Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003
A.V. Adrianov , A.S. Maiorova
A new species of semnoderid kinorhynchs, Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. collected from oxidized brown silt on the steep slope of the deepest depression in the Sea of Japan, Northwestern Pacific, is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. This new representative of the family Semnoderidae is characterized by the structure of the first trunk segment consisting of externally closed cuticular ring with indistinct intracuticular tergosternal junctions. Cuticular ring of the first trunk segment is with deep and narrow middorsal incision and much broader midventral incision filled by large midventral placid. Acicular lateroventral spines on trunk segments 3–9. Lateroventral accessory spines are minute, only on trunk segment 5. Trunk segment 10 with acicular spines in laterodorsal position in female and in midlateral position in male. S. japonicus sp. nov. constitutes the first bathial species of this family and the first species of Semnoderidae in the Sea of Japan.
{"title":"Sphenoderes japonicus sp. nov. – The first deep water representative of the family Semnoderidae (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) in the sea of Japan","authors":"A.V. Adrianov , A.S. Maiorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new species of semnoderid kinorhynchs, <em>Sphenoderes japonicus</em> sp. nov. collected from oxidized brown silt on the steep slope of the deepest depression in the Sea of Japan, Northwestern Pacific, is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. This new representative of the family Semnoderidae is characterized by the structure of the first trunk segment consisting of externally closed cuticular ring with indistinct intracuticular tergosternal junctions. Cuticular ring of the first trunk segment is with deep and narrow middorsal incision and much broader midventral incision filled by large midventral placid. Acicular lateroventral spines on trunk segments 3–9. Lateroventral accessory spines are minute, only on trunk segment 5. Trunk segment 10 with acicular spines in laterodorsal position in female and in midlateral position in male. <em>S. japonicus</em> sp. nov. constitutes the first bathial species of this family and the first species of Semnoderidae in the Sea of Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.005
Yun-Ling Ke, Fei Ye, Zhi-Qiang Li
The genus Peribulbitermes is a small genus in Nasutitermitinae comprising three species distributed only in China. Type specimens of Peribulbitermes dinghuensis Li, 1985 and Peribulbitermes jinghongensis Li, 1985 are obtained in our study. After examining the morphological characters of the specimens, it is found that P. jinghongensis cannot be differentiated from P. dinghuensis by the diagnostic characters reported in original description. We propose that P. jinghongensis is the junior synonym of P. dinghuensis. Additionally, molecular phylogenetic relationships of Peribulbitermes, with its morphologically similar genera, Bulbitermes, Ahmaditermes and Nasutitermes, as well as other nine genera in Nasutitermes Group of Nasutitermitinae were analysed based on mitochondrial COI, COII and 16S rRNA genes. The results show that the relationship between Peribulbitermes and Ahmaditermes is the closest. Peribulbitermes should be downgraded to synonymy of Ahmaditermes. P. dinghuensis and Peribulbitermes parafulvus (Tsai and Chen, 1963) should be transferred to Ahmaditermes as Ahmaditermes dinghuensis and Ahmaditermes parafulvus.
