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The Dawn till Dusk of phytopharmaceuticals 植物药的黎明到黄昏
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102185
Herbal products and their formulations have a large market at the global level. A significant portion of the worldwide population relies upon herbal treatment. Their apparent non-toxic and cost-effective nature appeals to the population and drives researchers to pursue them for drug development. However, due to the lack of scientific evidence, their conventional preparation, poor regulation and control make these an unseen threat to the people. There has been a long-standing argument that allopathic medicines are better than herbal medicines due to their specificity and precision. To compete with modern medicines, a concept of science-based phytopharmaceutical drugs was introduced through a draft amendment notified to the Drugs and Cosmetics 1940 and Rules 1945. The amendment has introduced a definition for botanicals and their scientific evaluation for quality safety and efficacy by the Central Drugs Standard and Control Organization (CDSCO) office as a marketing authorization requirement. The present article discusses the advantages and challenges faced in the development of phytopharmaceuticals, and how they differ from dietary supplements and herbal drugs. It also gives consolidated information on Phytopharmaceuticals and their regulatory and Pharmacopoeial status with an exemplary PPI monograph – Aegle marmelos. The plant selection was done based on extensive research using the PRISMA approach. A detailed view of the opportunities and challenges provided by phytopharmaceuticals is explained in the present review.
草药产品及其配方在全球拥有巨大的市场。全世界有相当一部分人口依赖草药治疗。草药明显的无毒性和成本效益吸引着人们,也促使研究人员将其用于药物开发。然而,由于缺乏科学依据、传统的制备方法、监管不力等原因,这些草药对人们构成了无形的威胁。长期以来,有一种说法认为,对抗疗法药物因其特异性和精确性而优于草药。为了与现代药物竞争,《1940 年药品和化妆品法》和《1945 年规则》的修正案草案引入了以科学为基础的植物药概念。该修正案引入了植物药的定义,并由中央药品标准和控制组织(CDSCO)办公室对其质量、安全性和有效性进行科学评估,以此作为上市许可要求。本文讨论了植物药开发的优势和面临的挑战,以及它们与膳食补充剂和草药的区别。文章还提供了有关植物药及其监管和药典地位的综合信息,并附有一份典型的 PPI 专论--Aegle marmelos。植物选择是在广泛研究的基础上采用 PRISMA 方法完成的。本综述详细介绍了植物药带来的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction notice to “Protective effect of Huangpu Tongqiao capsule against Alzheimer’s disease through inhibiting the apoptosis pathway mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro and in vivo” [Saudi Pharm. J. 30(11) (2022) 1561–1571] 黄埔通窍胶囊通过抑制体外和体内内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡途径对阿尔茨海默病的保护作用》的撤稿通知[《沙特药学杂志》. 30(11) (2022) 1561-1571]
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102183
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引用次数: 0
Competencies, skills, and personal characteristics needed for pharmacy leaders: An in-depth interview 药学领导者所需的能力、技能和个人特征:深度访谈
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102181

Objectives

This study aims to explore the essential competencies, leadership development strategies, skills, values, and personal characteristics required for pharmacists aspiring to leadership positions in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

Semi-structured, in-depth interviews, conducted either in person or via video, were selected to confidentially explore the leadership traits and strategies of pharmacists. The study included twelve pharmacists, consisting of 7 males and 5 females, with varying levels of experience: 3 aspiring leaders, 5 current leaders, and 4 retired leaders. A fourteen-question interview guide was developed to investigate the key elements necessary for effective pharmacy leadership development. The guide was pilot tested with two pharmacists, whose responses were excluded from the final sample and subsequent analysis.

Results

The study revealed significant disparities in the perceptions of leadership skills and personal characteristics among the different groups. The junior cohort, consisting of aspiring pharmacists, emphasized idealistic personal characteristics over practical skills. In contrast, current and retired leaders demonstrated a clear ability to differentiate between personal characteristics and essential skills. Furthermore, the study identified leadership development strategies grounded in the Saudi context, which were particularly resonant with both current and former leaders.

