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Enhanced anti-tumor therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma via sorafenib and KIAA1199-siRNA co-delivery liposomes 通过索拉非尼和 KIAA1199-siRNA 协同递送脂质体加强肝细胞癌的抗肿瘤治疗
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102153
Yao Yao , Qian Zhao , Feng Xu , Tingting Yao

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Sorafenib (Sf) is currently the first-line treatment for HCC. However, due to the side effects and unsatisfied efficiency of Sf, it is urgent to combine different therapeutic agents to inhibit HCC progression and increase the therapeutic efficacy. Here, our study constructed a Sf and KIAA1199-siRNA co-loaded liposome Sf-Lp-KIAA, which was prepared by electrostatic interaction of KIAA1199-siRNA and Sf loaded liposome (Sf-Lp). The particle size, zeta potential, the in vitro cumulative release was investigated. The physical and chemical properties were characterized, and the inhibition of HepG2 growth and metastasis in vitro was investigated. The cellular uptake of the co-loaded liposome was significantly higher than that of free siRNA, and the drug/siRNA could be co-delivered to the target cells. Sf-Lp-KIAA could significantly inhibit the growth, migration, invasion and down-regulate KIAA1199 expression of HepG2 cells in vitro than that of single Sf treated group. In addition, the co-delivery liposome accumulated in the HepG2 subcutaneous tumor model and suppress tumor growth after systemic administration without induce obvious toxicity. The present study implied that the co-delivery of Sf and KIAA1199-siRNA through the co-loaded liposomes exerted synergistic antitumor effects on HCC, which would lay a foundation for HCC therapy in the future.

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。索拉非尼(Sorafenib,Sf)是目前治疗 HCC 的一线药物。然而,由于索拉非尼的副作用和疗效不尽如人意,因此迫切需要联合不同的治疗药物来抑制HCC的进展并提高疗效。本研究构建了一种Sf和KIAA1199-siRNA共载脂质体Sf-Lp-KIAA,该脂质体是由KIAA1199-siRNA和Sf负载脂质体(Sf-Lp)通过静电作用制备而成。对其粒径、ZETA电位和体外累积释放进行了研究。对其物理和化学特性进行了表征,并研究了其对 HepG2 体外生长和转移的抑制作用。共负载脂质体的细胞摄取率明显高于游离的 siRNA,药物/siRNA 可共同递送至靶细胞。与单一 Sf 处理组相比,Sf-Lp-KIAA 在体外可明显抑制 HepG2 细胞的生长、迁移、侵袭并下调 KIAA1199 的表达。此外,联合给药脂质体在HepG2皮下肿瘤模型中蓄积,全身给药后可抑制肿瘤生长,且无明显毒性。本研究表明,通过共载脂质体将Sf和KIAA1199-siRNA联合递送对HCC具有协同抗肿瘤作用,这将为今后治疗HCC奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Closing the loop: Strengthening course quality of Pharm.D. program via applying a comprehensive four-step review approach 闭环:通过应用全面的四步审查法加强药学博士课程的质量
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102151
Lobna Aljuffali , Amjad Faihan BinLebdah , Rihaf Alfaraj , Dalal Alkhelb , Jawza F. Alsabhan , Ahmed Z. Alanazi , Khalid Alhazzani

This study explores the course review process implemented by the College of Pharmacy at King Saud University for its Pharm.D. program. Through a qualitative research design, a dedicated course review committee was established to oversee the evaluation process. The committee gathered and analyzed data from various sources, including course reports, student evaluations, and exam center reports, to achieve a holistic understanding of each course’s effectiveness. The evaluation process was structured into a Four-Step Course Evaluation Approach: data collection, data review and recommendations, taking appropriate action, and communicating the outcomes. The “closing the loop” stage ensured that recommendations were effectively implemented, and course evaluation data were systematically archived for future reference. The results of this study, based on the evaluation of 25 courses, revealed significant improvements in course quality, alignment with program learning outcomes, and adherence to accreditation standards. Key findings included the identification of gaps and discrepancies, leading to targeted interventions and enhanced course content. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of a structured course review process in enhancing the quality of education and ensuring continuous improvement within the college. The committee focuses on refining evaluation criteria, conducting workshops, and providing training to stay current with emerging accreditation standards and best practices. This systematic course review process demonstrates the College’s commitment to providing high-quality education and preparing students for successful careers in pharmacy, with significant implications for the improvement of pharmacy education and the overall student learning experience.