{"title":"Revision of the Chinese termite genus Peribulbitermes (Blattodea, Isoptera, Termitidae): A new synonym of Ahmaditermes","authors":"Yun-Ling Ke, Fei Ye, Zhi-Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Peribulbitermes</em> is a small genus in Nasutitermitinae comprising three species distributed only in China. Type specimens of <em>Peribulbitermes dinghuensis</em> Li, 1985 and <em>Peribulbitermes jinghongensis</em> Li, 1985 are obtained in our study. After examining the morphological characters of the specimens, it is found that <em>P. jinghongensis</em> cannot be differentiated from <em>P. dinghuensis</em> by the diagnostic characters reported in original description. We propose that <em>P. jinghongensis</em> is the junior synonym of <em>P. dinghuensis</em>. Additionally, molecular phylogenetic relationships of <em>Peribulbitermes</em>, with its morphologically similar genera, <em>Bulbitermes</em>, <em>Ahmaditermes</em> and <em>Nasutitermes</em>, as well as other nine genera in <em>Nasutitermes</em> Group of Nasutitermitinae were analysed based on mitochondrial COI, COII and 16S rRNA genes. The results show that the relationship between <em>Peribulbitermes</em> and <em>Ahmaditermes</em> is the closest. <em>Peribulbitermes</em> should be downgraded to synonymy of <em>Ahmaditermes</em>. <em>P. dinghuensis</em> and <em>Peribulbitermes parafulvus</em> (Tsai and Chen, 1963) should be transferred to <em>Ahmaditermes</em> as <em>Ahmaditermes dinghuensis</em> and <em>Ahmaditermes parafulvus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.002
Luccas Gabriel Ferreira Malta, Maurício Roberto Viana Sant'anna, Marcos Horário Pereira, Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo
The insect digestive system is divided into three sections: the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. Specific subdivisions and modifications in these regions can characterize distinct insect groups, representing apomorphies. Since only females of hematophagous insects from nematoceran Diptera feed on blood, nearly all studies have focused on specimens of this sex, often neglecting the studies on the males’ internal anatomy. In our studies of Lower Diptera (Nematocera) (Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823), we observed differences in midgut morphology between males and females. In hematophagous species, within both Culicomorpha and Psychodomorpha, females exhibit a prominent dilation in the posterior midgut. In contrast, in Culicomorpha males only a slight dilation in the posterior region of the midgut was observed. For Psychodomorpha males, the midgut remained tubular and narrow throughout its length. Interestingly, in the non-hematophagous insect Clogmia albipunctata Williston, 1893 (Diptera: Psychodidae) both males and females possess a tubular and narrow midgut. Our showed that the observed differences are related to hematophagy, where all hematophagous females have a midgut with prominent posterior dilation, while females from non-hematophagous species have a narrowed midgut. These observations, if further validated, could significantly impact future studies in insect physiology and evolutionary biology, inspiring new research directions and methodologies.
{"title":"A brief look at sexual dimorphism in the midgut morphology of lower Diptera and its implications for hematophagy","authors":"Luccas Gabriel Ferreira Malta, Maurício Roberto Viana Sant'anna, Marcos Horário Pereira, Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insect digestive system is divided into three sections: the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. Specific subdivisions and modifications in these regions can characterize distinct insect groups, representing apomorphies. Since only females of hematophagous insects from nematoceran Diptera feed on blood, nearly all studies have focused on specimens of this sex, often neglecting the studies on the males’ internal anatomy. In our studies of Lower Diptera (Nematocera) (<em>Lutzomyia longipalpis</em> Lutz & Neiva, 1912, <em>Aedes aegypti</em> Linnaeus, 1762, and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> Say, 1823), we observed differences in midgut morphology between males and females. In hematophagous species, within both Culicomorpha and Psychodomorpha, females exhibit a prominent dilation in the posterior midgut. In contrast, in Culicomorpha males only a slight dilation in the posterior region of the midgut was observed. For Psychodomorpha males, the midgut remained tubular and narrow throughout its length. Interestingly, in the non-hematophagous insect <em>Clogmia albipunctata</em> Williston, 1893 (Diptera: Psychodidae) both males and females possess a tubular and narrow midgut. Our showed that the observed differences are related to hematophagy, where all hematophagous females have a midgut with prominent posterior dilation, while females from non-hematophagous species have a narrowed midgut. These observations, if further validated, could significantly impact future studies in insect physiology and evolutionary biology, inspiring new research directions and methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.001
Florencia M. Pucheta , Cecilia Kopuchian , Adrián S. Di Giacomo , Mariana Bulgarella , Luciano D. Patitucci
Bird parasitism by Philornis flies imposes negative selection pressures on avian hosts. Philornis species are known to attack many threatened and non-threatened bird species in the Neotropics. The Saffron-cowled Blackbird (Xanthopsar flavus Gmelin, 1788) is an endangered South American grassland species in decline due to habitat loss. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first report of parasitism of X. flavus by two Philornis species, Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 and a new species. We described the new species from larvae, puparia, and adults collected from parasitized X. flavus nests and nestlings. We identified P. downsi from puparia collected directly from nests. We named the new species Philornis aguapey sp. nov., identified integrating morphological and molecular data. We compared fly morphology and proposed new characters to distinguish P. aguapey sp. nov. from other recognized species. We presented data on Philornis prevalence within the breeding range of X. flavus in Argentina. Our morphological and molecular approach to identifying Philornis species highlighted the taxonomic challenges of this genus, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches for species identification. Philornis parasitism of X. flavus, mainly in Corrientes province, raises concerns about its potential additive impact on this already endangered bird population. Nothing is known of the effects of this fly parasitism on development and mortality of X. flavus nestlings. Taxonomic gaps and inconsistencies exist in the genus Philornis, especially at its southern distribution, where information remains scarce. Thus, we encourage further research to address some of the knowledge gaps in this host-parasite system.
