Dtw. Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift最新文献

A black and white female German Holstein calf showed a highly deformed cranium. The animal was not able to stand. Further findings were bilateral strabismus divergens and negative pupillary light reflexes. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological-anatomical examination showed that the cerebrum was replaced to a high degree by the ventricle system filled with 1.5 liters of cerebrospinal fluid. The hemispheres of the cerebellum were ruptured by the dilated fourth ventricle. In addition, the vermis and pons were missing and fluid accumulation in the subarachnoidal space extending up to the first spinal cord segments was visible. Inbreeding was not detected in the 3-generation-pedigree. No other affected calves from the same parents were known at the farm. Chromosomal abnormalities could not be detected after examination of 30 metaphase spreads using a light microscope. Infections and parasitic diseases could be ruled out for this anomaly. Very rare defect alleles might have been involved in the development of these inborn defects.

A 13-year-old Standardbred gelding was referred for evaluation of continuous abdominal pain. Rectal examination revealed a dislocated large colon (Dislocatio coli ad dextram). The horse showed muscle fasciculations and appeared lethargic. It was sent to surgery because of persistent colic. In transit the gelding showed an unstable walk and immediately prior to surgery a wide-based stance in the hindlimbs. Laparotomy revealed a retroflexion of the large colon and a secundary mesenterial volvulus. After surgery the horse remained recumbent. Due to the comatose state and poor prognosis the gelding was euthanized after 15 hours of recumbency. Necropsy indicated hyperaemic meninges, edema of gliacells and submeningeal tissue with vacuolization and loss of several cerebellar Purkinjecells as well as multiple conglomerates of Alzheimer type II astrocyte groups within the grey matter. Further findings included marked hepatolipidosis, multiple gastric ulcers, small intestinal hyperaemia with mild mononuclear inflammation, tapeworm-infestation of the caecum and moderate chronic enteritis with eosinophilic component in the large intestine. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case of a horse with colic and concurrent encephalopathy without primary liver disease described in a German-speaking country.

By treatment of single animals or a live stock a treatment regimen has to be chosen, which guarantees a sufficient concentration of the administered drug in the target tissue. On the other hand, particular care has to be taken to avoid that single animals get a too high, intolerable dose of the administered drug. These elementary requirements must be met by the attending veterinarian.The treatment schedule must be in line with the current phamaceutical law. Some of the most outstanding problems associated with application via feed and water are discussed. Crucial factors apart from practicability are the bioavailability depending on pharmaceutical form and the avoidance of displacements of drugs. Future efforts should focus on the optimization of oral medication.

Histomoniasis was detected and described in naturally affected 35 turkeys. A polymerase chain reaction, which amplified a 209 bp region from the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of H. meleagridis, was used and compared to the detection by histopathological observation of the histomonad trophozoits. In gross examination, typical histomoniasis lesions of hyperaemia and thickening of the cecal wall with grayish-yellow cecal cores were seen. In livers and kidneys, variably sized multiple foci of circumscribed necrotic areas were observed. Microscopically, varying amounts of histomonad trophozoits were detected in cecum (100%), liver (91.4%), kidney (17.1%), spleen (11.4%), proventriculus (5.7%) and bursa of Fabricius (2.8%). Mononuclear cell infiltration often containing giant cells in ceca, livers, kidneys and a proventriculus was observed. Lymphoid depletion was present in spleen and bursa of Fabricius. PCR assay detected the agent in cecum (100%), liver (100%), kidney (31.4%), spleen (25.7%), proventriculus (11.4%), bursa of Fabricius (11.4%) and lung (17.1%). This study describes histomoniasis lesions especially in several unusual locations such as kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and proventriculus and could provide a help in the diagnosis of the natural histomoniasis in turkeys. It was also shown that PCR based detection was a more sensitive technique than detection based on histopathological observation.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of inorganic and organic selenium compounds supplementations to diets containing adequate selenium in broilers on performance, carcass traits, plasma and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity. A total of 150 one-day-old broilers were randomized into one control and two treatment groups each containing 50 birds; each group was then divided into 3 replicate groups. The experiment lasted 42 days. All groups were fed with broiler starter diet from day 1 to 21 and finisher diet from day 22 to 42. The basal diet for control group included adequate selenium due to vitamin-mineral premix and feeds. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg organic selenium (selenomethionine, treatment group 1) and 0.2 mg/kg inorganic selenium (sodium selenite, treatment group 2). Although no significant differences were determined between treatment group 1 and the control group for mean body weights, the differences between the group given inorganic selenium and the other groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups with regard to mean feed intake and feed efficiency. The dressing percentages of the second treatment group were found to be lower than the first treatment group. Treatment groups were observed to have increased levels of glutathione peroxidase in plasma (p <0.01), kidney (p < 0.05), femoral muscle (p < 0.05), heart (p < 0.01) and liver tissue (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Results of this study indicated that the supplementation of organic selenium to diets containing adequate selenium increased plasma, liver, femoral muscle, kidney and heart tissue glutathione peroxidase activity in broilers.

