Journal of Communication Disorders最新文献_第10页

Is simpler better? Semantic content modulates the emotional prosody perception in Mandarin-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder 越简单越好吗？语义内容调节汉语自闭症谱系障碍儿童情绪韵律感知。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106495

Ting Wang , Li Xia , Lulu Cheng

Introduction

It is still under debate whether and how semantic content will modulate the emotional prosody perception in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study aimed to investigate the issue using two experiments by systematically manipulating semantic information in Chinese disyllabic words.

Method

The present study explored the potential modulation of semantic content complexity on emotional prosody perception in Mandarin-speaking children with ASD. Two emotional prosody identification tasks were designed, in which different levels of prosodic and lexical complexity were incrementally included in four stimulus types: pseudo-words, semantically-neutral words, semantics-prosody congruent, and incongruent emotion words. Twenty-four children with ASD and twenty-two typically developing (TD) children were required to focus on the prosodic channel to label emotions while ignoring the semantic information.

Results

Emotionally neutral semantic content exerted little negative influence on the ASD group's accuracy, while semantic-prosodic incongruence in emotion-label words had dramatic adverse impacts. Although distinct emotional prosody identification patterns were observed across the two groups, the confusion matrices suggested that the participants with ASD had developed similar patterns in identifying the five prosodies.

Conclusions

Children with ASD demonstrated a stronger adverse impact from the incremental complexity in the overlap between prosody and lexical cues. However, notably, they have tended to develop a typical emotional prosody recognition pattern. Thus, the poorer performance in the ASD group might originate from the possible developmental delay in suppressing semantic interference rather than from inherent emotion-specific impairments.

语义内容是否以及如何调节自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的情绪韵律感知仍存在争议。本研究通过对汉语双音节词的语义信息进行系统处理，探讨了这一问题。方法：探讨语义内容复杂性对汉语自闭症儿童情绪韵律感知的潜在调节作用。设计了两项情绪韵律识别任务，在四种刺激类型中，分别是假词、语义中性词、语义韵律一致词和语义韵律不一致词，逐级增加不同程度的韵律和词汇复杂性。24名ASD儿童和22名正常发育儿童（TD）被要求专注于韵律通道来标记情绪，而忽略语义信息。结果：情绪中性的语义内容对ASD组的准确性影响不大，而情绪标签词的语义韵律不一致对ASD组的准确性有显著的不利影响。尽管在两组中观察到不同的情绪韵律识别模式，但混淆矩阵表明，患有ASD的参与者在识别五种韵律方面形成了相似的模式。结论：随着韵律线索和词汇线索重叠程度的增加，ASD患儿表现出更强的不利影响。然而，值得注意的是，他们倾向于发展一种典型的情绪韵律识别模式。因此，ASD组较差的表现可能源于抑制语义干扰的发育迟缓，而不是固有的情绪特异性障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the activation of target words in adults who stutter with and without conscious intention to speak: ERP evidence 探索口吃成人有意识说话和无意识说话时目标词的激活：ERP证据

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106486

Nathan D. Maxfield

Introduction

The primary aim was to determine whether the activation of target words unfolds differently in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA) preparing to name pictures. A secondary aim was to explore the influence of conscious intention to speak on this process.

Method

18 AWS and 18 TFA completed a picture naming task in which pictures – named at a delay – were followed by auditory probe words that were identical, or unrelated, to the target picture labels. A subset of those participants (15 AWS and 15 TFA) completed a second task in which pictures – judged conceptually at a delay – were followed by auditory probe words that directly named the pictures or were unrelated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from probe word onset in each task. It was predicted that the N400 ERP component – an index of lexical processing – would be attenuated to Identity versus Unrelated trials. Between-groups differences in lexical activation (if any) were predicted to result in between-groups differences in the amplitude, latency and/or scalp topography of N400 priming effects.

Results

N400 priming was detected in both tasks for both Groups. In the picture naming task, the N400 priming effect had a more broadly-distributed scalp topography in TFA versus AWS. No between-groups differences were detected in the N400 priming effect in the conceptual judgment task.

Conclusions

A between-groups difference in the scalp topography of the N400 priming effect in the picture naming task points to a between-groups difference in intention-driven lexical access. Discussion considers how the top-down process of intention – if diminished among AWS – might impact lexical selection and speech motor control.