本研究探讨了沙特国王大学药学院为其药学博士课程实施的课程审查程序。通过定性研究设计,成立了一个专门的课程审查委员会来监督评估过程。委员会收集并分析了来自课程报告、学生评价和考试中心报告等不同来源的数据,以全面了解每门课程的有效性。评估过程分为 "课程评估四步法":数据收集、数据审查和建议、采取适当行动和通报评估结果。闭环 "阶段确保各项建议得到有效实施,课程评估数据得到系统存档,以备将来参考。这项研究以 25 门课程的评估为基础,其结果显示,课程质量、与课程学习成果的一致性以及对认证标准的遵守情况都有了显著改善。主要发现包括找出差距和差异,从而采取有针对性的干预措施和改进课程内容。总之,这项研究强调了结构化课程审查过程在提高教育质量和确保学院持续改进方面的有效性。委员会的工作重点是完善评估标准、举办研讨会和提供培训,以跟上新出现的评审标准和最佳实践。这一系统化的课程评审流程表明,学院致力于提供高质量的教育,为学生在药剂学领域成功就业做好准备,这对改善药剂学教育和学生的整体学习体验具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Ceftriaxone and MC-100093 mitigate fentanyl-induced cardiac injury in mice: Preclinical investigation of its underlying molecular mechanisms 头孢曲松和 MC-100093 可减轻芬太尼诱导的小鼠心脏损伤:对其潜在分子机制的临床前研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102148
Abdullah F. AlAsmari , Mohammed M. Alshehri , Nemat Ali , Fawaz AlAsmari , Youssef Sari , Wayne E. Childers , Magid Abou-Gharbia , Metab Alharbi , Doaa M. Elnagar , Wejdan S. AL-Qahtani

Drug addiction is considered a worldwide concern and one of the most prevailing causes of death globally. Opioids are highly addictive drugs, and one of the most common opioids that is frequently used clinically is fentanyl. The potential harmful effects of chronic exposure to opioids on the heart are still to be elucidated. Although β-lactam antibiotics are well recognized for their ability to fight bacteria, its protective effect in the brain and liver has been reported. In this study, we hypothesize that β-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, and the novel synthetic non-antibiotic β-lactam, MC-100093, are cardioprotective against fentanyl induced-cardiac injury by upregulating xCT expression. Mice were exposed to repeated low dose (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) of fentanyl for one week and then challenged on day 9 with higher dose of fentanyl (1 mg/kg, i.p.). This study investigated cardiac histopathology and target genes and proteins in serum and cardiac tissues in mice exposed to fentanyl overdose and β-lactams. We revealed that fentanyl treatment induced cardiac damage as evidenced by elevated cardiac enzymes (troponin I). Furthermore, fentanyl treatment caused large aggregations of inflammatory cells and elevation in the areas and volumes of myocardial fibers, indicating hypertrophy and severe cardiac damage. Ceftriaxone and MC-100093 treatment, However, induced cardioprotective effects as evidenced by marked reduction in cardiac enzymes (troponin I) and changes in histopathology. Furthermore, ceftriaxone and MC-100093 treatment decreased the levels of hypertrophic genes (α-MHC & β-MHC), apoptotic (caspase-3), and inflammatory markers (IL-6 & NF-κB). This study reports for the first time the cardioprotective effect of β-lactams against fentanyl-induced cardiac injury. Further studies are greatly encouraged to completely identify the cardioprotective properties of ceftriaxone and MC-100093.

