Aeolian Research最新文献_第6页

Dust transport pathways from The Great Basin 来自大盆地的尘埃运输路径

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100958

Ronald S. Treminio , Nicholas P. Webb , Saroj Dhital , Akasha Faist , Beth Newingham , Colby Brungard , David DuBois , Brandon L. Edwards , Emily Kachergis

The Great Basin is at risk of increased wind erosion and dust emissions due to grazing pressure, urbanization, wildfire, and non-native plant invasion. Recent efforts to quantify wind erosion risk on Great Basin rangelands identified high to extreme wind erosion and dust emission hotspots. However, the spatial extent and seasonal variability of dust transport pathways from the Great Basin, and thus the local and regional dust impacts, are not well understood. Here, we computed forward air-parcel trajectories using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model using the North American Regional Reanalysis 32-km meteorological data and kernel density analysis to describe potential seasonal dust transport pathways associated with three Great Basin wind erosion hotspots. Probability mass-densities for six different heights above ground level (AGL) were estimated to describe the spatial and vertical extent of potential dust transport across North America. A large proportion of trajectories occurred within 0 – 500 m AGL in spring (25.9 % − 32.7 %), fall (33.6 % − 35.1 %), and winter (44.1 % − 53.8 %). The proportion of trajectories at 2000 – 5000 m AGL is highest in summer (32.1 % − 39.8 %) and spring (23.0 % − 23.3 %). Thus, long range west-to-east transport of dust over North America is likeliest in summer. However, local redistribution of dust near hotspots, is more likely in spring, fall, and winter. This study helps to link potential dust transport pathways to wind erosion hotspots for mitigating the local and regional impacts of dust emissions, informing rangeland management strategies, and improving air quality assessments across North America.

由于放牧压力、城市化、野火和非本地植物入侵，大盆地面临着风蚀和粉尘排放增加的风险。最近对大盆地牧场的风蚀风险进行量化的工作确定了风蚀和沙尘排放的高危和极端热点地区。然而，人们对来自大盆地的沙尘传输路径的空间范围和季节性变化，以及对当地和区域沙尘的影响还不甚了解。在此，我们使用混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型，利用北美区域再分析 32 公里气象数据和核密度分析，计算了前向空气包裹轨迹，以描述与大盆地三个风蚀热点相关的潜在季节性沙尘传输路径。估算了离地面（AGL）六种不同高度的概率质量密度，以描述北美潜在沙尘传输的空间和垂直范围。在春季（25.9% - 32.7%）、秋季（33.6% - 35.1%）和冬季（44.1% - 53.8%），大部分轨迹发生在 0 - 500 m AGL 范围内。在 2000 - 5000 米 AGL 高度的飞行轨迹比例在夏季（32.1 % - 39.8 %）和春季（23.0 % - 23.3 %）最高。因此，北美上空由西向东的尘埃长程飘移最可能发生在夏季。不过，在春季、秋季和冬季，热点地区附近的沙尘更有可能发生局部再分布。这项研究有助于将潜在的沙尘传输路径与风蚀热点联系起来，以减轻沙尘排放对当地和区域的影响，为牧场管理战略提供信息，并改善整个北美地区的空气质量评估。

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引用次数: 0

Lagging behind: Impact of non-native gravel within a coastal dune system 落后：海岸沙丘系统中非原生砾石的影响

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100957

Phillip P. Schmutz , Tynon Briggs , Samantha Seals

Recent research has increasingly focused on the intricate relationship between wind dynamics and sediment transport in coastal settings, particularly how surface features affect aeolian transport processes. Non-erodible roughness elements such as gravel or shell deposits play a significant role by altering wind flow and raising the wind velocity threshold required to mobilize sediment. Despite advancements in modeling, fully understanding sediment transport dynamics remains challenging due to the complex interactions between surface features and wind dynamics. This study explores the influence of non-erodible lag surfaces on sediment transport in sandy barrier island environments. Fieldwork on Santa Rosa Island, Florida, involved two plots: one with a natural sandy surface and another with a gravel lag surface. Wind and sediment transport were monitored for three months using cup anemometers and Wenglor particle counters. Spline regression models identified a two-knot system at wind speed thresholds of 9 ms⁻¹ and 11 ms⁻¹, representing critical changes in sediment transport dynamics. Our results show that non-erodible surfaces significantly reduce sediment transport at lower wind speeds. At wind speeds below 9 ms⁻¹, sediment transport on the lag surface was 131 percent lower than on the non-lag surface. However, as wind speeds increased, the influence of the lag surface diminished, and no significant difference in transport was observed at wind speeds above 11 ms⁻¹. These findings emphasize the intricate role of non-erodible elements in reducing sediment transport at lower wind speeds while enhancing transport dynamics under stronger wind conditions. These insights inform future models and guide coastal management practices.

