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Evaluation of the vitamin D response index in a Saudi cohort 评估沙特队列中的维生素 D 反应指数
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102137
Shareefa A. AlGhamdi , Ranjini Ghosh Dastidar , Maciej Rybiński , Hadeil M. Alsufiani , Sawsan O. Khoja , Nusaibah N. Enaibsi , Safa F. Saif , Carsten Carlberg

The concept of the vitamin D response index was developed based on vitamin D intervention studies conducted with Finnish cohorts. In this study, we challenged the concept by performing a single vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU) intervention with a cohort of 100 native Saudis. The change of serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor measured directly before intervention in comparison to samples taken one and thirty days after vitamin D3 supplementation were used as biomarkers for distinguishing low, mid and high responders. Interestingly, we identified 39 % of the study participants as low responders. In contrast, when we used in a subset of 37 study participants whole blood expression changes of seven well-known vitamin D target genes one and thirty days after supplementation as alternative biomarkers, only 9 persons (24 %) were identified as low responders. In conclusion, in Saudi Arabia the rate of low vitamin D responders is equal or even higher than that in Finland. Therefore, similar to Nordic countries also in Saudi Arabia appropriate vitamin D3 supplementation is essential, in order to fulfill the needs of low responders.

维生素 D 反应指数的概念是在芬兰队列维生素 D 干预研究的基础上提出的。在本研究中,我们对这一概念提出了质疑,对 100 名沙特本地人进行了一次维生素 D3 栓剂(80,000 IU)干预。干预前直接测量的血清促炎细胞因子白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 8 和肿瘤坏死因子的水平变化,与补充维生素 D3 一、三十天后采集的样本进行比较,以此作为区分低、中、高应答者的生物标志物。有趣的是,我们发现 39% 的研究参与者属于低反应者。与此相反,当我们使用补充维生素 D 一、三十天后七个著名维生素 D 目标基因的全血表达变化作为替代生物标志物时,37 名研究参与者中只有 9 人(24%)被确定为低反应者。总之,在沙特阿拉伯,维生素 D 低反应者的比例与芬兰相当,甚至更高。因此,与北欧国家类似,沙特阿拉伯也必须适当补充维生素 D3,以满足低反应者的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of storage conditions on the dissolution performance of commercial metronidazole tablets available in Saudi Arabia 储存条件对沙特阿拉伯市售甲硝唑商用片剂溶解性能的影响
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102134
Basmah N. Aldosari, Areej M. Al-Mutairi, Alanood S. Almurshedi, Iman M. Alfagih, Bushra T. Al Quadeib, Eram Eltahir, Salma S. Almarshidy, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Amal El Sayeh F. Abou El Ela

This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the dissolution performance of commercial metronidazole (MTZ) tablets available in Saudi Arabia; these were coded as the reference and Test A, Test B, and Test C products. Moreover, the hardness and the disintegration time were measured. The UV spectrophotometrically analytical technique was utilized to quantify MTZ. All the control tablets, which were tested upon receipt, met the USP requirement as not less than 85 % of the labeled amount of MTZ was dissolved in 60 min. The MTZ reference released 91.79 % ± 1.23 after 60 min, while the products A, B, and C released 87.96 % ± 2.60, 93.26 % ± 2.01, and 88.61 % ± 2.04, respectively. The different dissolution parameters calculated for all the control tablets showed that the MTZ products A and B had optimal dissolution performances and were considered similar to the reference product. The product C showed a significantly reduced dissolution performance and was considered different from the reference. The in vitro dissolution of the MTZ tablets stored at 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % for 6 months indicated that the tablets maintained compliance with the USP requirement. The MTZ reference released 89.36 % ± 3.64 after 60 min, while the products A, B, and C released 95.79 % ± 3.91, 88.52 % ± 2.52, and 87.79 % ± 5.04, respectively. However, a slight reduction in the percentage released after 30 min (% DE30) and a slight increase in the mean dissolution time (MDT) were observed during the first 3 months of storage under stressed conditions. These changes were more obvious after 6 months of storage under the same conditions. Furthermore, in vitro dissolution of the product C stored at 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % for 3 months with further protection against high humidity revealed an improvement in the dissolution parameters due to the similar protective effects exerted by the two packaging forms. Furthermore, the study shows that storage conditions such as humidity and temperature affect in vitro dissolution of MTZ marketed tablets which may have an impact on efficiency and patient safety.