Conclusions

The study examined the essential competencies and leadership development strategies for pharmacists aspiring to leadership roles, revealing notable disparities between early-career individuals and current or former leaders. Future research should focus on bridging these differences in perception and skills through targeted knowledge interventions.
本研究旨在探讨沙特阿拉伯有志于担任领导职务的药剂师所需的基本能力、领导力发展策略、技能、价值观和个人特征。方法 本研究选择了半结构式深度访谈,通过面谈或视频的方式,以保密的方式探讨药剂师的领导特质和策略。研究对象包括 12 名药剂师,其中男性 7 名,女性 5 名,他们的工作经验各不相同:其中包括 3 名有抱负的领导者、5 名现任领导者和 4 名退休领导者。研究人员编写了一份包含 14 个问题的访谈指南,以调查有效发展药剂学领导力所需的关键要素。研究结果表明,不同群体对领导技能和个人特征的认识存在显著差异。由有抱负的药剂师组成的初级组强调理想主义的个人特征,而非实际技能。与此相反,现任和退休领导者在区分个人特点和基本技能方面表现出了明显的能力。此外,研究还发现了基于沙特国情的领导力发展战略,这些战略尤其能引起现任和前任领导者的共鸣。结论这项研究考察了有志于担任领导职务的药剂师的基本能力和领导力发展战略,揭示了早期职业药剂师与现任或前任领导者之间的显著差异。未来的研究应侧重于通过有针对性的知识干预来弥合这些观念和技能上的差异。
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引用次数: 0
SNP analysis of stress-related genes reveals significant correlations with drug addiction in Jordan 压力相关基因的 SNP 分析显示与约旦人吸毒成瘾有显著相关性
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102171

Objective

Drug addiction is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors, including environmental and genetic factors. Stress-related genes such as Galanin (GAL) and Oxytocin (OXT) have been linked to the reward pathways that contribute to the development and progression of substance addiction. This study aimed to explore the correlation between several polymorphisms of stress-related genes and drug addiction among Jordanian males.

Methods

The study included 500 participants, consisting of both healthy controls and drug-addicted Jordanian males. The genetic material and clinical data were collected, and 18 SNPs in four candidate genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 and the SNPStats website.

Results

The study identified a significant correlation between three SNPs of the GAL gene and drug addiction, specifically rs3136544, rs3136541, and rs694066. The study also found that different genotypes of these variants were significantly associated with drug addiction. Furthermore, different haplotypes of the GAL, GALR1, and OXTR polymorphisms were also significantly correlated with drug addiction. The study also identified a correlation between several drug addiction features and the studied variants, including the association of rs2717162 of Galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) with age at use onset and the association of rs3136541 of GAL with the type of substance and number of substances used.

Conclusion

Stress-related genes can play a significant role in the development and progression of addiction among the Jordanian population, and further investigations are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms better and improve future treatment strategies.

目标药物成瘾是一种复杂的疾病,由多种因素引起,包括环境和遗传因素。压力相关基因(如加拉宁(GAL)和催产素(OXT))与奖赏通路有关,而奖赏通路有助于药物成瘾的发生和发展。本研究旨在探讨压力相关基因的几种多态性与约旦男性吸毒成瘾之间的相关性。收集了遗传物质和临床数据,并使用 Sequenom MassARRAY® 系统对四个候选基因中的 18 个 SNPs 进行了基因分型。研究发现,GAL 基因的三个 SNPs(rs3136544、rs3136541 和 rs694066)与吸毒成瘾之间存在显著相关性。研究还发现,这些变异的不同基因型与吸毒成瘾有显著相关性。此外,GAL、GALR1 和 OXTR 多态性的不同单倍型也与吸毒成瘾有显著相关性。研究还发现了一些药物成瘾特征与所研究变异之间的相关性,包括 Galanin 受体 1 (GALR1) 的 rs2717162 与开始吸毒年龄的相关性,以及 GAL 的 rs3136541 与使用药物的类型和数量的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Untargeted metabolomics reveals the impact of Liraglutide treatment on metabolome profiling and metabolic pathways in type-2 diabetes mellitus 非靶向代谢组学揭示利拉鲁肽治疗对2型糖尿病代谢组图谱和代谢通路的影响
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102172

Liraglutide, a type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related treatment, improves glycemic control and reduces the risks of adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of the above-mentioned beneficial effects of Liraglutide are not well understood. To have better understanding of these mechanisms, we aimed to study the metabolic impacts of Liraglutide on the metabolome and corresponding pathways in T2DM patients, especially metabolism plays a very fundamental role in health and diseases and is influenced by drugs. In this study, plasma samples collected from T2DM patients (n = 20) and taken pre- and post-Liraglutide treatment were used for untargeted metabolomics analyses, including metabolome profiling and metabolic pathway/network analyses. The metabolome profiling analyses identified 93 endogenous metabolites that were significantly affected by Liraglutide treatment where 49 and 44 metabolites were up and down regulated, respectively. Liraglutide caused metabolic alterations impacting metabolic pathways such as pentose and glucuronate interconversion and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism in T2DM patients. Since the last-mentioned pathways are affected by Liraglutide, it could explain partially the overall beneficial effects of Liraglutide in T2DM, especially that glucuronate interconversion pathway is known by its important roles in eliminating toxic and undesirable substances from the human body to maintain good health status. In addition, the metabolism of amino acids induced by Liraglutide could improve the function of immune cells, strengthening the immunity of T2DM patients. Also, Liraglutide induced the level of other metabolites that help in the defense mechanism against oxidative events. Overall, the findings of this study provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of Liraglutide in T2DM from the metabolic aspect.