最近的研究越来越多地集中在沿海环境中风动力和沉积物输运之间的复杂关系，特别是地表特征如何影响风成过程。不可侵蚀的粗糙元素，如砾石或贝壳沉积物，通过改变风向和提高调动沉积物所需的风速阈值发挥重要作用。尽管在建模方面取得了进步，但由于地表特征和风动力之间复杂的相互作用，完全理解沉积物的输运动力学仍然具有挑战性。本研究探讨了沙障岛环境中不可侵蚀滞后面对泥沙输运的影响。在佛罗里达州圣罗莎岛的实地考察涉及两个地块：一个是天然沙质表面，另一个是砾石滞后表面。利用杯状风速计和Wenglor粒子计数器对风和泥沙输运进行了三个月的监测。样条回归模型确定了风速阈值为9 ms−1和11 ms−1时的双结系统，代表了泥沙输运动力学的关键变化。我们的研究结果表明，在较低风速下，不可侵蚀表面显著减少了沉积物的输运。风速低于9 ms−1时，滞后面输沙量比非滞后面低131%。然而，随着风速的增加，滞后面的影响减弱，在11 ms−1以上的风速下，输运没有显著差异。这些发现强调了非可蚀性元素在低风速下减少沉积物输运而在强风条件下增强输运动力学中的复杂作用。这些见解为未来的模式提供了信息，并指导了沿海管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Combining modeling and isotopic signatures to track Aeolian dust from source to sink in the Wasatch Front, Utah, USA 结合模拟和同位素特征追踪美国犹他州瓦萨奇前线从源头到汇的风沙

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100954

Zachary Lawless , Ty Hosler , Bradley R. Adams , Gregory T. Carling

Dust events are tracked from source to sink using geochemical/isotopic tracers, dust emission and transport modeling, or remote sensing, but these tools are rarely used together. To test the utility of combining multiple dust tracking methods, we used three Wasatch Front (Utah) dust events from August 2009, May 2020, and September 2020 to compare source apportionment estimated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios. The Wasatch Front is impacted by atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from local urban sources and regional playas including Sevier Dry Lake, Great Salt Lake (GSL), and the GSL Desert. CMAQ modeling of the August 2009 event showed dust emission and transport from multiple playa sources to the Salt Lake City measurement site as wind patterns changed during the storm. The predicted mix of sources was consistent with the measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.71217 on the PM₁₀ filter collected during the event. Modeling of the May 2020 period showed a consistent meteorological pattern that carried dust from the Sevier Dry Lake area toward the Provo measurement site, consistent with the measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.71015. Modeling of the September 2020 period indicated a major dust event with complex wind patterns that changed during the event, resulting in relatively small amounts of dust from GSL Desert being transported to the Provo site. No emissions from Sevier Dry Lake were predicted to reach the site during the September event, suggesting GSL Desert contributions were mixed with local dust with a lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio to produce the measured value of 0.71097. Results from the three dust events demonstrate the benefits of combining CMAQ emission and transport modeling with isotopic data from PM₁₀ filters to better characterize dust source-to-sink behavior in Utah, and illustrate the potential for application in other arid regions.

