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A comparative morphological analysis of three mud crabs species (Scylla spp.) across two oceanic regions along the coastal waters of Thailand 泰国沿海两洋区三种泥蟹的比较形态学分析

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.006

Sofiyudin Maae , Pornpimon Chuaduangpui , Husneya Rensep , Payap Masniyom , Sitthisak Jantarat , Supaporn Saengkaew , Teuku Haris Iqbal , Sukree Hajisamae

This study aimed to investigate morphological variation within and between three Scylla species: Scylla olivacea, Scylla paramamosain, and Scylla tranquebarica. A total of 1175 mud crab specimens were collected from two distinct oceanic regions: the Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean). A comprehensive suite of 22 morphometric characters was meticulously measured on each individual using a digital vernier caliper to a precision of 0.01 mm. Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis (CDFA) was employed to explore patterns of phenotypic divergence across species and geographic regions. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and CDFA were utilized to assess intraspecific sexual dimorphism within each species. The findings of this study confirmed significant phenotypic variation among both male and female individuals of all three Scylla species. Furthermore, pronounced intraspecific sexual dimorphism was observed, with distinct morphological differences evident in 16 characters for S. olivacea, 14 for S. paramamosain, and 9 for S. tranquebarica. Moreover, populations of S. olivacea and S. paramamosain from the Pacific and Indian Oceans exhibited significant morphological differentiation. These results provide crucial insights into the morphological diversity of these economically important species and offer a valuable scientific foundation for future research and conservation efforts.

本研究旨在探讨三种Scylla: Scylla olivacea、Scylla paramamosain和Scylla tranquebarica的形态变异。从两个不同的海洋区域：泰国湾（太平洋）和安达曼海（印度洋）共收集了1175只泥蟹标本。使用数字游标卡尺对每个个体的22个形态特征进行了精确测量，精度为0.01毫米。采用典型判别函数分析（CDFA）探讨了不同物种和地理区域间的表型差异模式。此外，利用主成分分析（PCA）和CDFA来评估每个物种的种内两性二态性。本研究结果证实了三种Scylla的雄性和雌性个体之间存在显著的表型差异。此外，还观察到明显的种内两性二态性，其中橄榄葡萄有16个性状，paramamosain有14个性状，tranquebarica有9个性状存在明显的形态差异。此外，来自太平洋和印度洋的S. olivacea和S. paramamosain种群表现出明显的形态分化。这些结果为了解这些具有重要经济价值的物种的形态多样性提供了重要的见解，并为未来的研究和保护工作提供了宝贵的科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing new taxa and biogeographic patterns in shallow and deep-sea Marginellidae gastropods of the Southwestern Atlantic 揭示西南大西洋浅海和深海腹足纲新分类群和生物地理格局

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.002

Valeria Teso , Fabrizio Scarabino , Leonel Pacheco , Guido Pastorino

A comprehensive morphological analysis of Marginellidae species from shallow to deep waters off Uruguay and Argentina is presented, incorporating both traditional techniques and geometric morphometrics. Shell microstructure, radulae, protoconch, and penes are described and illustrated using SEM images. The effectiveness of geometric morphometrics in species discrimination is demonstrated. In the study area, the family includes nine living species-six of them new-distributed among four genera, including Pustinella gen. nov. These are Prunum martini, Prunum rubens, Prunum juancarlosi sp. nov., Volvarina warrenii, Volvarina castanea sp. nov., Volvarina acicularis sp. nov., Volvarina abyssalis sp. nov., Pustinella cymatilis gen. et sp. nov., and Pustinella felidamia gen. et sp. nov. These species are restricted to the Southwestern Atlantic, ranging from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Burdwood Bank (∼54°S), Argentina. Five of the new species inhabit exclusively deep waters, down to 2457 m, while the remaining four occur on the continental shelf. Additionally, two poorly known antarctic species, Marginella hyalina and Marginella ealesae are compared and included in Pustinella gen. nov. Lectotype is designed for Marginella fraterculus, a synonym of P. martini, and Marginella dozei is proposed as a new synonym of V. warrenii. Geographic and bathymetric distributions of all species are detailed based on field observations and museum records. Deep-sea species show patterns of aggregation influenced by specific marine currents, whereas shelf species correspond to the Argentine and Magellanic provinces.

