Journal of Fluency Disorders最新文献_第2页

Perception of acoustically altered speech in adults who stutter: Preliminary findings using a Bayesian analysis approach 口吃的成年人对声音改变的言语的感知：使用贝叶斯分析方法的初步发现

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106172

Dhatri S. Devaraju , Santosh Maruthy , Ajith Kumar Uppunda , Sandeep Maruthy , G. Nike Gnanateja

Background

Many factors contribute to stuttering, including phonological and temporal processing. Speech perception in challenging scenarios requires efficient temporal processing and differential weighting of the temporal envelope and fine-structure. Degrading the speech inputs would exert an additional demand on the phonological representations, storage, and retrieval, and may result in adverse effects on both speech perception and production in Adults who Stutter (AWS). This preliminary study examined how speech perception in AWS would vary in two different acoustically altered, degraded scenarios.

Methods

Twenty-two participants, eleven each in AWS and Adults who do not stutter (AWNS) groups, performed speech perception tasks in two degraded conditions: a) presence of noise, and b) chimerization. The SNR-50 in the noise condition and mean intelligibility score (number of correctly repeated keywords) in the chimerized condition were compared between AWS and AWNS. We used a Bayesian approach to statistically examine the differences in speech perception across the two groups.

Results

The results revealed poor speech perception in noise in AWS compared to AWNS. Perception of sentence chimeras, however, was similar in both groups.

Conclusions

The preliminary results suggest deficits in speech perception in noise, which might be due to temporal fine-structure perception problems in AWS, imposing additional demands on phonological processing and higher cognitive mechanisms. Altogether, these results from a pilot study warrant further investigations to address the effects of faulty auditory representations on day-to-day communication in AWS.

许多因素导致口吃，包括语音和时间加工。挑战性情景下的语音感知需要有效的时间处理和时间包络和精细结构的差分加权。降低语音输入会对语音表征、存储和检索产生额外的要求，并可能对口吃成人的语音感知和生成产生不利影响。这项初步研究考察了在两种不同的声学改变和退化情况下，AWS的语音感知是如何变化的。方法在两种退化条件下(a)噪音存在和b)嵌合)进行语音感知任务，22名参与者（AWNS组和成人无口吃组各11名）。比较噪声条件下的信噪比50和嵌合条件下的平均可理解分数（正确重复关键词数）。我们使用贝叶斯方法对两组学生的语音感知差异进行了统计分析。结果与自动语音识别系统相比，自动语音识别系统在噪声环境下的语音感知能力较差。然而，两组人对句子嵌合体的感知是相似的。结论初步结果表明，噪声环境下的语音感知缺陷可能是由于AWS的时间精细结构感知问题造成的，对语音加工和更高层次的认知机制提出了额外的要求。总之，这些初步研究的结果值得进一步调查，以解决错误的听觉表征对AWS日常交流的影响。

{"title":"Perception of acoustically altered speech in adults who stutter: Preliminary findings using a Bayesian analysis approach","authors":"Dhatri S. Devaraju , Santosh Maruthy , Ajith Kumar Uppunda , Sandeep Maruthy , G. Nike Gnanateja","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many factors contribute to stuttering, including phonological and temporal processing. Speech perception in challenging scenarios requires efficient temporal processing and differential weighting of the temporal envelope and fine-structure. Degrading the speech inputs would exert an additional demand on the phonological representations, storage, and retrieval, and may result in adverse effects on both speech perception and production in Adults who Stutter (AWS). This preliminary study examined how speech perception in AWS would vary in two different acoustically altered, degraded scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two participants, eleven each in AWS and Adults who do not stutter (AWNS) groups, performed speech perception tasks in two degraded conditions: a) presence of noise, and b) chimerization. The SNR-50 in the noise condition and mean intelligibility score (number of correctly repeated keywords) in the chimerized condition were compared between AWS and AWNS. We used a Bayesian approach to statistically examine the differences in speech perception across the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed poor speech perception in noise in AWS compared to AWNS. Perception of sentence chimeras, however, was similar in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The preliminary results suggest deficits in speech perception in noise, which might be due to temporal fine-structure perception problems in AWS, imposing additional demands on phonological processing and higher cognitive mechanisms. Altogether, these results from a pilot study warrant further investigations to address the effects of faulty auditory representations on day-to-day communication in AWS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental well-being, emotional-cognitive processing, and attention skills in individuals with cluttering 杂乱个体的心理健康、情绪认知处理和注意力技能

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106184

Yasmin Horev Nahum, Gil Zukerman, Michal Icht

Background

Cluttering is a fluency disorder marked by a rapid and irregular speech rate and articulation difficulties such as “slurred” speech and sound omissions. These speech disruptions reduce intelligibility and negatively impact communication. Treatment for individuals with cluttering typically focuses on improving their speech clarity and fluency. In contrast, while addressing speech disruptions, treatment for stuttering, a related fluency disorder, extends to include psychological and emotional aspects. This broader approach is based on research linking stuttering to mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, and attention disorders, as well as to psychological flexibility. These emotional and psychological aspects and their associations remain underexplored in the context of cluttering.