吸毒成瘾被认为是一个全球关注的问题,也是全球最普遍的死亡原因之一。阿片类药物是高度成瘾的药物,临床上经常使用的最常见的阿片类药物之一是芬太尼。长期暴露于阿片类药物对心脏的潜在有害影响仍有待阐明。虽然β-内酰胺类抗生素的抗菌能力已得到公认,但其对大脑和肝脏的保护作用也有报道。在本研究中,我们假设β-内酰胺类抗生素头孢曲松和新型合成非抗生素β-内酰胺类药物MC-100093通过上调xCT的表达对芬太尼诱导的心脏损伤具有保护作用。小鼠连续一周反复暴露于低剂量(0.05 毫克/千克,静脉注射)的芬太尼,然后在第 9 天接受高剂量芬太尼(1 毫克/千克,静脉注射)的挑战。本研究调查了接触过量芬太尼和β-内酰胺的小鼠的心脏组织病理学以及血清和心脏组织中的靶基因和蛋白质。我们发现,芬太尼治疗会诱发心脏损伤,表现为心肌酶(肌钙蛋白 I)升高。此外,芬太尼治疗导致炎症细胞大量聚集,心肌纤维的面积和体积增大,表明心肌肥厚和严重的心脏损伤。然而,头孢曲松和 MC-100093 可诱导心脏保护作用,这体现在心肌酶(肌钙蛋白 I)的明显降低和组织病理学的变化。此外,头孢曲松和 MC-100093 还能降低肥大基因(α-MHC 和 amp; β-MHC)、细胞凋亡(caspase-3)和炎症标志物(IL-6 和 amp; NF-κB)的水平。本研究首次报道了β-内酰胺对芬太尼诱导的心脏损伤的保护作用。我们鼓励开展进一步研究,以全面确定头孢曲松和 MC-100093 的心脏保护特性。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacists’s knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmaceutical and patient-centred care in asthma management: A national study 药剂师在哮喘治疗中对药物和以患者为中心的护理的认识、态度和实践:一项全国性研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102140
Dilan Çakmak , Muhammed Yunus Bektay , Anmar Al‑Taie , Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo , Fikret Vehbi Izzettin

Background

Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is effectively managed with medications, yet many patients struggle due to irregular treatment and poor adherence. Pharmacists play a crucial role in improving asthma care through pharmaceutical care (PC) services. This study aims to assess pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding asthma PC in Türkiye.

Methods

This cross-sectional study in Türkiye evaluated community (CP) and hospital pharmacists’ (HP) knowledge level, attitudes, and behaviors regarding asthma care. A validated Asthma Pharmaceutical Care Knowledge (APCL) and Asthma Attitudes and Behaviors (AAB) questionnaires were used to assess their knowledge levels and attitudes toward asthma pharmaceutical care.

Results

Out of 400 pharmacists participated the questionnaire, the majority were CP (297, 74.25 %). Both CP and HP demonstrated adequate knowledge scores, 79.39 ± 12.32 and 80.66 ± 12.25, respectively. APCL mean scores of CP and HP were 4.22 ± 0.523 and 4.29 ± 0.383. No statistically significant difference in asthma knowledge levels was observed between CP and HP. Both groups reported positive attitudes and behaviors toward asthma care, with CP scoring 4.71 ± 0.446 and HP scoring 4.74 ± 0.330 on the AAB questionnaire.

Conclusions

This study revealed that both CP and HP have sufficient knowledge about asthma and they have positive attitudes towards providing asthma PC. Pharmacists have crucial role in asthma care with leveraging their expertise, patient interactions, and ability to referral capabilities.

