Journal of Hydro-environment Research最新文献_第2页

Bypassing efficiency evaluation and optimization of sediment bypass tunnel operation in a narrow reservoir using 1D numerical modelling 基于一维数值模拟的窄带水库泥沙绕行隧道运行效率评价与优化

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100668

Sudesh Dahal, Robert M. Boes, Frederic M. Evers, Ismail Albayrak, David F. Vetsch

Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) are hydraulic structures designed to mitigate reservoir sedimentation, mainly used in Switzerland, Japan, and Taiwan. The SBT efficiency depends on multiple factors including the incoming sediment yield, SBT inlet location, reservoir water level, and the timing of SBT operation relative to a flood event. To evaluate bypassing efficiency and optimize SBT operation, a methodology is developed to integrate sediment bypassing processes in a 1D numerical model for simulating the sedimentation dynamics under varying hydraulic conditions. The well-monitored case of the Solis reservoir in Switzerland with SBT operation serves as a good basis for this study. After calibrating and validating the model with the field data, three different categories of SBT operation scenarios are studied for a 5-year flood event: i) no SBT operation, ii) the effect of reservoir water level during SBT operation, and iii) the optimum duration of SBT operation. The simulations reveal that SBT operation is highly effective in reducing the amount of sedimentation by 89% compared to no SBT operation. This equals to the prevention of a 9% loss in active storage volume. However, the SBT efficiency is highly sensitive to reservoir operation. A maximum efficiency is achieved at a lower reservoir water level below the minimum operating level for energy generation, while it also releases higher sediment concentrations to the downstream reach. Furthermore, a longer duration of SBT operation increases the bypassing efficiency and minimizes the loss of active storage volume but goes along with a reduction in hydropower generation. Thus, a comparison of net benefits for different scenarios is suggested to derive an optimal SBT operation mode for similar situations. Overall, the applied methodology serves as a useful basis for evaluating and optimising the sediment management efficiency of SBTs and can thus contribute to improving the sustainable operation of reservoirs.

泥沙绕道隧道（sbt）是一种旨在缓解水库沉积的水工结构，主要用于瑞士、日本和台湾。SBT效率取决于多种因素，包括来水产沙量、SBT入口位置、水库水位以及与洪水事件相关的SBT运行时间。为了评估旁路效率和优化SBT操作，开发了一种将沉积物旁路过程整合到一维数值模型中的方法，以模拟不同水力条件下的沉积动力学。瑞士Solis油藏的SBT监测为本研究提供了良好的基础。利用实测资料对模型进行了标定和验证，研究了某5年洪涝事件下SBT不运行、SBT运行时水库水位的影响和SBT运行的最佳持续时间。模拟结果表明，与不使用SBT相比，SBT操作可以有效地减少89%的沉降量。这相当于防止9%的活动存储卷损失。然而，SBT效率对储层运行非常敏感。当水库水位低于发电的最低运行水位时，效率达到最高，同时也向下游河段释放了较高的沉积物浓度。此外，更长的SBT运行时间增加了旁路效率，并将主动存储容量的损失降至最低，但同时也减少了水力发电量。因此，建议对不同情况下的净效益进行比较，以得出类似情况下的最佳SBT运行模式。总体而言，应用的方法可作为评价和优化SBTs沉积物管理效率的有用基础，从而有助于改善水库的可持续运行。

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引用次数: 0

The characterization and prediction of the indirect cumulative effects on ecological indicators in arid watersheds 干旱区流域生态指标间接累积效应的表征与预测

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100670

Jing Wang , Guotao Dong , Lianqing Xue , Chenguang Xiang

The stability of ecosystems fundamentally depends on dynamic and mutualistic relationships among various ecological processes. However, comprehensive insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of these processes, particularly their cumulative effects in space, remain insufficiently developed. This study systematically analyzed key ecological indicators in the arid Tarim River Basin (TRB) of northwestern China from 2000 to 2020. Key ecological indicators analyzed included Leaf Area Index (LAI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET), and Water Use Efficiency (WUE), collected through remote sensing, field observations, and model prediction. The results revealed the dynamic interactions between surface ecological factors and soil indicators, emphasizing the influence of ecological-hydrological relationships on water resource management and overall ecosystem health. The influences of tributaries on the mainstream occurred within a 20 to 150-day time lag, presenting both positive and negative feedback effects. Furthermore, when the average tributary WUE surpassed 1.06, it was sustained for 1 to 2 months, accompanied by a marked increase in the mainstream’s WUE. Significant positive indirect cumulative effects were observed for LAI (0.27), total vegetation GPP (0.1875), ET (0.345), and soil moisture content (0.419). The results emphasize the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models in simulating ecological parameters within the mainstream of the TRB. This study advances the knowledge of ecosystem dynamics in arid environments and offers critical guidance for sustainable water resource management in the TRB and similar regions globally.