本研究旨在调查贮藏条件对沙特阿拉伯市售甲硝唑(MTZ)商用片剂溶出性能的影响;这些片剂被编码为参考产品、试验 A、试验 B 和试验 C 产品。此外,还测量了硬度和崩解时间。采用紫外分光光度分析技术对 MTZ 进行定量。所有对照药片在收到后都进行了测试,符合美国药典的要求,即在 60 分钟内溶解的 MTZ 含量不少于标签量的 85%。60 分钟后,MTZ 参考品释放了 91.79 % ± 1.23%,而产品 A、B 和 C 分别释放了 87.96 % ± 2.60%、93.26 % ± 2.01% 和 88.61 % ± 2.04%。对所有对照药片计算的不同溶出度参数表明,MTZ 产品 A 和 B 具有最佳的溶出性能,与参比产品相似。产品 C 的溶出性能明显降低,被认为与参比产品不同。MTZ 片剂在 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % 的条件下储存 6 个月的体外溶出度表明,这些片剂始终符合美国药典的要求。60 分钟后,MTZ 参考品释放出 89.36 % ± 3.64%,而产品 A、B 和 C 分别释放出 95.79 % ± 3.91%、88.52 % ± 2.52% 和 87.79 % ± 5.04%。不过,在受压条件下储存的前 3 个月,观察到 30 分钟后释放的百分比(DE30%)略有下降,平均溶解时间(MDT)略有增加。在相同条件下储存 6 个月后,这些变化更加明显。此外,将产品 C 在 40oC ± 2 oC/75 % RH ± 5 % 的条件下存放 3 个月,并进一步防止高湿度,体外溶出度显示,由于两种包装形式具有类似的保护作用,溶出度参数有所改善。此外,该研究还表明,湿度和温度等储存条件会影响 MTZ 上市片剂的体外溶出度,这可能会影响效率和患者安全。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯病毒感染的流行病学和临床最新情况
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102126
Noura M. Alshiban , Munirah S. Aleyiydi , Majed S. Nassar , Nada K. Alhumaid , Thamer A. Almangour , Yahya M.K. Tawfik , Laila A. Damiati , Abdulaziz S. Almutairi , Essam A. Tawfik

In the past two decades, the world has witnessed devastating pandemics affecting the global healthcare infrastructure and disrupting society and the economy worldwide. Among all pathogens, viruses play a critical role that is associated with outbreaks due to their wide range of species, involvement of animal hosts, easily transmitted to humans, and increased rates of infectivity. Viral disease outbreaks threaten public health globally due to the challenges associated with controlling and eradicating them. Implementing effective viral disease control programs starts with ongoing surveillance data collection and analyses to detect infectious disease trends and patterns, which is critical for maintaining public health. Viral disease control strategies include improved hygiene and sanitation facilities, eliminating arthropod vectors, vaccinations, and quarantine. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority (also known as Weqayah) in Saudi Arabia are responsible for public health surveillance to control and prevent infectious diseases. The notifiable viral diseases based on the Saudi MOH include hepatitis diseases, viral hemorrhagic fevers, respiratory viral diseases, exanthematous viral diseases, neurological viral diseases, and conjunctivitis. Monitoring trends and detecting changes in these viral diseases is essential to provide proper interventions, evaluate the established prevention programs, and develop better prevention strategies. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the epidemiological updates of the recently reported viral infections in Saudi Arabia and to provide insights into the recent clinical treatment and prevention strategies.