背景哮喘是一种慢性呼吸道疾病,可通过药物有效控制,但许多患者由于治疗不规范和依从性差而陷入困境。药剂师在通过药物护理(PC)服务改善哮喘护理方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在评估土耳其药剂师在哮喘药物护理方面的知识、态度和行为。方法这项在土耳其进行的横断面研究评估了社区药剂师(CP)和医院药剂师(HP)在哮喘药物护理方面的知识水平、态度和行为。采用经过验证的哮喘药物护理知识(APCL)和哮喘态度与行为(AAB)问卷来评估他们对哮喘药物护理的知识水平和态度。结果 在参与问卷调查的 400 名药剂师中,大多数是社区药剂师(297 人,占 74.25%)。CP 和 HP 的知识得分都很高,分别为 79.39 ± 12.32 和 80.66 ± 12.25。CP 和 HP 的 APCL 平均得分分别为 4.22 ± 0.523 和 4.29 ± 0.383。CP和HP在哮喘知识水平上没有明显的统计学差异。CP 和 HP 在 AAB 问卷上的得分分别为 4.71 ± 0.446 和 4.74 ± 0.330。药剂师在哮喘护理中发挥着至关重要的作用,他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识、与患者的互动以及转诊能力。
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引用次数: 0
High throughput virtual screening and validation of Plant-Based EGFR L858R kinase inhibitors against Non-Small cell lung Cancer: An integrated approach Utilizing GC–MS, network Pharmacology, Docking, and molecular dynamics 高通量虚拟筛选和验证针对非小细胞肺癌的植物表皮生长因子受体 L858R 激酶抑制剂:利用 GC-MS、网络药理学、对接和分子动力学的综合方法
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102139
Kun Gao , Zujian Chen , Na Zhang , Pu Jiang

Lung cancer ranks as the 2nd most common cancer globally. It’s the most prevalent cancer in men and the 2nd most common in women. The prominent events in EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) include the emergence of the L858R mutation within EGFR exon 21. Despite the promising efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in managing lung cancer, the development of acquired resistance poses a significant hurdle. In the current investigation, we focused on the screening of two phytochemicals, namely Dehydrocostus lactone and Mokkolactone, derived from the Saussurea lappa plant, as potential inhibitors targeting EGFR L858R mutant lung cancer. The chloroform and ethanol extract of the plant demonstrated anti-proliferative activity through the Resazurin chemosensitivity assay, exhibiting an IC50 value of 37.90 ± 0.29 µg/ml with selectivity index 2.4. Through a GC–MS study, we identified 11 phytochemicals for further insilico analysis. These compounds underwent ADMET assessment followed by drug likeliness analysis before being subjected to molecular docking against EGFR L858R, identified through protein–protein interaction network analysis. All phytochemicals exhibited binding energy scores ranging from −6.9 to −8.1 kcal/mol. Dehydrocostus lactone and Mokkolactone were specifically identified for their binding profile. Findings from 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated their enhanced stability compared to the reference ligand DJK. This was evident in the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, ranging from 0.23 ± 0.01 nm to 0.30 ± 0.05 nm, the radius of gyration values, from 1.71 ± 0.01 nm to 1.72 ± 0.01 nm, and the solvent accessible surface area values, from 155.39 ± 2.40 nm2 to 159.32 ± 2.14 nm2. Additionally, favourable characteristics were observed in terms of hydrogen bonding, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape analysis. Examination of their electronic structure via density functional theory revealed efficient properties, with the highest occupied molecular orbital-least unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap values ranging from −3.984 eV to −6.547 eV. Further, in vivo analysis is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding and efficacy of these identified phytochemicals against lung cancer.