生态系统的稳定性从根本上取决于各种生态过程之间的动态和互惠关系。然而，对这些过程的时空动态，特别是它们在空间上的累积效应的全面认识仍然不够充分。本文对2000 - 2020年塔里木河干旱区主要生态指标进行了系统分析。分析的主要生态指标包括叶面积指数（LAI）、总初级生产力（GPP）、蒸散发（ET）和水分利用效率（WUE），这些指标通过遥感、野外观测和模型预测收集。结果揭示了地表生态因子与土壤指标之间的动态相互作用，强调了生态水文关系对水资源管理和整体生态系统健康的影响。支流对干流的影响发生在20 ~ 150天的滞后时间内，呈现出正负反馈效应。当平均支流水分利用效率超过1.06时，持续1 ~ 2个月，主流水分利用效率显著提高。LAI（0.27）、植被总GPP（0.1875）、ET（0.345）和土壤含水量（0.419）均存在显著的间接累积效应。结果强调了多元线性回归模型在模拟TRB主流生态参数方面的有效性。该研究提高了对干旱环境生态系统动力学的认识，为TRB和全球类似地区的可持续水资源管理提供了重要指导。

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引用次数: 0

Streamflow forecasting in ungauged basins with CNN-LSTM and radar-based precipitation CNN-LSTM和雷达降水在未测量流域的流量预报

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100666

Jeonghun Lee , Eun-Sung Chung , Soohyun Kim , Dongkyun Kim

Predicting high-resolution streamflow in ungauged basins remains a fundamental challenge in hydrology. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel dual-stream CNN-LSTM architecture that separately processes dynamic meteorological inputs and static watershed characteristics to capture complex spatiotemporal hydrological processes. The model was evaluated across 35 natural watersheds in South Korea using 1 km resolution radar-based precipitation and watershed data at 10-minute intervals. Our approach achieved a mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.59 (±0.12), significantly outperforming both non-CNN and lumped baseline models. Flow regime analysis revealed consistent improvements across all flow conditions, though challenges in peak flow prediction remain. Water balance analysis demonstrated improved physical consistency compared to lumped model. Statistical analysis identified hydrological variability as the primary performance-limiting factor, while input sensitivity testing confirmed flow accumulation raster data as the most critical spatial variable. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrated that the model can capture fundamental hydrological processes and physically plausible spatial runoff patterns, even without being given explicit information about the underlying physical phenomena.

在未测量的盆地中预测高分辨率的水流仍然是水文学的一个基本挑战。本研究通过开发一种新的双流CNN-LSTM架构来解决这一挑战，该架构分别处理动态气象输入和静态流域特征，以捕获复杂的时空水文过程。利用基于1公里分辨率雷达的降水和流域数据，以10分钟为间隔，对韩国35个天然流域的模型进行了评估。我们的方法实现了0.59（±0.12）的平均Nash-Sutcliffe效率，显著优于非cnn和集总基线模型。流态分析显示，尽管在峰值流量预测方面仍然存在挑战，但在所有流动条件下都有一致的改善。水平衡分析表明，与集总模型相比，物理一致性得到了改善。统计分析发现水文变异是主要的性能限制因素，而输入灵敏度测试证实流量累积栅格数据是最关键的空间变量。通过对照实验，我们证明该模型可以捕捉基本的水文过程和物理上合理的空间径流模式，即使没有提供关于潜在物理现象的明确信息。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic interrogation area optimization in large-scale particle image velocimetry using information entropy 基于信息熵的大尺度粒子图像测速系统讯问区域优化