在过去二十年里,世界上发生了毁灭性的大流行病,影响了全球医疗保健基础设施,扰乱了全球社会和经济。在所有病原体中,病毒因其种类繁多、涉及动物宿主、易传播给人类以及感染率高而在疾病爆发中扮演着重要角色。病毒性疾病的爆发威胁着全球公共卫生,因为控制和根除病毒性疾病是一项艰巨的任务。实施有效的病毒性疾病控制计划首先要不断收集和分析监测数据,以发现传染病的趋势和模式,这对维护公共卫生至关重要。病毒性疾病控制策略包括改善个人卫生和环境卫生设施、消灭节肢动物病媒、接种疫苗和隔离。沙特阿拉伯卫生部和公共卫生局(又称 Weqayah)负责公共卫生监测,以控制和预防传染病。根据沙特卫生部的规定,应通报的病毒性疾病包括肝炎、病毒性出血热、呼吸道病毒性疾病、出血性病毒性疾病、神经系统病毒性疾病和结膜炎。监测这些病毒性疾病的趋势和检测其变化对于提供适当的干预措施、评估既定的预防计划和制定更好的预防策略至关重要。因此,本综述旨在重点介绍沙特阿拉伯最近报告的病毒感染的最新流行病学情况,并深入探讨近期的临床治疗和预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition on pharmacodynamic ingredients of natural products 认识天然产品的药效学成分
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102124
Tao Wang , Zhong-Yu Fu , Yan-Juan Li , Lei Zi , Cheng-Zhu Song , Yu-Xuan Tao , Mei Zhang , Wen Gu , Jie Yu , Xing-Xin Yang

Natural products (NPs) play an irreplaceable role in the intervention of various diseases and have been considered a critical source of drug development. Many new pharmacodynamic compounds with potential clinical applications have recently been derived from NPs. These compounds range from small molecules to polysaccharides, polypeptides, proteins, self-assembled nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes various active substances found in NPs. The investigation of active substances in NPs can potentiate new drug development and promote the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of NPs that can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

天然产物(NPs)在干预各种疾病方面发挥着不可替代的作用,一直被认为是药物开发的重要来源。最近,许多具有潜在临床应用价值的新药效化合物都是从天然产物中提取出来的。这些化合物包括小分子、多糖、多肽、蛋白质、自组装纳米颗粒和细胞外囊泡。本综述总结了在纳米粒子中发现的各种活性物质。对 NPs 中活性物质的研究可促进新药开发,并有助于深入了解 NPs 的作用机制,从而有利于预防和治疗人类疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Development of topical silver nano gel formulation of Bixin: Characterization, and evaluation of anticancer activity 开发局部银纳米凝胶制剂 "碧欣":表征和抗癌活性评估
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102125
Swapnil S. Patil , Preeti khulbe , Manojkumar M. Nitalikar , Kuntal Das , Mallikarjuna B.P. , Sultan Alshehri , Amro Mohammed Sawadi Khormi , Mutlaq Eidhah M. Almalki , Syed Arif Hussain , Syed Imam Rabbani , Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq

Objective

Skin cancer refers to the pathological condition characterized by the proliferation of atypical skin cells in an uncontrolled manner. Plant-based products such as bixin although show promising anticancer properties, but maintaining their stability in a formulation is a difficult task. The objective of the research is to formulate a silver nanoparticle gel preparation of bixin and evaluate its anticancer properties.

Methods

The extract from Bixa orellana seed was prepared by hot extraction technique to isolate the active ingredient, bixin. A green synthesis approach was utilized for preparing the silver nanoparticle gel of bixin (BOAgNPs). Characterization of silver nanoparticles was done using FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, compatibility study, homogeneity testing, pH evaluation, and drug content determination. The in-vitro anticancer activity was performed using cell lines (B16F10) and in-vivo by chemical carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene) in mice.

Results

The BOAgNPs-loaded topical gel was found to be homogeneous (clear orange color) and pH-compatible (pH ≈ 6.66) with the skin. The characterization studies indicated the presence of all functional groups in the formulation. An optimized batch of bixin-nano gel showed about 60% inhibitory effects on B16F10 cell lines (in-vitro activity) when equated with a reference drug, 5-fluorouracil. The in-vivo anticancer study suggested suppression of tumorigenesis and promotion of the healing process with bixin-nano gel application on the skin.