肺癌是全球第二大常见癌症。它是男性发病率最高的癌症,也是女性发病率第二高的癌症。表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的突出事件包括表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)外显子 21 中 L858R 突变的出现。尽管表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂在治疗肺癌方面疗效显著,但获得性耐药性的产生仍是一个重大障碍。在目前的研究中,我们重点筛选了两种植物化学物质,即从红豆杉植物中提取的去氢木香内酯和木香内酯,作为针对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)L858R突变肺癌的潜在抑制剂。该植物的氯仿和乙醇提取物通过利血平化学敏感性试验显示了抗增殖活性,其 IC50 值为 37.90 ± 0.29 µg/ml,选择性指数为 2.4。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)研究,我们确定了 11 种植物化学物质,并对其进行了进一步的内部分析。这些化合物在与表皮生长因子受体 L858R 进行分子对接之前进行了 ADMET 评估和药物相似性分析,后者是通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析确定的。所有植物化学物质的结合能得分范围为 -6.9 至 -8.1 kcal/mol。去氢木香内酯和木香内酯因其结合特征而被特别识别。100 ns 分子动力学模拟结果表明,与参考配体 DJK 相比,它们的稳定性更强。这表现在均方根偏差(RMSD)值从 0.23 ± 0.01 nm 到 0.30 ± 0.05 nm,回转半径值从 1.71 ± 0.01 nm 到 1.72 ± 0.01 nm,溶剂可接触表面积值从 155.39 ± 2.40 nm2 到 159.32 ± 2.14 nm2。此外,在氢键、主成分分析和自由能景观分析方面也观察到了有利的特征。通过密度泛函理论对其电子结构进行的研究显示了其高效特性,最高占用分子轨道-最低未占用分子轨道能隙值范围为 -3.984 eV 至 -6.547 eV。为了更全面地了解这些已发现的植物化学物质对肺癌的疗效,还需要进一步进行体内分析。
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引用次数: 0
The potential effect of α7 nicotinic receptors modulation on palatable food-induced dependence-like behaviors 调节α7烟碱受体对美味食物诱发的类似依赖行为的潜在影响
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102138
Alaa A. Alameen , Shakir D. AlSharari , Musaad A. Alshammari , M.I. Damaj , Y. Sari

Background

The recent global increase in obesity rates, coupled with excessive palatable food (PF) consumption, has become a serious societal concern. Literature indicates that rewarding PF, especially upon cessation, can lead to overeating, binge eating, and compulsive eating, potentially resulting in obesity. Challenges in dietary paradigms, alongside limitations in approved treatments for eating disorders and anti-obesity medications, underscore the need to explore novel targets. In this context, α7nAChR (alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combating food dependence and obesity. The present study aims to assess the role of α7nAChR in palatable food-induced dependence-like behaviors.

Method

The study involved male C57BL/6J mice exposed to three different feeding paradigms over 6 weeks to induce obesity and food addiction. On day 43, palatable food was replaced with standard chow, and the mice received treatments (vehicle, PNU-282987 [α7nAChR agonist], or methyllycaconitine citrate [MLA; α7nAChR antagonist]). Addiction-like behaviors, including craving for palatable food, motivation-effort interaction tests, and compulsive eating-like behavior, were measured during abstinence with and without treatment.

Results

The present study shows that chronic intermittent and continuous exposure to palatable food induces craving, motivation, and effort interaction behaviors as well as compulsive eating-like behaviors in palatable food-abstinent mice. Administration of the α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, significantly attenuated the craving behavior only in mice continuously fed palatable food (reduced calorie intake from 63.19 % to 48.21 %; p = 0.0053). Also, PNU-282987 suppressed the effort behaviors in either intermittently or continuously fed mice (significant reduction in the Δ number of active events per minute; p-values = 0.038 and 0.0098, respectively). However, it attenuated the compulsive-like eating behavior exclusively in the continuously fed group (p = 0.0433). Active and total interaction efforts were reversed by the MLA. These findings indicate the involvement of α7nAChR in dependence-like behaviors toward palatable food in mice.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that dependence-like behaviors toward palatable food can emerge after prolonged exposure. Mice fed on palatable food continuously exhibited more dependence-like behaviors toward palatable food, and activation of α7nAChR signaling attenuated the vulnerability to develop such behaviors.