Objective

To examine mental well-being, emotional-cognitive processing, and attention abilities in individuals with cluttering and to explore the relationships between these measures.

Method

Thirty-one adults diagnosed with cluttering completed questionnaires designed to assess mental well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatic complaints), emotional-cognitive processing (alexithymia, psychological flexibility), and attention skills.

Results

High rates of anxiety symptoms, somatic complaints, reduced emotional-cognitive processing (high alexithymia), and attention difficulties were found among the study participants. Typical levels of psychological flexibility were observed. Alexithymia was associated with lower well-being.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that lower mental well-being levels and higher rates of alexithymia symptoms and attention difficulties characterize individuals with cluttering. Accordingly, we recommend including an assessment of these factors in cluttering diagnosis. In treating cluttering, similar to stuttering treatment, it is advisable to address emotional aspects, specifically by methods designed to enhance emotional-cognitive processing.

语言混乱是一种语言流利障碍，其特征是语速过快且不规则，发音困难，如“口齿不清”和声音遗漏。这些言语中断降低了可理解性，并对沟通产生了负面影响。对口吃患者的治疗通常侧重于提高他们的语言清晰度和流利度。相比之下，在解决语言障碍的同时，对口吃（一种相关的流利障碍）的治疗扩展到包括心理和情感方面。这种更广泛的方法是基于将口吃与心理健康指标（如抑郁、焦虑、注意力障碍）以及心理灵活性联系起来的研究。这些情感和心理方面以及它们之间的联系在杂乱的背景下仍然没有得到充分的探索。目的研究杂乱症患者的心理健康状况、情绪认知加工和注意力能力，并探讨这些指标之间的关系。方法31名被诊断为杂乱的成年人完成了心理健康（焦虑、抑郁、躯体抱怨）、情绪认知加工（述情障碍、心理灵活性）和注意力技能的问卷调查。结果在研究参与者中发现了高比例的焦虑症状、躯体抱怨、情绪认知加工减少（述情障碍高）和注意力困难。观察到典型的心理灵活性水平。述情障碍与较低的幸福感有关。结论杂乱症患者的心理健康水平较低，述情障碍症状和注意力困难发生率较高。因此，我们建议在混乱诊断中包括对这些因素的评估。在治疗杂乱的过程中，与治疗口吃类似，建议解决情绪方面的问题，特别是通过旨在增强情绪认知处理的方法。

{"title":"Mental well-being, emotional-cognitive processing, and attention skills in individuals with cluttering","authors":"Yasmin Horev Nahum, Gil Zukerman, Michal Icht","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cluttering is a fluency disorder marked by a rapid and irregular speech rate and articulation difficulties such as “slurred” speech and sound omissions. These speech disruptions reduce intelligibility and negatively impact communication. Treatment for individuals with cluttering typically focuses on improving their speech clarity and fluency. In contrast, while addressing speech disruptions, treatment for stuttering, a related fluency disorder, extends to include psychological and emotional aspects. This broader approach is based on research linking stuttering to mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, and attention disorders, as well as to psychological flexibility. These emotional and psychological aspects and their associations remain underexplored in the context of cluttering.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine mental well-being, emotional-cognitive processing, and attention abilities in individuals with cluttering and to explore the relationships between these measures.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty-one adults diagnosed with cluttering completed questionnaires designed to assess mental well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatic complaints), emotional-cognitive processing (alexithymia, psychological flexibility), and attention skills.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High rates of anxiety symptoms, somatic complaints, reduced emotional-cognitive processing (high alexithymia), and attention difficulties were found among the study participants. Typical levels of psychological flexibility were observed. Alexithymia was associated with lower well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results suggest that lower mental well-being levels and higher rates of alexithymia symptoms and attention difficulties characterize individuals with cluttering. Accordingly, we recommend including an assessment of these factors in cluttering diagnosis. In treating cluttering, similar to stuttering treatment, it is advisable to address emotional aspects, specifically by methods designed to enhance emotional-cognitive processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain stimulation in stuttering: Participant experiences with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) 脑刺激治疗口吃：经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）的参与者体验