利拉鲁肽是一种与2型糖尿病(T2DM)相关的治疗药物,可改善T2DM患者的血糖控制并降低不良心血管事件的风险。然而,人们对利拉鲁肽产生上述益处的内在机制还不甚了解。为了更好地了解这些机制,我们旨在研究利拉鲁肽对 T2DM 患者代谢组和相应途径的影响,尤其是代谢在健康和疾病中起着非常重要的作用,并受到药物的影响。本研究收集了 T2DM 患者(n = 20)在利拉鲁肽治疗前后的血浆样本,用于非靶向代谢组学分析,包括代谢组图谱分析和代谢通路/网络分析。代谢组图谱分析发现,93种内源性代谢物受到利拉鲁肽治疗的显著影响,其中上调和下调的代谢物分别为49种和44种。利拉鲁肽引起的代谢改变影响了 T2DM 患者的代谢途径,如戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化以及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的代谢。由于利拉鲁肽影响了上述代谢途径,因此可以部分解释利拉鲁肽对 T2DM 患者的整体益处,特别是葡萄糖醛酸相互转化途径在清除人体内有毒和不良物质以保持良好健康状况方面的重要作用。此外,利拉鲁肽诱导的氨基酸代谢可以改善免疫细胞的功能,增强 T2DM 患者的免疫力。此外,利拉鲁肽还能诱导其他代谢物的水平,这些代谢物有助于防御氧化事件的发生。总之,这项研究的结果让人们从代谢方面更深入地了解了利拉鲁肽对 T2DM 有益作用的内在机制。
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引用次数: 0
miRNA-driven sensitization of breast cancer cells to Doxorubicin treatment following exposure to low dose of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles miRNA 驱动的乳腺癌细胞暴露于低剂量纳米氧化锌后对多柔比星治疗的敏化作用
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102169

The impact of Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) (i.e., Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)) on human health has been investigated at high and unrealistic exposure levels, overlooking the potential indirect harm of subtoxic and long exposures. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of subtoxic concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) on breast cancer cells’ response to Doxorubicin. Zinc oxide nanoparticles caused a concentration-dependent reduction of cell viability in multiple breast cancer cell lines. A subtoxic concentration of 1.56 µg/mL (i.e., no observed adverse effect level) was used in subsequent mechanistic studies. Molecularly, miRNA profiling revealed significant downregulation of 13 oncogenic miRNAs (OncomiRs) in cells exposed to the sub-toxic dose of ZnO NPs followed by doxorubicin treatment. Our comprehensive bioinformatic analysis has identified 617 target genes enriched in ten pathways, mainly regulating gene expression and transcription, cell cycle, and apoptotic cell death. Several tumor suppressor genes emerged as validated direct targets of the 13 OncomiRs, including TFDP2, YWHAG, SMAD2, SMAD4, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, BCL2L11, and TGIF2. This study insinuates the importance of miRNAs in regulating the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Our findings further indicate that being exposed to environmental ENMs, even at levels below toxicity, might still modulate cancer cells’ response to chemotherapy, which highlights the need to reestablish endpoints of ENM exposure and toxicity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutics.