背景近年来,全球肥胖率上升,再加上适口食物(PF)消费过多,已成为一个严重的社会问题。文献表明,奖励性适口食物(尤其是在停止食用时)会导致暴饮暴食、暴饮暴食和强迫性进食,从而可能导致肥胖。饮食范式面临的挑战,以及已获批准的饮食失调症治疗方法和抗肥胖药物的局限性,凸显了探索新靶点的必要性。在这种情况下,α7nAChR(α-7 尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体)可能成为对抗食物依赖和肥胖症的一个有希望的治疗靶点。本研究旨在评估α7nAChR在适口食物诱导的类似依赖行为中的作用。第43天,用标准饲料取代适口食物,小鼠接受治疗(载体、PNU-282987[α7nAChR激动剂]或柠檬酸甲酯[MLA;α7nAChR拮抗剂])。结果本研究表明,长期间歇性和持续暴露于适口食物会诱发成瘾小鼠的渴求、动机和努力相互作用行为以及强迫性进食行为。服用α7nAChR激动剂PNU-282987仅能显著减轻连续喂食适口食物的小鼠的渴求行为(卡路里摄入量从63.19%降至48.21%;p = 0.0053)。此外,PNU-282987 还能抑制间歇或连续喂食小鼠的努力行为(显著减少每分钟活动事件的 Δ 数量;p 值分别为 0.038 和 0.0098)。然而,它只减轻了连续喂食组的强迫性进食行为(p = 0.0433)。主动和全面的交互作用被 MLA 逆转。这些研究结果表明,α7nAChR 参与了小鼠对适口食物的依赖行为。连续喂食适口食物的小鼠对适口食物表现出更多类似依赖的行为,而激活α7nAChR信号转导可减轻出现此类行为的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the vitamin D response index in a Saudi cohort 评估沙特队列中的维生素 D 反应指数
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102137
Shareefa A. AlGhamdi , Ranjini Ghosh Dastidar , Maciej Rybiński , Hadeil M. Alsufiani , Sawsan O. Khoja , Nusaibah N. Enaibsi , Safa F. Saif , Carsten Carlberg

The concept of the vitamin D response index was developed based on vitamin D intervention studies conducted with Finnish cohorts. In this study, we challenged the concept by performing a single vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU) intervention with a cohort of 100 native Saudis. The change of serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor measured directly before intervention in comparison to samples taken one and thirty days after vitamin D3 supplementation were used as biomarkers for distinguishing low, mid and high responders. Interestingly, we identified 39 % of the study participants as low responders. In contrast, when we used in a subset of 37 study participants whole blood expression changes of seven well-known vitamin D target genes one and thirty days after supplementation as alternative biomarkers, only 9 persons (24 %) were identified as low responders. In conclusion, in Saudi Arabia the rate of low vitamin D responders is equal or even higher than that in Finland. Therefore, similar to Nordic countries also in Saudi Arabia appropriate vitamin D3 supplementation is essential, in order to fulfill the needs of low responders.

维生素 D 反应指数的概念是在芬兰队列维生素 D 干预研究的基础上提出的。在本研究中,我们对这一概念提出了质疑,对 100 名沙特本地人进行了一次维生素 D3 栓剂(80,000 IU)干预。干预前直接测量的血清促炎细胞因子白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 8 和肿瘤坏死因子的水平变化,与补充维生素 D3 一、三十天后采集的样本进行比较,以此作为区分低、中、高应答者的生物标志物。有趣的是,我们发现 39% 的研究参与者属于低反应者。与此相反,当我们使用补充维生素 D 一、三十天后七个著名维生素 D 目标基因的全血表达变化作为替代生物标志物时,37 名研究参与者中只有 9 人(24%)被确定为低反应者。总之,在沙特阿拉伯,维生素 D 低反应者的比例与芬兰相当,甚至更高。因此,与北欧国家类似,沙特阿拉伯也必须适当补充维生素 D3,以满足低反应者的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of storage conditions on the dissolution performance of commercial metronidazole tablets available in Saudi Arabia 储存条件对沙特阿拉伯市售甲硝唑商用片剂溶解性能的影响
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102134
Basmah N. Aldosari, Areej M. Al-Mutairi, Alanood S. Almurshedi, Iman M. Alfagih, Bushra T. Al Quadeib, Eram Eltahir, Salma S. Almarshidy, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Amal El Sayeh F. Abou El Ela