Philornis蝇对鸟类的寄生给鸟类宿主带来了负面的选择压力。据了解，Philornis种类会攻击新热带地区许多濒危和非濒危鸟类。红花腹黑鸟（Xanthopsar flavus Gmelin，1788 年）是南美洲草原上的一种濒危鸟类，由于栖息地丧失而数量减少。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了两种 Philornis（Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968）和一个新物种寄生于 X. flavus。我们从寄生于黄曲霉巢穴和雏鸟的幼虫、蛹和成虫中描述了这一新种。我们从直接从巢中采集的蛹中鉴定出了 P. downsi。我们将新种命名为Philornis aguapey sp.我们比较了苍蝇的形态，并提出了新的特征，以区分 P. aguapey sp.我们提供了阿根廷黄曲霉繁殖范围内Philornis的流行数据。我们用形态学和分子方法鉴定Philornis物种，突出了该属在分类学上的挑战，强调了用综合方法鉴定物种的必要性。Philornis主要在科连特斯省寄生于X. flavus，这引起了人们对其对这一已经濒临灭绝的鸟类种群的潜在附加影响的担忧。这种苍蝇寄生对黄翅雏鸟的发育和死亡率的影响尚不清楚。Philornis属的分类存在空白和不一致，特别是在其南部分布区，相关信息仍然很少。因此，我们鼓励开展进一步研究，以填补这一寄主-寄生虫系统中的一些知识空白。
{"title":"First record of Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) parasitizing the threatened Saffron-cowled Blackbird in South America with a description of a new Philornis species","authors":"Florencia M. Pucheta , Cecilia Kopuchian , Adrián S. Di Giacomo , Mariana Bulgarella , Luciano D. Patitucci","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bird parasitism by <em>Philornis</em> flies imposes negative selection pressures on avian hosts. <em>Philornis</em> species are known to attack many threatened and non-threatened bird species in the Neotropics. The Saffron-cowled Blackbird (<em>Xanthopsar flavus</em> Gmelin, 1788) is an endangered South American grassland species in decline due to habitat loss. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first report of parasitism of <em>X. flavus</em> by two <em>Philornis</em> species, <em>Philornis downsi</em> Dodge & Aitken, 1968 and a new species. We described the new species from larvae, puparia, and adults collected from parasitized <em>X. flavus</em> nests and nestlings. We identified <em>P. downsi</em> from puparia collected directly from nests. We named the new species <em>Philornis aguapey</em> sp. nov., identified integrating morphological and molecular data. We compared fly morphology and proposed new characters to distinguish <em>P. aguapey</em> sp. nov. from other recognized species. We presented data on <em>Philornis</em> prevalence within the breeding range of <em>X. flavus</em> in Argentina. Our morphological and molecular approach to identifying <em>Philornis</em> species highlighted the taxonomic challenges of this genus, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches for species identification. <em>Philornis</em> parasitism of <em>X. flavus</em>, mainly in Corrientes province, raises concerns about its potential additive impact on this already endangered bird population. Nothing is known of the effects of this fly parasitism on development and mortality of <em>X. flavus</em> nestlings. Taxonomic gaps and inconsistencies exist in the genus <em>Philornis</em>, especially at its southern distribution, where information remains scarce. Thus, we encourage further research to address some of the knowledge gaps in this host-parasite system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.003
Emanuela Solano , Riccardo Castiglia , Giovanni Amori , Giulia Gentile , Sandro Bertolino , Dario Capizzi , Petra Kranebitter , Eva Ladurner , Luca Lapini , Paolo Colangelo
The genus Arvicola has a wide palearctic distribution and present two ecological forms – terrestrial and aquatic – characterizing the genus. In Europe two species are present: the most widespread, A. amphibius and A. italicus, endemic to Italy. The aim of the study was to describe the genetic structure and variability in A. italicus and the genetic identity of populations in northeast Italy, an area of biogeographic importance as contact zone for small mammal species.