Conclusion

The results suggested the promising anticancer property of bixin when formulated in silver nanoparticle gel. The preparation of silver particles nano gel with bixin might provide an effective alternative option for treating skin cancers, provided more research complements the findings of the present study.

目的皮肤癌是指非典型皮肤细胞不受控制地增殖的病理状态。以植物为原料的产品(如碧欣)虽然显示出良好的抗癌特性,但在配方中保持其稳定性是一项艰巨的任务。研究目的是配制一种银纳米颗粒的碧蟾素凝胶制剂,并评估其抗癌特性。方法采用热萃取技术从碧蟾素种子中提取精华,分离出有效成分碧蟾素。采用绿色合成方法制备了银纳米颗粒凝胶(BOAgNPs)。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、相容性研究、均匀性测试、pH 值评估和药物含量测定对银纳米粒子进行了表征。使用细胞系(B16F10)进行了体外抗癌活性测试,并使用化学致癌物(7,12-二甲基苯(a)蒽)对小鼠进行了体内抗癌活性测试。表征研究表明制剂中存在所有官能团。与参考药物 5-氟尿嘧啶相比,优化批次的 bixin 纳米凝胶对 B16F10 细胞株的抑制效果约为 60%(体外活性)。体内抗癌研究表明,将比克辛纳米凝胶涂抹在皮肤上可抑制肿瘤发生并促进愈合过程。如果有更多的研究能够补充本研究的结果,那么用比克信制备银颗粒纳米凝胶可能会为治疗皮肤癌提供一种有效的替代选择。
{"title":"Development of topical silver nano gel formulation of Bixin: Characterization, and evaluation of anticancer activity","authors":"Swapnil S. Patil ,&nbsp;Preeti khulbe ,&nbsp;Manojkumar M. Nitalikar ,&nbsp;Kuntal Das ,&nbsp;Mallikarjuna B.P. ,&nbsp;Sultan Alshehri ,&nbsp;Amro Mohammed Sawadi Khormi ,&nbsp;Mutlaq Eidhah M. Almalki ,&nbsp;Syed Arif Hussain ,&nbsp;Syed Imam Rabbani ,&nbsp;Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Skin cancer refers to the pathological condition characterized by the proliferation of atypical skin cells in an uncontrolled manner. Plant-based products such as bixin although show promising anticancer properties, but maintaining their stability in a formulation is a difficult task. The objective of the research is to formulate a silver nanoparticle gel preparation of bixin and evaluate its anticancer properties.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The extract from <em>Bixa orellana</em> seed was prepared by hot extraction technique to isolate the active ingredient, bixin. A green synthesis approach was utilized for preparing the silver nanoparticle gel of bixin (BOAgNPs). Characterization of silver nanoparticles was done using FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, compatibility study, homogeneity testing, pH evaluation, and drug content determination. The <em>in-vitro</em> anticancer activity was performed using cell lines (B16F10) and <em>in-vivo</em> by chemical carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene) in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BOAgNPs-loaded topical gel was found to be homogeneous (clear orange color) and pH-compatible (pH ≈ 6.66) with the skin. The characterization studies indicated the presence of all functional groups in the formulation. An optimized batch of bixin-nano gel showed about 60% inhibitory effects on B16F10 cell lines (<em>in-vitro</em> activity) when equated with a reference drug, 5-fluorouracil. The <em>in-vivo</em> anticancer study suggested suppression of tumorigenesis and promotion of the healing process with bixin-nano gel application on the skin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggested the promising anticancer property of bixin when formulated in silver nanoparticle gel. The preparation of silver particles nano gel with bixin might provide an effective alternative option for treating skin cancers, provided more research complements the findings of the present study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016424001750/pdfft?md5=9b1badc86ff0ecec6f2ca42fdc1401d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1319016424001750-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in the development of poly(ester amide)s-based carriers for drug delivery 开发基于聚酯酰胺的药物传输载体的最新进展
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102123
Rui Xie, Jiang Li, Min Zhao, Fan Wu

Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have several important applications in drug delivery. The biomaterial family known as poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) has garnered considerable interest because it exhibits the benefits of both polyester and polyamide, as well as production from readily available raw ingredients and sophisticated synthesis techniques. Specifically, α-amino acid-based PEAs (AA-PEAs) are promising carriers because of their structural flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Herein, we summarize the latest applications of PEAs in drug delivery systems, including antitumor, gene therapy, and protein drugs, and discuss the prospects of drug delivery based on PEAs, which provides a reference for designing safe and efficient drug delivery carriers.

