Pub Date : 2025-09-30Epub Date: 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100671
H.K. Schreiner, C.D. Rennie, A. Mohammadian
The system of an effluent jet discharged upstream of a sharp open channel bend is investigated using large eddy simulations and particle image velocimetry. Without the jet, three distinct sub-cells of secondary circulation are distinguished by clustering instantaneous vortices: one at the inner bank, which is a characteristic of sharp bends; one in the center; and a counter-rotating outer bank cell. Upon addition of a nonbuoyant submerged transverse jet, the outer bank cell vanishes for a low momentum jet and is driven earlier in the bend for a high momentum jet, the bend’s circulation strength is redistributed from the inner bank cell to the center cell, and the development locations of the secondary circulation cells are shifted toward the inner bank. The inner bank cell develops later, and its development region is constrained to be closer to the inner bank. The center cell develops earlier in the bend, and its development region encompasses the jet vortices. The momentum of the jet influences the distribution of effluent, both by increasing mixing with higher momentum and by advection through the jet-affected secondary circulation.
{"title":"Effect of a nonbuoyant submerged transverse jet on bend secondary circulation","authors":"H.K. Schreiner, C.D. Rennie, A. Mohammadian","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The system of an effluent jet discharged upstream of a sharp open channel bend is investigated using large eddy simulations and particle image velocimetry. Without the jet, three distinct sub-cells of secondary circulation are distinguished by clustering instantaneous vortices: one at the inner bank, which is a characteristic of sharp bends; one in the center; and a counter-rotating outer bank cell. Upon addition of a nonbuoyant submerged transverse jet, the outer bank cell vanishes for a low momentum jet and is driven earlier in the bend for a high momentum jet, the bend’s circulation strength is redistributed from the inner bank cell to the center cell, and the development locations of the secondary circulation cells are shifted toward the inner bank. The inner bank cell develops later, and its development region is constrained to be closer to the inner bank. The center cell develops earlier in the bend, and its development region encompasses the jet vortices. The momentum of the jet influences the distribution of effluent, both by increasing mixing with higher momentum and by advection through the jet-affected secondary circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30Epub Date: 2025-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100679
Hubert Chanson
Environmental free-surface flows encompass a wide range of applications in civil and environmental engineering. Hydraulic models, physical and numerical, are developed based upon the fundamental principles of similitude and dimensional analysis, as well as conservation of mass, momentum and energy, to ensure a reliable prediction of full-scale performances. Free-surface flows are modelled using a Froude similitude because gravity effects are important. Practically, the vast majority of free-surface flow models use water and air as in prototype. This constraint implies an invariant Morton number. With a combined Froude and Morton similarity, the Reynolds number is proportional to the mass flux. and it is typically much smaller in the hydraulic model. The difference in Reynolds numbers between model and prototype accounts for potential scale effects in terms of both viscous and capillary processes. It is demonstrated that the Weber number is irrelevant when the Reynolds number is retained. A few hydraulic models used different fluids between models and full-scale applications, and their application is discussed.