Thirty-six Italian water voles, displaced in population from south to north of Italy, were analysed by two mitochondrial markers and 8 autosomal microsatellite loci. The phylogenetic analysis on the genus confirmed the presence of major groups mostly corresponding to the species and clades already described. About the Italian specimens, the individuals from one population in northeastern Italy resulted included in A. amphibius revealing the presence of this species in Italy and, in consequence, the possible presence of a putative contact zone between A. italicus and A. amphibius in the northeast. The phylogeny includes a second population from northeast Italy within A. amphibius, but in basal position and with a low support. The values of divergence of this lineage from A. italicus and A. amphibius lie on the threshold between intraspecific and interspecific divergence. Conversely, microsatellite data support a clear distinction between A. amphibius and A. italicus and includes the ambiguous mitochondrial lineage in this latter species. Furthermore, this northeastern population shows evidence of admixture of nuclear loci with the southcentral A. italicus populations, supporting the attribution of these specimens to A. italicus. This pattern could suggest that A. italicus in northeast Italy retained an ancestral haplotype and undergone a long period of isolation respect to the southern populations, without genetic exchange until recent times. Within A. italicus, the admixture shows northern population as the most differentiated showing limited evidence of admixture with the most diverse southcentral. The intraspecific diversity decreases from south to north as expected for an endemic small mammal in Italy. Finally, the low genetic diversity observed in the northern population can be challenging for a species as Arvicola living in fragmented habitats and susceptible to habitat loss; consequently, became important identifying suitable conservation measures for this barely known endemic small mammal.
Arvicola 属在南北美洲分布广泛，有两种生态形式--陆生和水生--是该属的特征。在欧洲有两个物种：分布最广的 A. amphibius 和意大利特有的 A. italicus。这项研究的目的是描述意大利水田鼠的遗传结构和变异性，以及意大利东北部种群的遗传特征，该地区是小型哺乳动物物种的接触区，具有重要的生物地理意义。对该属进行的系统发育分析证实了主要群体的存在，这些群体大多与已描述的物种和支系相对应。关于意大利标本，来自意大利东北部一个种群的个体被归入 A. amphibius，揭示了该物种在意大利的存在，因此，在意大利东北部可能存在 A. italicus 和 A. amphibius 之间的假定接触区。该系统发育将意大利东北部的第二个种群纳入到 A. amphibius 中，但该种群处于基部位置，支持率较低。该种群与意大利蛙和两栖蛙的分化值处于种内分化和种间分化的临界点上。相反，微卫星数据支持两栖蛙与意大利蛙之间的明确区分，并将后者中模糊的线粒体世系包括在内。此外，这个东北种群的核位点显示出与中南部 A. italicus 种群混杂的证据，支持将这些标本归入 A. italicus。这种模式可能表明，意大利东北部的 A. italicus 保留了一个祖先单倍型，与南部种群经历了很长一段时间的隔离，直到近代才进行基因交流。在 A. italicus 中，混杂情况表明北部种群的分化程度最高，与中南部种群混杂的证据有限。对于意大利特有的小型哺乳动物来说，种内多样性从南到北逐渐降低。最后，在北部种群中观察到的低遗传多样性对于像 Arvicola 这样生活在支离破碎的栖息地并容易受到栖息地丧失影响的物种来说具有挑战性；因此，为这种鲜为人知的特有小型哺乳动物确定合适的保护措施变得非常重要。
{"title":"Phylogeography and population genetics of the endemic Italian water voles, Arvicola italicus","authors":"Emanuela Solano , Riccardo Castiglia , Giovanni Amori , Giulia Gentile , Sandro Bertolino , Dario Capizzi , Petra Kranebitter , Eva Ladurner , Luca Lapini , Paolo Colangelo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Arvicola</em> has a wide palearctic distribution and present two ecological forms – terrestrial and aquatic – characterizing the genus. In Europe two species are present: the most widespread, <em>A. amphibius</em> and <em>A. italicus</em>, endemic to Italy. The aim of the study was to describe the genetic structure and variability in <em>A. italicus</em> and the genetic identity of populations in northeast Italy, an area of biogeographic importance as contact zone for small mammal species.