可生物降解且具有生物相容性的生物材料在给药领域有多种重要应用。被称为聚酯酰胺(PEAs)的生物材料家族引起了人们的极大兴趣,因为它同时具有聚酯和聚酰胺的优点,而且可以用现成的原料和复杂的合成技术生产。具体来说,α-氨基酸基 PEAs(AA-PEAs)因其结构灵活、生物相容性和生物降解性而成为前景广阔的载体。在此,我们总结了 PEAs 在药物递送系统中的最新应用,包括抗肿瘤、基因治疗和蛋白质药物,并探讨了基于 PEAs 的药物递送前景,为设计安全高效的药物递送载体提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Skin anti-aging potential of Launaea procumbens extract: Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities supported by ADMET and molecular docking studies Launaea procumbens 提取物的皮肤抗衰老潜力:ADMET 和分子对接研究支持的抗氧化和酶抑制活性
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102107
Hanan Khojah , Shaima R. Ahmed , Shahad Y. Alharbi , Kholood K. AlSabeelah , Hatham Y. Alrayyes , Kadi B. Almusayyab , Shahad R. Alrawiliy , Raghad M. Alshammari , Sumera Qasim

Aging is a natural process that occurs in all living organisms. Particularly, the skin embodies aging since it serves as a barrier between the body and its surroundings. Previously, we reported the wound healing effect of Launaea procumbens and identified compounds therein. The study aims to explore the skin anti-aging properties of the plant extract. To that effect, the antioxidant potential of L. procumbens methanolic extract (LPM) was assessed using two complementary DPPH and FRAP assays. The enzyme inhibitory effect of the extract on collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase was evaluated to assess the direct skin anti-aging effects. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated to explore the indirect anti-aging effects via the assessment of extract inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). In addition, ADMET and molecular docking studies were performed to explore the interaction mechanisms of identified compounds in LPM with target enzymes. LPM demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 = 29.08 µg/mL) and FRAP (1214.67 µM FeSO4/g extract) assays. Plant extract showed significant inhibition of collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase (IC50 = 52.68, 43.76, 31.031, and 37.13 µg/mL, respectively). The extract demonstrated significant COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition capacity with IC50 values of 8.635 and 10.851 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking study revealed the high potential of the identified compounds to bind to the active sites of enzymes crucially involved in the skin aging process. ADMET analysis of the compounds revealed their good absorption, distribution, and metabolism profiles, and they were found to be safe as well. Study findings suggest L. procumbens as a promising source for the development of natural skin anti-aging and antioxidant compounds. This, in turn, may facilitate its incorporation into cosmetic formulations after further investigation.