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106187

Feyzanur Ocak , Özlem Oğuz

There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stuttering therapy. However, limited information is available on how such innovative interventions are perceived by target participants. The aim of this study was to qualitatively examine the acceptability and social validity of tDCS in individuals with developmental stuttering in the context of participants’ experiences and perceptions of the intervention process and changes in their social lives. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with 10 adults with developmental stuttering who had previously participated in the active tDCS stimulation group. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five main themes were identified: (1) reasons for participation; (2) perception of the intervention and emotional responses; (3) experiences related to the intervention process; (4) perceived effects of tDCS and (5) recommendations for the future. Participants reported temporary fluency improvements and increased self-confidence, emphasizing that the intervention was generally manageable and acceptable. These subjective evaluations offer insight into how tDCS was experienced without implying clinical efficacy. Results should be interpreted with caution, as interviews were conducted without blinding and responses may have been influenced by social desirability or complicity bias. Importantly, despite prior quantitative measurements from the same intervention showing no significant objective improvements in speech fluency, participants still described positive subjective experiences. This contrast between quantitative outcomes and experiential reports highlights the importance of incorporating individuals’ perceptions into evaluations of novel therapeutic approaches. Participants’ hopes and suggestions provide valuable guidance for future developments in the field.

非侵入性脑刺激技术如经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）在口吃治疗中的应用越来越受到关注。然而，关于目标参与者如何看待这种创新干预措施的信息有限。本研究的目的是在被试对干预过程和社会生活变化的经历和感知的背景下，定性地检验发展性口吃患者对tDCS的接受度和社会效度。这项研究基于对10名患有发育性口吃的成年人的半结构化访谈，这些人之前都参加过主动tDCS刺激组。数据分析采用归纳专题分析。确定了五个主要主题：(1)参与的原因；(2)干预知觉与情绪反应；(3)干预过程的相关经验；(4) tDCS的感知效应和(5)对未来的建议。参与者报告说，他们的流利程度有了暂时的提高，自信心也增强了，强调干预总体上是可以管理和接受的。这些主观评价提供了对tDCS如何经历的见解，而不暗示临床疗效。结果应谨慎解释，因为访谈是在没有盲法的情况下进行的，回答可能受到社会期望或同谋偏见的影响。重要的是，尽管先前来自同一干预的定量测量显示，在语言流利性方面没有显着的客观改善，但参与者仍然描述了积极的主观体验。定量结果和经验报告之间的对比突出了将个体感知纳入新治疗方法评估的重要性。与会者的希望和建议为该领域的未来发展提供了宝贵的指导。

{"title":"Brain stimulation in stuttering: Participant experiences with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)","authors":"Feyzanur Ocak , Özlem Oğuz","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stuttering therapy. However, limited information is available on how such innovative interventions are perceived by target participants. The aim of this study was to qualitatively examine the acceptability and social validity of tDCS in individuals with developmental stuttering in the context of participants’ experiences and perceptions of the intervention process and changes in their social lives. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with 10 adults with developmental stuttering who had previously participated in the active tDCS stimulation group. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five main themes were identified: (1) reasons for participation; (2) perception of the intervention and emotional responses; (3) experiences related to the intervention process; (4) perceived effects of tDCS and (5) recommendations for the future. Participants reported temporary fluency improvements and increased self-confidence, emphasizing that the intervention was generally manageable and acceptable. These subjective evaluations offer insight into how tDCS was experienced without implying clinical efficacy. Results should be interpreted with caution, as interviews were conducted without blinding and responses may have been influenced by social desirability or complicity bias. Importantly, despite prior quantitative measurements from the same intervention showing no significant objective improvements in speech fluency, participants still described positive subjective experiences. This contrast between quantitative outcomes and experiential reports highlights the importance of incorporating individuals’ perceptions into evaluations of novel therapeutic approaches. Participants’ hopes and suggestions provide valuable guidance for future developments in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in Adults with and without Stuttering: Exploring the Relationship between FoMO and Psychological Resilience 有和无口吃成人错失恐惧（FoMO）的比较：FoMO与心理弹性的关系探讨