</div><div>Thirty-six Italian water voles, displaced in population from south to north of Italy, were analysed by two mitochondrial markers and 8 autosomal microsatellite loci. The phylogenetic analysis on the genus confirmed the presence of major groups mostly corresponding to the species and clades already described. About the Italian specimens, the individuals from one population in northeastern Italy resulted included in <em>A. amphibius</em> revealing the presence of this species in Italy and, in consequence, the possible presence of a putative contact zone between <em>A. italicus</em> and <em>A. amphibius</em> in the northeast. The phylogeny includes a second population from northeast Italy within <em>A. amphibius</em>, but in basal position and with a low support. The values of divergence of this lineage from <em>A. italicus</em> and <em>A. amphibius</em> lie on the threshold between intraspecific and interspecific divergence. Conversely, microsatellite data support a clear distinction between <em>A. amphibius</em> and <em>A. italicus</em> and includes the ambiguous mitochondrial lineage in this latter species. Furthermore, this northeastern population shows evidence of admixture of nuclear loci with the southcentral <em>A. italicus</em> populations, supporting the attribution of these specimens to <em>A. italicus</em>. This pattern could suggest that <em>A. italicus</em> in northeast Italy retained an ancestral haplotype and undergone a long period of isolation respect to the southern populations, without genetic exchange until recent times. Within <em>A. italicus</em>, the admixture shows northern population as the most differentiated showing limited evidence of admixture with the most diverse southcentral. The intraspecific diversity decreases from south to north as expected for an endemic small mammal in Italy. Finally, the low genetic diversity observed in the northern population can be challenging for a species as <em>Arvicola</em> living in fragmented habitats and susceptible to habitat loss; consequently, became important identifying suitable conservation measures for this barely known endemic small mammal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.002
Olga Yurchenko , Elena Temereva
Knowledge of gametogenesis and structure of mature gametes is important for understanding the reproductive biology of a species under study. Among phoronids, Phoronis embryolabi is distinguished by a most unusual type of development: larval viviparity. In the present work, we characterize spermatogenesis in this species using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the development of male gametes occurs within the vasoperitoneal tissue. Early spermatocytes have a well-developed secretory apparatus comprising a Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi body, which is retained until the late spermatid stage, produces acrosome material, thick glycocalyx, and membrane vesicles that are presumably necessary for the elongation of initially small cells into filiform mature spermatozoa. The germ cells retain their connections with each other until the late spermatid stage. The mature sperm of P. embryolabi can be regarded as an introsperm, which is characteristic of species with internal fertilization. The structure of mature sperm differs from that of other phoronid species, whose sperm can be described in terms of the form and location of organelles. P. embryolabi sperm differs in the location of the acrosome, in the presence of a collar around the base of the flagellum, and due to the close attachment of the flagellum to the non-flagellar part of the cell. Due to this attachment, a mature P. embryolabi spermatozoon is probably able become an undulating cell capable of movement in the densely packed inner space of an animal. The filiform shape of the mature sperm is likely correlated with the specificity of the P. embryolabi reproductive strategy, i.e. viviparity of larvae, when thousands of embryos, larvae, germ cells, and cells of vasoperitoneal tissue occupy the body cavity; thus, the spermatozoon has to squeeze in narrow spaces.