利用地球化学/同位素示踪剂、粉尘排放和运输模型或遥感，从源头到汇跟踪粉尘事件，但这些工具很少同时使用。为了验证多种粉尘跟踪方法组合的有效性，我们使用了2009年8月、2020年5月和2020年9月在犹他州Wasatch Front发生的三次粉尘事件，比较了社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ）模型和锶同位素（87Sr/86Sr）比率估算的源分配。瓦萨奇前沿受到来自当地城市和区域游乐区的大气颗粒物（PM）的影响，包括塞维尔干湖、大盐湖（GSL）和GSL沙漠。2009年8月事件的CMAQ模型显示，随着风暴期间风型的变化，从多个playa源到盐湖城测量点的粉尘排放和运输。预测的混合源与事件期间收集的PM10过滤器上测量到的87Sr/86Sr比值0.71217一致。对2020年5月期间的建模显示，一种一致的气象模式将沙尘从塞维尔干湖地区带到普罗沃测量点，这与测量到的87Sr/86Sr比值0.71015一致。对2020年9月期间的建模表明，一次重大的沙尘事件发生了复杂的风型，在此事件期间发生了变化，导致GSL沙漠中相对少量的沙尘被运送到普罗沃站点。在9月份的事件中，预计没有来自塞维尔干湖的排放物到达该地点，这表明GSL沙漠的贡献与87Sr/86Sr比较低的当地尘埃混合在一起，产生了0.71097的测量值。三个沙尘事件的结果表明，将CMAQ排放和输送模型与PM10过滤器的同位素数据相结合，可以更好地表征犹他州的沙尘源-汇行为，并说明在其他干旱地区应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Implications of gravel content on aerodynamic parameters, sand flux, erosion and accumulation during deflation processes over Gobi 戈壁上空放气过程中砾石含量对空气动力参数、沙通量、侵蚀和堆积的影响

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100946

Hongxue Zhang , Kecun Zhang , Zhishan An , Chengjie Xue , Jiapeng Pan , Lihai Tan

The deflationary process of the Gobi Desert contributes to the release of atmospheric dust and may lead to sand hazards. This process is influenced by the presence of gravel on the desert surface. While extensive research has been conducted on the impact of gravel coverage on sand transport, there is lack of studies examining the wind-sand characteristics across varying gravel content in mixed beds of sand and gravel. In a series of wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic parameters, sand flux, and both erosion and accumulation amount were measured across beds with differing gravel contents. The findings revealed that the maximum roughness and friction velocity were observed at a 35 % gravel content. As gravel content increased, both the sand flux density (q) and the total sand flux within 30 cm (q_t30) declined, whereas the saltation height (h₅₀) increased. Both the deflation rate and the sediment entrainment rate showed a decrease as the gravel content increased from 15 % to 55 %. Although particle flux density exhibited significant fluctuations, no clear correlation with gravel content was found. The deflation process is accompanied by distinct stripes of sand accumulation at 15 % and 25 % gravel contents, owing to the saturated sand flow characterized by a high sand entrainment rate and particle flux density. In contrast, a gravel content of 55 % exhibited stability with only minor deflation, corresponding to a low sand entrainment rate and particle flux density, thus approaching an equilibrium state. This observation indicates that increasing gravel content effectively slows the deflation rate.

戈壁滩的塌陷过程会导致大气中尘埃的释放，并可能引发沙尘灾害。这一过程受到沙漠表面砾石的影响。虽然已经对砾石覆盖对沙尘输送的影响进行了大量研究，但缺乏对沙砾混床中不同砾石含量下的风沙特性的研究。在一系列风洞实验中，对不同砾石含量的沙床进行了空气动力参数、沙通量、侵蚀量和堆积量的测量。实验结果表明，砾石含量为 35% 时，粗糙度和摩擦速度最大。随着砾石含量的增加，30 厘米范围内的砂通量密度（q）和总砂通量（qt30）都在下降，而盐化高度（h50）则在增加。随着砾石含量从 15% 增加到 55%，放气率和泥沙夹带率均有所下降。虽然颗粒通量密度表现出明显的波动，但与砾石含量没有明显的相关性。在砾石含量为 15% 和 25% 时，由于饱和砂流具有高夹砂率和颗粒通量密度的特点，放气过程伴随着明显的砂堆积条纹。与此相反，砾石含量为 55 % 时，由于夹沙率和颗粒通量密度较低，只表现出轻微放气的稳定性，从而接近平衡状态。这一观察结果表明，增加砾石含量可有效减缓放气速率。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of different approaches for estimating shear velocity in aeolian research studies 评估风化研究中估算剪切速度的不同方法

