Casey Albert Wood’s The fundus oculi of birds, published in 1917, was the culmination of his decade-long study of the eyes of about a hundred bird species across the avian phylogeny. Wood was a professional ophthalmologist who, during his spare time, was drawn to the study of birds’ eyes because of their exceptional visual acuity. His stated goal was to inform taxonomy but that turned out to be pointless. With the assistance of an artist, Arthur William Head, Wood described and illustrated in colour the retina in these birds, with particular attention to the number, size, structure, and position of the pecten. Since the function and evolution of the avian pecten is still poorly known, Wood’s book continues to provide a useful point of departure for the study of birds’ eyes.
{"title":"Casey Albert Wood and The fundus oculi of birds (1917)","authors":"R. Montgomerie","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0796","url":null,"abstract":"Casey Albert Wood’s The fundus oculi of birds, published in 1917, was the culmination of his decade-long study of the eyes of about a hundred bird species across the avian phylogeny. Wood was a professional ophthalmologist who, during his spare time, was drawn to the study of birds’ eyes because of their exceptional visual acuity. His stated goal was to inform taxonomy but that turned out to be pointless. With the assistance of an artist, Arthur William Head, Wood described and illustrated in colour the retina in these birds, with particular attention to the number, size, structure, and position of the pecten. Since the function and evolution of the avian pecten is still poorly known, Wood’s book continues to provide a useful point of departure for the study of birds’ eyes.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41392552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay explores the history of the discovery and study of Plecoptera (stoneflies) in Britain and Ireland from 1769 to the 1970s. Britain (35 species) and Ireland (19 species) have a depauperate representation of this insect group compared to continental Europe but they form an important component of freshwater ecosystems on both islands. Species discovery began in the eighteenth century and led to extensive specimen collecting in the 1800s and early 1900s. This was followed by a period of classification and consolidation of species, genera and families through the mid-twentieth century which eventually led to more detailed studies of stonefly ecology in the mid- to late 1900s. The entomologists involved are detailed along with how their works and interests played a significant role in shaping knowledge about British and Irish stoneflies. This essay also touches on many other prominent entomologists and their collections, studies and publications that have helped progress understanding of this insect order over the past two centuries.
{"title":"A history of the discovery and study of Plecoptera (stoneflies) in Britain and Ireland (1769–1970s)","authors":"Hugh B. Feeley, C. Macadam","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0798","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the history of the discovery and study of Plecoptera (stoneflies) in Britain and Ireland from 1769 to the 1970s. Britain (35 species) and Ireland (19 species) have a depauperate representation of this insect group compared to continental Europe but they form an important component of freshwater ecosystems on both islands. Species discovery began in the eighteenth century and led to extensive specimen collecting in the 1800s and early 1900s. This was followed by a period of classification and consolidation of species, genera and families through the mid-twentieth century which eventually led to more detailed studies of stonefly ecology in the mid- to late 1900s. The entomologists involved are detailed along with how their works and interests played a significant role in shaping knowledge about British and Irish stoneflies. This essay also touches on many other prominent entomologists and their collections, studies and publications that have helped progress understanding of this insect order over the past two centuries.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sir John Hill (1714–1775): where was he buried?","authors":"E. Nelson, Theodore W. Pietsch","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliographical notes on The natural history of Tutbury (1863)","authors":"R. Williams","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paintings and sculptures depicting gazelles ( Gazella spp.) are frequent in Ancient Roman art. Images of gazelles have been discovered during the archaeological explorations of Herculaneum and Pompeii, devastated by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad 79. Two bronze statues of ungulates from the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, now on display at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (National Archaeological Museum of Naples), have not been correctly identified, consequently causing erroneous speculation about their cultural significance. The aim of this paper is to suggest which gazelle species inspired these artefacts, and to also discuss the wider context of the artistic representations of gazelles from Herculaneum and Pompeii and their surroundings.
{"title":"Gazelles (Gazella spp.) depicted in frescoes and sculpture from Herculaneum and Pompeii","authors":"M. Masseti","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0789","url":null,"abstract":"Paintings and sculptures depicting gazelles ( Gazella spp.) are frequent in Ancient Roman art. Images of gazelles have been discovered during the archaeological explorations of Herculaneum and Pompeii, devastated by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad 79. Two bronze statues of ungulates from the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, now on display at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (National Archaeological Museum of Naples), have not been correctly identified, consequently causing erroneous speculation about their cultural significance. The aim of this paper is to suggest which gazelle species inspired these artefacts, and to also discuss the wider context of the artistic representations of gazelles from Herculaneum and Pompeii and their surroundings.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46805804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ornithological studies of Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), and the enormous bird collection he amassed, have been of exceptional importance to the development of knowledge of the south Asian avifauna. However, the paucity of his surviving personal correspondence and private papers has made it difficult to trace the development of his own ornithological interest. Nine field diaries of Hume’s are held by the Natural History Museum, London. This paper draws on the first three of these, each covering periods of from one to a few months between late 1859 and late 1866, in combination with information from Hume’s bird collection, also now largely held by the Natural History Museum. Together they shed light on the evolution of his ornithological knowledge and interest during his career in India up to the time of his departure from Etawah district, North-Western Provinces, where he had been Officiating Magistrate and Collector for eleven years from early 1856 to early 1867.
{"title":"Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912): his development as an ornithologist until his departure from Etawah district, India, in 1867","authors":"R. Prŷs-Jones","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0799","url":null,"abstract":"The ornithological studies of Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), and the enormous bird collection he amassed, have been of exceptional importance to the development of knowledge of the south Asian avifauna. However, the paucity of his surviving personal correspondence and private papers has made it difficult to trace the development of his own ornithological interest. Nine field diaries of Hume’s are held by the Natural History Museum, London. This paper draws on the first three of these, each covering periods of from one to a few months between late 1859 and late 1866, in combination with information from Hume’s bird collection, also now largely held by the Natural History Museum. Together they shed light on the evolution of his ornithological knowledge and interest during his career in India up to the time of his departure from Etawah district, North-Western Provinces, where he had been Officiating Magistrate and Collector for eleven years from early 1856 to early 1867.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BAUER, Aaron M. and LAVILLA, Esteban O. J. G. Schneider’s Historiae amphibiorum: herpetology at the dawn of the nineteenth century","authors":"R. Downie","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"John James Audubon (1785–1851) carte de visite (c.1860)","authors":"P. Logan","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HUNTING, Jill. For want of wings: a bird with teeth and a dinosaur in the family","authors":"P. Brinkman","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0815","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TOWNER, Elizabeth. Margaret Rebecca Dickinson: a botanical artist of the Border Counties","authors":"Claire Banks","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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