Abstract This paper innovatively proposes an artificial knee joint customization design scheme based on modular wearable sensors. It aims to solve the compatibility and security problem of wearable devices for different individual knee joints. The method consists of two main parts: measurement and customization. A wearable sensor with three joints is proposed and analyzed. The sensor can measure the kinematic characteristics of human knee joints to obtain the customized design parameters of artificial joints. Designed a bionic four-link knee joint, and the parameters of the connecting rod were optimized by a genetic algorithm based on the measured data. In particular, the measuring device and knee joint are designed in a modular way, and they can be used on the same platform. The modular design method can be used to customize joints for different individuals, which simplifies the difficulty of customization and effectively reduces the cost. After the modular knee joint's optimized design, this paper mainly conducted a number of comparative tests. The comparative test results of three joints show that the dynamic tracking accuracy of customized joints is 54.9% higher than that of ordinary joints and 70.5% higher than that of hinge joints. The results show that personalized customization for individuals can improve human-machine coupling performance.
{"title":"A Novel Design Method for the Knee Joint of the Exoskeleton Based On the Modular Wearable Sensor","authors":"Jian Cao, Chang Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Kexiang Li, Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063672","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper innovatively proposes an artificial knee joint customization design scheme based on modular wearable sensors. It aims to solve the compatibility and security problem of wearable devices for different individual knee joints. The method consists of two main parts: measurement and customization. A wearable sensor with three joints is proposed and analyzed. The sensor can measure the kinematic characteristics of human knee joints to obtain the customized design parameters of artificial joints. Designed a bionic four-link knee joint, and the parameters of the connecting rod were optimized by a genetic algorithm based on the measured data. In particular, the measuring device and knee joint are designed in a modular way, and they can be used on the same platform. The modular design method can be used to customize joints for different individuals, which simplifies the difficulty of customization and effectively reduces the cost. After the modular knee joint's optimized design, this paper mainly conducted a number of comparative tests. The comparative test results of three joints show that the dynamic tracking accuracy of customized joints is 54.9% higher than that of ordinary joints and 70.5% higher than that of hinge joints. The results show that personalized customization for individuals can improve human-machine coupling performance.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxiao Li, Jiaqi Yang, Patrick Chernjavsky, Katerina Angjeli, Yang Liu, Yihao Zheng
Abstract Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a minimally invasive procedure to remove the calcified atherosclerotic plaque from arteries to restore blood flow. It uses a high-speed, metal-bonded diamond abrasive grinding wheel to pulverize the calcified plaque into absorbable debris via a catheter through the artery. Although RA has been clinically used for over two decades, procedural complications persist and there remains a lack of consensus on the optimal device parameters. This study aims to investigate RA material removal rate (MRR) with respect to grinding wheel sizes and rotational speeds based on a tissue-mimicking phantom. Three grinding wheel sizes, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mm in diameter, and three rotational speeds, 120,000, 150,000, and 180,000 rpm, were investigated. The RA MRR was presented as the luminal area gain and measured by microscopy and image processing. The results show the increase of the grinding wheel size or rotational speed leads to a higher MRR and luminal gain in RA. With a 1.75 mm diameter grinding wheel rotating at 180,000 rpm in a 2 mm initial diameter lumen, the max MRR and the luminal gain are 2.49 mm2/(three passes) and 5.09 mm2, respectively. The MRR decreases as the number of grinding passes increases during RA with the same grinding wheel rotating at a constant speed. This study provides a thorough understanding of the wheel size and speed effects on RA MRR for improvements in RA devices and clinical operational guidelines.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Calcified Plaque Material Removal Rate in Coronary Rotational Atherectomy","authors":"Xinxiao Li, Jiaqi Yang, Patrick Chernjavsky, Katerina Angjeli, Yang Liu, Yihao Zheng","doi":"10.1115/1.4063671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063671","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a minimally invasive procedure to remove the calcified atherosclerotic plaque from arteries to restore blood flow. It uses a high-speed, metal-bonded diamond abrasive grinding wheel to pulverize the calcified plaque into absorbable debris via a catheter through the artery. Although RA has been clinically used for over two decades, procedural complications persist and there remains a lack of consensus on the optimal device parameters. This study aims to investigate RA material removal rate (MRR) with respect to grinding wheel sizes and rotational speeds based on a tissue-mimicking phantom. Three grinding wheel sizes, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mm in diameter, and three rotational speeds, 120,000, 150,000, and 180,000 rpm, were investigated. The RA MRR was presented as the luminal area gain and measured by microscopy and image processing. The results show the increase of the grinding wheel size or rotational speed leads to a higher MRR and luminal gain in RA. With a 1.75 mm diameter grinding wheel rotating at 180,000 rpm in a 2 mm initial diameter lumen, the max MRR and the luminal gain are 2.49 mm2/(three passes) and 5.09 mm2, respectively. The MRR decreases as the number of grinding passes increases during RA with the same grinding wheel rotating at a constant speed. This study provides a thorough understanding of the wheel size and speed effects on RA MRR for improvements in RA devices and clinical operational guidelines.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muh Anshar, Erni Marlina, Yossy Yoanita, Muhammad Ruslin, Dewiani Djamaluddin, Muhammad Arsyad Thaha, Muhammad Rusman, Andi Sitti Hajrah Yusuf
Abstract The present study aimed to report a novel developed technology for disinfecting pathogens in aerosols produced by dental health applications. The proposed method was integrated into a disinfection room installed inside an extraoral dental aerosol suction system. The experimental phase was designed to measure the application of the system during dental care management. These experiments assessed the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in disinfecting captured microorganisms. The results showed that the system reduced the quantity and coverage area of harmful splatters and aerosols by ~50%. Future studies should verify the effectiveness of the approach for measuring the temperature inside the disinfection room and the number of pathogens, including coronavirus, that remains after the disinfection process.