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100945

Pei Zhang , Brandon L. Edwards , Nicholas P. Webb , Andrew Trautz , John A. Gillies , Nancy P. Ziegler , Justin W. Van Zee

Sonic anemometry represents an important technological advance for aeolian studies, fostering better understanding of near-surface turbulence and improved methods for estimating shear velocity (

u_{*}

). Here, we compare

u_{*}

estimated from the Law of the Wall approach and from four methods that use 3-D wind vector measurements from sonic anemometers: double rotation, triple rotation, planar fit, and a newly developed approach based on invariants of the Reynolds stress tensor. Data were collected over 7.5 months at the Jornada Experimental Range in the Chihuahuan Desert, southern New Mexico, USA. We used

u_{*}

estimates from the double rotation method as a reference for comparing the other methods because of its prevalence in the aeolian literature. On average,

u_{*}

estimates from the other three methods are within 5.0 % of estimates from the double rotation approach. Estimates from the triple rotation approach were 2.2 % lower on average. Estimates from the planar fit method were the most similar, within 1.3 % on average. Estimates from the stress tensor approach were 4.9 % larger on average. We found significant discrepancies, ranging from −14.7 % to 13.7 %, among

u_{*}

estimated from the Law of the Wall and the other methods. This underscores the need for careful methodology selection to ensure accurate characterization of boundary layer turbulence.

声波风速测量是风化研究的一项重要技术进步，有助于更好地了解近地表湍流和改进剪切速度（u∗）的估算方法。在这里，我们比较了根据壁面定律方法和利用声波风速计三维风矢量测量的四种方法估算的 u∗：双旋转、三旋转、平面拟合和基于雷诺应力张量不变式的新开发方法。我们在美国新墨西哥州南部奇瓦瓦沙漠的乔纳达实验场收集了 7.5 个月的数据。我们使用双旋转法估算的 u∗ 作为比较其他方法的参考，因为该方法在风化文献中非常普遍。平均而言，其他三种方法得出的 u∗ 估计值与双旋转法得出的估计值相差 5.0%。三重旋转法的估计值平均低 2.2%。平面拟合方法的估计值最为接近，平均在 1.3 %以内。应力张量法的估计值平均高出 4.9%。我们发现，用墙体定律和其他方法估算的 u∗ 存在很大差异，从-14.7%到13.7%不等。这强调了需要谨慎选择方法，以确保边界层湍流的准确特征。

{"title":"An evaluation of different approaches for estimating shear velocity in aeolian research studies","authors":"Pei Zhang , Brandon L. Edwards , Nicholas P. Webb , Andrew Trautz , John A. Gillies , Nancy P. Ziegler , Justin W. Van Zee","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonic anemometry represents an important technological advance for aeolian studies, fostering better understanding of near-surface turbulence and improved methods for estimating shear velocity (<span><math><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>). Here, we compare <span><math><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> estimated from the Law of the Wall approach and from four methods that use 3-D wind vector measurements from sonic anemometers: double rotation, triple rotation, planar fit, and a newly developed approach based on invariants of the Reynolds stress tensor. Data were collected over 7.5 months at the Jornada Experimental Range in the Chihuahuan Desert, southern New Mexico, USA. We used <span><math><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> estimates from the double rotation method as a reference for comparing the other methods because of its prevalence in the aeolian literature. On average, <span><math><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> estimates from the other three methods are within 5.0 % of estimates from the double rotation approach. Estimates from the triple rotation approach were 2.2 % lower on average. Estimates from the planar fit method were the most similar, within 1.3 % on average. Estimates from the stress tensor approach were 4.9 % larger on average. We found significant discrepancies, ranging from −14.7 % to 13.7 %, among <span><math><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> estimated from the Law of the Wall and the other methods. This underscores the need for careful methodology selection to ensure accurate characterization of boundary layer turbulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 100945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aeolian sand cover on a granite peninsula (Hammeren, Bornholm, Baltic Sea) formed in three episodes during the past 11,600 years 花岗岩半岛（波罗的海，博恩霍尔姆岛，哈默伦）上的风化沙覆盖层在过去 11 600 年间分三次形成