工程纳米材料(ENMs)(即纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs))对人体健康的影响一直是在高水平和不切实际的暴露条件下进行研究的,而忽视了亚毒性和长时间暴露的潜在间接危害。因此,本研究旨在调查亚毒性浓度的氧化锌(ZnO NPs)对乳腺癌细胞对多柔比星反应的影响。氧化锌纳米粒子会导致多种乳腺癌细胞系的细胞存活率随浓度而降低。随后的机理研究采用了 1.56 µg/mL(即未观察到不良反应水平)的亚毒性浓度。分子方面,miRNA 图谱显示,在暴露于亚毒性剂量 ZnO NPs 后再接受多柔比星治疗的细胞中,13 种致癌 miRNA(OncomiRs)明显下调。我们的综合生物信息学分析确定了 617 个靶基因,这些基因富集在十条通路中,主要调控基因表达和转录、细胞周期和细胞凋亡。一些肿瘤抑制基因成为13个OncomiRs的有效直接靶标,包括TFDP2、YWHAG、SMAD2、SMAD4、CDKN1A、CDKN1B、BCL2L11和TGIF2。这项研究揭示了 miRNA 在调节癌细胞对化疗反应性方面的重要性。我们的研究结果进一步表明,暴露于环境 ENMs 中,即使毒性水平较低,仍有可能调节癌细胞对化疗的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in ambulatory care pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia: A comprehensive review of innovations and best practices at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare 沙特阿拉伯日间护理药房实践的进步:约翰霍普金斯阿美医疗保健公司创新和最佳实践的全面回顾
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102170

Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH) is a leading healthcare organization dedicated to revolutionizing healthcare practices in Saudi Arabia. This review article features the significant strides made by the JHAH ambulatory care pharmacy to symbolize Saudi Arabia’s ambitious vision of healthcare transformation. This evolving journey includes details of JHAH’s adoption of modern automation tools, several technological advancements, and establishing a pharmacist role far beyond dispensing medications. Moreover, it underscores the cultivation of patient-centered care initiatives like tele-pharmacy services through pharmacy call center, systematic patient satisfaction surveys, streamlined medication home delivery services, state-of-the-art medication drive-thru pick-up facility, the efficacious Q-Matic patient queue management architecture, and the establishment of discreet individual dispensing cubicles. Key focal points encompass technological enhancements, such as the incorporation of electronic health record Epic, cutting-edge pharmacy automation systems, and the patient-centric online portal MyChart®. The article also summarizes the multifaceted ambulatory care enhancements among clinical pharmacy services offered at JHAH. This includes a pharmacist-led medication management clinic, specialized anticoagulation clinic, psychiatric and hepatitis medication management, renal dose optimization, precision-driven thyroid and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients’ treatment optimization, and clinical decision support system-backed clinical interventions. All these substantial enhancements at JHAH’s ambulatory pharmacy have been made to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services. Besides automation and technological advancements, these also include the establishment of pharmacy competency and continuous education programs, the development of an internal pharmacy webpage on the JHAH website, the implementation of a mechanism for formulary management by the pharmacy and therapeutic committee, and very importantly the adoption of electronic incidence reporting system Datix. The review highlights JHAH’s commitment to bringing ambulatory care pharmacy practice to new heights, thereby establishing a benchmark for patient-centric care and innovative excellence within the Saudi Arabian healthcare landscape.

约翰霍普金斯阿美医疗保健公司(JHAH)是一家领先的医疗保健机构,致力于革新沙特阿拉伯的医疗保健实践。这篇评论文章介绍了 JHAH 非住院护理药房取得的重大进展,象征着沙特阿拉伯医疗保健转型的宏伟愿景。这一不断发展的历程包括 JHAH 采用现代自动化工具、多项技术进步以及确立药剂师角色远不止于配药的细节。此外,它还强调了以患者为中心的护理措施,如通过药房呼叫中心提供远程药学服务、系统的患者满意度调查、简化的送药上门服务、最先进的药品自取设施、高效的 Q-Matic 患者队列管理架构,以及建立独立的配药间。文章的重点还包括技术改进,如电子健康记录 Epic、尖端的药房自动化系统和以患者为中心的在线门户 MyChart®。文章还总结了 JHAH 提供的临床药学服务中多方面的非住院护理改进。其中包括药剂师主导的药物管理门诊、抗凝专科门诊、精神科和肝炎药物管理、肾脏剂量优化、甲状腺和良性前列腺增生患者的精准治疗优化,以及临床决策支持系统支持的临床干预。JHAH 门诊药房的所有这些实质性改进都是为了提高药剂服务质量。除了自动化和技术进步外,这些措施还包括建立药房能力和继续教育计划、在 JHAH 网站上开发内部药房网页、由药房和治疗委员会实施处方管理机制,以及非常重要的采用电子病例报告系统 Datix。此次审查突出表明了 JHAH 致力于将非住院护理药学实践推向新的高度,从而在沙特阿拉伯医疗保健领域树立起以患者为中心的护理和创新卓越的标杆。
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引用次数: 0
The association between uncontrolled hyperglycemia (Type-2 Diabetes) and cardiovascular sequelae in patients with and without insulin 有胰岛素和无胰岛素患者中未受控制的高血糖(2 型糖尿病)与心血管后遗症之间的关系
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102168

Introduction

Despite the availability of new cardio-protective oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin is often recommended as an add-on therapy for type-2 diabetes with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) ≥ 9. Introducing insulin as a choice for patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HbA1C≥9) has been questionably associated with cardiovascular sequelae. This study aims to examine the association between insulin use and cardiovascular effects in type-2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia.