简介：主要目的是确定口吃成人（AWS）与典型流利成人（TFA）在准备命名图片时，目标词的激活过程是否有所不同。方法：18 名口吃成人和 18 名典型口吃成人完成了一项图片命名任务，在该任务中，图片的命名有一定的延迟，随后会出现与目标图片标签相同或不相关的听觉探测词。这些参与者中的一部分（15 名 AWS 和 15 名 TFA）完成了第二项任务，在这项任务中，图片（在延迟状态下进行概念判断）后面跟着直接命名图片或与图片无关的听觉探究词。在每个任务中，从探究词开始时记录事件相关电位（ERP）。据预测，作为词汇加工指标的 N400 ERP 分量将在 "同一性 "与 "无关性 "试验中减弱。根据预测，词汇激活的组间差异（如果有的话）将导致 N400 引物效应的振幅、潜伏期和/或头皮地形的组间差异。在图片命名任务中，TFA 组和 AWS 组的 N400 引物效应头皮地形分布更广。结论在图片命名任务中，N400 引物效应的头皮地形存在组间差异，这表明在意图驱动的词汇访问方面存在组间差异。讨论考虑了自上而下的意向过程--如果在 AWS 中减弱--可能会如何影响词汇选择和言语运动控制。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic assessment of word learning as a predictor of response to vocabulary intervention 单词学习的动态评估可预测对词汇干预的反应

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106478

Elizabeth Spencer Kelley , Lindsey Peters-Sanders , Houston Sanders , Keri Madsen , Yagmur Seven , Howard Goldstein

Introduction

The current study examined the extent to which static and dynamic measures of vocabulary and word learning predicted response and identified poor responders to a vocabulary intervention.

Methods

Participants were 46 preschool children in classrooms randomly assigned to complete the Story Friends intervention in two cluster-randomized efficacy trials. Children were administered a static measure of vocabulary knowledge and a dynamic assessment of explicit word learning prior to intervention. Vocabulary learning in response to intervention was assessed using a curriculum-based definitional task.

Results

Both the static and dynamic measures were significant predictors of vocabulary learning in response to intervention. The dynamic assessment alone predicted 25 % of variance in vocabulary learning; the static and dynamic measures in combination predicted 42 %. In the responsivity analysis, the dynamic measure provided the best accuracy for a single measure (76 %), but the most accurate classification was provided by a combination of static and dynamic measures (79. The static measure accurately identified 93 % of poor responders, whereas the dynamic measure accurately identified 88 %.

Conclusions

In this study, both static and dynamic measures predicted preschool children's response to vocabulary intervention and provided a mostly accurate classification of good and poor responders. Additional research can inform the use of dynamic assessment to predict response to intervention and to match children with intense interventions.

导言：本研究探讨了词汇和单词学习的静态和动态测量在多大程度上可以预测对词汇干预的反应并识别反应不佳者。儿童在干预前接受了词汇知识的静态测量和显性词汇学习的动态评估。结果静态测量和动态测量都能显著预测干预后的词汇学习情况。单独的动态评估可预测词汇学习差异的 25%；静态和动态测量相结合可预测 42%。在反应性分析中，动态测量法提供了单一测量法的最佳准确性（76%），但静态和动态测量法组合提供了最准确的分类（79%）。结论在这项研究中，静态和动态测量法都能预测学龄前儿童对词汇干预的反应，并对反应好和反应差的儿童提供了基本准确的分类。更多的研究可以为使用动态评估来预测干预反应和为儿童匹配强化干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing drug-induced stuttering in electronic health records 电子健康记录中药物引起的口吃特征

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106475

Dillon G. Pruett , Christine Hunter , Alyssa Scartozzi , Douglas M. Shaw , Shelly Jo Kraft , Robin M. Jones , Megan M. Shuey , Jennifer E. Below

Purpose

Drug-induced stuttering is a phenomenon where the onset of stuttered speech is caused by exposure to pharmaceutical chemical substances. This acquired form of stuttering features many of the same overt speech behaviors as developmental stuttering. Investigations of drug-induced stuttering have been limited to adverse drug reaction reports and case studies. This study leveraged electronic health records (EHRs) at a major university medical center to identify drug-induced stuttering within medical notes, followed by classification of implicated drug types.