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100944

Lars B. Clemmensen , Aslaug C. Glad , Giulia Cossu , Vincenzo Pascucci

Aeolian sand covers a significant part of the granite peninsula Hammeren on northernmost Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. The coastline of Hammeren is rocky and apart from one relative wide and sandy pocket beach at the east coast only few, small and gravelly pocket beaches exist. The aeolian deposits form three sand covers that stretch inland from the east and northwestern facing coasts of Hammeren. The largest sand cover forms a rising sand plain that cover the granitic landscape up to 700 m inland and reaches up to 60 m above sea level. Historical sources mention aeolian sand movement around CE 1775 in the middle of the Little Ice Age, but until this study no absolute age control has been available to confirm these observations. Luminescence dating of selected sample sites indicates that aeolian sand movement took place in three episodes. The first episode was in the last part of the Younger Dryas at about 11,500 BP, the second episode was in the Danish Late Bronze Age at about 2700 BP, and the youngest episode was indeed during the Little Ice Age around 200 BP (CE 1750). These episodes with aeolian activity all fall during relatively cold climatic intervals and add support to previous studies indicating a link between cold climates an increased storminess in Northwest Europe including the southern Baltic Sea region.

在波罗的海博恩霍尔姆岛（Bornholm）最北端的花岗岩半岛哈默伦（Hammeren）上，有很大一部分地区都覆盖着风化沙。哈默伦半岛的海岸线多岩石，除了东海岸有一个相对宽阔的袋状沙滩外，只有几个小的砾质袋状沙滩。风化沉积物形成了三个沙层，从哈默伦的东海岸和西北海岸向内陆延伸。最大的沙层形成了一个隆起的沙原，覆盖了内陆 700 米的花岗岩地貌，最高处达海拔 60 米。历史资料提到，在小冰河时期中期，即公元 1775 年左右曾出现过风沙运动，但在本研究之前，还没有绝对的年代对照来证实这些观察结果。对选定样本地点进行的荧光测年表明，风沙运动分为三个阶段。第一段发生在小干纪末，约公元前 11500 年；第二段发生在丹麦青铜时代晚期，约公元前 2700 年；最年轻的一段发生在小冰河时期，约公元前 200 年（公元 1750 年）。这些有风化活动的事件都发生在相对寒冷的气候间歇期，为之前的研究提供了支持，这些研究表明寒冷气候与西北欧（包括波罗的海南部地区）风暴增加之间存在联系。

{"title":"Aeolian sand cover on a granite peninsula (Hammeren, Bornholm, Baltic Sea) formed in three episodes during the past 11,600 years","authors":"Lars B. Clemmensen , Aslaug C. Glad , Giulia Cossu , Vincenzo Pascucci","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aeolian sand covers a significant part of the granite peninsula Hammeren on northernmost Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. The coastline of Hammeren is rocky and apart from one relative wide and sandy pocket beach at the east coast only few, small and gravelly pocket beaches exist. The aeolian deposits form three sand covers that stretch inland from the east and northwestern facing coasts of Hammeren. The largest sand cover forms a rising sand plain that cover the granitic landscape up to 700 m inland and reaches up to 60 m above sea level. Historical sources mention aeolian sand movement around CE 1775 in the middle of the Little Ice Age, but until this study no absolute age control has been available to confirm these observations. Luminescence dating of selected sample sites indicates that aeolian sand movement took place in three episodes. The first episode was in the last part of the Younger Dryas at about 11,500 BP, the second episode was in the Danish Late Bronze Age at about 2700 BP, and the youngest episode was indeed during the Little Ice Age around 200 BP (CE 1750). These episodes with aeolian activity all fall during relatively cold climatic intervals and add support to previous studies indicating a link between cold climates an increased storminess in Northwest Europe including the southern Baltic Sea region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speculation on an early Pleistocene origin of the Parker dunes of southwest Arizona, USA 关于美国亚利桑那州西南部帕克沙丘早更新世起源的推测

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100943

Yeong Bae Seong , Kenzie L. Shandonay , Ronald I. Dorn , Brian F. Gootee , Byong Yong Yu

The Parker Dunes in western Arizona, USA represent the largest dune system in the Sonoran Desert. This study presents a simple ¹⁰Be-²⁶Al cosmogenic burial age of 1.90 ± 0.20 Ma, obtained from well cuttings 240–270 m deep in Butler Valley, just east of the dune field. Given the large errors associated with burial dating, we can only speculate that this oldest known aeolian sediment within the Parker Dunes is roughly concurrent with the Bat Cave flood event ca. 2.1 Ma of the nearby Colorado River, as well as regional climatic aridity during the early Pleistocene. Since older dune deposits may be present at other locations in the Parker Dunes, its origin dates back to at least the early Pleistocene. The more important, broader implication rests in highlighting the underutilized potential of well cuttings as a sediment source for cosmogenic burial dating in aeolian research.