Chronic endometritis can be diagnosed after three weeks post partum. Diagnostic methods such as external inspection and transrectal palpation of the uterus are not accurate enough to find each of the affected cows. An additional vaginal examination is more successful. Manual vaginal examination with the gloved hand or the use of a speculum will be sufficient. A new diagnostic device (Metricheck) seems to be suitable for the diagnosis of endometritis. For the evaluation of a given diagnostic test false-positive and false-negative diagnoses have to be considered. Ultrasonography is established in gynaecological examination in cattle and is adequate to diagnose endometritis accurately. Further diagnostic methods are cytological, histological and bacteriological examinations. Samples can be obtained by biopsy, uteruslavage, swabs or Cytobrush. Recently, precise clinical definitions of uterine diseases were adopted by several international researchers. These definitions should be used in national languages as well. Recent papers described cytological and ultrasonographical examinations for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis.

This report describes the macroscopic, histologic, immunohistologic and ultrastructural characteristics ofa biphasic malignant mesothelioma in the peritoneal and pleural cavity of a 13-year-old Icelandic pony mare, which exhibited recurrent ascites clinically. Immunohistology was performed employing multiple monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins (CK) and vimentin. The ultrastructural examination included the quantitative evaluation of the length to diameter ratio of the microvilli. Post mortem examination revealed a severe ascites and hydrothorax. The serosal surfaces of the peritoneum and pleura displayed poorly-demarcated, multifocal to coalescing laminar masses and small nodules. Histology revealed a bimorphic mass consisting of spindle-shaped cells and microcystic epithelioid areas. A transcoelomic and local invasive growth pattern as well as lymph node metastases were noticed. Immunohistology revealed a strong expression of CK. Though a low and moderate expression of CK5/6 and CK20 was present, respectively, CK7 and CK10-antigens were lacking. Ultrastructurally, the epithelioid mesothelioma cells displayed long microvilli, cytoplasmic tonofilaments, and desmosomes. Quantitative evaluation of the length to diameter ratio of the 10 longest microvilli revealed a mean value of approximately 16.2. Summarized, this report described the case of a malignant biphasic mesothelioma with an atypical CK20 expression but a characteristic ultrastructural morphology including long microvilli.

Two commercially available preparations from the disinfectants list of the German Veterinary Association (Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft e. V. (DVG)) were tested against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) field isolate in a concentration as recommended in the list for disinfection of bacteria. The "Guidelines of DVG for testing of disinfection methods and chemical disinfectants" were used as methodical base. Initially, the examinations for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and suitable inactivation substances were carried out. The bactericidal effect of both commercial preparations--a formic acid preparation (55 g per 100 g) and a preparation containing 21 g glutaraldhyde plus 17 g per 100 g formaldehyde--as well as reference disinfectants (37% formaldehyde and 99.5% phenol) were examined in suspension and carrier tests. The suspension tests were performed without and with protein load (20% FBS). Pieces of linden wood were used as carriers. The recommendation of DVG for both Venno Vet 1 super and M&enno Veterinär B neu as bactericide (except of bacterial spores) is 30 min (for preventive disinfections) as well as 120 min contact (for specific disinfections) of 1% concentration. The results show that the disinfection of MRSA do not require higher concentrations and longer contact times as recommended in the disinfectant list of DVG for both commercial disinfectants. Both products were effective in suspension tests in a 1% concentration and within five minutes independent of protein load. In contrast, 1% phenol (reference disinfectant for suspension tests) needed 30 min reaction time without protein load as well as 60 min with protein load for complete inactivation of the MRSA field strain. In carrier tests, a 30 min contact of 1% concentration of both commercial disinfectants and 3% concentration of formalin (reference disinfectant for carrier tests) was sufficient for complete disinfection.

The objective of this paper was to assess if meat juice is a suitable substrate for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (CSF). Fifty-six domestic pigs and 21 wild boars experimentally vaccinated and/or infected as well as 129 field samples from wild boars were involved in this study. Meat juice from diaphragm, forequarter and hindquarter was used for investigations. CSFV and viral RNA were detected in meat juice between days 5 and 21 post infection (pi). Animals which had survived the infection were diagnosed virologically negative and antibody-positive in muscle fluid. After vaccination or vaccination and subsequent infection of animals (n = 42), meat juice samples scored serologically positive. The antibody titres of these samples were significantly lower than in serum. Serological investigations of field samples derived from wild boars (n = 75) shot in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania showed a clear correlation between the antibody-positive samples in serum and in meat juice, whereas the serological results of meat juice samples (n = 54) from wild boars collected in Lower Saxony were slightly different. The reasons for these differences are discussed. Nevertheless, meat juice seems to be a suitable substrate for CSF diagnosis, especially for wild boars.