{"title":"Assessment of a Novel Application of the Capture-Trap-Terminate Approach for Treating Aerosol Products During Dental Procedures","authors":"Muh Anshar, Erni Marlina, Yossy Yoanita, Muhammad Ruslin, Dewiani Djamaluddin, Muhammad Arsyad Thaha, Muhammad Rusman, Andi Sitti Hajrah Yusuf","doi":"10.1115/1.4063457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to report a novel developed technology for disinfecting pathogens in aerosols produced by dental health applications. The proposed method was integrated into a disinfection room installed inside an extraoral dental aerosol suction system. The experimental phase was designed to measure the application of the system during dental care management. These experiments assessed the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in disinfecting captured microorganisms. The results showed that the system reduced the quantity and coverage area of harmful splatters and aerosols by ~50%. Future studies should verify the effectiveness of the approach for measuring the temperature inside the disinfection room and the number of pathogens, including coronavirus, that remains after the disinfection process.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burr hole trepanation is a surgical procedure in which one or more small holes, or trephines, are made in the skull to allow for the drainage of fluids or to relieve pressure within the skull. Burr hole trepanation is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for conditions such as brain abscesses and subdural hematomas. However, the bone defects must be closed after the surgery with a suitable implant. Current designs are mostly based on bone plates with limited lifetime, revision access, and low aesthetic. Within this study, a new type of cranial implant is proposed made using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The implant is anchored in the burr hole and does not penetrate the skull space or prominate the skull. Four different types of implants have been proposed on the basis of an analytical model and verified using finite element analysis (FEA). New push-in mechanical tests are introduced using artificial bone to determine the strength of the locking mechanisms and ensure the safety of implants. The burr-hole implant with an overlap on the bone surface after implantation was proven to be the safest solution. The design of the new cranial implant can significantly improve the aesthetic outcome after surgery and minimize invasiveness in reoperations.
{"title":"Development And Mechanical Testing Of Implant For Cranial Reconstruction After Burr Hole Trepanation","authors":"Julia Bodnarova, Adam Kratochvil, Matej Daniel","doi":"10.1115/1.4063344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063344","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Burr hole trepanation is a surgical procedure in which one or more small holes, or trephines, are made in the skull to allow for the drainage of fluids or to relieve pressure within the skull. Burr hole trepanation is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for conditions such as brain abscesses and subdural hematomas. However, the bone defects must be closed after the surgery with a suitable implant. Current designs are mostly based on bone plates with limited lifetime, revision access, and low aesthetic. Within this study, a new type of cranial implant is proposed made using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The implant is anchored in the burr hole and does not penetrate the skull space or prominate the skull. Four different types of implants have been proposed on the basis of an analytical model and verified using finite element analysis (FEA). New push-in mechanical tests are introduced using artificial bone to determine the strength of the locking mechanisms and ensure the safety of implants. The burr-hole implant with an overlap on the bone surface after implantation was proven to be the safest solution. The design of the new cranial implant can significantly improve the aesthetic outcome after surgery and minimize invasiveness in reoperations.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although laparoscopy has revolutionized modern medicine, its training remains long and complex due to reduced haptic feedback and loss of depth perception. Training also poses an ethical challenge when performed on living patients, and access to cadavers is becoming rare and difficult. In the early 2000s, medical simulators began to appear to help mitigate these problems: virtual reality simulators (VRS) and physical reality simulators (PRS). Current VRS can provide guidance and performance evaluation with fewer instructors but are expensive and bulky. PRS, on the other hand, are less expensive, compact and offer haptic feedback through real physical interactions with mockup objects. However, they require guidance from an instructor, and cannot provide objective assessment or complex and realistic surgical scenarios. This paper assesses the potential of a VRS based on magneto-rheological (MR) actuators that could offer the haptic capabilities of current VRS with the size envelopes of PRS. Technical specifications for a laparoscopic VRS are extracted from the literature, a prototype is built and evaluated experimentally. In addition, three simulation scenarios are built and presented to surgeons to confirm simulation capabilities. In its current form, the MR-powered prototype is shown to meet targeted functional specifications but future work is needed to reduce friction, reduce size, and optimize packaging.