对乌拉圭和阿根廷海域浅海到深水的边际鱼进行了全面的形态分析，结合了传统技术和几何形态计量学。壳的微观结构，孔洞，原海螺，和penes描述和说明使用扫描电镜图像。证明了几何形态计量学在物种识别中的有效性。在研究区，该科有9个现存种，其中6个为新种，分布于4个属，包括11月臭臭霉，马氏臭臭霉，鲁本臭臭霉，黄臭霉，华氏臭臭霉，castanea臭臭霉，acacularis臭臭霉，abyssalis臭臭霉，cymati臭臭霉，11月臭臭霉，felidamia臭臭霉，11月臭臭霉。至阿根廷的伯德伍德银行（~ 54°S）。其中五种新物种只生活在2457米深的深水中，而其余四种则生活在大陆架上。此外，将两个鲜为人知的南极种Marginella hyalina和Marginella ealesae进行了比较，并将其纳入了Pustinella gen. 11 .中。根据野外观察和博物馆记录，详细介绍了所有物种的地理和水深分布。深海物种显示出受特定洋流影响的聚集模式，而大陆架物种则对应于阿根廷和麦哲伦省。

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引用次数: 0

Four species of the genus Diacavolinia van der Spoel, 1987 (Gastropoda: Pteropoda: Cavoliniidae) new to India 1987年印度Diacavolinia van der Spoel属四种（腹足目：翼足目：cavoliniae）

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.004

Kiran Shah, P.M. Mohan

This study reports four species of the genus Diacavolinia, belonging to the family Cavoliniidae J. E. Gray, 1850 (1815) and the order Pteropoda Cuvier, 1804, newly recorded from India. The species are Diacavolinia deshayesi van der Spoel, Bleeker & Kobayasi, 1993; Diacavolinia grayi van der Spoel, Bleeker & Kobayasi, 1993; Diacavolinia mcgowani van der Spoel, Bleeker & Kobayasi, 1993 and Diacavolinia strangulata (Deshayes, 1823). These pteropod species were collected from sediment samples in the Nicobar Islands during the voyage of FORV Sagar Sampada (Cruise No. 292). This paper describes their identifying characteristics, morphometric measurements and distribution.

本文报道了新记录于印度的Cavoliniidae J. E. Gray（1850年）和Pteropoda Cuvier（1804年）的Diacavolinia属四种。该物种为Diacavolinia deshayesi van der spel， Bleeker &；Kobayasi, 1993;Diacavolinia grayi van der Spoel, Bleeker &；Kobayasi, 1993;Diacavolinia mcgowani van der Spoel, Bleeker &；Kobayasi， 1993和Diacavolinia strangulata （Deshayes, 1823）。这些翼足类动物是在FORV Sagar Sampada号（第292次航行）航行期间从尼科巴群岛的沉积物样本中收集的。本文介绍了它们的识别特征、形态计量测量和分布。

引用次数: 0

First record of Aegla leach, 1821 (Decapoda: Anomura) in drainages flowing into Iguaçu national park with description of two new species 1821年在流入伊瓜帕拉苏国家公园的水系中首次记录了伊瓜拉淋滤（十足目：反常目），并描述了两个新种

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.005

Tiago Arantes , Lucas Oliveira-Rogeri , Gabriel L. Bochini , Priscila S.R. Frazato , Lenice Souza-Shibatta , Fernando L. Mantelatto , Gustavo M. Teixeira

Iguaçu National Park, located in Brazil, although internationally recognized for its scenic waterfalls, remains vastly underexplored in terms of its freshwater invertebrate fauna. In this study, we report the first confirmed records of the freshwater crab genus Aegla Leach, 1821 (Decapoda: Anomura) in streams flowing into this protected area and describe two new species: Aegla naipi sp. nov. and Aegla taroba sp. nov. Our integrative approach, combining detailed morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses, reveals that these taxa represent a distinct lineage within the Aegla clade, reflecting complex patterns of endemism and historical isolation. Specimens were collected and preserved in alcohol, examined morphologically, and analyzed using COI and COII sequences with species delimitation methods. Both species show restricted distributions and exhibit diagnostic characters that differentiate them from all known congeners, emphasizing the neglected micro-endemism in the region. Our findings not only expand the known distribution of the genus Aegla but also draw attention to the urgent need for biodiversity assessments and conservation strategies focused on aquatic microhabitats in remnants of the Atlantic Forest.