This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the dissolution performance of commercial metronidazole (MTZ) tablets available in Saudi Arabia; these were coded as the reference and Test A, Test B, and Test C products. Moreover, the hardness and the disintegration time were measured. The UV spectrophotometrically analytical technique was utilized to quantify MTZ. All the control tablets, which were tested upon receipt, met the USP requirement as not less than 85 % of the labeled amount of MTZ was dissolved in 60 min. The MTZ reference released 91.79 % ± 1.23 after 60 min, while the products A, B, and C released 87.96 % ± 2.60, 93.26 % ± 2.01, and 88.61 % ± 2.04, respectively. The different dissolution parameters calculated for all the control tablets showed that the MTZ products A and B had optimal dissolution performances and were considered similar to the reference product. The product C showed a significantly reduced dissolution performance and was considered different from the reference. The in vitro dissolution of the MTZ tablets stored at 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % for 6 months indicated that the tablets maintained compliance with the USP requirement. The MTZ reference released 89.36 % ± 3.64 after 60 min, while the products A, B, and C released 95.79 % ± 3.91, 88.52 % ± 2.52, and 87.79 % ± 5.04, respectively. However, a slight reduction in the percentage released after 30 min (% DE30) and a slight increase in the mean dissolution time (MDT) were observed during the first 3 months of storage under stressed conditions. These changes were more obvious after 6 months of storage under the same conditions. Furthermore, in vitro dissolution of the product C stored at 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % for 3 months with further protection against high humidity revealed an improvement in the dissolution parameters due to the similar protective effects exerted by the two packaging forms. Furthermore, the study shows that storage conditions such as humidity and temperature affect in vitro dissolution of MTZ marketed tablets which may have an impact on efficiency and patient safety.

本研究旨在调查贮藏条件对沙特阿拉伯市售甲硝唑(MTZ)商用片剂溶出性能的影响;这些片剂被编码为参考产品、试验 A、试验 B 和试验 C 产品。此外,还测量了硬度和崩解时间。采用紫外分光光度分析技术对 MTZ 进行定量。所有对照药片在收到后都进行了测试,符合美国药典的要求,即在 60 分钟内溶解的 MTZ 含量不少于标签量的 85%。60 分钟后,MTZ 参考品释放了 91.79 % ± 1.23%,而产品 A、B 和 C 分别释放了 87.96 % ± 2.60%、93.26 % ± 2.01% 和 88.61 % ± 2.04%。对所有对照药片计算的不同溶出度参数表明,MTZ 产品 A 和 B 具有最佳的溶出性能,与参比产品相似。产品 C 的溶出性能明显降低,被认为与参比产品不同。MTZ 片剂在 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % 的条件下储存 6 个月的体外溶出度表明,这些片剂始终符合美国药典的要求。60 分钟后,MTZ 参考品释放出 89.36 % ± 3.64%,而产品 A、B 和 C 分别释放出 95.79 % ± 3.91%、88.52 % ± 2.52% 和 87.79 % ± 5.04%。不过,在受压条件下储存的前 3 个月,观察到 30 分钟后释放的百分比(DE30%)略有下降,平均溶解时间(MDT)略有增加。在相同条件下储存 6 个月后,这些变化更加明显。此外,将产品 C 在 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % 的条件下存放 3 个月,并进一步防止高湿度,体外溶出度显示,由于两种包装形式具有类似的保护作用,溶出度参数有所改善。此外,该研究还表明,湿度和温度等储存条件会影响 MTZ 上市片剂的体外溶出度,这可能会影响效率和患者安全。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯病毒感染的流行病学和临床最新情况
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102126
Noura M. Alshiban , Munirah S. Aleyiydi , Majed S. Nassar , Nada K. Alhumaid , Thamer A. Almangour , Yahya M.K. Tawfik , Laila A. Damiati , Abdulaziz S. Almutairi , Essam A. Tawfik