{"title":"Preliminary Assessment of a Laparoscopic Training System Using Magneto-Rheological Clutches and Virtual Reality","authors":"Bruno-Pier Busque, Louis-Philippe Lebel, Yves Collin, Jean-Sébastien Plante","doi":"10.1115/1.4063389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although laparoscopy has revolutionized modern medicine, its training remains long and complex due to reduced haptic feedback and loss of depth perception. Training also poses an ethical challenge when performed on living patients, and access to cadavers is becoming rare and difficult. In the early 2000s, medical simulators began to appear to help mitigate these problems: virtual reality simulators (VRS) and physical reality simulators (PRS). Current VRS can provide guidance and performance evaluation with fewer instructors but are expensive and bulky. PRS, on the other hand, are less expensive, compact and offer haptic feedback through real physical interactions with mockup objects. However, they require guidance from an instructor, and cannot provide objective assessment or complex and realistic surgical scenarios. This paper assesses the potential of a VRS based on magneto-rheological (MR) actuators that could offer the haptic capabilities of current VRS with the size envelopes of PRS. Technical specifications for a laparoscopic VRS are extracted from the literature, a prototype is built and evaluated experimentally. In addition, three simulation scenarios are built and presented to surgeons to confirm simulation capabilities. In its current form, the MR-powered prototype is shown to meet targeted functional specifications but future work is needed to reduce friction, reduce size, and optimize packaging.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1115/1.4062863
Megan A Jamiolkowski, Madelyn D Golding, Richard A Malinauskas, Qijin Lu
The results of in vitro dynamic thrombogenicity testing of biomaterials and medical devices can be significantly impacted by test conditions. To develop and standardize a robust dynamic in vitro thrombogenicity tool, the key test parameters need to be appropriately evaluated and optimized. We used a flow loop test system previously developed in our laboratory to investigate the effects of sample length and the number of samples per test loop on the thrombogenicity results. Porcine blood heparinized to a donor-specific target concentration was recirculated at room temperature through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing loops containing test materials for 1 h at 200 mL/min. Four test materials (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), latex, PVC, and silicone) with various thrombotic potentials in two sample lengths (12 and 18 cm) were examined. For the 12-cm long materials, two different test configurations (one and two samples per loop) were compared. Thrombogenicity was assessed through percent thrombus surface coverage, thrombus weight, and platelet count reduction in the blood. The test system was able to effectively differentiate the thrombogenicity profile of the materials (latex > silicone > PVC ≥ PTFE) at all test configurations. Increasing test sample length by 50% did not significantly impact the test results as both 12 and 18 cm sample lengths were shown to equally differentiate thrombotic potentials between the materials. The addition of a second test sample to each loop did not increase the test sensitivity and may produce confounding results, and thus a single test sample per loop is recommended.