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100665

Hao-Che Ho, Cheng-Wei Wu, Yen-Cheng Lin

This study introduces an Information Entropy-based method for determining optimal Interrogation Area (IA) size in Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), a crucial factor for enhancing non-contact surface flow measurement accuracy. By analyzing entropy in particle images across variable IA sizes, we assessed 48 synthetic and 2 experimental flow scenarios. The method demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving Vector Correlation Coefficients up to 1.916 and Root Mean Square Errors as low as 1.113 and 2.444 pixels/frame in synthetic cases, and accuracy rates of 90.89% and 97.23% in experimental cases, rivaling traditional empirical approaches. Incorporation of surrounding pixel intensity data resulted in a 48–52% improvement in particle information quantification. Expanding the range of IA sizes from 5 to 8 significantly reduced measurement errors to below 0.7 and 1.0 pixels/frame. These findings suggest that the Information Entropy method offers a robust framework for systematic optimization of IA selection in LSPIV, promising enhanced measurement accuracy through further refinement of convergence criteria and noise reduction techniques.

本文介绍了一种基于信息熵的方法来确定大尺度粒子图像测速（LSPIV）中最优审问区（IA）的大小，这是提高非接触面流量测量精度的关键因素。通过分析不同IA尺寸的颗粒图像的熵，我们评估了48种合成流动场景和2种实验流动场景。该方法具有较好的精度，在合成情况下，向量相关系数高达1.916，均方根误差低至1.113和2.444像素/帧，在实验情况下，准确率分别达到90.89%和97.23%，与传统的经验方法相比较。结合周围像素强度数据，粒子信息量化提高48-52%。将IA尺寸范围从5扩展到8显着降低了测量误差至0.7和1.0像素/帧以下。这些发现表明，信息熵方法为LSPIV中IA选择的系统优化提供了一个强大的框架，有望通过进一步改进收敛准则和降噪技术来提高测量精度。

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引用次数: 0

Large-scale high-resolution hydrodynamic modelling of urban floods: Some practical considerations 城市洪水的大尺度高分辨率水动力模拟：一些实际考虑

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100655

Xiaodong Ming , Qiuhua Liang , Jinghua Jiang

The last few years have witnessed a series of catastrophic urban flood events across the world. This type of extreme events has become more frequent due to climate change. Numerical modelling provides an indispensable means to support flood risk assessment and management. Simulation of the highly transient flood dynamics induced by intense rainfall requires the use of high-resolution hydrodynamic models. Accurate flood prediction needs proper representation of infiltration and drainage processes in complex urban environments, which requires high-quality soil and drainage data that are not widely available. This paper considers these challenges and explores practical approaches to integrate a high-performance hydrodynamic model with high-resolution topography data and crowd-sourced flood observations to address data gaps and support real-time simulation of urban flooding. The model is applied to reproduce a real-world flood event in the 400 km² Tyneside metropolitan region in the UK at a 2 m resolution, with solution accuracy confirmed by crowd-sourced data. Different simulation strategies are implemented to reflect the impact of infiltration and drainage on surface flooding. It is demonstrated that infiltration and drainage capacity may be considered using conceptualised mass loss parameters, which produces better results than direct reduction to the rainfall rate. Such an approach offers a practical solution to support high-resolution urban flood modelling in large cities, particularly when essential drainage and soil data are not available.

过去几年，世界各地发生了一系列灾难性的城市洪水事件。由于气候变化，这类极端事件变得更加频繁。数值模拟为支持洪水风险评估和管理提供了不可或缺的手段。强降雨引起的高瞬态洪水动力学的模拟需要使用高分辨率的水动力模型。准确的洪水预测需要在复杂的城市环境中适当地表示入渗和排水过程，这需要高质量的土壤和排水数据，而这些数据并不能广泛获得。本文考虑了这些挑战，并探索了将高性能水动力模型与高分辨率地形数据和众包洪水观测相结合的实用方法，以解决数据缺口并支持城市洪水的实时模拟。该模型被应用于在400平方公里的英国泰恩赛德大都会区以2米分辨率重现真实世界的洪水事件，其解决方案的准确性得到了众包数据的证实。采用不同的模拟策略来反映入渗和排水对地表洪水的影响。研究表明，采用概念化的质量损失参数来考虑入渗和排水能力，比直接减少降雨量产生更好的结果。这种方法为支持大城市的高分辨率城市洪水建模提供了一种实用的解决方案，特别是在没有必要的排水和土壤数据的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of climate change on the South Asian monsoon: A comprehensive review of its variability and future projections 气候变化对南亚季风的影响：对其变率和未来预测的全面回顾