{"title":"The Morton number and its importance in free-surface flow modelling","authors":"Hubert Chanson","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental free-surface flows encompass a wide range of applications in civil and environmental engineering. Hydraulic models, physical and numerical, are developed based upon the fundamental principles of similitude and dimensional analysis, as well as conservation of mass, momentum and energy, to ensure a reliable prediction of full-scale performances. Free-surface flows are modelled using a Froude similitude because gravity effects are important. Practically, the vast majority of free-surface flow models use water and air as in prototype. This constraint implies an invariant Morton number. With a combined Froude and Morton similarity, the Reynolds number is proportional to the mass flux. and it is typically much smaller in the hydraulic model. The difference in Reynolds numbers between model and prototype accounts for potential scale effects in terms of both viscous and capillary processes. It is demonstrated that the Weber number is irrelevant when the Reynolds number is retained. A few hydraulic models used different fluids between models and full-scale applications, and their application is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100669
Ismail Albayrak , Romeo Arnold , Dila Demiral , Mohammadreza Maddahi , Robert M. Boes
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Field monitoring and modelling of sediment transport, hydraulics and hydroabrasion at Sediment Bypass Tunnels”. [J. Hydro-Environ. Res. 55 (2024) 1–19]","authors":"Ismail Albayrak , Romeo Arnold , Dila Demiral , Mohammadreza Maddahi , Robert M. Boes","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30Epub Date: 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100667
Jeonghun Lee , Eun-Sung Chung , Soohyun Kim , Dongkyun Kim
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Streamflow forecasting in ungauged basins with CNN-LSTM and radar-based precipitation” [J. Hydro-environ. Res. 60–61 (2025) 100666]","authors":"Jeonghun Lee , Eun-Sung Chung , Soohyun Kim , Dongkyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30Epub Date: 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100665
Hao-Che Ho, Cheng-Wei Wu, Yen-Cheng Lin
This study introduces an Information Entropy-based method for determining optimal Interrogation Area (IA) size in Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), a crucial factor for enhancing non-contact surface flow measurement accuracy. By analyzing entropy in particle images across variable IA sizes, we assessed 48 synthetic and 2 experimental flow scenarios. The method demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving Vector Correlation Coefficients up to 1.916 and Root Mean Square Errors as low as 1.113 and 2.444 pixels/frame in synthetic cases, and accuracy rates of 90.89% and 97.23% in experimental cases, rivaling traditional empirical approaches. Incorporation of surrounding pixel intensity data resulted in a 48–52% improvement in particle information quantification. Expanding the range of IA sizes from 5 to 8 significantly reduced measurement errors to below 0.7 and 1.0 pixels/frame. These findings suggest that the Information Entropy method offers a robust framework for systematic optimization of IA selection in LSPIV, promising enhanced measurement accuracy through further refinement of convergence criteria and noise reduction techniques.
{"title":"Systematic interrogation area optimization in large-scale particle image velocimetry using information entropy","authors":"Hao-Che Ho, Cheng-Wei Wu, Yen-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an Information Entropy-based method for determining optimal Interrogation Area (IA) size in Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), a crucial factor for enhancing non-contact surface flow measurement accuracy. By analyzing entropy in particle images across variable IA sizes, we assessed 48 synthetic and 2 experimental flow scenarios. The method demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving Vector Correlation Coefficients up to 1.916 and Root Mean Square Errors as low as 1.113 and 2.444 pixels/frame in synthetic cases, and accuracy rates of 90.89% and 97.23% in experimental cases, rivaling traditional empirical approaches. Incorporation of surrounding pixel intensity data resulted in a 48–52% improvement in particle information quantification. Expanding the range of IA sizes from 5 to 8 significantly reduced measurement errors to below 0.7 and 1.0 pixels/frame. These findings suggest that the Information Entropy method offers a robust framework for systematic optimization of IA selection in LSPIV, promising enhanced measurement accuracy through further refinement of convergence criteria and noise reduction techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30Epub Date: 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100668
Sudesh Dahal, Robert M. Boes, Frederic M. Evers, Ismail Albayrak, David F. Vetsch
Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) are hydraulic structures designed to mitigate reservoir sedimentation, mainly used in Switzerland, Japan, and Taiwan. The SBT efficiency depends on multiple factors including the incoming sediment yield, SBT inlet location, reservoir water level, and the timing of SBT operation relative to a flood event. To evaluate bypassing efficiency and optimize SBT operation, a methodology is developed to integrate sediment bypassing processes in a 1D numerical model for simulating the sedimentation dynamics under varying hydraulic conditions. The well-monitored case of the Solis reservoir in Switzerland with SBT operation serves as a good basis for this study. After calibrating and validating the model with the field data, three different categories of SBT operation scenarios are studied for a 5-year flood event: i) no SBT operation, ii) the effect of reservoir water level during SBT operation, and iii) the optimum duration of SBT operation. The simulations reveal that SBT operation is highly effective in reducing the amount of sedimentation by 89% compared to no SBT operation. This equals to the prevention of a 9% loss in active storage volume. However, the SBT efficiency is highly sensitive to reservoir operation. A maximum efficiency is achieved at a lower reservoir water level below the minimum operating level for energy generation, while it also releases higher sediment concentrations to the downstream reach. Furthermore, a longer duration of SBT operation increases the bypassing efficiency and minimizes the loss of active storage volume but goes along with a reduction in hydropower generation. Thus, a comparison of net benefits for different scenarios is suggested to derive an optimal SBT operation mode for similar situations. Overall, the applied methodology serves as a useful basis for evaluating and optimising the sediment management efficiency of SBTs and can thus contribute to improving the sustainable operation of reservoirs.