衰老是所有生物都会经历的一个自然过程。尤其是皮肤,因为它是人体与周围环境之间的屏障,所以也体现了衰老。此前,我们曾报道过这种植物的伤口愈合效果,并确定了其中的化合物。本研究旨在探索该植物提取物的皮肤抗衰老特性。为此,我们使用两种互补的 DPPH 和 FRAP 试验评估了甲醇提取物(LPM)的抗氧化潜力。还评估了萃取物对胶原酶、弹性蛋白酶、透明质酸酶和酪氨酸酶的酶抑制作用,以评估其直接的皮肤抗衰老效果。同样,通过评估萃取物对环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和 5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)的抑制作用,评估了抗炎活性,以探索间接抗衰老效果。此外,还进行了 ADMET 和分子对接研究,以探索 LPM 中已鉴定化合物与目标酶的相互作用机制。在 DPPH(IC = 29.08 µg/mL)和 FRAP(1214.67 µM FeSO4/g提取物)试验中,LPM表现出明显的抗氧化活性。植物提取物对胶原酶、弹性蛋白酶、透明质酸酶和酪氨酸酶有明显的抑制作用(IC 分别为 52.68、43.76、31.031 和 37.13 µg/mL)。该提取物具有明显的 COX-2 和 5-LOX 抑制能力,IC 值分别为 8.635 和 10.851 µg/mL。分子对接研究表明,所鉴定的化合物极有可能与皮肤老化过程中关键酶的活性位点结合。化合物的 ADMET 分析表明,它们具有良好的吸收、分布和代谢特征,而且是安全的。研究结果表明,这是开发天然皮肤抗衰老和抗氧化化合物的一个很有前景的来源。这反过来又有助于在进一步研究后将其纳入化妆品配方中。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of novel beta-lactam, MC-100093, and ceftriaxone on astrocytic glutamate transporters and neuroinflammatory factors in nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6 mice exposed to escalated doses of morphine 新型β-内酰胺类药物MC-100093和头孢曲松对暴露于吗啡递增剂量的C57BL/6小鼠星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运体和神经炎症因子的影响
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102108
Youssef Sari , Ghadeer M.S. Swiss , Fatin A. Alrashedi , Kholoud A. Baeshen , Sultan A. Alshammari , Shakir D. Alsharari , Nemat Ali , Abdullah F. Alasmari , Ali Alhoshani , Alaa A. Alameen , Wayne E. Childers , Magid Abou-Gharbia , Fawaz Alasmari

Chronic exposure to opioids can lead to downregulation of astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), which regulates the majority of glutamate uptake. Studies from our lab revealed that beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, attenuated hydrocodone-induced downregulation of GLT-1 as well as cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) expression in central reward brain regions. In this study, we investigated the effects of escalating doses of morphine and tested the efficacy of novel synthetic non-antibiotic drug, MC-100093, and ceftriaxone in attenuating the effects of morphine exposure in the expression of GLT-1, xCT, and neuroinflammatory factors (IL-6 and TGF-β) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study also investigated the effects of morphine and beta-lactams in locomotor activity, spontaneous alternation percentage (SAP) and number of entries in Y maze since opioids have effects in locomotor sensitization. Mice were exposed to moderate dose of morphine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and a higher dose of morphine (150 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 9, and these mice were then behaviorally tested and euthanized on Day 10. Western blot analysis showed that exposure to morphine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc, and both MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated these effects. In addition, morphine exposure increased IL-6 mRNA and TGF-β mRNA expression, and MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated only the effect on IL-6 mRNA expression in the NAc. Furthermore, morphine exposure induced an increase in distance travelled, and MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated this effect. In addition, morphine exposure decreased the SAP and increased the number of arm entries in Y maze, however, neither MC-100093 nor ceftriaxone showed any attenuating effect. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated morphine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 and xCT expression, and morphine-induced increase in neuroinflammatory factor, IL-6, as well as hyperactivity. These findings revealed the beneficial therapeutic effects of MC-100093 and ceftriaxone against the effects of exposure to escalated doses of morphine.