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100654

Attiqa Fiaz , Ghani Rahman , Hyun-Han Kwon

The South Asian monsoon is a critical climatic phenomenon that sustains the livelihoods of nearly two billion people, who rely on its rainfall for agriculture, water resources, and economic stability. In this context, this paper reviews the impact of climate change on this crucial system, focusing on its dynamics, variability, and future projections. Based on past studies, this study examines observed changes in rainfall during the second half of the 20th century and compares these changes with model projections for the 21st century. The findings suggest that ocean-land temperature gradients, atmospheric circulation, and regional topography interact intricately to influence monsoon behavior. Rising global temperatures are expected to enhance total rainfall due to increased atmospheric moisture, but concerns remain about the potential weakening of monsoon circulation. This raises the critical question of how the projected increase in atmospheric moisture will impact overall rainfall patterns, including intensity, duration, and timing. Another key finding is the role of aerosols in monsoon variability, leading to the question of how aerosol emissions might influence the variability and dynamics of the South Asian monsoon and how these impacts compare to those of greenhouse gases. Given the current limitations in climate models, observational networks, and data analysis, substantial improvements are needed for more accurate future projections of monsoon variability, particularly in terms of monsoon circulation and extreme weather events. Addressing these challenges will be crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on the South Asian monsoon and to ensure resilience and sustainability in agriculture, water resources, and the regional economy.

南亚季风是一种重要的气候现象，维持着近20亿人的生计，他们的农业、水资源和经济稳定都依赖于南亚季风的降雨。在此背景下，本文回顾了气候变化对这一关键系统的影响，重点关注其动态、变率和未来预测。在过去研究的基础上，本研究考察了20世纪下半叶观测到的降雨变化，并将这些变化与模式预估的21世纪进行了比较。研究结果表明，海洋-陆地温度梯度、大气环流和区域地形复杂地相互作用，影响季风行为。由于大气湿度增加，全球气温上升预计将增加总降雨量，但人们仍然担心季风环流可能减弱。这就提出了一个关键问题，即预计的大气湿度增加将如何影响整体降雨模式，包括强度、持续时间和时间。另一个重要发现是气溶胶在季风变异性中的作用，这导致了气溶胶排放如何影响南亚季风的变异性和动力学以及这些影响与温室气体的影响相比如何的问题。鉴于目前气候模式、观测网络和数据分析的局限性，需要进行实质性的改进，以便更准确地预测季风变率，特别是在季风环流和极端天气事件方面。应对这些挑战对于制定有效的适应战略至关重要，以减轻气候变化对南亚季风的影响，并确保农业、水资源和区域经济的复原力和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Potential for tube fishways to pass salmon upstream over high dams 管状鱼道有可能让鲑鱼越过高坝逆流而上

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2024.12.001

William L. Peirson, John H. Harris

Disrupted freshwater fish migrations following river fragmentation by dams has been a major factor in internationally declining freshwater fish populations. High dams (>20 m) can eliminate upstream fish passage into extensive upper waterway networks, significantly reducing the habitats available to native species. Restoring upstream fish passage past high dams has proved extremely difficult and costly. Further, a major weakness of conventional fishways has been their design around fish of particular size and swimming ability. The tube fishway was developed with the overarching ambitions of restoring upstream passage for fish communities over high structures, with initial work focussed on slower-swimming species. Slatick’s (1970) studies of mature, upstream migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Sockeye salmon (O. nerka), Coho salmon (O. kisutch), and Steelhead (i.e. Rainbow) trout (O. mykiss) are reprocessed to demonstrate strong attraction into pipes. Log-normal forms reasonably represent his entrance-time distributions. More than half of the observed fish entered 0.6 m diameter horizontal pipes and 0.9 m entrance cones within 48 s. These results have significant implications for the application of tube fishways for endangered large salmonids. Extending Slatick’s work, this contribution quantifies potential upstream passage rates for large Chinook salmon based on a conceptual tube fishway design for a representative high Columbia River dam. Projections of tube fishway performance compare favourably with conventional fishways presently used on the Columbia system. Thereby, the tube fishway offers prospect of improved restoration of upstream passage and native fish access to extensive regions of catchments internationally that embrace both salmonid and non-salmonid species.