{"title":"Bypassing efficiency evaluation and optimization of sediment bypass tunnel operation in a narrow reservoir using 1D numerical modelling","authors":"Sudesh Dahal, Robert M. Boes, Frederic M. Evers, Ismail Albayrak, David F. Vetsch","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) are hydraulic structures designed to mitigate reservoir sedimentation, mainly used in Switzerland, Japan, and Taiwan. The SBT efficiency depends on multiple factors including the incoming sediment yield, SBT inlet location, reservoir water level, and the timing of SBT operation relative to a flood event. To evaluate bypassing efficiency and optimize SBT operation, a methodology is developed to integrate sediment bypassing processes in a 1D numerical model for simulating the sedimentation dynamics under varying hydraulic conditions. The well-monitored case of the Solis reservoir in Switzerland with SBT operation serves as a good basis for this study. After calibrating and validating the model with the field data, three different categories of SBT operation scenarios are studied for a 5-year flood event: i) no SBT operation, ii) the effect of reservoir water level during SBT operation, and iii) the optimum duration of SBT operation. The simulations reveal that SBT operation is highly effective in reducing the amount of sedimentation by 89% compared to no SBT operation. This equals to the prevention of a 9% loss in active storage volume. However, the SBT efficiency is highly sensitive to reservoir operation. A maximum efficiency is achieved at a lower reservoir water level below the minimum operating level for energy generation, while it also releases higher sediment concentrations to the downstream reach. Furthermore, a longer duration of SBT operation increases the bypassing efficiency and minimizes the loss of active storage volume but goes along with a reduction in hydropower generation. Thus, a comparison of net benefits for different scenarios is suggested to derive an optimal SBT operation mode for similar situations. Overall, the applied methodology serves as a useful basis for evaluating and optimising the sediment management efficiency of SBTs and can thus contribute to improving the sustainable operation of reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100666
Jeonghun Lee , Eun-Sung Chung , Soohyun Kim , Dongkyun Kim
Predicting high-resolution streamflow in ungauged basins remains a fundamental challenge in hydrology. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel dual-stream CNN-LSTM architecture that separately processes dynamic meteorological inputs and static watershed characteristics to capture complex spatiotemporal hydrological processes. The model was evaluated across 35 natural watersheds in South Korea using 1 km resolution radar-based precipitation and watershed data at 10-minute intervals. Our approach achieved a mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.59 (±0.12), significantly outperforming both non-CNN and lumped baseline models. Flow regime analysis revealed consistent improvements across all flow conditions, though challenges in peak flow prediction remain. Water balance analysis demonstrated improved physical consistency compared to lumped model. Statistical analysis identified hydrological variability as the primary performance-limiting factor, while input sensitivity testing confirmed flow accumulation raster data as the most critical spatial variable. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrated that the model can capture fundamental hydrological processes and physically plausible spatial runoff patterns, even without being given explicit information about the underlying physical phenomena.