长期暴露于阿片类药物可导致星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运体 1(GLT-1)的下调,该转运体调节大部分谷氨酸的摄取。我们实验室的研究发现,β-内酰胺类抗生素头孢曲松可减轻氢可酮诱导的 GLT-1 下调以及中枢奖赏脑区胱氨酸/谷氨酸抗转运体(xCT)的表达。在这项研究中,我们研究了吗啡剂量递增的影响,并测试了新型合成非抗生素药物 MC-100093 和头孢曲松在减轻吗啡暴露对脑核中 GLT-1、xCT 和神经炎症因子(IL-6 和 TGF-β)表达的影响方面的功效。由于阿片类药物对小鼠的运动敏感性有影响,本研究还调查了吗啡和β-内酰胺类药物对小鼠运动活动、自发交替率(SAP)和进入Y迷宫次数的影响。小鼠在第1、3、5、7天暴露于中等剂量的吗啡(20毫克/千克,静脉注射),在第9天暴露于较高剂量的吗啡(150毫克/千克,静脉注射),然后对这些小鼠进行行为测试,并在第10天安乐死。Western印迹分析表明,接触吗啡会降低NAc中GLT-1和xCT的表达,而MC-100093和头孢曲松均可减轻这些影响。此外,吗啡还增加了NAc中IL-6 mRNA和TGF-β mRNA的表达,而MC-100093和头孢曲松只减弱了对IL-6 mRNA表达的影响。此外,接触吗啡会导致行走距离增加,而MC-100093和头孢曲松会减弱这种效应。此外,暴露于吗啡会降低Y迷宫中的SAP并增加进入臂的次数,但MC-100093和头孢曲松均未显示出任何减弱作用。我们的研究结果首次证明,MC-100093和头孢曲松可减轻吗啡诱导的GLT-1和xCT表达下调、吗啡诱导的神经炎症因子IL-6增加以及过度活跃。这些发现揭示了MC-100093和头孢曲松对暴露于递增剂量吗啡的影响具有有益的治疗作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes 丁香酚对人肝脏微粒体中细胞色素 P450 1A2、2C9、2D6 和 3A4 活性的影响
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102118
Naif Fahad M. Alharbi, Abdul Ahad, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi

This study aimed to provide an understanding of the influence of eugenol on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes (HLM). Specific substrate for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 were incubated in HLM with or without eugenol. The formation of their respective metabolites was assessed with HPLC analytical methods. Eugenol at 1, 10 and 100 µM levels inhibited the activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 by 23.38 %, 23.57 %, 39.80 % and 62.82 %, 63.27 %, 67.70 % respectively. While, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity was decreased by 40.70 %, 45.88 %, 62.68 % and 37.41 %, 42.58 % and 67.86 % at 1, 10 and 100 µM eugenol level respectively. The IC50 value of eugenol for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 was calculated as 11.09 ± 3.49 µM and 13.48 ± 3.86 µM respectively. Potential herb-drug interactions was noted when eugenol is administered simultaneously with medications metabolized by these enzymes, most notably CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4.

本研究旨在了解丁香酚对人肝脏微粒体(HLM)中 CYP1A2、2C9、2D6 和 3A4 的影响。将 CYP1A2、2C9、2D6 和 3A4 的特定底物与丁香酚或不与丁香酚一起在 HLM 中培养。采用 HPLC 分析方法评估其各自代谢物的形成。丁香酚在 1、10 和 100 µM 水平下分别抑制 CYP1A2 和 CYP2C9 的活性 23.38 %、23.57 %、39.80 % 和 62.82 %、63.27 %、67.70 %。而在 1、10 和 100 µM 丁香酚水平下,CYP2D6 和 CYP3A4 活性分别降低了 40.70 %、45.88 %、62.68 % 和 37.41 %、42.58 % 和 67.86 %。经计算,丁香酚对 CYP2D6 和 CYP3A4 的 IC50 值分别为 11.09 ± 3.49 µM 和 13.48 ± 3.86 µM。当丁香酚与由这些酶代谢的药物(尤其是 CYP2C9、CYP2D6 和 CYP3A4)同时服用时,可能会发生草药与药物之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Formulation, development and evaluation of hyaluronic acid-conjugated liposomal nanoparticles loaded with regorafenib and curcumin and their in vitro evaluation on colorectal cancer cell lines 载入瑞戈非尼和姜黄素的透明质酸共轭脂质体纳米颗粒的配制、开发和评估及其对结直肠癌细胞系的体外评估
IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102099
Sewar G. Shnaikat , Ashok K. Shakya , Sanaa K. Bardaweel

Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of global cancer, with chemotherapy and radiation therapy being effective but limited due to low specificity. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, provides hope to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and was approved by the FDA in 2012. However, due to resistance issues and adverse events, its efficacy is compromised, necessitating further refinement. Meanwhile, curcumin, a compound of turmeric, exhibits anticancer effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, induction of the apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modulation of signaling pathways. Unfortunately, its clinical utility is limited by its poor bioavailability, pointing towards innovative drug delivery strategies for enhanced efficacy in colorectal cancer treatment.