位于巴西的伊瓜帕拉苏国家公园，虽然以其风景秀丽的瀑布而闻名于世，但就其淡水无脊椎动物动物群而言，仍未得到充分的开发。在本研究中，我们报告了1821年流入该保护区的淡水蟹属（十足目：异常目）的首次确认记录，并描述了两个新物种：Aegla naipi sp. 11和Aegla taroba sp. 11 .。我们的综合方法结合详细的形态比较和分子系统发育分析，揭示了这些分类群在Aegla分支中代表了一个独特的谱系，反映了复杂的地方性和历史隔离模式。收集标本并在酒精中保存，进行形态学检查，并使用COI和COII序列与物种划界方法进行分析。这两个物种的分布都很有限，并表现出与所有已知同系物不同的诊断特征，强调了该地区被忽视的微特有性。我们的发现不仅扩大了已知的Aegla属分布，而且引起了人们对大西洋森林遗迹中水生微生境的生物多样性评估和保护策略的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Taxonomy and systematics of Lepidodermella (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae): New species, new records, neotype designation and molecular data from Brazil 巴西鳞翅目鳞翅目的分类和系统：新种、新记录、新型命名和分子资料

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.001

Axell Kou Minowa , Kelly Fernanda Acosta Salgado , Sindy Cabarca , André Rinaldo Senna Garraffoni

Gastrotricha are key components of the meiofaunal communities in diverse aquatic environments worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, knowledge of their diversity remains limited, particularly in Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. This study examines the genus Lepidodermella Blake, 1933 in Brazil, designating a neotype for Lepidodermella broa Kisielewski, 1991 based on material collected from locus typicus, and describing a new species, Lepidodermella pirakitan sp. nov., from sampling sites in the state of Ceará and São Paulo. The new species is characterized by a distinctive cuticular armature, with geometrically shaped smooth scales covering the dorsal head, neck, and trunk, distinguishing it from other congeners. Molecular analyses of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes reassessed the phylogenetic position of Lepidodermella species, revealing that the monophyly of the genus was not supported. We also updated the dichotomous key for freshwater species of the genus, incorporating the newly described species and updated distributional data.

腹虫是世界上多种水生环境中小动物群落的重要组成部分。尽管它们无处不在，但对其多样性的认识仍然有限，特别是在新热带淡水生态系统中。本文研究了1933年在巴西发现的鳞片dermella Blake属，根据典型地收集的资料确定了1991年的鳞片dermella broa Kisielewski属的新种，并描述了在巴西塞埃尔州和圣保罗州取样点发现的鳞片dermella pirakitan sp. nov.。这个新物种的特点是有一个独特的表皮枢椎，几何形状的光滑鳞片覆盖在头部背部、颈部和躯干上，使其与其他同系物区别开来。核糖体和线粒体基因的分子分析重新评估了鳞翅目物种的系统发育位置，表明该属的单系性不被支持。我们还更新了该属淡水物种的二分类键，包括新描述的物种和更新的分布数据。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative taxonomy revealing microendemic species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) in streams draining Serra da Canastra, southeastern Brazil 巴西东南部Canastra山区溪流中Cambeva微特有种的综合分类研究（志留虫目：毛虫科）

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.07.003

Wilson J.E.M. Costa , Valter M. Azevedo-Santos , José Leonardo O. Mattos , Pedro L.C. Uzeda , Paulo J. Vilardo , Felipe P. Ottoni , Axel M. Katz

A large concentration of endemic trichomycterine catfish species has been recorded in mountainous regions of southeastern Brazil. The present study aims to investigate the taxonomic status of populations of the Cambeva variegata complex (CVC) in streams situated in a narrow strip between the Serra da Canastra and the right bank of the Rio Grande. Here we combined results of unilocus species delimitation analyses (GMYC, PTP, ASAP using CYTB, 1025 bp) with morphological data (external morphology and osteology). All analyses yielded identical results, delimiting four new species in the study area. The resulting tree topology indicated that the species from the study area do not form a monophyletic group. The new species were diagnostic by combinations of morphological characteristics, as well as unique nucleotide substitutions, besides occasionally, when possible, by unique morphological character states. The occurrence of four short-ranged species in neighbouring areas indicates a case of micro-endemism, which is of great importance for biodiversity conservation, since micro-endemic species are often more susceptible to extinction and at least three of these species occur in environments with clear signs of habitat degradation. Further studies are needed to precisely determine conditions and geographical extent of their habitats.