{"title":"Streamflow forecasting in ungauged basins with CNN-LSTM and radar-based precipitation","authors":"Jeonghun Lee , Eun-Sung Chung , Soohyun Kim , Dongkyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting high-resolution streamflow in ungauged basins remains a fundamental challenge in hydrology. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel dual-stream CNN-LSTM architecture that separately processes dynamic meteorological inputs and static watershed characteristics to capture complex spatiotemporal hydrological processes. The model was evaluated across 35 natural watersheds in South Korea using 1 km resolution radar-based precipitation and watershed data at 10-minute intervals. Our approach achieved a mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.59 (±0.12), significantly outperforming both non-CNN and lumped baseline models. Flow regime analysis revealed consistent improvements across all flow conditions, though challenges in peak flow prediction remain. Water balance analysis demonstrated improved physical consistency compared to lumped model. Statistical analysis identified hydrological variability as the primary performance-limiting factor, while input sensitivity testing confirmed flow accumulation raster data as the most critical spatial variable. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrated that the model can capture fundamental hydrological processes and physically plausible spatial runoff patterns, even without being given explicit information about the underlying physical phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stability of ecosystems fundamentally depends on dynamic and mutualistic relationships among various ecological processes. However, comprehensive insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of these processes, particularly their cumulative effects in space, remain insufficiently developed. This study systematically analyzed key ecological indicators in the arid Tarim River Basin (TRB) of northwestern China from 2000 to 2020. Key ecological indicators analyzed included Leaf Area Index (LAI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET), and Water Use Efficiency (WUE), collected through remote sensing, field observations, and model prediction. The results revealed the dynamic interactions between surface ecological factors and soil indicators, emphasizing the influence of ecological-hydrological relationships on water resource management and overall ecosystem health. The influences of tributaries on the mainstream occurred within a 20 to 150-day time lag, presenting both positive and negative feedback effects. Furthermore, when the average tributary WUE surpassed 1.06, it was sustained for 1 to 2 months, accompanied by a marked increase in the mainstream’s WUE. Significant positive indirect cumulative effects were observed for LAI (0.27), total vegetation GPP (0.1875), ET (0.345), and soil moisture content (0.419). The results emphasize the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models in simulating ecological parameters within the mainstream of the TRB. This study advances the knowledge of ecosystem dynamics in arid environments and offers critical guidance for sustainable water resource management in the TRB and similar regions globally.
{"title":"The characterization and prediction of the indirect cumulative effects on ecological indicators in arid watersheds","authors":"Jing Wang , Guotao Dong , Lianqing Xue , Chenguang Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of ecosystems fundamentally depends on dynamic and mutualistic relationships among various ecological processes. However, comprehensive insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of these processes, particularly their cumulative effects in space, remain insufficiently developed. This study systematically analyzed key ecological indicators in the arid Tarim River Basin (TRB) of northwestern China from 2000 to 2020. Key ecological indicators analyzed included Leaf Area Index (LAI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET), and Water Use Efficiency (WUE), collected through remote sensing, field observations, and model prediction. The results revealed the dynamic interactions between surface ecological factors and soil indicators, emphasizing the influence of ecological-hydrological relationships on water resource management and overall ecosystem health. The influences of tributaries on the mainstream occurred within a 20 to 150-day time lag, presenting both positive and negative feedback effects. Furthermore, when the average tributary WUE surpassed 1.06, it was sustained for 1 to 2 months, accompanied by a marked increase in the mainstream’s WUE. Significant positive indirect cumulative effects were observed for LAI (0.27), total vegetation GPP (0.1875), ET (0.345), and soil moisture content (0.419). The results emphasize the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models in simulating ecological parameters within the mainstream of the TRB. This study advances the knowledge of ecosystem dynamics in arid environments and offers critical guidance for sustainable water resource management in the TRB and similar regions globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30Epub Date: 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100654
Attiqa Fiaz , Ghani Rahman , Hyun-Han Kwon
The South Asian monsoon is a critical climatic phenomenon that sustains the livelihoods of nearly two billion people, who rely on its rainfall for agriculture, water resources, and economic stability. In this context, this paper reviews the impact of climate change on this crucial system, focusing on its dynamics, variability, and future projections. Based on past studies, this study examines observed changes in rainfall during the second half of the 20th century and compares these changes with model projections for the 21st century. The findings suggest that ocean-land temperature gradients, atmospheric circulation, and regional topography interact intricately to influence monsoon behavior. Rising global temperatures are expected to enhance total rainfall due to increased atmospheric moisture, but concerns remain about the potential weakening of monsoon circulation. This raises the critical question of how the projected increase in atmospheric moisture will impact overall rainfall patterns, including intensity, duration, and timing. Another key finding is the role of aerosols in monsoon variability, leading to the question of how aerosol emissions might influence the variability and dynamics of the South Asian monsoon and how these impacts compare to those of greenhouse gases. Given the current limitations in climate models, observational networks, and data analysis, substantial improvements are needed for more accurate future projections of monsoon variability, particularly in terms of monsoon circulation and extreme weather events. Addressing these challenges will be crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on the South Asian monsoon and to ensure resilience and sustainability in agriculture, water resources, and the regional economy.
