{"title":"KISLING, Vernon N. (editor). Zoo and aquarium history: ancient animal collections to conservation centers","authors":"Harriet Ritvo","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MURPHY, Sheera. ‘The first national museum’: Dublin's Natural History Museum in the mid-nineteenth century","authors":"Maggie Reilly","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49262154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1920, Casey Albert Wood (1856–1942), a prominent Canadian ophthalmologist and bibliophile, began what was essentially a second career as an amateur ornithologist and author. This paper examines the path Wood followed as he learned more about birds and developed a network of colleagues that aided his transition to a respected member of the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) and prolific author on ornithology. It also seeks to place Wood's ornithological writings within the contemporary scientific and popular literature on birds. After his retirement from medical practice in 1920, Wood and his wife Emma (née Shearer) (1859–1951) travelled extensively and Wood's ornithological observations were published in journals varying from scientific publications like the AOU's The Auk and the Cooper Ornithological Society's The Condor, to more popular magazines like the Audubon Society of the Pacific's The Gull. Wood's contributions often combined natural history observation with literary allusions and personal reminiscence. Towards the end of his second career, Wood turned to his bibliophile interests, publishing a catalogue of the McGill Library holdings in vertebrate zoology as well as a translation co-authored with his niece Florence Marjorie Fyfe (1892–1965) of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen's De arte venandi cum avibus. Wood was representative of an earlier generation of gentlemen ornithologists, eulogized in his obituary in The Auk as “probably the most broadly cultured and deeply learned of his generation in our Union”.
1920年，加拿大著名眼科医生和藏书家凯西·阿尔伯特·伍德(Casey Albert Wood, 1856-1942)开始了他的第二职业——业余鸟类学家和作家。本文考察了伍德所走过的道路，他学习了更多关于鸟类的知识，并建立了一个同事网络，帮助他成为美国鸟类学家联盟(AOU)受人尊敬的成员，并成为鸟类学方面的多产作家。它还试图将伍德的鸟类学著作置于当代关于鸟类的科学和通俗文学之中。1920年从医疗行业退休后，伍德和他的妻子艾玛(nacime Shearer)(1859-1951)进行了广泛的旅行，伍德的鸟类学观察结果发表在各种期刊上，从科学出版物，如美国鸟类学会的《海雀》和库珀鸟类学会的《秃鹰》，到更流行的杂志，如太平洋奥杜邦学会的《海鸥》。伍德的作品经常将自然历史观察与文学典故和个人回忆结合起来。在他的第二职业生涯即将结束时，伍德转向了他的藏书家兴趣，出版了麦吉尔图书馆收藏的脊椎动物动物学目录，以及与他的侄女Florence Marjorie Fyfe(1892-1965)共同撰写的弗雷德里克二世的De arte venandi cum avibus的翻译。伍德是早期绅士鸟类学家的代表，他在《海雀》(The Auk)上的讣告中被称赞为“可能是我们联邦这一代人中最有文化、最有学问的人”。
{"title":"Seeing birds: Dr Casey Wood's (1856–1942) second career","authors":"Victoria Dickenson","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0835","url":null,"abstract":"In 1920, Casey Albert Wood (1856–1942), a prominent Canadian ophthalmologist and bibliophile, began what was essentially a second career as an amateur ornithologist and author. This paper examines the path Wood followed as he learned more about birds and developed a network of colleagues that aided his transition to a respected member of the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) and prolific author on ornithology. It also seeks to place Wood's ornithological writings within the contemporary scientific and popular literature on birds. After his retirement from medical practice in 1920, Wood and his wife Emma (née Shearer) (1859–1951) travelled extensively and Wood's ornithological observations were published in journals varying from scientific publications like the AOU's The Auk and the Cooper Ornithological Society's The Condor, to more popular magazines like the Audubon Society of the Pacific's The Gull. Wood's contributions often combined natural history observation with literary allusions and personal reminiscence. Towards the end of his second career, Wood turned to his bibliophile interests, publishing a catalogue of the McGill Library holdings in vertebrate zoology as well as a translation co-authored with his niece Florence Marjorie Fyfe (1892–1965) of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen's De arte venandi cum avibus. Wood was representative of an earlier generation of gentlemen ornithologists, eulogized in his obituary in The Auk as “probably the most broadly cultured and deeply learned of his generation in our Union”.