{"title":"In Vitro Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials in a Dynamic Flow Loop: Effects of Length and Quantity of Test Samples.","authors":"Megan A Jamiolkowski, Madelyn D Golding, Richard A Malinauskas, Qijin Lu","doi":"10.1115/1.4062863","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4062863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of in vitro dynamic thrombogenicity testing of biomaterials and medical devices can be significantly impacted by test conditions. To develop and standardize a robust dynamic in vitro thrombogenicity tool, the key test parameters need to be appropriately evaluated and optimized. We used a flow loop test system previously developed in our laboratory to investigate the effects of sample length and the number of samples per test loop on the thrombogenicity results. Porcine blood heparinized to a donor-specific target concentration was recirculated at room temperature through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing loops containing test materials for 1 h at 200 mL/min. Four test materials (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), latex, PVC, and silicone) with various thrombotic potentials in two sample lengths (12 and 18 cm) were examined. For the 12-cm long materials, two different test configurations (one and two samples per loop) were compared. Thrombogenicity was assessed through percent thrombus surface coverage, thrombus weight, and platelet count reduction in the blood. The test system was able to effectively differentiate the thrombogenicity profile of the materials (latex > silicone > PVC ≥ PTFE) at all test configurations. Increasing test sample length by 50% did not significantly impact the test results as both 12 and 18 cm sample lengths were shown to equally differentiate thrombotic potentials between the materials. The addition of a second test sample to each loop did not increase the test sensitivity and may produce confounding results, and thus a single test sample per loop is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10405281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study proposes a novel model that establishes the relationship between the bending moment and the curvature of a steerable catheter. The catheters exhibit a nonlinear viscoelastic tendency, so the moment-curvature relationship is modeled as a bending of a quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) cantilever beam. Stress relaxation tests with multiple magnitudes are performed on a catheter, and the parameter tuning is carried out with the test results to find out the coefficients of the model. The form of the instantaneous moment response, which is an important term within the QLV equation, is selected as a logarithmic form by analyzing the test results. This differentiates the accuracy of the model from using the commonly used exponential form. The performance of the logarithmic QLV model is compared to the conventional models by checking the curvature range each model can cover with a certain accuracy. The covering range for elastic, linear viscoelastic, and exponential QLV models are 22.1%, 64.4%, and 55.5%, respectively, whereas the covering range of the logarithmic QLV model is 100%.
{"title":"A Novel Quasilinear Viscoelastic Model of the Bending of a Steerable Catheter","authors":"Jajun Ryu, Jung-Hwa Ahn, Hwa-Young Kim","doi":"10.1115/1.4063215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study proposes a novel model that establishes the relationship between the bending moment and the curvature of a steerable catheter. The catheters exhibit a nonlinear viscoelastic tendency, so the moment-curvature relationship is modeled as a bending of a quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) cantilever beam. Stress relaxation tests with multiple magnitudes are performed on a catheter, and the parameter tuning is carried out with the test results to find out the coefficients of the model. The form of the instantaneous moment response, which is an important term within the QLV equation, is selected as a logarithmic form by analyzing the test results. This differentiates the accuracy of the model from using the commonly used exponential form. The performance of the logarithmic QLV model is compared to the conventional models by checking the curvature range each model can cover with a certain accuracy. The covering range for elastic, linear viscoelastic, and exponential QLV models are 22.1%, 64.4%, and 55.5%, respectively, whereas the covering range of the logarithmic QLV model is 100%.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn R Marusich, N. Harel, Matthew D. Johnson, Paul Rothweiler, A. Erdman
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for several neurological disorders including Parkinson's Disease, Essential tremor, and Epilepsy. The neurosurgical procedure involves implanting a lead of electrodes to a deep brain target and thereafter electrically stimulating that target to suppress symptoms. To reduce the probability of intracranial bleeding during implantation, neurosurgeons carefully plan out a patient-specific lead trajectory that avoids passing the lead through regions with major blood vessels. This process can be tedious, and there is a need to provide neurosurgeons with a more efficient and quantitative means to identify major blood vessels on a patient specific basis. Here, we developed a modular graphical user interface (GUI) containing anatomically segmented digital reconstructions of patient vasculature, cortex, and deep brain target anatomy from preoperative high-field (3T and 7T) MRI. The system prompts users to identify the deep brain target, and then algorithmically calculates a log-scale blood vessel density along the length of potential lead trajectories that pivot around the deep brain target. Heatmaps highlighting regions with low blood vessel density were calculated for cortical and subcortical vasculature models. The modeling framework enabled users to further interact with the models by panning, rotating, zooming, showing, or hiding the various anatomical reconstructions and heatmaps. Providing surgeons with quantitative, patient specific vasculature data has potential to further reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage events during microelectrode mapping and DBS lead implantation.
