted in the precious loss of life and strained or destroyed local health systems that are no longer capable of providing care to those who desperately need it [1] . At the same time, millions of people remain in refugee camps, slums, and informal settlements for decades with limited provisions for adequate and quality care. In addition to existing health challenges, these complex emergencies provide a fertile environment for the emergence of new pathogens that can impact communities and countries all around the world. For humanitarian emergencies and protracted crises, the need for terrain ready and robust diagnostics cannot be underestimated. At the same time, context-appropriate tools to diagnose and manage chronic diseases are also badly needed. Humanitarian agencies, working in these at-risk communities, are often in need of not just cash and medical supplies, but also require trained professionals [2] who are comfortable with technology, can innovate, and guide and train others in appropriate use of technology.
{"title":"Training Biomedical Engineers for Humanitarian Emergencies","authors":"Muhammad H. Zaman","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370449","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian emergencies, catalyzed in part by increased armed conflicts in many parts of the world, have resulted in the precious loss of life and strained or destroyed local health systems that are no longer capable of providing care to those who desperately need it <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[1]</xref>\u0000. At the same time, millions of people remain in refugee camps, slums, and informal settlements for decades with limited provisions for adequate and quality care. In addition to existing health challenges, these complex emergencies provide a fertile environment for the emergence of new pathogens that can impact communities and countries all around the world. For humanitarian emergencies and protracted crises, the need for terrain ready and robust diagnostics cannot be underestimated. At the same time, context-appropriate tools to diagnose and manage chronic diseases are also badly needed. Humanitarian agencies, working in these at-risk communities, are often in need of not just cash and medical supplies, but also require trained professionals <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[2]</xref> who are comfortable with technology, can innovate, and guide and train others in appropriate use of technology.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370008
Jim Banks
Throughout history, the world’s biggest technological innovations have emerged from rich countries. Resource availability, economic prosperity that supports specialization in key areas of science and industry, and the concentrated centers of learning that such economies create all support this model. But history sometimes turns back on itself, and this is one of those moments.
{"title":"Reversing the Innovation Pathway Could Be the Key to Cost-Efficient Health Care","authors":"Jim Banks","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370008","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, the world’s biggest technological innovations have emerged from rich countries. Resource availability, economic prosperity that supports specialization in key areas of science and industry, and the concentrated centers of learning that such economies create all support this model. But history sometimes turns back on itself, and this is one of those moments.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370429
K. S. Parikh, A. Fuleihan, S. Acharya, T. Sathi, T. Hasan, K. H. Yao, Y. Yazdi
Health Care Innovation is the creation, development, and translation of new and better solutions to health care challenges. At its core, this endeavor does not require extending the frontiers of science or the creation of new fundamental technologies. Rather, it is primarily focused on the use of existing science and established technologies in the design of new solutions to problems in health care. Successfully innovating for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires a needs and stakeholder-driven approach to enable development and adoption of available, accessible, and acceptable solutions tailored to the specific need and context of care.
{"title":"Health Care Innovation for Low-Resource Settings: The Value of Local Immersion and Partnership","authors":"K. S. Parikh, A. Fuleihan, S. Acharya, T. Sathi, T. Hasan, K. H. Yao, Y. Yazdi","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370429","url":null,"abstract":"Health Care Innovation is the creation, development, and translation of new and better solutions to health care challenges. At its core, this endeavor does not require extending the frontiers of science or the creation of new fundamental technologies. Rather, it is primarily focused on the use of existing science and established technologies in the design of new solutions to problems in health care. Successfully innovating for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires a needs and stakeholder-driven approach to enable development and adoption of available, accessible, and acceptable solutions tailored to the specific need and context of care.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370007
Mike Hess
Few themes in health care require the breadth of innovation as closing disparities found in low resource settings. Defining an unmet need for regions and populations who have been deprived of care found elsewhere, and then formulating a solution calls for openmindeness and a broad skill set. The vectors of innovation may range from new technical solutions to changing the care pathway, or novel means of paying for health care.
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"Mike Hess","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3370007","url":null,"abstract":"Few themes in health care require the breadth of innovation as closing disparities found in low resource settings. Defining an unmet need for regions and populations who have been deprived of care found elsewhere, and then formulating a solution calls for openmindeness and a broad skill set. The vectors of innovation may range from new technical solutions to changing the care pathway, or novel means of paying for health care.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354609
Arthur T. Johnson
Can artificial intelligence (AI) systems ever achieve anything close to consciousness? There is presently an intense speculation about whether they can or cannot [6] .