Methods

A previous systematic EHR review of approximately 3 million individuals to identify cases of developmental stuttering resulted in 40 suspected cases of drug-induced stuttering. In the present study, these cases were reviewed comprehensively to evaluate: name, class, and mechanism of action of suspected drug, level of evidence for the implicated drug as a causal agent, therapeutic measures taken, and progression or remission of stuttering.

Results

Eighteen different drugs were linked to possible drug-induced stuttering in 22 individuals. Antiseizure agents, CNS stimulants, and antidepressants were the most common drug classes implicated in drug-induced stuttering. topiramate (Topamax) was the most commonly implicated drug across all records reviewed.

Conclusions

This study represents the first analysis of health system data examining drugs implicated in drug-induced stuttering in a clinical setting. Augmenting previous case reports and database reviews, a variety of drugs were identified; however, improved reporting of drug-associated speech fluency changes within the EHR are needed to further amass evidence for suspected drugs and their associated epidemiological and clinical characteristics.

目的药物性口吃是一种由于接触药物化学物质而导致言语口吃的现象。这种后天口吃的特点与发展性口吃有许多相同的显性语言行为。对药物性口吃的调查仅限于药物不良反应报告和病例研究。本研究利用一所主要大学医学中心的电子健康记录（EHRs）来识别医疗记录中药物引起的口吃，然后对涉及的药物类型进行分类。方法先前对大约300万人进行系统的电子病历回顾，以确定发育性口吃病例，结果发现40例疑似药物性口吃病例。在本研究中，我们对这些病例进行了全面的回顾，以评估：可疑药物的名称、类别和作用机制，相关药物作为病因的证据水平，所采取的治疗措施，以及口吃的进展或缓解。结果在22例患者中，有18种不同的药物与可能的药物性口吃有关。抗癫痫药、中枢神经系统兴奋剂和抗抑郁药是引起药物性口吃最常见的药物。在所有回顾的记录中，托吡酯是最常涉及的药物。本研究首次分析了在临床环境中检查与药物性口吃有关的药物的卫生系统数据。根据以前的病例报告和数据库审查，确定了各种药物；然而，需要在EHR中改进与药物相关的语言流畅性变化的报告，以进一步收集可疑药物及其相关流行病学和临床特征的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Parent coaching to target language outcomes for Chinese-learning autistic preschoolers: A preliminary study 针对学习中文的自闭症学龄前儿童语言成果的家长辅导：初步研究

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106477

Patrick C.M. Wong , Hoyee W. Hirai , Li Wang , Xin Qi , Eric C.H. Poon , Mavis S.M. Chan , Giann T.Y. Yeung , Eric C.L. Lai , Carol K.S. To

Purpose

The present study evaluates the preliminary effectiveness of a parent-implemented support program to enhance language outcomes in Chinese-learning preschoolers with a confirmed diagnosis or at elevated likelihood of autism, a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition. The program is delivered entirely online with the option of a group format. Because of cross-cultural differences in adult learning and parent-child interaction and because parent coaching programs for autism that are delivered online are only emerging, a specific study to evaluate the effectiveness of online support for Chinese families is warranted.

Methods

A case control study with 22 families, 12 families in the Active support group and 10 in the Control group, was conducted. Families in the Active group attended 20 online lessons across 6 months in which they learned seven communication strategies to be implemented with their child at home. Extensive coaching and video feedback were provided. Before and after the online support, a 5 min parent-child interaction video collected at home via videoconferencing was used to code for mean length of utterances, type and token frequencies and percentage of pronoun production.

Results

As revealed by the Wilcoxon Signed rank tests, the Active group showed significant support-related improvement on all language measures except for type token ratio, with effect sizes in at least the moderate range. The Control group did not show statistically reliable support-related changes.

Conclusions

Parent coaching delivered in an online mode and with the option of a group format is potentially effective in enhancing language outcomes for Chinese-learning autistic children. A larger-scale study based on these preliminary findings should be conducted.