在巴西东南部的山区记录了大量的地方性毛癣鲶鱼。本研究旨在调查坎纳斯特拉山脉和格兰德河右岸之间狭长地带溪流中Cambeva variegata复合体（CVC）种群的分类状况。在这里，我们将单焦点物种划分分析结果（GMYC， PTP， ASAP使用CYTB， 1025 bp）与形态学数据（外部形态学和骨学）相结合。所有的分析都得出了相同的结果，在研究区域划定了四个新物种。结果表明，研究区内的物种不构成单系群。通过形态学特征的组合和独特的核苷酸替换，除了偶尔可能的独特形态学特征状态外，还可以诊断新种。在邻近地区出现的四种短距离物种表明了一种微型地方性物种，这对保护生物多样性非常重要，因为微型地方性物种往往更容易灭绝，而且这些物种中至少有三种出现在有明显生境退化迹象的环境中。需要进一步的研究来精确地确定它们栖息地的条件和地理范围。

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引用次数: 0

Milnesium (Tardigrada: Apochela) having elongated buccal tube from Mt. Yukikuradake (Toyama and Niigata prefecture, Japan) 产自日本富山和新泻县的有细长颊管的千禧年虫（缓步目：背肢目）

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.06.004

Kenta Sugiura , Atsushi C. Suzuki

The order Apochela (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) includes Milnesium and three monospecific genera Limmenius, Milnesioides, and Bergtrollus. These three genera have elongated buccal tubes and are found from limited areas in the world: Australia, New Zealand, and the Lyngen Alps in Norway, respectively. The existence of such milnesiids having elongated buccal tube in Japan was once reported at a conference but it has not been described further.

We found the undescribed species again in summer 2023. From a moss sample on the summit of Mt. Yukikuradake, we obtained milnesiid specimens having a narrow, elongated buccal tube. Although the morphological data corresponded to the genus Bergtrollus, molecular phylogeny clearly indicated that the species belonged to the genus Milnesium; therefore, we describe it as Milnesium utsugii sp. nov. Molecular phylogenetic analysis also showed that Milnesioides spp. and M. utsugii sp. nov. were clearly delimited, suggesting that the elongated-mouth evolved at least two times in the family Milnesiidae. Hatchlings of the new species had higher buccal tube width/length ratio compared to the adults, indicating a developmental change to a longer and narrower shape.

This is the fourth species of the genus Milnesium in Japan. Interestingly, the moss sample at the type locality of the new species housed another undescribed Milnesium which was placed within a clade with an undescribed Norwegian species, implying a relationship in zoogeographic histories between M. utsugii sp. nov., Bergtrollus, and the undescribed Milnesium.

步足目（缓步目：准缓步目）包括千禧年目和三个单一属Limmenius、Milnesioides和Bergtrollus。这三个属有细长的颊管，分别在世界上有限的地区发现：澳大利亚，新西兰和挪威的林根阿尔卑斯山。日本曾在一次会议上报道过这种口腔管延长的千禧年虫的存在，但没有进一步的描述。我们在2023年夏天再次发现了未被描述的物种。从Yukikuradake山山顶的苔藓样本中，我们获得了具有窄而细长的颊管的千齿类标本。虽然形态资料属于Bergtrollus属，但分子系统发育明确表明该种属于Milnesium属；分子系统发育分析也表明Milnesioides sp.和m.u utsugii sp. nov.有明显的分界，表明milnesiides spp.和m.u utsugii sp. nov.在Milnesiidae中至少进化了两次。与成虫相比，新种幼体的颊管宽长比更高，表明其发育形态向较长较窄的方向发展。这是日本千禧年属的第四种。有趣的是，在新物种的模式地点的苔藓样本中，另一个未被描述的千禧年物种被放置在一个未被描述的挪威物种的分支中，这意味着M. utsugii sp. nov， Bergtrollus与未被描述的千禧年物种之间在动物地理历史上的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative histological analysis of the pallial eyes of Zygochlamys patagonica and Argopecten purpuratus, two scallop species from the southeastern Pacific 东南太平洋两种扇贝（Zygochlamys patagonica和Argopecten purpuratus）苍白眼的比较组织学分析