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42406435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VAN DE ROEMER, Bert, PIETERS, Florence, MULDER, Hans, ETHERIDGE, Kay and VAN DELFT, Marieke (editors). Maria Sibylla Merian: changing the nature of art and science","authors":"William Beharrell","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Hardwicke’s use of a Nepali vernacular name “Wah” for Ailurus fulgens (red panda, also known as the lesser panda or red bear-cat) in his 1821 report to the Linnean Society of London, and its eventual publication in 1827, has enabled a connection to be made between a mysterious “stuffed otter” found in a Kathmandu bazaar in 1818 and an illustration from Hardwicke’s natural history collection held at the Linnean Society of London. The “stuffed otter” was referred to in letters from Edward Gardner of the British Residency in Kathmandu to Nathaniel Wallich in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. These reveal the seminal role played by Bharat Singh in the realization that this animal was unusual and in his procuring further specimens and ecological information about it from traders in Nepal. Singh was one of Wallich’s plant collectors stationed in Kathmandu and was probably also the source of red panda specimens sent to Paris by Alfred Duvaucel. Duvuacel’s specimens were used by Frédéric Cuvier as the basis of the first scientific description of the species in 1825, which predated that of Hardwicke by two years. The importance of indigenous knowledge in scientific discovery in the Indian subcontinent and role of communication networks are demonstrated. Hidden stories such as these can be uncovered by close scrutiny of archival sources, in this case predominately the Wallich Correspondence at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden and the Hardwicke material at the Linnean Society of London, and make a significant contribution to the decolonization of collections held in the West.
托马斯·哈德威克(Thomas Hardwicke)在1821年给伦敦林奈学会(Linnean Society of London)的报告和1827年最终出版的报告中，使用了一个尼泊尔本土名字“Wah”来命名Ailurus fulgens(小熊猫，也被称为小熊猫或红熊猫)，这使得1818年在加德满都集市上发现的神秘“填充水獭”与哈德威克在伦敦林奈学会(Linnean Society of London)收藏的自然历史插图之间建立了联系。英国驻加德满都大使馆的爱德华·加德纳(Edward Gardner)在写给加尔各答植物园的纳撒尼尔·沃利奇(Nathaniel Wallich)的信中提到了“填充水獭”。这些揭示了巴拉特·辛格在意识到这种动物的不寻常以及从尼泊尔商人那里获得更多标本和生态信息方面所发挥的开创性作用。辛格是Wallich驻加德满都的植物收集者之一，他可能也是阿尔弗雷德·迪沃塞尔(Alfred Duvaucel)送到巴黎的小熊猫标本的来源。1825年，弗莱姆·居维叶以迪瓦塞尔的标本为基础，首次对该物种进行了科学描述，比哈德威克早了两年。土著知识在印度次大陆科学发现中的重要性和通信网络的作用被证明。这些隐藏的故事可以通过对档案来源的仔细审查来发现，在这种情况下，主要是阿查里亚·贾格迪什·钱德拉·博斯印度植物园的沃利奇通信和伦敦林奈学会的哈德威克材料，并为西方收藏的非殖民化做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"“Bharat Singh’s Stuffed Otter”: discovery in 1818 of <i>Ailurus fulgens</i>, the Himalayan red panda","authors":"Mark F. Watson","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0830","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Hardwicke’s use of a Nepali vernacular name “Wah” for Ailurus fulgens (red panda, also known as the lesser panda or red bear-cat) in his 1821 report to the Linnean Society of London, and its eventual publication in 1827, has enabled a connection to be made between a mysterious “stuffed otter” found in a Kathmandu bazaar in 1818 and an illustration from Hardwicke’s natural history collection held at the Linnean Society of London. The “stuffed otter” was referred to in letters from Edward Gardner of the British Residency in Kathmandu to Nathaniel Wallich in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. These reveal the seminal role played by Bharat Singh in the realization that this animal was unusual and in his procuring further specimens and ecological information about it from traders in Nepal. Singh was one of Wallich’s plant collectors stationed in Kathmandu and was probably also the source of red panda specimens sent to Paris by Alfred Duvaucel. Duvuacel’s specimens were used by Frédéric Cuvier as the basis of the first scientific description of the species in 1825, which predated that of Hardwicke by two years. The importance of indigenous knowledge in scientific discovery in the Indian subcontinent and role of communication networks are demonstrated. Hidden stories such as these can be uncovered by close scrutiny of archival sources, in this case predominately the Wallich Correspondence at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden and the Hardwicke material at the Linnean Society of London, and make a significant contribution to the decolonization of collections held in the West.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135671948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norma Mallegni, Giovanna Molinari, Claudio Ricci, Andrea Lazzeri, Davide La Rosa, Antonino Crivello, Mario Milazzo
Acoustic signals are important markers to monitor physiological and pathological conditions, e.g., heart and respiratory sounds. The employment of traditional devices, such as stethoscopes, has been progressively superseded by new miniaturized devices, usually identified as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). These tools are able to better detect the vibrational content of acoustic signals in order to provide a more reliable description of their features (e.g., amplitude, frequency bandwidth). Starting from the description of the structure and working principles of MEMS, we provide a review of their emerging applications in the healthcare field, discussing the advantages and limitations of each framework. Finally, we deliver a discussion on the lessons learned from the literature, and the open questions and challenges in the field that the scientific community must address in the near future.