目的本研究评估了一项由家长实施的支持计划的初步效果，该计划旨在提高确诊为自闭症或自闭症可能性升高的学习中文的学龄前儿童的语言成果，自闭症是一种终身性神经发育问题。该项目完全通过网络进行，并可选择小组形式。由于在成人学习和亲子互动方面存在跨文化差异，而且针对自闭症的在线家长辅导项目刚刚兴起，因此有必要开展一项专门研究，以评估针对中国家庭的在线支持的有效性。方法我们对 22 个家庭进行了个案对照研究，其中 12 个家庭参加了积极支持组，10 个家庭参加了对照组。积极支持组的家庭在 6 个月内参加了 20 节在线课程，学习了七种在家中与孩子沟通的策略。我们还提供了大量的辅导和视频反馈。在线支持前后，通过视频会议在家中收集的 5 分钟亲子互动视频被用来编码平均语句长度、类型和标记频率以及代词产生的百分比。结果正如 Wilcoxon Signed 秩检验所显示的那样，除类型标记比率外，积极组在所有语言测量方面都显示出与支持相关的显著改善，效应大小至少在中等范围内。结论以在线模式和小组形式提供的家长辅导对于提高学习中文的自闭症儿童的语言成果具有潜在的效果。应根据这些初步研究结果开展更大规模的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Shifting from a female-dominated profession: The perceptions and experiences of male students in communication sciences and disorders 从女性占主导地位的专业转变：传播科学与障碍专业男生的看法和经历。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106474

Rachel K. Johnson , Jane Puhlman , Daniel J. Puhlman

Introduction

A longstanding aim of the American Speech and Hearing Association is to diversify professional representation. Despite their efforts, a prevalent disparity in male representation persists. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of males currently enrolled in a speech-language pathology (SLP) program to better understand barriers to entering the field and identify ways to increase the number of males practicing as speech-language pathologists.

Method

Twenty-one male students enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate SLP program in the United States participated in four focus group discussions. The 60 minute semi-structured interviews held virtually were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically from an experiential orientation using an inductive approach grounded in the data to explore male experiences and perspectives as an underrepresented student in the program.

Results

The analysis generated three themes: (1) Harnessing Heterogeneity, (2) Building Community and a Supportive Infrastructure, and (3) Infectious Attitudes and Perception. The experiences highlight the strengths and shortcomings of the profession and reveal the cultural landscape.

Conclusions

The findings reinforce the need for outreach efforts to increase awareness of the profession and highlight the importance of mentoring programs to provide the support and guidance needed for success.

导言：美国演讲与听力协会的长期目标是实现专业代表的多样化。尽管他们做出了努力，但男性代表方面的差距仍然普遍存在。本研究旨在探讨目前就读于言语病理学（SLP）专业的男生的经历，以便更好地了解进入该领域的障碍，并找出增加男性言语病理学家人数的方法：21 名就读于美国语言病理学本科或研究生课程的男生参加了四次焦点小组讨论。对 60 分钟的半结构式虚拟访谈进行了录音和逐字记录。我们从经验的角度出发，采用以数据为基础的归纳法对数据进行了主题分析，以探讨作为该专业中代表性不足的学生，男性的经验和观点：分析产生了三个主题：(1) 利用异质性，(2) 建立社区和支持性基础设施，(3) 感染性态度和观念。这些经验凸显了该行业的优势和不足，并揭示了文化背景：结论：研究结果加强了外联工作的必要性，以提高对这一职业的认识，并强调了指导计划的重要性，以提供成功所需的支持和指导。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive processing biases of social anxiety in adults who do and do not stutter 有口吃和没有口吃的成年人对社交焦虑的认知处理偏差。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106472

Michelle C. Swift , Martha Depasquale , Junwen Chen

Purpose

Adults who stutter are at risk of developing high levels of social anxiety, leading to negative outcomes and contributing towards stuttering relapse post treatment. To ensure that psychological treatments for social anxiety in stuttering adults are relevant and effective, a broader empirical understanding of the mechanisms of social anxiety in stuttering populations is required. Four key cognitive processing biases identified as maintenance factors in cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety were examined: self-focused attention, safety behavior use, negative self-imagery, and interpretation bias.

Methods

Adults who stutter and non-stuttering adults (N = 186) were assessed via an online survey. Participants were categorised into two groups based on stuttering: formally diagnosed stuttering and non-stuttering. Within those groups, participants were further categorised as having low or high levels of social anxiety. Cognitive processing bias was assessed in response to two hypothetical social scenarios (i.e., social interaction and social performance).

Results

As predicted, in both adults who stutter and who are non-stuttering, high social anxiety was related to greater self-focused attention, safety behavior use and negative self-imagery compared to low social anxiety. No significant effect of social anxiety or stuttering was found in relation to interpretation bias. A significant effect of social anxiety upon negative self-imagery was observed in formally-diagnosed adults who stutter compared to non-stuttering adults.