水坝造成的河流破碎破坏了淡水鱼的洄游，这是国际淡水鱼种群数量下降的主要因素。高水坝（20米）可以消除上游鱼类进入广泛的上游水道网络，大大减少了本地物种的栖息地。恢复上游经过高坝的鱼类通道被证明是极其困难和昂贵的。此外，传统鱼道的一个主要弱点是它们是围绕特定尺寸和游泳能力的鱼设计的。管状鱼道的开发是为了恢复鱼类群落在高结构上的上游通道，最初的工作重点是游泳速度较慢的物种。斯拉蒂克（1970）对成熟的上游洄游奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）、红鲑鱼（O. nerka）、Coho salmon （O. kisutch）和Steelhead（即Rainbow） trout （O. mykiss）的研究进行了重新处理，以证明它们对管道的强烈吸引力。对数正态形式合理地表示了他的入口时间分布。超过一半的观察鱼在48秒内进入直径0.6米的水平管和直径0.9米的入口锥。这些结果对管道式鱼道在濒危大型鲑科鱼类中的应用具有重要意义。扩展斯拉蒂克的工作，这一贡献量化了大型奇努克鲑鱼的潜在上游通过率，基于一个具有代表性的哥伦比亚河高坝的概念性管状鱼道设计。管形鱼道性能的预测与目前在哥伦比亚系统上使用的传统鱼道相比较有利。因此，管状鱼道提供了改善上游通道和本地鱼类进入国际上广泛的集水区的前景，包括鲑科和非鲑科物种。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and temporal variations in temperature and precipitation trends in South Korea over the past half-century (1974–2023) using innovative trend analysis 利用创新趋势分析法分析过去半个世纪（1974-2023 年）韩国气温和降水趋势的空间和时间变化

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2024.11.002

Ghani Rahman , Jin-Young Kim , Tae-Woong Kim , Moonhyung Park , Hyun-Han Kwon

This study analyzed temperature and precipitation from 60 meteorological stations during a half-century (1974–2023) using the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) to explore the spatial and temporal trends across South Korea. The ITA illustrated the trends graphically, and the Mann-Kendall (MK) test added statistical significance to these findings, allowing us to better understand climate changes over the past five decades. The ITA analysis showed a statistically significant monotonic warming trend in temperature at nearly all of the stations. While annual and seasonal changes were found to be substantial, the most relative increases were reported during the spring and summer months. There were quite clear spatial and seasonal differences in precipitation trends. The Han River and Jeju Island areas showed significant increases in precipitation during summer and autumn, which may be associated with intensified monsoonal activity. Our findings revealed a consistent warming signal in all regions and significant regional climate variability. The observed temperature increases, especially in the spring season, are likely to have significant impacts on crop yield and altered growing season due to increased heat stress, increased water demand for various activities affecting water resources, heightened risks to public health from heatwaves and broader impacts on societal well-being such as increased energy demands as well as economic costs associated with climate adaptation measures. The complex precipitation patterns revealed the influence of regional topography and oceanic drivers in modulating climate variability in South Korea, which differs from patterns seen in more continental regimes.

这项研究利用创新趋势分析法（ITA）分析了 60 个气象站在半个世纪（1974-2023 年）内的气温和降水量，以探索韩国各地的空间和时间趋势。创新趋势分析（ITA）以图表说明了这些趋势，Mann-Kendall（MK）检验为这些发现增加了统计意义，使我们能够更好地了解过去五十年的气候变化。ITA 分析表明，几乎所有站点的气温在统计意义上都呈单调上升趋势。虽然年度和季节变化都很大，但春季和夏季的相对增幅最大。降水趋势存在明显的空间和季节差异。汉江和济州岛地区的降水量在夏季和秋季显著增加，这可能与季风活动加强有关。我们的研究结果表明，所有地区都出现了一致的变暖信号，而且区域气候变异显著。观测到的气温升高，尤其是春季气温升高，可能会对作物产量产生重大影响，并由于热应力增加、影响水资源的各种活动对水的需求增加、热浪对公众健康的风险增加以及对社会福祉的更广泛影响（如能源需求增加以及与气候适应措施相关的经济成本增加）而改变生长季节。复杂的降水模式揭示了区域地形和海洋驱动因素在调节韩国气候变异性方面的影响，这与大陆性气候模式不同。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic energy budgets of triple-components in a cylinder wake 圆柱体尾流中三重分量的动能预算