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106185

Vildan Şen , Nurcan Alpüran Kocabıyık

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) refers to the anxiety of missing potential experiences or opportunities. This study examined FoMO levels between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS), explored the relationship between FoMO and psychological resilience in PWS and PWNS, and assessed the influence of age and gender on FoMO. The sample of this study consisted of 145 adults, including 65 PWS, 80 PWNS. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Fear of Missing Out Scale for University Students, and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 26.0 with a multivariate Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and correlation analyses. PWS scored significantly higher in the social dimension of FoMO, suggesting that PWS may experience greater anxiety about missing out in social contexts compared to PWNS. No significant differences were found between PWS and PWNS in terms of their total or private FoMO scores. Age and gender did not significantly affect FoMO scores. In contrast, PWS exhibited significantly lower psychological resilience compared to PWNS. While age had no significant impact on resilience, gender showed a significant effect on resilience in both groups. Men had significantly higher levels of psychological resilience than women. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between FoMO and psychological resilience in both groups, suggesting that higher FoMO is associated with lower resilience. These results underscore the importance of addressing social challenges faced by PWS and enhancing psychological resilience through targeted psychosocial interventions. Promoting inclusive social participation may help mitigate FoMO-related anxiety and improve overall well-being in PWS.

错失恐惧症（Fear of Missing Out，简称FoMO）指的是对错过潜在经历或机会的焦虑。本研究考察了口吃者（PWS）和非口吃者（PWNS）的FoMO水平，探讨了PWS和PWNS中FoMO与心理弹性的关系，并评估了年龄和性别对FoMO的影响。本研究的样本包括145名成年人，其中PWS 65名，PWNS 80名。数据采用个人信息表、大学生错失恐惧量表和简短弹性量表（BRS）收集。采用IBM SPSS 26.0进行分析，采用多元广义线性模型（GLM）和相关分析。PWS在FoMO的社会维度上的得分明显更高，这表明与PWNS相比，PWS可能对错过社交环境感到更大的焦虑。PWS和PWNS在总FoMO得分和私人FoMO得分方面没有显著差异。年龄和性别对FoMO得分没有显著影响。与PWNS相比，PWS的心理弹性显著降低。年龄对心理弹性没有显著影响，性别对心理弹性有显著影响。男性的心理弹性水平明显高于女性。此外，在两组中，FoMO与心理弹性之间呈负相关，表明FoMO越高，心理弹性越低。这些结果强调了通过有针对性的社会心理干预来解决PWS面临的社会挑战和增强心理弹性的重要性。促进包容性社会参与可能有助于减轻fomo相关焦虑，改善PWS患者的整体幸福感。

{"title":"Comparison of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in Adults with and without Stuttering: Exploring the Relationship between FoMO and Psychological Resilience","authors":"Vildan Şen , Nurcan Alpüran Kocabıyık","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) refers to the anxiety of missing potential experiences or opportunities. This study examined FoMO levels between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS), explored the relationship between FoMO and psychological resilience in PWS and PWNS, and assessed the influence of age and gender on FoMO. The sample of this study consisted of 145 adults, including 65 PWS, 80 PWNS. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Fear of Missing Out Scale for University Students, and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 26.0 with a multivariate Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and correlation analyses. PWS scored significantly higher in the social dimension of FoMO, suggesting that PWS may experience greater anxiety about missing out in social contexts compared to PWNS. No significant differences were found between PWS and PWNS in terms of their total or private FoMO scores. Age and gender did not significantly affect FoMO scores. In contrast, PWS exhibited significantly lower psychological resilience compared to PWNS. While age had no significant impact on resilience, gender showed a significant effect on resilience in both groups. Men had significantly higher levels of psychological resilience than women. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between FoMO and psychological resilience in both groups, suggesting that higher FoMO is associated with lower resilience. These results underscore the importance of addressing social challenges faced by PWS and enhancing psychological resilience through targeted psychosocial interventions. Promoting inclusive social participation may help mitigate FoMO-related anxiety and improve overall well-being in PWS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based practices on social anxiety and stuttering severity in children who stutter 认知行为疗法对口吃儿童社交焦虑和口吃严重程度的影响

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106192

Sabri Toğluk , Yahya Aktu

Purpose

Children who stutter (CWS) often face communication challenges in social settings, which may lead to increased social anxiety and exacerbate stuttering severity. This pilot study examines the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions in reducing social anxiety and stuttering severity among CWS.

Methods

This pilot study employed a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design without a control group. Seventeen children aged 7–12 from a low socioeconomic area in Southeastern Türkiye participated in an eight-week CBT-based program that included cognitive restructuring, exposure tasks, and homework. Data were analyzed using Linear Mixed Effects Models (LMM), with CBT intervention defined as a fixed effect and individual variation as a random effect. Separate LMM analyses were conducted for social anxiety and stuttering severity.