Methodology

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to identify cardiovascular complications between the two groups (patients with HbA1C≥9% on insulin versus those with HbA1C≥9% without insulin) at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC). Patients with type-2 diabetes whose HbA1C was ≥ 9 during the period from 2015 to 2018 and who were followed up within the hospital for at least 5 years until the end of 2022 were included in the study.

Results

A total of 366 patients were included in the study; 286 patients were on insulin, while 80 patients were not. The median baseline HbA1C levels were comparable between the two groups (10.2 versus 9.8). After 5 years of follow-up, there was no significant difference between the groups (29.4 % of insulin users versus 18.8 % of non-insulin users; p = 0.065). However, the incidence of other diabetes complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, was significantly higher among patients who were on insulin compared to those not on insulin (50.7 % versus 27.5 %; p = 0.005). Additionally, the average of the last three HbA1C readings and the overall average HbA1C readings were significantly higher among patients who were on insulin (9.67 % versus 9.07 %; p = 0.001) compared to those not on insulin (9.64 % versus 9.11 %; p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Our study did not find a significant association between the use of insulin and cardiovascular complications. The association between insulin therapy and the development of other diabetes complications warrants further investigation.

导言尽管有了新的保护心脏的口服降糖药,胰岛素仍经常被推荐作为血红蛋白 A1C(HbA1C)≥ 9 的 2 型糖尿病的附加疗法。将胰岛素作为不受控制的高血糖(HbA1C≥9)患者的一种选择与心血管后遗症的关系一直备受质疑。本研究旨在探讨未控制高血糖的 2 型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素与心血管影响之间的关联。方法 在沙特国王大学医疗城(KSUMC)开展了一项回顾性观察队列研究,以确定两组患者(使用胰岛素的 HbA1C≥9% 患者与未使用胰岛素的 HbA1C≥9% 患者)之间的心血管并发症。研究纳入了2015年至2018年期间HbA1C≥9的2型糖尿病患者,这些患者在医院接受了至少5年的随访,直至2022年底。结果研究共纳入366名患者,其中286名患者使用胰岛素,80名患者未使用胰岛素。两组患者的中位 HbA1C 基线水平相当(10.2 对 9.8)。随访 5 年后,两组之间没有明显差异(使用胰岛素的患者为 29.4%,未使用胰岛素的患者为 18.8%;P = 0.065)。但是,与未使用胰岛素的患者相比,使用胰岛素的患者发生视网膜病变、肾病和神经病变等其他糖尿病并发症的比例明显更高(50.7% 对 27.5%;P = 0.005)。此外,与未使用胰岛素的患者(9.64 % 对 9.11 %;p = 0.005)相比,使用胰岛素的患者最近三次 HbA1C 读数的平均值和总体 HbA1C 读数的平均值明显更高(9.67 % 对 9.07 %;p = 0.001)。胰岛素治疗与其他糖尿病并发症之间的关系值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical, biological, and nutritional properties of the prickly pear, Opuntia dillenii: A review 刺梨的植物化学、生物和营养特性:综述
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102167

Opuntia (Cactaceae) species are native to arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico and the southern United States and grow in various climatic zones. Opuntia dillenii is a cactus fruit with many beneficial properties, and it is used as a medicinal plant in various countries. This review paper provides updated information on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of O. dillenii. The fruit contains valuable compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, ascorbic acid, betanin, and essential elements, which have been isolated and identified. The fruit also exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypotensive, anti-diabetic, antifungal, and anticancer effects. Moreover, molecular docking and ADMET predictions were performed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the fruit against Escherichia coli protein. This paper suggests that O. dillenii has significant potential as a complementary therapy for various pathological conditions.