{"title":"Sensing Devices for Detecting and Processing Acoustic Signals in Healthcare.","authors":"Norma Mallegni, Giovanna Molinari, Claudio Ricci, Andrea Lazzeri, Davide La Rosa, Antonino Crivello, Mario Milazzo","doi":"10.3390/bios12100835","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios12100835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acoustic signals are important markers to monitor physiological and pathological conditions, e.g., heart and respiratory sounds. The employment of traditional devices, such as stethoscopes, has been progressively superseded by new miniaturized devices, usually identified as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). These tools are able to better detect the vibrational content of acoustic signals in order to provide a more reliable description of their features (e.g., amplitude, frequency bandwidth). Starting from the description of the structure and working principles of MEMS, we provide a review of their emerging applications in the healthcare field, discussing the advantages and limitations of each framework. Finally, we deliver a discussion on the lessons learned from the literature, and the open questions and challenges in the field that the scientific community must address in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9599683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89838861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In September 1942, the pioneering ethologist Nikolaas (Niko) Tinbergen (1907–1988), together with other intellectuals who had protested against the expulsion of Jewish academics from Leiden University, The Netherlands, by the invading Nazi forces, was incarcerated in Beekvliet hostage camp in North Brabant. In his weekly letters home Tinbergen wrote Klieuw, the serialized story of a herring gull ( Larus argentatus), based on his previous field work, for his three children. Another inmate in the camp, Louis (L. J. C.) Boucher, a publisher, encouraged Tinbergen to publish the story as a book. Tinbergen and his fellow prisoners were released in September 1944 and with academic life returning to normal, Tinbergen went on a three-month lecture tour to the United States in 1946. It was there that the book, translated into English, was first published in 1947 under the title Kleew. The Dutch edition titled appeared a year later and was more successful than the English version, with many adults and children reading and memorizing the book’s contents. Because of Tinbergen’s extraordinary clarity of expression, Klieuw was considered one of the best Dutch children’s books of its time.
{"title":"Nikolaas Tinbergen’s children’s book Kleew (1947): the story of a herring gull","authors":"K. Schulze‐Hagen, T. Birkhead","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0787","url":null,"abstract":"In September 1942, the pioneering ethologist Nikolaas (Niko) Tinbergen (1907–1988), together with other intellectuals who had protested against the expulsion of Jewish academics from Leiden University, The Netherlands, by the invading Nazi forces, was incarcerated in Beekvliet hostage camp in North Brabant. In his weekly letters home Tinbergen wrote Klieuw, the serialized story of a herring gull ( Larus argentatus), based on his previous field work, for his three children. Another inmate in the camp, Louis (L. J. C.) Boucher, a publisher, encouraged Tinbergen to publish the story as a book. Tinbergen and his fellow prisoners were released in September 1944 and with academic life returning to normal, Tinbergen went on a three-month lecture tour to the United States in 1946. It was there that the book, translated into English, was first published in 1947 under the title Kleew. The Dutch edition titled appeared a year later and was more successful than the English version, with many adults and children reading and memorizing the book’s contents. Because of Tinbergen’s extraordinary clarity of expression, Klieuw was considered one of the best Dutch children’s books of its time.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SARASOHN, Lisa T. Getting under our skin: the cultural and social history of vermin","authors":"J. Robinson","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42036755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FABRI, Régine. Le vasculum ou boîte d’herborisation. Marqueur emblématique du botaniste du XIXe siècle, objet désuet devenu vintage","authors":"Isabelle Charmantier","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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