Results

The LMM results revealed statistically significant reductions in both social anxiety and stuttering severity following the CBT-based intervention. Baseline levels of social anxiety and stuttering severity significantly predicted follow up outcomes, and the intervention led to meaningful decreases across both measures.

Conclusion

As a pilot study, these results highlight the potential of CBT-based interventions to reduce both social anxiety and stuttering severity in CWS. These results point to the potential utility of individualized early intervention strategies, including psychiatric nursing practices, within clinical and educational contexts to address the multifaceted nature of developmental stuttering.

目的口吃儿童在社交环境中经常面临沟通困难，这可能导致社交焦虑增加，加剧口吃的严重程度。本初步研究考察了基于认知行为疗法（CBT）的干预措施在减少CWS患者社交焦虑和口吃严重程度方面的有效性。方法本研究采用单组前测后测试验设计，不设对照组。来自东南部 rkiye低社会经济地区的17名7-12岁的儿童参加了为期八周的基于cbt的项目，包括认知重构、暴露任务和家庭作业。采用线性混合效应模型（LMM）分析数据，将CBT干预定义为固定效应，个体差异定义为随机效应。对社交焦虑和口吃严重程度分别进行LMM分析。结果LMM结果显示，在基于cbt的干预后，社交焦虑和口吃严重程度都有统计学上的显著降低。社交焦虑和口吃严重程度的基线水平显著预测了随访结果，干预导致两项指标的显著下降。结论作为一项试点研究，这些结果强调了基于cbt的干预措施在减少CWS患者社交焦虑和口吃严重程度方面的潜力。这些结果指出了个性化早期干预策略的潜在效用，包括精神病学护理实践，在临床和教育背景下解决发展性口吃的多面性。

{"title":"The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based practices on social anxiety and stuttering severity in children who stutter","authors":"Sabri Toğluk , Yahya Aktu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Children who stutter (CWS) often face communication challenges in social settings, which may lead to increased social anxiety and exacerbate stuttering severity. This pilot study examines the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions in reducing social anxiety and stuttering severity among CWS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This pilot study employed a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design without a control group. Seventeen children aged 7–12 from a low socioeconomic area in Southeastern Türkiye participated in an eight-week CBT-based program that included cognitive restructuring, exposure tasks, and homework. Data were analyzed using Linear Mixed Effects Models (LMM), with CBT intervention defined as a fixed effect and individual variation as a random effect. Separate LMM analyses were conducted for social anxiety and stuttering severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The LMM results revealed statistically significant reductions in both social anxiety and stuttering severity following the CBT-based intervention. Baseline levels of social anxiety and stuttering severity significantly predicted follow up outcomes, and the intervention led to meaningful decreases across both measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As a pilot study, these results highlight the potential of CBT-based interventions to reduce both social anxiety and stuttering severity in CWS. These results point to the potential utility of individualized early intervention strategies, including psychiatric nursing practices, within clinical and educational contexts to address the multifaceted nature of developmental stuttering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Content validity of AI-generated stuttering assessment and intervention programs based on expert review: A comparative analysis across age groups and language versions 基于专家评审的人工智能生成的口吃评估和干预方案的内容效度：跨年龄组和语言版本的比较分析

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106186

Ayşe Nur Koçak , Melis Buse Arslan

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the content validity and inter-rater reliability of stuttering assessment and intervention programs generated by artificial intelligence (GPT-4) in both Turkish and English for preschool, school-age, and adult populations. It also examined whether linguistic or cultural differences affected expert evaluations.

Methods

Twelve AI-generated programs (six in Turkish, six in English) were reviewed by twelve certified speech-language pathologists specializing in fluency disorders. Each item was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess consistency and reliability.

Results

The majority of items were rated as appropriate or highly appropriate (M = 4.6–4.9). The overall reliability among raters was poor (ICC = 0.45), while single-rater reliability was higher (ICC = 0.65). Only a small number of items were flagged for revision, typically involving emotional or contextual components. Experts noted that English versions tended to be more detailed and literature-consistent, whereas certain Turkish terms required clearer cultural adaptation.

Conclusion

GPT-4 can produce clinically relevant and linguistically accurate stuttering materials when paired with expert review. However, human validation remains essential to refine affective and culture-specific elements. These findings support the integration of AI-assisted tools in multilingual clinical content development.