美国亚利桑那州西部的帕克沙丘是索诺拉沙漠中最大的沙丘系统。本研究从沙丘区东部巴特勒山谷 240 至 270 米深的钻孔中获得了简单的 10Be-26Al 宇宙成因埋藏年龄，即 1.90 ± 0.20 Ma。鉴于埋藏年代测定存在较大误差，我们只能推测帕克沙丘内已知最古老的风化沉积物与附近科罗拉多河约 2.1 Ma 的蝙蝠洞洪水事件以及更新世早期的区域气候干旱大致同时发生。由于帕克沙丘的其他位置可能存在更古老的沙丘沉积，因此其起源至少可以追溯到更新世早期。更重要、更广泛的意义在于，它强调了在风化研究中，作为宇宙成因埋藏年代测定的沉积物来源，井碴的潜力未得到充分利用。

引用次数: 0

Transport and deposition of microplastics and microrubbers during a dust storm (Sarakhs, northeast Iran) 沙尘暴期间微塑料和微橡胶的迁移和沉积（伊朗东北部萨拉赫斯）

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100942

Sajjad Abbasi , Neda Hashemi , Nafiseh Khodabakhshloo , Monireh Mina , Mohammad Reza Yousefi , Andrew Turner

Dust storms are important vehicles for the erosion and translocation of geogenic material in arid and semi-arid climates but little is known about their role in transporting microplastics (MPs). In this study, local soils (n = 20) and dusts deposited from a storm (n = 41) have been sampled from a remote region of northeastern Iran (Sarakhs) and the quantities and characteristics of MPs and microrubbers (MRs) determined using established techniques. In dusts, MPs and MRs were detected in 33 and 17 cases, respectively, with respective median and maximum concentrations of 0.48 and 23.0 MP g⁻¹ and 0.50 and 6.48 MR g⁻¹ and depositional fluxes of up to about 12 MP m⁻² h⁻¹ and 7 MR m⁻² h⁻¹. In soils, MPs and MRs were detected in ten and eight cases, respectively, with respective median and maximum concentrations of 0.25 and 1.90 MP g⁻¹ and 3.27 and 14.3 MR g⁻¹. Overall, the ratio of MPs in dusts to soils relative to MRs in dusts to soils was about 20, reflecting the greater mobility of the former type of particle. This can be attributed to the ready suspension and more favourable aerodynamic properties of fibrous MPs compared with fragmented MRs. A comparison of MPs in dusts and soils suggests a preferential long-range transport of fibres with certain characteristics (e.g., long, red and constructed of polypropylene), with HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling suggesting secondary (e.g., soil) sources to the south and southwest. Dust storms are important regional transporters of atmospheric MPs and MRs whose role is predicted to increase as desertification and the demands for potable water and plastics rise.

沙尘暴是干旱和半干旱气候条件下侵蚀和转移地质材料的重要载体，但人们对沙尘暴在迁移微塑料（MPs）方面的作用却知之甚少。本研究从伊朗东北部偏远地区（萨拉赫斯）采集了当地土壤（n = 20）和暴风雨沉积的尘埃（n = 41）样本，并采用成熟技术测定了微塑料和微橡胶（MRs）的数量和特征。在粉尘中，分别检测到 33 和 17 个 MPs 和 MRs，其浓度中位数和最大值分别为 0.48 和 23.0 MP g-1 和 0.50 和 6.48 MR g-1，沉积通量分别高达约 12 MP m-2 h-1 和 7 MR m-2 h-1。在土壤中，分别检测到 10 个 MPs 和 8 个 MRs，浓度中位数和最大值分别为 0.25 MP g-1 和 1.90 MP g-1 以及 3.27 MR g-1 和 14.3 MR g-1。总体而言，粉尘和土壤中的 MP 与粉尘和土壤中的 MR 之比约为 20，反映出前一类颗粒的流动性更大。这可归因于纤维状 MPs 易于悬浮，而且与碎裂的 MRs 相比，纤维状 MPs 具有更有利的空气动力学特性。对尘埃和土壤中的 MPs 进行比较后发现，具有某些特征（如长、红色和聚丙烯结构）的纤维更倾向于长程飘移，而 HYSPLIT 的后向轨迹建模则表明其次要来源（如土壤）在南部和西南部。沙尘暴是大气中 MPs 和 MRs 的重要区域传播者，随着荒漠化的加剧以及对饮用水和塑料需求的增加，预计沙尘暴的作用会越来越大。