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-decorated liposomes (LIPO) have been developed to target colorectal cells through an overexpressed CD44 receptor, increasing antitumor and antimetastasis efficacy. This study investigates the possibility of loading curcumin (CUR) or regorafenib (REGO) into a liposomal formulation for passive and HA-actively targeted treatment, evaluating its critical quality attributes (CQA) (size, zeta potential, polydispersity index) and cytotoxic activity in the HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. The average particle size of the plain liposomes and those decorated with HA was 144.00 ± 0.78 nm and 140.77 ± 1.64 nm, respectively. In contrast, curcumin-loaded plain liposomes and HA-decorated liposomes had 140 ± 2.46 nm and 164.53 ± 15.13 nm, respectively. The prepared liposomes had a spherical shape with a narrow size distribution and an acceptable zeta potential of less than −30 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 99.2 % ± 0.3 and 99.9 ± 0.2 % for HA-decorated and bare regorafenib loaded. The % EE was 98.9 ± 0.2 % and 97.5 ± 0.2 % for bare liposomal nanoparticles loaded with curcumin and coated with curcumin. The IC50 of free REGO, CUR, REGO-LIPO, CUR-LIPO, REGO-LIPO-HA and CUR-LIPO-HA were 20.17 ± 0.78, 64.4 ± 0.33, 224.8 ± 0.06, 49.66 ± 0.22, 73.66 ± 0.6, and 27.86 ± 0.49 µM, respectively. The MTT assay in HT29 cells showed significant cytotoxic activity of the HA-decorated liposomal formulation compared to the base uncoated formulation, indicating that hyaluronic acid-targeted liposomes loaded with regorafenib or curcumin could be a promising targeted formulation against colorectal cancer cells.

结直肠癌是全球癌症的主要病因之一,化疗和放疗虽然有效,但由于特异性低而效果有限。瑞戈非尼是一种多激酶抑制剂,为转移性结直肠癌患者带来了希望,并于2012年获得美国食品药品管理局批准。然而,由于耐药性问题和不良反应,其疗效大打折扣,需要进一步改进。与此同时,姜黄中的一种化合物姜黄素通过抗氧化、抗炎、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞周期、抑制血管生成和调节信号通路等作用发挥抗癌作用。透明质酸(HA)装饰脂质体(LIPO)已被开发出来,可通过过度表达的 CD44 受体靶向结直肠细胞,提高抗肿瘤和抗转移疗效。本研究探讨了将姜黄素(CUR)或瑞戈非尼(REGO)装入脂质体制剂进行被动和HA主动靶向治疗的可能性,评估了其关键质量属性(CQA)(粒度、ZETA电位、多分散指数)和在HT29结直肠癌细胞系中的细胞毒性活性。普通脂质体和用 HA 装饰的脂质体的平均粒径分别为 144.00 ± 0.78 nm 和 140.77 ± 1.64 nm。相比之下,负载姜黄素的普通脂质体和HA装饰脂质体的平均粒径分别为140 ± 2.46 nm和164.53 ± 15.13 nm。制备的脂质体呈球形,粒度分布较窄,zeta电位小于-30 mV。装载有 HA 装饰的瑞戈非尼和裸瑞戈非尼的封装效率分别为 99.2 % ± 0.3 % 和 99.9 ± 0.2 %。装载姜黄素的裸脂质体纳米颗粒和涂布姜黄素的裸脂质体纳米颗粒的EE%分别为98.9%±0.2%和97.5%±0.2%。游离 REGO、CUR、REGO-LIPO、CUR-LIPO、REGO-LIPO-HA 和 CUR-LIPO-HA 的 IC50 分别为 20.17 ± 0.78、64.4 ± 0.33、224.8 ± 0.06、49.66 ± 0.22、73.66 ± 0.6 和 27.86 ± 0.49 µM。在 HT29 细胞中进行的 MTT 试验表明,与未包被的基础制剂相比,HA 包被的脂质体制剂具有显著的细胞毒性活性,这表明载入瑞戈非尼或姜黄素的透明质酸靶向脂质体可能是一种很有前景的针对结直肠癌细胞的靶向制剂。
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引用次数: 0
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Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
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