目的本研究旨在评估人工智能生成的口吃评估和干预方案（GPT-4）在土耳其语和英语中的内容效度和量表间信度，该方案适用于学龄前、学龄和成年人群。它还研究了语言或文化差异是否会影响专家的评估。方法12个人工智能生成的程序（6个土耳其语，6个英语）由12位专业从事流利性障碍的认证语言病理学家进行审查。每个项目都使用5分李克特量表进行评分。计算描述性统计、Cronbach’s Alpha和类内相关系数（ICC）来评估一致性和可靠性。结果大多数项目被评为适宜或高度适宜（M = 4.6 ~ 4.9）。评分者的整体信度较差（ICC = 0.45），而单评分者的信度较高（ICC = 0.65）。只有少数项目被标记为需要修改，通常涉及情感或上下文成分。专家指出，英文版本往往更详细和文献一致，而某些土耳其语术语需要更明确的文化适应。结论pt -4配合专家评语，可获得临床相关、语言准确的口吃材料。然而，人类验证对于完善情感和文化特定元素仍然至关重要。这些发现支持将人工智能辅助工具整合到多语言临床内容开发中。

{"title":"Content validity of AI-generated stuttering assessment and intervention programs based on expert review: A comparative analysis across age groups and language versions","authors":"Ayşe Nur Koçak , Melis Buse Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the content validity and inter-rater reliability of stuttering assessment and intervention programs generated by artificial intelligence (GPT-4) in both Turkish and English for preschool, school-age, and adult populations. It also examined whether linguistic or cultural differences affected expert evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve AI-generated programs (six in Turkish, six in English) were reviewed by twelve certified speech-language pathologists specializing in fluency disorders. Each item was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess consistency and reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority of items were rated as appropriate or highly appropriate (M = 4.6–4.9). The overall reliability among raters was poor (ICC = 0.45), while single-rater reliability was higher (ICC = 0.65). Only a small number of items were flagged for revision, typically involving emotional or contextual components. Experts noted that English versions tended to be more detailed and literature-consistent, whereas certain Turkish terms required clearer cultural adaptation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GPT-4 can produce clinically relevant and linguistically accurate stuttering materials when paired with expert review. However, human validation remains essential to refine affective and culture-specific elements. These findings support the integration of AI-assisted tools in multilingual clinical content development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on reading adaptation in adults who stutter 经颅直流电刺激对口吃成人阅读适应的影响

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2026.106195

Narges Moein , Cindy Nguyen , Douglas Cheyne , Luc De Nil

Background

The reading adaptation effect in stuttering refers to decreased stuttering frequency during repeated readings. This study investigated whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left primary motor cortex (M1) enhances reading adaptation in adults who stutter.

Methods

Two consecutive studies were conducted. Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with twenty adults who stutter (14 males, 6 females) assigned to either an anodal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) or a sham stimulation group. Participants read a passage five times during stimulation. Study 2 was an exploratory secondary single-case analysis of data from six participants (5 males, 1 female) who demonstrated measurable stuttering during reading (>1 % syllables stuttered) in Study 1. Reading adaptation was quantified as percentage reduction in stuttering frequency from first to fifth reading trial.

Results

Study 1 showed no statistically significant difference in reading adaptation between anodal and sham groups (Mann-Whitney U = 30, p = 0.137), though a moderate effect size (r = 0.34) suggested a potentially meaningful difference. Study 2 revealed variable individual responses, with three participants showing greater reading adaptation under anodal stimulation and three showing greater adaptation under sham stimulation.

Conclusions

Anodal tDCS over the left M1 did not consistently enhance reading adaptation in adults who stutter, suggesting that the relationship between M1 excitability and reading adaptation is more complex than hypothesized. Future research should investigate alternative neural targets, stimulation parameters, and individual differences in stuttering severity to better understand the effects of neuromodulation on speech motor adaptation in speech disorders.

口吃的阅读适应效应是指在重复阅读过程中口吃频率的降低。本研究探讨了经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对左初级运动皮层（M1）是否能提高成人口吃患者的阅读适应性。方法连续进行两项研究。研究1是一项随机、双盲、假对照试验，有20名口吃成年人（14名男性，6名女性）被分配到无节点tDCS组（2 mA, 20 min）或假刺激组。在刺激期间，参与者将一篇文章读了五遍。研究2是一项探索性的二次单例分析，对研究1中表现出可测量的阅读口吃（>；1 %音节口吃）的6名参与者（5男1女）的数据进行分析。阅读适应被量化为第一次至第五次阅读试验中口吃频率减少的百分比。结果研究1显示，阳极组和假手术组在阅读适应方面无统计学差异（Mann-Whitney U = 30, p = 0.137），但中等效应量（r = 0.34）表明存在潜在的有意义的差异。研究2显示了不同的个体反应，3名参与者在阳极刺激下表现出更强的阅读适应性，3名参与者在假刺激下表现出更强的阅读适应性。结论左侧M1的颞叶颞叶dcs对口吃成人阅读适应的促进作用并不一致，提示M1兴奋性与阅读适应之间的关系比假设的更为复杂。未来的研究应进一步探讨其他神经靶点、刺激参数和口吃严重程度的个体差异，以更好地了解神经调节对言语障碍患者言语运动适应的影响。