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2024.11.001

Kwanho Ree , Jin Hwan Hwang

The velocity fields of wakes after a cylinder were disintegrated using a conventional triple decomposition method to investigate the kinetic energy transfer mechanism among the mean flow, unsteady wave, and turbulence. Two-dimensional and two-component (2D-2C) velocity fields were measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a rectangular cross-section water tunnel. For analysis, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was applied to the velocity fields, and it was found that the combination of its first two modes constructs the unsteady coherent motion – in other words, wavelike motion within the cylinder wake. The investigation of the kinetic energy budget also revealed that the dissipation in the regime of coherent motion is negligible, as it is in wave propagation, unlike in the regime of turbulence. Furthermore, the turbulence energy produced by coherent waves was significantly smaller than the wave or turbulence energy directly produced by mean flow. Lastly, in conjunction with the kinetic energy budget, the momentum equation can explain the large deformations of mean velocity in more detail. As a result, the importance of negative production and energy transport has been highlighted.

采用传统的三重分解法对圆柱体后的湍流速度场进行了分解，以研究平均流、不稳定波和湍流之间的动能传递机制。在矩形截面水洞中使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）测量了二维和双分量（2D-2C）速度场。为了进行分析，对速度场进行了适当的正交分解（POD），结果发现其前两个模式的组合构建了非稳态相干运动--换句话说，即圆柱体尾流内的波状运动。对动能预算的研究还发现，在相干运动状态下的耗散可以忽略不计，这与波的传播状态一样，与湍流状态不同。此外，相干波产生的湍流能明显小于平均流直接产生的波或湍流能。最后，结合动能预算，动量方程可以更详细地解释平均速度的大变形。因此，负能量产生和能量传输的重要性得到了强调。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of submergence of sacrificial piles on local scour reduction at a bridge pier under U-type debris jam conditions U 型泥石流堵塞条件下牺牲桩沉入水中对减少桥墩局部冲刷的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2024.10.003

Subodh Guragain , Norio Tanaka

A group of non-submerged sacrificial piles placed in front of a bridge pier have a propensity to trap a significant volume of floating debris during river floods, which affects their effectiveness as a scour countermeasure. This problem can be avoided by using short piles such that the tips of the piles lie below the free water surface, also known as submerged piles. However, it will cause the floating debris to accumulate at the pier itself. The current study attempts to ascertain whether or not such trapping of debris with submerged piles is preferable to that by emergent piles from the perspective of local scour protection of the bridge pier. Laboratory flume tests were conducted under uniform, subcritical, steady, and clear-water flow conditions. The ideal submergence value was ascertained by examining submerged sacrificial piles with varying spans (or lengths) with respect to the flow depth. The local scour reduction efficacy of these submerged piles was then compared with non-submerged piles, first without and subsequently with U-type (horseshoe-shaped) debris jams. Results revealed that submerged sacrificial piles spanning 50–60 % of the flow depth provide optimum protection to the pier against local scour, and this was slightly higher than that offered by emergent piles in an identical layout. In addition, submerged sacrificial piles with ideal submergence protected the pier better against local scour than emergent piles under U-type debris jam conditions.

放置在桥墩前的一组非沉没式牺牲桩在河水泛滥时容易吸附大量漂浮物，从而影响其作为冲刷对策的效果。使用短桩（也称为沉桩）可避免这一问题，即桩尖位于自由水面以下。不过，这会导致漂浮物在码头本身堆积。目前的研究试图从桥墩局部冲刷保护的角度，确定沉没桩对碎石的这种截留是否优于浮出桩。实验室水槽试验是在均匀、亚临界、稳定和清水流动条件下进行的。通过检测与水流深度相关的不同跨度（或长度）的沉没牺牲桩，确定了理想的沉没值。然后，将这些沉没桩与非沉没桩（先是无沉没桩，后是 U 型（马蹄形）碎石坝）的局部冲刷减少效果进行比较。结果表明，沉入水下的牺牲桩占水流深度的 50-60%，可为码头提供最佳保护，防止局部冲刷，其效果略高于相同布局下的浮出桩。此外，在 U 型泥石流堵塞条件下，具有理想沉没度的沉没式牺牲桩比冒出式桩能更好地保护码头免受局部冲刷。

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引用次数: 0