{"title":"Impacts of climate change on the South Asian monsoon: A comprehensive review of its variability and future projections","authors":"Attiqa Fiaz , Ghani Rahman , Hyun-Han Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The South Asian monsoon is a critical climatic phenomenon that sustains the livelihoods of nearly two billion people, who rely on its rainfall for agriculture, water resources, and economic stability. In this context, this paper reviews the impact of climate change on this crucial system, focusing on its dynamics, variability, and future projections. Based on past studies, this study examines observed changes in rainfall during the second half of the 20th century and compares these changes with model projections for the 21st century. The findings suggest that ocean-land temperature gradients, atmospheric circulation, and regional topography interact intricately to influence monsoon behavior. Rising global temperatures are expected to enhance total rainfall due to increased atmospheric moisture, but concerns remain about the potential weakening of monsoon circulation. This raises the critical question of how the projected increase in atmospheric moisture will impact overall rainfall patterns, including intensity, duration, and timing. Another key finding is the role of aerosols in monsoon variability, leading to the question of how aerosol emissions might influence the variability and dynamics of the South Asian monsoon and how these impacts compare to those of greenhouse gases. Given the current limitations in climate models, observational networks, and data analysis, substantial improvements are needed for more accurate future projections of monsoon variability, particularly in terms of monsoon circulation and extreme weather events. Addressing these challenges will be crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on the South Asian monsoon and to ensure resilience and sustainability in agriculture, water resources, and the regional economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30Epub Date: 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100655
Xiaodong Ming , Qiuhua Liang , Jinghua Jiang
The last few years have witnessed a series of catastrophic urban flood events across the world. This type of extreme events has become more frequent due to climate change. Numerical modelling provides an indispensable means to support flood risk assessment and management. Simulation of the highly transient flood dynamics induced by intense rainfall requires the use of high-resolution hydrodynamic models. Accurate flood prediction needs proper representation of infiltration and drainage processes in complex urban environments, which requires high-quality soil and drainage data that are not widely available. This paper considers these challenges and explores practical approaches to integrate a high-performance hydrodynamic model with high-resolution topography data and crowd-sourced flood observations to address data gaps and support real-time simulation of urban flooding. The model is applied to reproduce a real-world flood event in the 400 km2 Tyneside metropolitan region in the UK at a 2 m resolution, with solution accuracy confirmed by crowd-sourced data. Different simulation strategies are implemented to reflect the impact of infiltration and drainage on surface flooding. It is demonstrated that infiltration and drainage capacity may be considered using conceptualised mass loss parameters, which produces better results than direct reduction to the rainfall rate. Such an approach offers a practical solution to support high-resolution urban flood modelling in large cities, particularly when essential drainage and soil data are not available.
{"title":"Large-scale high-resolution hydrodynamic modelling of urban floods: Some practical considerations","authors":"Xiaodong Ming , Qiuhua Liang , Jinghua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jher.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The last few years have witnessed a series of catastrophic urban flood events across the world. This type of extreme events has become more frequent due to climate change. Numerical modelling provides an indispensable means to support flood risk assessment and management. Simulation of the highly transient flood dynamics induced by intense rainfall requires the use of high-resolution hydrodynamic models. Accurate flood prediction needs proper representation of infiltration and drainage processes in complex urban environments, which requires high-quality soil and drainage data that are not widely available. This paper considers these challenges and explores practical approaches to integrate a high-performance hydrodynamic model with high-resolution topography data and crowd-sourced flood observations to address data gaps and support real-time simulation of urban flooding. The model is applied to reproduce a real-world flood event in the 400 km<sup>2</sup> Tyneside metropolitan region in the UK at a 2 m resolution, with solution accuracy confirmed by crowd-sourced data. Different simulation strategies are implemented to reflect the impact of infiltration and drainage on surface flooding. It is demonstrated that infiltration and drainage capacity may be considered using conceptualised mass loss parameters, which produces better results than direct reduction to the rainfall rate. Such an approach offers a practical solution to support high-resolution urban flood modelling in large cities, particularly when essential drainage and soil data are not available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydro-environment Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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