{"title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on reading adaptation in adults who stutter","authors":"Narges Moein , Cindy Nguyen , Douglas Cheyne , Luc De Nil","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2026.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2026.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The reading adaptation effect in stuttering refers to decreased stuttering frequency during repeated readings. This study investigated whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left primary motor cortex (M1) enhances reading adaptation in adults who stutter.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two consecutive studies were conducted. Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with twenty adults who stutter (14 males, 6 females) assigned to either an anodal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) or a sham stimulation group. Participants read a passage five times during stimulation. Study 2 was an exploratory secondary single-case analysis of data from six participants (5 males, 1 female) who demonstrated measurable stuttering during reading (>1 % syllables stuttered) in Study 1. Reading adaptation was quantified as percentage reduction in stuttering frequency from first to fifth reading trial.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study 1 showed no statistically significant difference in reading adaptation between anodal and sham groups (Mann-Whitney U = 30, p = 0.137), though a moderate effect size (r = 0.34) suggested a potentially meaningful difference. Study 2 revealed variable individual responses, with three participants showing greater reading adaptation under anodal stimulation and three showing greater adaptation under sham stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anodal tDCS over the left M1 did not consistently enhance reading adaptation in adults who stutter, suggesting that the relationship between M1 excitability and reading adaptation is more complex than hypothesized. Future research should investigate alternative neural targets, stimulation parameters, and individual differences in stuttering severity to better understand the effects of neuromodulation on speech motor adaptation in speech disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in stuttering research and discourse: A preface to the selected papers from the 2024 World Congress on Stuttering and Cluttering 口吃研究和话语的进展：2024年世界口吃和杂乱大会论文选集序言。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106190

Katie L. Winters, Dillon G. Pruett

引用次数: 0

Quality of life in preschoolers who stutter and do not stutter: An exploratory study 学龄前口吃和非口吃儿童的生活质量：一项探索性研究。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106191

Erika Queiroga Werkhaizer Soares , Denise Brandão de Oliveira e Britto , Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos

This study aimed to assess the quality of life of children aged 2-who stutter and who do not stutter. We compared the quality-of-life scores between the two groups and analysed the relationship between their scores and sociodemographic data. We conducted a cross-sectional observational analytical study utilising a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 74 children in the specified age range. Data were collected using structured interviews (sample characterisation script), the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, and the Pediatric Questionnaire on Quality of Life (Generic Version 4.0). The Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI-4) was used to classify the severity of stuttering. The collected data underwent descriptive, associative, and multivariate analyses. Association analyses were conducted between the dimensions of quality of life and total quality of life and the variables socioeconomic background, age, gender, family history of recovered and persistent stuttering, maternal education, and child education, as well as between stuttering severity and quality of life scores. No significant association was found between quality of life and stuttering as perceived by parents. Additionally, no association was observed between stuttering severity and quality of life in children with a confirmed diagnosis of stuttering. Therefore, the impact of stuttering on the quality of life appears to be unrelated to the onset of symptoms but, more likely, to negative communicative experiences during its development.

本研究旨在评估两岁口吃和非口吃儿童的生活质量。我们比较了两组的生活质量得分，并分析了他们的得分与社会人口统计数据之间的关系。我们进行了一项横断面观察性分析研究，利用74名特定年龄范围的儿童的非概率方便样本。使用结构化访谈（样本特征描述脚本）、巴西经济分类标准和儿科生活质量问卷（通用版4.0）收集数据。使用口吃严重程度量表（SSI-4）对口吃的严重程度进行分类。收集的数据进行了描述性、关联性和多变量分析。对生活质量维度和总生活质量维度与社会经济背景、年龄、性别、恢复性和持续性口吃家族史、母亲教育、儿童教育等变量以及口吃严重程度与生活质量评分之间的相关性进行分析。父母所认为的生活质量和口吃之间没有明显的联系。此外，在确诊为口吃的儿童中，没有观察到口吃严重程度与生活质量之间的关联。因此，口吃对生活质量的影响似乎与症状的发作无关，而更有可能与发展过程中的消极交流经历有关。