Opuntia(仙人掌科)物种原产于墨西哥和美国南部的干旱和半干旱地区,生长在不同的气候带。Opuntia dillenii 是一种具有多种有益特性的仙人掌果,在多个国家被用作药用植物。这篇综述论文提供了有关 O. dillenii 植物化学和药理学方面的最新信息。果实中含有珍贵的化合物,如黄酮类、酚类、抗坏血酸、白桦脂素和必需元素,这些化合物已被分离和鉴定。该果实还具有多种药理活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、神经保护、保肝、降血压、抗糖尿病、抗真菌和抗癌作用。此外,还进行了分子对接和 ADMET 预测,以评估该果实对大肠杆菌蛋白的抗菌潜力。本文表明,O. dillenii 作为各种病症的辅助疗法具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and patterns of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia: A self-reported cross-sectional national study 沙特阿拉伯成年人使用与睡眠有关的褪黑激素的普遍程度和模式:一项自我报告的全国性横断面研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102166

Purpose

Despite the surge of melatonin supplement consumption in recent years, data on the prevalence and patterns of melatonin usage in Saudi Arabia is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey study conducted across all regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited from the general population (≥18 years). The survey was distributed between February and April 2023. Chi-squared tests and t-tests were performed for comparative bivariate analyses where binary logistic regression was performed to derive the main predictors of melatonin consumption.

Results

Out of 5,606 participants, 536 (10 %) were consumers of melatonin. Older age (Adjusted OR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.01–1.02, p = 0.002), being a male (Adjusted OR = 1.76, 95 % CI = 1.46–2.14, p = 0.001), individuals with a doctorate degree or an equivalent (adjusted OR 2.37 95 % CI = 1.35–4.17, p = 0.003), perceived poor sleep quality (Adjusted OR = 1.52, 95 % CI = 1.10–2.11, p = 0.01), and being diagnosed with a sleep disorder (Adjusted OR = 2.55, 95 % CI = 2.04–3.18, p = 0.001) were all associated with increased likelihood of sleep-related melatonin usage. 35 % of consumers self-reported taking ≥1 tablet per day, while 26 % of them were uncertain about the dosage they consume.

Conclusion

With a notable prevalence of 10% among the general population in Saudi Arabia, melatonin usage was more common in older adults, males, and those with higher education.

目的尽管近年来褪黑激素补充剂的消费量激增,但沙特阿拉伯仍缺乏有关褪黑激素使用率和模式的数据。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯成年人使用与睡眠相关的褪黑激素的普遍程度和模式。方法这是一项横断面、基于网络的自填式调查研究,在沙特阿拉伯所有地区进行。参与者来自普通人群(≥18 岁)。调查于 2023 年 2 月至 4 月间进行。对二元比较分析进行了卡方检验和 t 检验,并通过二元逻辑回归得出了褪黑素消费的主要预测因素。结果 在 5606 名参与者中,有 536 人(10%)是褪黑素消费者。003)、认为睡眠质量差(调整 OR = 1.52,95 % CI = 1.10-2.11,p = 0.01)和被诊断患有睡眠障碍(调整 OR = 2.55,95 % CI = 2.04-3.18,p = 0.001)都与使用睡眠相关褪黑素的可能性增加有关。35%的消费者自称每天服用≥1片,26%的消费者不确定服用剂量。
{"title":"Prevalence and patterns of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia: A self-reported cross-sectional national study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Despite the surge of melatonin supplement consumption in recent years, data on the prevalence and patterns of melatonin usage in Saudi Arabia is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey study conducted across all regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited from the general population (≥18 years). The survey was distributed between February and April 2023. Chi-squared tests and t-tests were performed for comparative bivariate analyses where binary logistic regression was performed to derive the main predictors of melatonin consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 5,606 participants, 536 (10 %) were consumers of melatonin. Older age (Adjusted OR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.01–1.02, p = 0.002), being a male (Adjusted OR = 1.76, 95 % CI = 1.46–2.14, p = 0.001), individuals with a doctorate degree or an equivalent (adjusted OR 2.37 95 % CI = 1.35–4.17, p = 0.003), perceived poor sleep quality (Adjusted OR = 1.52, 95 % CI = 1.10–2.11, p = 0.01), and being diagnosed with a sleep disorder (Adjusted OR = 2.55, 95 % CI = 2.04–3.18, p = 0.001) were all associated with increased likelihood of sleep-related melatonin usage. 35 % of consumers self-reported taking ≥1 tablet per day, while 26 % of them were uncertain about the dosage they consume.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With a notable prevalence of 10% among the general population in Saudi Arabia, melatonin usage was more common in older adults, males, and those with higher education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016424002160/pdfft?md5=41c52ad2f80d9a27ea578fc417e10491&pid=1-s2.0-S1319016424002160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
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