{"title":"Trajectory Planning Software for Deep Brain Stimulation Driven by Patient Specific Data","authors":"Kathryn R Marusich, N. Harel, Matthew D. Johnson, Paul Rothweiler, A. Erdman","doi":"10.1115/1.4063142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for several neurological disorders including Parkinson's Disease, Essential tremor, and Epilepsy. The neurosurgical procedure involves implanting a lead of electrodes to a deep brain target and thereafter electrically stimulating that target to suppress symptoms. To reduce the probability of intracranial bleeding during implantation, neurosurgeons carefully plan out a patient-specific lead trajectory that avoids passing the lead through regions with major blood vessels. This process can be tedious, and there is a need to provide neurosurgeons with a more efficient and quantitative means to identify major blood vessels on a patient specific basis. Here, we developed a modular graphical user interface (GUI) containing anatomically segmented digital reconstructions of patient vasculature, cortex, and deep brain target anatomy from preoperative high-field (3T and 7T) MRI. The system prompts users to identify the deep brain target, and then algorithmically calculates a log-scale blood vessel density along the length of potential lead trajectories that pivot around the deep brain target. Heatmaps highlighting regions with low blood vessel density were calculated for cortical and subcortical vasculature models. The modeling framework enabled users to further interact with the models by panning, rotating, zooming, showing, or hiding the various anatomical reconstructions and heatmaps. Providing surgeons with quantitative, patient specific vasculature data has potential to further reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage events during microelectrode mapping and DBS lead implantation.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42334249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pasaguayo, Z. Al Masry, Sergio Lescano, N. Zerhouni
This review article provides an overview of some challenges that arise when developing new medical robotic microgrippers. The main challenges are due to miniaturization and are present in the manufacturing and assembly processes, the types of mechanisms, the biomaterials used, the actuation principles, and the compliance with some standards and regulations. The main medical fields where these microgrippers are used are in MIS and biomedical applications. Therefore, taking these two large groups into account, this review presents a microgrippers classification according to the type of mechanism used (traditional rigid-body mechanisms and complaint mechanisms). Moreover, parameters such as applications, functionalities, DOF, sizes, range of motion, biomaterial used, and proposed methods are highlighted. In total, the analysis of 21 microgrippers among commercial and developed by research institutes is presented.
{"title":"Surgical Microgrippers: A Survey And Analysis","authors":"L. Pasaguayo, Z. Al Masry, Sergio Lescano, N. Zerhouni","doi":"10.1115/1.4062950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062950","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This review article provides an overview of some challenges that arise when developing new medical robotic microgrippers. The main challenges are due to miniaturization and are present in the manufacturing and assembly processes, the types of mechanisms, the biomaterials used, the actuation principles, and the compliance with some standards and regulations. The main medical fields where these microgrippers are used are in MIS and biomedical applications. Therefore, taking these two large groups into account, this review presents a microgrippers classification according to the type of mechanism used (traditional rigid-body mechanisms and complaint mechanisms). Moreover, parameters such as applications, functionalities, DOF, sizes, range of motion, biomaterial used, and proposed methods are highlighted. In total, the analysis of 21 microgrippers among commercial and developed by research institutes is presented.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study details the concept, design, and mechanical testing results of a novel dual-stiffness ankle-foot orthosis (DS-AFO). The DS-AFO utilizes two separate stiffness elements (rear struts) to yield an AFO with low stiffness properties about the ankle in the sagittal plane at small dorsiflexion angles, and higher stiffness at larger dorsiflexion angles. The motivation behind This DS-AFO follow from the existence of similar moment-angle (stiffness) properties of the healthy human ankle during walking, referred to as dual-stiffness natural ankle quasi-stiffness (DS-NAS). Crucial to the design of the DS-AFO is the ability to adjust both the stiffness and the dorsiflexion angle at which the net stiffness increases, referred to as the activation angle. Three different DS-AFO stiffness configurations were tested, each with three different activation angles, along with a standard single strut/stiffness AFO configuration. The DS-AFO was able to achieve distinct regions of low and high stiffness at every configuration. Additionally, altering the activation angle by ±1° generally did not result in different stiffness properties. This work is a step forward in AFOs with complex stiffness properties that can better approximate the mechanics of a healthy human ankle.
{"title":"Design And Mechanical Testing Of A Novel Dual-Stiffness Ankle-Foot Orthosis","authors":"Luke Nigro, E. Arch","doi":"10.1115/1.4062864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062864","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study details the concept, design, and mechanical testing results of a novel dual-stiffness ankle-foot orthosis (DS-AFO). The DS-AFO utilizes two separate stiffness elements (rear struts) to yield an AFO with low stiffness properties about the ankle in the sagittal plane at small dorsiflexion angles, and higher stiffness at larger dorsiflexion angles. The motivation behind This DS-AFO follow from the existence of similar moment-angle (stiffness) properties of the healthy human ankle during walking, referred to as dual-stiffness natural ankle quasi-stiffness (DS-NAS). Crucial to the design of the DS-AFO is the ability to adjust both the stiffness and the dorsiflexion angle at which the net stiffness increases, referred to as the activation angle. Three different DS-AFO stiffness configurations were tested, each with three different activation angles, along with a standard single strut/stiffness AFO configuration. The DS-AFO was able to achieve distinct regions of low and high stiffness at every configuration. Additionally, altering the activation angle by ±1° generally did not result in different stiffness properties. This work is a step forward in AFOs with complex stiffness properties that can better approximate the mechanics of a healthy human ankle.","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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