{"title":"Quality of life in preschoolers who stutter and do not stutter: An exploratory study","authors":"Erika Queiroga Werkhaizer Soares , Denise Brandão de Oliveira e Britto , Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the quality of life of children aged 2-who stutter and who do not stutter. We compared the quality-of-life scores between the two groups and analysed the relationship between their scores and sociodemographic data. We conducted a cross-sectional observational analytical study utilising a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 74 children in the specified age range. Data were collected using structured interviews (sample characterisation script), the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, and the Pediatric Questionnaire on Quality of Life (Generic Version 4.0). The Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI-4) was used to classify the severity of stuttering. The collected data underwent descriptive, associative, and multivariate analyses. Association analyses were conducted between the dimensions of quality of life and total quality of life and the variables socioeconomic background, age, gender, family history of recovered and persistent stuttering, maternal education, and child education, as well as between stuttering severity and quality of life scores. No significant association was found between quality of life and stuttering as perceived by parents. Additionally, no association was observed between stuttering severity and quality of life in children with a confirmed diagnosis of stuttering. Therefore, the impact of stuttering on the quality of life appears to be unrelated to the onset of symptoms but, more likely, to negative communicative experiences during its development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amelioration of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation 丘脑深部脑刺激后获得性口吃的改善

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Fluency Disorders

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106174

Phoebe Matthews , Intouch Sopchokchai , Aisha Alkubaisi , Benjamin Ho , Stefan Lang , Christopher R. Honey

Purpose

Stuttering is a speech disorder that can have debilitating effects on quality of life. We present a case report of a patient with near complete resolution of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor. A literature review of neuromodulation for both developmental and acquired stuttering is presented with proposed insights into the pathophysiology of acquired stuttering.

Method

A case report of a patient with acquired stuttering receiving thalamic DBS for essential tremor is presented. Clinical data on their stuttering severity and its impact on quality of life was prospectively collected before and six months after thalamic DBS for their essential tremor. Additional data on tremor severity, mood, cognition and overall quality of life are presented.

Results

At six months follow-up, there were significant improvements in the patient’s tremor and overall quality of life (as expected). There was also near complete resolution of their acquired stuttering and a resultant improvement in voice-related quality of life.

Conclusion

This case report details a patient with near complete resolution of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. The Vim nucleus of the thalamus may play an important role in the pathophysiology of acquired stuttering. Additional studies will be needed to confirm the usefulness of thalamic DBS in acquired stuttering.

目的口吃是一种语言障碍，会对生活质量造成严重影响。我们报告一位病患在接受丘脑深部脑刺激（DBS）治疗特发性震颤后，获得性口吃几乎完全消失。对发育性和获得性口吃的神经调节进行了文献综述，并提出了对获得性口吃的病理生理学的见解。方法报告1例获得性口吃患者接受丘脑DBS治疗特发性震颤的病例。前瞻性收集他们的口吃严重程度及其对生活质量影响的临床数据，并在丘脑DBS治疗特发性震颤前和6个月后进行。另外还提供了震颤严重程度、情绪、认知和整体生活质量方面的数据。结果随访6个月，患者震颤症状及整体生活质量均有明显改善（如预期）。他们的后天口吃也几乎完全得到了解决，与语音相关的生活质量也得到了改善。结论本病例报告详细介绍了一例在丘脑深部脑刺激治疗特发性震颤后获得性口吃几乎完全消失的病例。丘脑Vim核可能在获得性口吃的病理生理中起重要作用。需要进一步的研究来证实丘脑起搏器在获得性口吃中的有效性。

{"title":"Amelioration of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation","authors":"Phoebe Matthews , Intouch Sopchokchai , Aisha Alkubaisi , Benjamin Ho , Stefan Lang , Christopher R. Honey","doi":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Stuttering is a speech disorder that can have debilitating effects on quality of life. We present a case report of a patient with near complete resolution of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor. A literature review of neuromodulation for both developmental and acquired stuttering is presented with proposed insights into the pathophysiology of acquired stuttering.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A case report of a patient with acquired stuttering receiving thalamic DBS for essential tremor is presented. Clinical data on their stuttering severity and its impact on quality of life was prospectively collected before and six months after thalamic DBS for their essential tremor. Additional data on tremor severity, mood, cognition and overall quality of life are presented.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At six months follow-up, there were significant improvements in the patient’s tremor and overall quality of life (as expected). There was also near complete resolution of their acquired stuttering and a resultant improvement in voice-related quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case report details a patient with near complete resolution of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. The Vim nucleus of the thalamus may play an important role in the pathophysiology of acquired stuttering. Additional studies will be needed to confirm the usefulness of thalamic DBS in acquired stuttering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 106174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0