In the past two decades, the world has witnessed devastating pandemics affecting the global healthcare infrastructure and disrupting society and the economy worldwide. Among all pathogens, viruses play a critical role that is associated with outbreaks due to their wide range of species, involvement of animal hosts, easily transmitted to humans, and increased rates of infectivity. Viral disease outbreaks threaten public health globally due to the challenges associated with controlling and eradicating them. Implementing effective viral disease control programs starts with ongoing surveillance data collection and analyses to detect infectious disease trends and patterns, which is critical for maintaining public health. Viral disease control strategies include improved hygiene and sanitation facilities, eliminating arthropod vectors, vaccinations, and quarantine. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority (also known as Weqayah) in Saudi Arabia are responsible for public health surveillance to control and prevent infectious diseases. The notifiable viral diseases based on the Saudi MOH include hepatitis diseases, viral hemorrhagic fevers, respiratory viral diseases, exanthematous viral diseases, neurological viral diseases, and conjunctivitis. Monitoring trends and detecting changes in these viral diseases is essential to provide proper interventions, evaluate the established prevention programs, and develop better prevention strategies. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the epidemiological updates of the recently reported viral infections in Saudi Arabia and to provide insights into the recent clinical treatment and prevention strategies.

在过去二十年里,世界上发生了毁灭性的大流行病,影响了全球医疗保健基础设施,扰乱了全球社会和经济。在所有病原体中,病毒因其种类繁多、涉及动物宿主、易传播给人类以及感染率高而在疾病爆发中扮演着重要角色。病毒性疾病的爆发威胁着全球公共卫生,因为控制和根除病毒性疾病是一项艰巨的任务。实施有效的病毒性疾病控制计划首先要不断收集和分析监测数据,以发现传染病的趋势和模式,这对维护公共卫生至关重要。病毒性疾病控制策略包括改善个人卫生和环境卫生设施、消灭节肢动物病媒、接种疫苗和隔离。沙特阿拉伯卫生部和公共卫生局(又称 Weqayah)负责公共卫生监测,以控制和预防传染病。根据沙特卫生部的规定,应通报的病毒性疾病包括肝炎、病毒性出血热、呼吸道病毒性疾病、出血性病毒性疾病、神经系统病毒性疾病和结膜炎。监测这些病毒性疾病的趋势和检测其变化对于提供适当的干预措施、评估既定的预防计划和制定更好的预防策略至关重要。因此,本综述旨在重点介绍沙特阿拉伯最近报告的病毒感染的最新流行病学情况,并深入探讨近期的临床治疗和预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition on pharmacodynamic ingredients of natural products 认识天然产品的药效学成分
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102124
Tao Wang , Zhong-Yu Fu , Yan-Juan Li , Lei Zi , Cheng-Zhu Song , Yu-Xuan Tao , Mei Zhang , Wen Gu , Jie Yu , Xing-Xin Yang

Natural products (NPs) play an irreplaceable role in the intervention of various diseases and have been considered a critical source of drug development. Many new pharmacodynamic compounds with potential clinical applications have recently been derived from NPs. These compounds range from small molecules to polysaccharides, polypeptides, proteins, self-assembled nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes various active substances found in NPs. The investigation of active substances in NPs can potentiate new drug development and promote the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of NPs that can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

天然产物(NPs)在干预各种疾病方面发挥着不可替代的作用,一直被认为是药物开发的重要来源。最近,许多具有潜在临床应用价值的新药效化合物都是从天然产物中提取出来的。这些化合物包括小分子、多糖、多肽、蛋白质、自组装纳米颗粒和细胞外囊泡。本综述总结了在纳米粒子中发现的各种活性物质。对 NPs 中活性物质的研究可促进新药开发,并有助于深入了解 NPs 的作用机制,从而有利于预防和治疗人类疾病。
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引用次数: 0
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Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
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