{"title":"Transport and deposition of microplastics and microrubbers during a dust storm (Sarakhs, northeast Iran)","authors":"Sajjad Abbasi , Neda Hashemi , Nafiseh Khodabakhshloo , Monireh Mina , Mohammad Reza Yousefi , Andrew Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust storms are important vehicles for the erosion and translocation of geogenic material in arid and semi-arid climates but little is known about their role in transporting microplastics (MPs). In this study, local soils (<em>n</em> = 20) and dusts deposited from a storm (<em>n</em> = 41) have been sampled from a remote region of northeastern Iran (Sarakhs) and the quantities and characteristics of MPs and microrubbers (MRs) determined using established techniques. In dusts, MPs and MRs were detected in 33 and 17 cases, respectively, with respective median and maximum concentrations of 0.48 and 23.0 MP g<sup>−1</sup> and 0.50 and 6.48 MR g<sup>−1</sup> and depositional fluxes of up to about 12 MP m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. In soils, MPs and MRs were detected in ten and eight cases, respectively, with respective median and maximum concentrations of 0.25 and 1.90 MP g<sup>−1</sup> and 3.27 and 14.3 MR g<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, the ratio of MPs in dusts to soils relative to MRs in dusts to soils was about 20, reflecting the greater mobility of the former type of particle. This can be attributed to the ready suspension and more favourable aerodynamic properties of fibrous MPs compared with fragmented MRs. A comparison of MPs in dusts and soils suggests a preferential long-range transport of fibres with certain characteristics (e.g., long, red and constructed of polypropylene), with HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling suggesting secondary (e.g., soil) sources to the south and southwest. Dust storms are important regional transporters of atmospheric MPs and MRs whose role is predicted to increase as desertification and the demands for potable water and plastics rise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 100942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing variability in geochemistry and mineralogy of western US dust sources 美国西部尘源的地球化学和矿物学变异特征

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100941

Abby L. Mangum , Gregory T. Carling , Barry R. Bickmore , Nicholas Webb , DeTiare L. Leifi , Janice Brahney , Diego P. Fernandez , Kevin A. Rey , Stephen T. Nelson , Landon Burgener , Joshua J. LeMonte , Alyssa N. Thompson , Beth A. Newingham , Michael C. Duniway , Zachary T. Aanderud

Dust events originate from multiple sources in arid and semi-arid regions, making it difficult to quantify source contributions. Dust geochemical/mineralogical composition, if the sources are sufficiently distinct, can be used to quantify the contributions from different sources. To test the viability of using geochemical and mineralogical measurements to separate dust-emitting sites, we used dust samples collected between 2018 and 2020 from ten National Wind Erosion Research Network (NWERN) sites that are representative of western United States (US) dust sources. Dust composition varied seasonally at many of the sites, but within-site variability was smaller than across-site variability, indicating that the geochemical signatures are robust over time. It was not possible to separate all the sites using commonly applied principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis because of overlap in dust geochemistry. However, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) successfully separated all sites based on their geochemistry, suggesting that LDA may prove useful for separating dust sources that cannot be separated using PCA or other methods. Further, an LDA based on mineralogical data separated most sites using only a limited number of mineral phases that were readily explained by the local geologic setting. Taken together, the geochemical and mineralogical measurements generated distinct signatures of dust emissions across NWERN sites. If expanded to include a broader range of sites across the western US, a library of geochemical and mineralogical data may serve as a basis to track and quantify dust contributions from these sources.