{"title":"Spermatogenesis and unique spermatozoa in the viviparous phoronid Phoronis embryolabi","authors":"Olga Yurchenko , Elena Temereva","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of gametogenesis and structure of mature gametes is important for understanding the reproductive biology of a species under study. Among phoronids, <em>Phoronis embryolabi</em> is distinguished by a most unusual type of development: larval viviparity. In the present work, we characterize spermatogenesis in this species using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the development of male gametes occurs within the vasoperitoneal tissue. Early spermatocytes have a well-developed secretory apparatus comprising a Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi body, which is retained until the late spermatid stage, produces acrosome material, thick glycocalyx, and membrane vesicles that are presumably necessary for the elongation of initially small cells into filiform mature spermatozoa. The germ cells retain their connections with each other until the late spermatid stage. The mature sperm of <em>P. embryolabi</em> can be regarded as an introsperm, which is characteristic of species with internal fertilization. The structure of mature sperm differs from that of other phoronid species, whose sperm can be described in terms of the form and location of organelles. <em>P. embryolabi</em> sperm differs in the location of the acrosome, in the presence of a collar around the base of the flagellum, and due to the close attachment of the flagellum to the non-flagellar part of the cell. Due to this attachment, a mature <em>P. embryolabi</em> spermatozoon is probably able become an undulating cell capable of movement in the densely packed inner space of an animal. The filiform shape of the mature sperm is likely correlated with the specificity of the <em>P. embryolabi</em> reproductive strategy, i.e. viviparity of larvae, when thousands of embryos, larvae, germ cells, and cells of vasoperitoneal tissue occupy the body cavity; thus, the spermatozoon has to squeeze in narrow spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.08.008
Karine Schoeninger , Ana P.G.S. Wengrat , Juliana M. Silva-Freitas , Valmir A. Costa , Marcio L. Oliveira , Javier Torréns
Three new species of Neolirata Torréns & Heraty from Brazil are described, Neolirata kallainan. sp., Neolirata longiflabellatan. sp. and, Neolirata striatan. sp. We provide a morphological and molecular (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) characterization. We also provide a discussion focused on the placement and the relationship between Neolirata and the related genera in the Kapala clade using molecular data. Also, an update of the identification key for the species of Neolirata, images, and distribution maps for the species are provided.
我们描述了来自巴西的 Neolirata Torréns & Heraty 的三个新种：Neolirata kallaina n. sp.、Neolirata longiflabellata n. sp.和 Neolirata striata n. sp.，并提供了形态学和分子（线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I）特征。我们还利用分子数据重点讨论了 Neolirata 和相关属在 Kapala 支系中的位置和关系。此外，我们还提供了更新的 Neolirata 物种鉴定检索表、图像和物种分布图。
{"title":"New species of the neotropical genus Neolirata Torréns & Heraty (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae) in Brazil, with morphological diagnosis, molecular characterization, images, maps, and updating of the identification key","authors":"Karine Schoeninger , Ana P.G.S. Wengrat , Juliana M. Silva-Freitas , Valmir A. Costa , Marcio L. Oliveira , Javier Torréns","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new species of <em>Neolirata</em> Torréns & Heraty from Brazil are described, <em>Neolirata kallaina</em> <strong>n. sp.</strong>, <em>Neolirata longiflabellata</em> <strong>n. sp.</strong> and, <em>Neolirata striata</em> <strong>n. sp.</strong> We provide a morphological and molecular (mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I) characterization. We also provide a discussion focused on the placement and the relationship between <em>Neolirata</em> and the related genera in the <em>Kapala</em> clade using molecular data. Also, an update of the identification key for the species of <em>Neolirata</em>, images, and distribution maps for the species are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.001
Hiroshi Yamasaki , Martin V. Sørensen , Maikon Di Domenico
{"title":"Seventh international scalidophora workshop","authors":"Hiroshi Yamasaki , Martin V. Sørensen , Maikon Di Domenico","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present report provides an updated checklist of land and freshwater molluscs from Sifnos Island and, for the first time, from the nearby uninhabited islet Kitriani (Greece, Cyclades) with a critical review of available literature. Taxonomy, distribution, biogeographic issues, and the potential effect of human activities on these molluscs’ communities are discussed. New morphological data for some snail species are presented, particularly for the genera Limax Linnaeus, 1758; Xerocrassa Monterosato, 1892; Monacha Fitzinger, 1833; and Albinaria Vest, 1864. Finally, based on shell and genitalia morphology, a new subspecies - Albinaria turrita rosettae n. ssp. - is described.