Conclusion

The results support the use of cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety as a framework for research and treatment development within stuttering populations.

目的：成人口吃者有可能产生高度社交焦虑，从而导致不良后果，并导致口吃治疗后复发。为确保针对成人口吃患者社交焦虑的心理治疗具有针对性和有效性，需要对口吃患者社交焦虑的机制有更广泛的实证理解。我们研究了社交焦虑认知行为模型中作为维持因素的四个关键认知加工偏差：自我关注、安全行为使用、消极自我想象和解释偏差：通过在线调查对口吃成人和不口吃成人（N = 186）进行了评估。根据口吃情况将参与者分为两组：经正式诊断的口吃者和非口吃者。在这些组别中，参与者又被分为社交焦虑程度低和高两类。针对两种假设的社交情景（即社交互动和社交表现），对认知加工偏差进行了评估：正如预测的那样，在口吃和不口吃的成年人中，与低社交焦虑相比，高社交焦虑与更多的自我关注、安全行为的使用和消极的自我想象有关。社交焦虑或口吃对解释偏差没有明显影响。与不口吃的成年人相比，被正式诊断为口吃的成年人的社交焦虑对消极自我想象有明显影响：研究结果支持将社交焦虑认知行为模型作为口吃人群研究和治疗发展的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Linguistic factors associated with stuttering-like disfluencies in Japanese preschool and school-aged children who stutter 与日本学龄前和学龄期口吃儿童口吃样不流利现象相关的语言因素。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106473

Saburo Takahashi , Daichi Iimura , Osamu Ishida

Introduction

Stuttering is influenced by different linguistic factors, such as sentence- and word-level factors. However, its developmental differences remain unclear. Thus, this study examined the developmental differences in the linguistic factors associated with stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) among Japanese preschool and school-aged children who stutter.

Methods

We analyzed utterances from 30 Japanese-speaking children who stutter aged 5–10 years. Participants were divided into three groups according to their age (5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 years old).

Results

Significant effects of sentence length, bunsetsu length, syllable weight, and bi-mora frequency on SLD frequency were observed across the age groups. In contrast, there was not a significant effect of mora frequency on SLD frequency.

Conclusions

Both sentence- and word-level factors affected SLD in children who stutter aged 5–10 years. Future research should be conducted with children below 5 years of age to observe detailed developmental differences in the linguistic factors that affect stuttering.

简介口吃受不同语言因素的影响，如句子和单词层面的因素。然而，其发展差异仍不明确。因此，本研究调查了日本学龄前和学龄期口吃儿童中与口吃样障碍（SLD）相关的语言因素的发展差异：我们分析了 30 名 5-10 岁日语口吃儿童的口语。根据年龄将参与者分为三组（5-6 岁、7-8 岁和 9-10 岁）：各年龄组的句子长度、文集长度、音节重量和双音频率对 SLD 频率都有显著影响。相比之下，语素频率对 SLD 频率没有显著影响：结论：句子和词语层面的因素都会影响 5-10 岁口吃儿童的 SLD。今后的研究应针对 5 岁以下的儿童，以观察影响口吃的语言因素的详细发育差异。

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引用次数: 0

When adults with speech-language impairment meet law enforcement: A qualitative analysis of client experiences 当有语言障碍的成年人遇到执法人员时：客户体验的定性分析

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106471

Margaret L. Greenwald, Derek E. Daniels

Introduction

Members of law enforcement and the general public who have limited knowledge of persons with communication impairments (PCI) may misinterpret their communication behaviors. Few studies exist about communication between PCI and law enforcement, and data are lacking about the factors that may influence their interactions. Considering this need, we addressed the following research questions: How will PCI describe their attitudes and experiences related to interacting with law enforcement? What individual characteristics may influence these attitudes and experiences?

Methods

In individual semi-structured interviews, we asked 10 adults with speech-language differences (aphasia, dysarthria, or stuttering) to describe their experiences of interacting with members of law enforcement, the communication strategies they would use when interacting with law enforcement, and what they would like members of law enforcement to know about their communication needs. In qualitative analyses, we generated themes from the data.

Results

Three main themes and four subthemes were evident in participant responses. Participant emotions and communication behavior were affected in complex ways during their interactions with a person of authority in uniform. In this sample of PCI, levels of confidence about communicating with strangers were lower for participants with no visible characteristics versus those who exhibited these signs. The participants recommended communication strategies for use by members of law enforcement.