在干旱和半干旱地区，尘埃事件有多种来源，因此很难量化来源的贡献。如果尘埃的地球化学/矿物成分来源足够明确，则可用于量化不同来源的贡献。为了测试使用地球化学和矿物学测量来区分沙尘排放源的可行性，我们使用了 2018 年至 2020 年期间从 10 个国家风蚀研究网络（NWERN）站点收集的沙尘样本，这些站点是美国西部沙尘源的代表。在许多站点，尘埃成分随季节而变化，但站点内的变化小于站点间的变化，这表明地球化学特征随时间变化是稳健的。由于粉尘地球化学特征存在重叠，因此无法使用常用的主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析将所有地点分开。不过，线性判别分析（LDA）成功地根据地球化学特征将所有地点区分开来，这表明线性判别分析可用于区分无法用 PCA 或其他方法区分的尘源。此外，基于矿物学数据的 LDA 只使用了有限的几种矿物相来分离大多数地点，而这些矿物相很容易用当地的地质环境来解释。综合来看，地球化学和矿物学测量得出了西北地区各站点灰尘排放的不同特征。如果将范围扩大到美国西部更广泛的地点，那么地球化学和矿物学数据库就可以作为跟踪和量化这些来源的粉尘贡献的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Automatic identification of saltating tracks driven by strong wind in high-speed video using multiple statistical quantities of instant particle velocity 利用粒子瞬时速度的多个统计量自动识别高速视频中由强风驱动的盐渍化轨迹

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Aeolian Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2024.100940

Hongji Zhou , Fanmin Mei , Chuan Lin , Mengjie Pu , Aiguo Xi , Jinguang Chen , Jin Su , Zhibao Dong

The evolution of saltating tracks driven by strong wind remains unknown due to the low accuracy or recall rates of saltating particle tracking algorithms (SPTs). Manual identification of saltating tracks becomes a primary bottleneck because of low efficiency, restricting the development of new SPTs with high accuracy. Herein, we proposed an optimized tree model for automatically identifying saltating tracks in the high-speed video under strong wind through establishing the dataset with multiple statistical quantities of instant saltating velocity (MSQV) and the workflow embracing the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE). The optimized Categorical Boosting model by the D3 dataset (CatBoost-D3) could be considered the best classifier among the tree models, owning the higher accuracy (0.9352), precision (0.9348), recall (0.9352), F1-score (0.9350) and area under an receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC, 0.9730), and lower time cost. The best performances were associated with the ensemble effect of critical and secondary features, distinct from the previous finding which revealed only the effect of critical features on enhancing AUC value. Additionally, one observed that the present model was comparable to other optimized tree model by the dataset with double-class and outperformed the other tree model by the dataset with multi-class. The present work offers a new avenue for identifying hop trajectories and tracking sand particle flow via machine learning in the future, and a new channel for reunderstanding the relationship between midair collision and saltation under strong wind through automatic identification of saltating tracks.

由于盐化粒子跟踪算法（SPT）的准确率或召回率较低，强风驱动的盐化轨迹的演变情况仍不为人所知。由于效率低，人工识别盐化轨迹成为一个主要瓶颈，限制了高精度新型 SPT 的发展。在此，我们通过建立具有多个瞬时盐化速度统计量（MSQV）的数据集和包含树状结构帕尔森估计器（TPE）的工作流程，提出了一种优化的树状模型，用于自动识别强风下高速视频中的盐化轨迹。根据 D3 数据集优化的分类提升模型（CatBoost-D3）被认为是树状模型中最好的分类器，它具有更高的准确度（0.9352）、精确度（0.9348）、召回率（0.9352）、F1 分数（0.9350）和接收器工作特性曲线下面积（AUC，0.9730），以及更低的时间成本。最佳性能与关键特征和次要特征的组合效应有关，这与之前的发现不同，之前的发现只显示了关键特征对提高 AUC 值的影响。此外，我们还观察到，在双类数据集上，本模型与其他优化树模型不相上下，而在多类数据集上，本模型的表现优于其他树模型。本研究为今后通过机器学习识别跳跃轨迹和跟踪沙粒流提供了新的途径，也为通过自动识别盐化轨迹重新理解强风下半空碰撞与盐化之间的关系提供了新的渠道。

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