本报告提供了一份最新的西弗诺斯岛陆地和淡水软体动物清单，并首次提供了附近无人居住的基特里亚尼岛（希腊，基克拉迪群岛）的陆地和淡水软体动物清单，同时对现有文献进行了严格审查。文章讨论了分类、分布、生物地理学问题以及人类活动对这些软体动物群落的潜在影响。研究还提供了一些蜗牛物种的新形态数据，特别是林奈（Limax Linnaeus）属（1758 年）、Xerocrassa Monterosato 属（1892 年）、Monacha Fitzinger 属（1833 年）和 Albinaria Vest 属（1864 年）。最后，根据贝壳和生殖器形态，描述了一个新的亚种--Albinaria turrita rosettae n. ssp.。
{"title":"New data on land and freshwater molluscs of Sifnos Island and Kitriani Islet (Cyclades, Greece)","authors":"Fabio Liberto , Mauro Grano , Cristina Cattaneo , Armando Gregorini , Mariastella Colomba","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present report provides an updated checklist of land and freshwater molluscs from Sifnos Island and, for the first time, from the nearby uninhabited islet Kitriani (Greece, Cyclades) with a critical review of available literature. Taxonomy, distribution, biogeographic issues, and the potential effect of human activities on these molluscs’ communities are discussed. New morphological data for some snail species are presented, particularly for the genera <em>Limax</em> Linnaeus, 1758; <em>Xerocrassa</em> Monterosato, 1892; <em>Monacha</em> Fitzinger, 1833; and <em>Albinaria</em> Vest, 1864. Finally, based on shell and genitalia morphology, a new subspecies - <em>Albinaria turrita rosettae</em> n. ssp. - is described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.010
Kristiaan Hoedemakers , Laith A. Jawad , Dmitriy V. Artemenkov , Alexander N. Benzik , Alexei M. Orlov
A large series of otoliths of 16 mesopelagic teleost fish species from the Irminger Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, are described morphologically to investigate the ontogenetic and intraspecific variation. The results show that the surface morphology of the otoliths between young and adult specimens is variable, especially in the alepocephaliform (Normichthys operosus, Sagamichthys schnakenbecki, Xenodermichthys copei) and astronesthine (Borostomias antarcticus) species. The diagnostic features of the otoliths can be used to confirm the identity of the species, especially in myctophids, where confusion between Benthosema glaciale and Myctophum punctatum may be possible. A SEM-based iconography of the otoliths of all studied species is presented.
{"title":"Otolith morphology of mesopelagic fishes collected from the Irminger Sea, North Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Kristiaan Hoedemakers , Laith A. Jawad , Dmitriy V. Artemenkov , Alexander N. Benzik , Alexei M. Orlov","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A large series of otoliths of 16 mesopelagic teleost fish species from the Irminger Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, are described morphologically to investigate the ontogenetic and intraspecific variation. The results show that the surface morphology of the otoliths between young and adult specimens is variable, especially in the alepocephaliform (<em>Normichthys operosus</em>, <em>Sagamichthys schnakenbecki</em>, <em>Xenodermichthys copei</em>) and astronesthine (<em>Borostomias antarcticus</em>) species. The diagnostic features of the otoliths can be used to confirm the identity of the species, especially in myctophids, where confusion between <em>Benthosema glaciale</em> and <em>Myctophum punctatum</em> may be possible. A SEM-based iconography of the otoliths of all studied species is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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