人工智能（AI）系统能否达到接近意识的程度？目前，人们正在激烈地猜测它们是能还是不能[6]。
{"title":"Consciousness for Artificial Intelligence?","authors":"Arthur T. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354609","url":null,"abstract":"Can artificial intelligence (AI) systems ever achieve anything close to consciousness? There is presently an intense speculation about whether they can or cannot <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[6]</xref>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3361348
Paul H. King
From the text advertising blurb, “This book presents the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing” and “This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in biomedical signal processing, signal processing, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and computer science,” and aims to present “the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing.” It is further noted as the first of a series on Biomedical Signal and Image Processing series texts to be published by CRC Press. The text consists of some 14 chapters subdivided into four sections. Two editors are listed, the contributors page names 11 authors (including the two editors), and some 30+ additional authors are named in individual chapters. An overview by this reviewer follows.
{"title":"Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach","authors":"Paul H. King","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3361348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3361348","url":null,"abstract":"From the text advertising blurb, “This book presents the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing” and “This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in biomedical signal processing, signal processing, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and computer science,” and aims to present “the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing.” It is further noted as the first of a series on Biomedical Signal and Image Processing series texts to be published by CRC Press. The text consists of some 14 chapters subdivided into four sections. Two editors are listed, the contributors page names 11 authors (including the two editors), and some 30+ additional authors are named in individual chapters. An overview by this reviewer follows.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3357008
Danilo Mandic, Matteo Bermond, Edoardo Occhipinti, Harry J. Davies, Ghena Hammour, Amir Nassibi
It is predicted that the global shipment of smart wearables will approach 302.2 million devices in 2023, increasing from 222.9 million devices in 2019 [1] . It was also forecast in 2019 that the number of ear-worn devices—so-called hearables—would rise to 105.3 million in 2023, from 72 million in 2019 [2] . Given the relatively fixed position of the head with respect to the brain and vital organs in most of the daily activities, hearables provide more consistent recordings compared to more mobile parts of the body, such as the wrists. This allows for robust recordings of the both electroencephalogram (EEG) [3] , [4] , [5] , electrocardiogram (ECG) [6] , and photoplethysmogram (PPG) [7] , together with the derived measures including the heart rate (HR) [4] , respiratory rate [8] , blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) [7] , and blood glucose levels [9] .
{"title":"In Your Ear: A Multimodal Hearables Device for the Assessment of the State of Body and Mind","authors":"Danilo Mandic, Matteo Bermond, Edoardo Occhipinti, Harry J. Davies, Ghena Hammour, Amir Nassibi","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3357008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3357008","url":null,"abstract":"It is predicted that the global shipment of smart wearables will approach 302.2 million devices in 2023, increasing from 222.9 million devices in 2019 <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[1]</xref>\u0000. It was also forecast in 2019 that the number of ear-worn devices—so-called hearables—would rise to 105.3 million in 2023, from 72 million in 2019 <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[2]</xref>\u0000. Given the relatively fixed position of the head with respect to the brain and vital organs in most of the daily activities, hearables provide more consistent recordings compared to more mobile parts of the body, such as the wrists. This allows for robust recordings of the both electroencephalogram (EEG) <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[3]</xref>\u0000, <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[4]</xref>\u0000, <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[5]</xref>\u0000, electrocardiogram (ECG) <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[6]</xref>\u0000, and photoplethysmogram (PPG) <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[7]</xref>\u0000, together with the derived measures including the heart rate (HR) <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[4]</xref>\u0000, respiratory rate <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[8]</xref>\u0000, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[7]</xref>\u0000, and blood glucose levels <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" r xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[9]</xref>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354610
Arthur T. Johnson
One reason for all engineers to learn about biological evolution is that evolution is a paradigm for the engineering design process. Consider that the first attempt at a practical technical solution to some societal need is usually fairly crude and not very satisfying. However, as the first attempt, it finds some acceptance, and can be produced and marketed with the advantage of being first. As customer feedback builds, improvements begin to be apparent. The next prototype incorporates these improvements, as much as possible, and meets the societal need better than the first model. Technological advances usually occur incrementally, and these are incorporated into subsequent models as they become known. The product, like the technological knowledge, improves incrementally. Market success usually guarantees that there will be competition with other, similar, products meant to attract customers interested in that class of products. As the field becomes more mature, the differences among products become more and more subtle.
{"title":"Engineering Design Parallels Biology","authors":"Arthur T. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2024.3354610","url":null,"abstract":"One reason for all engineers to learn about biological evolution is that evolution is a paradigm for the engineering design process. Consider that the first attempt at a practical technical solution to some societal need is usually fairly crude and not very satisfying. However, as the first attempt, it finds some acceptance, and can be produced and marketed with the advantage of being first. As customer feedback builds, improvements begin to be apparent. The next prototype incorporates these improvements, as much as possible, and meets the societal need better than the first model. Technological advances usually occur incrementally, and these are incorporated into subsequent models as they become known. The product, like the technological knowledge, improves incrementally. Market success usually guarantees that there will be competition with other, similar, products meant to attract customers interested in that class of products. As the field becomes more mature, the differences among products become more and more subtle.","PeriodicalId":49065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Pulse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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