Conclusions

These findings extend the limited literature on this topic to include factors that appear to influence the attitudes and experiences of PCI during their interactions with law enforcement. In clinical application, speech-language pathologists have an important role to play in assisting clients to practice individualized communication strategies for interactions with law enforcement in various contexts. Further research is needed into the perspectives of PCI and the attitudes and experiences of law enforcement when interacting with PCI.

导言：对交流障碍者（PCI）了解有限的执法人员和公众可能会误解他们的交流行为。有关沟通障碍者与执法人员之间沟通的研究很少，而且缺乏有关可能影响他们之间互动的因素的数据。考虑到这一需求，我们提出了以下研究问题：PCI 如何描述他们与执法部门互动的态度和经历？在个人半结构式访谈中，我们请 10 位有言语语言障碍（失语、构音障碍或口吃）的成年人描述他们与执法人员互动的经历、他们与执法人员互动时会使用的沟通策略，以及他们希望执法人员了解他们的沟通需求。在定性分析中，我们从数据中生成了主题。结果在参与者的回答中，我们发现了三个主要主题和四个次主题。在与穿制服的权威人士互动的过程中，参与者的情绪和沟通行为受到了复杂的影响。在这个 PCI 样本中，没有明显特征的参与者与表现出这些特征的参与者相比，对与陌生人交流的信心水平较低。这些研究结果扩展了有关这一主题的有限文献，包括了在与执法人员互动过程中似乎会影响 PCI 的态度和体验的因素。在临床应用中，言语病理学家可以发挥重要作用，帮助客户练习个性化的沟通策略，以便在各种情况下与执法人员进行互动。需要进一步研究 PCI 的观点以及执法人员在与 PCI 互动时的态度和体验。

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引用次数: 0

Early intervention speech-language pathologists’ beliefs and practices related to assessing dual language learners 早期干预言语病理学家对评估双语学习者的信念和实践。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Journal of Communication Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106470

Rebecca L. Jarzynski , Milijana Buac

Introduction

Early intervention (EI) speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are required to provide culturally and linguistically responsive assessments for dual language learners (DLLs). However, SLPs consistently report feeling underprepared to assess DLLs and research demonstrates gaps in implementation of best practices in pediatric outpatient and school-based settings. This study was designed to understand EI SLPs’ beliefs and practices related to assessing DLLs referred to early intervention programs.

Methods

A total of 132 EI SLPs completed a survey in which they were asked to describe their assessment procedures for a DLL case scenario and were further asked to identify the degree to which they agreed with a variety of assessment practices for assessing DLLs.

Results

Results revealed that EI SLPs’ beliefs aligned with best practices for assessing DLLs. However, substantial gaps exist between EI SLPs’ beliefs and their self-reported practices for assessing DLLs.

Conclusions

These results suggest DLLs may not be receiving evidence-based EI assessments, leading to the potential perpetuation of both over- and under-diagnosis of speech and language delays within this population. Implications include the need to increase the quality of EI SLPs assessment practices through additional training, the removal of systems-level barriers, and the continued need for increased training within preprofessional training programs.

简介：早期干预（EI）要求言语病理学家（SLPs）为双语学习者（DLLs）提供文化和语言方面的评估。然而，言语语言病理学家一直表示，他们对评估双语学习者准备不足，而且研究表明，在儿科门诊和学校环境中，最佳实践的实施存在差距。本研究旨在了解幼儿教育辅助语言教师在评估转介至早期干预项目的 DLLs 时的相关信念和实践：共有 132 名早期干预辅助语言教师完成了一项调查，他们被要求描述他们对 DLL 案例的评估程序，并被进一步要求确定他们对评估 DLL 的各种评估方法的认同程度：结果显示，EI SLPs 的信念与评估 DLLs 的最佳实践一致。然而，在评估 DLLs 方面，EI SLPs 的信念与他们自我报告的实践之间存在很大差距：这些结果表明，DLL 儿童可能没有接受以证据为基础的 EI 评估，从而导致这一人群中言语和语言障碍的过度诊断和诊断不足的情况可能长期存在。其影响包括：需要通过额外的培训、消除系统层面的障碍来提高语言智能辅助治疗师的评估实践质量，以及继续需要在专业前培训课程中加强培训。

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