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.06.005

Alejandra Díaz-Valdivia , Pablo Herrera , Doris Oliva , Oliver Schmachtenberg

The visual system of the Pectinidae family of bivalve mollusks is exceptional because of the number and complexity of their eyes. The non-cephalic eyes of pectinids consist of a cornea, a lens, a double retina, a pigment epithelium, and a concave mirror. While prior studies have addressed the anatomy and putative functions of pectinid eyes, the cellular components and their adaptations to different habitats have been explored in only a few scallop species. The Northern scallop Argopecten purpuratus and the Patagonian scallop Zygochlamys patagonica are important hydrobiological resources which inhabit different latitudes in the southeastern Pacific (5°S to 33°S and 40° to 48°S, respectively). The present study characterized and compared the components of the pallial eyes of the two species with light, confocal and electron microscopy, to improve our understanding of the sensory adaptations to their different habitats. While most cellular elements, including the ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptors, are morphologically similar and ostensibly conserved, some structures such as the cornea and the lens display significant differences between A. purpuratus and Z. patagonica. Overall, the cellular complexity and structural sophistication of pectinid eyes highlight the critical role of vision in scallop ecology and behavior.

双壳类软体动物的果胶科的视觉系统是特殊的，因为他们的眼睛的数量和复杂性。果胶虫的非头状眼由角膜、晶状体、双视网膜、色素上皮和凹面镜组成。虽然先前的研究已经解决了果胶眼的解剖和假定功能，但仅在少数扇贝物种中探索了细胞成分及其对不同栖息地的适应。北方扇贝（Argopecten purpuratus）和巴塔哥尼亚扇贝（Zygochlamys patagonica）是重要的水生生物资源，分布在东南太平洋不同纬度（分别为5°S ~ 33°S和40°S ~ 48°S）。本研究利用光学、共聚焦和电子显微镜对这两种动物的白眼进行了表征和比较，以提高我们对它们不同栖息地的感官适应的认识。虽然大多数细胞成分，包括睫状体和横纹肌光感受器，在形态上是相似的，表面上是保守的，但一些结构，如角膜和晶状体，在紫癜和巴塔哥尼察之间显示出显著的差异。总之，果胶眼的细胞复杂性和结构复杂性突出了视觉在扇贝生态和行为中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Overview of morphology and neuromuscular system of coronate polyps on the example of Linuche sp. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) 冠状息肉形态及神经肌肉系统的研究——以冠状动物Linuche sp.为例

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.06.003

Irina Salova , Maria Domracheva , Ekaterina Nefedova , Valeriia Khabibulina

Jellyfish from the class Scyphozoa have been the subject of numerous studies due to their blooms and impacts on the economy. The polypoid stage plays a main role in the occurrence of blooms, as it forms young medusae during strobilation. Ecological aspects that affect the strobilation has been well studied over the years, while morphological data on polypoid stage is available mainly for model species, such as members of genera Aurelia and Cassiopea. One of the less studied polyps are from the order Coronatae – the basal group of Scyphozoa. In this work, we focused on the morphology of the Linuche sp. coronate polyp.

For the first time, we describe the histological features and general topology of the neuromuscular system of Linuche sp. polyps using confocal laser scanning microscopy and semi-thin sections, also we provide information on the structure of its periderm tube and cusps – important taxonomic characters of coronate polyps – with usage of scanning electron microscopy. Its nervous system is presented as a nerve net in the body column with longitudinal neuron groups accompanying the muscle bands, and two nerve rings in the capitulum, acting as integrative centers. The muscular system in Linuche sp. has a complex organization with numerous groups of muscular processes in the capitulum that are intertwined with the musculature of the body column and tentacles. Comparison of the organization of polyps from Coronatae and Discomedusae revealed significant differences in their anatomy, due to the presence of the periderm tube in coronates.

由于其大量繁殖和对经济的影响，来自形虫纲的水母一直是许多研究的主题。水螅体阶段在花的发生中起主要作用，因为它在杂交过程中形成年轻的水母。影响水螅期的生态因素已被广泛研究，而水螅期的形态学资料主要是模式物种，如Aurelia属和Cassiopea属的成员。其中一种较少被研究的珊瑚虫来自冠状目——孢子虫的基础群。在这项工作中，我们重点研究了Linuche sp.冠状息肉的形态学。本文首次利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和半薄片对Linuche sp. polyps的神经肌肉系统的组织学特征和一般拓扑结构进行了描述，并利用扫描电镜对其周管和尖端的结构进行了研究，这是冠状息肉的重要分类特征。其神经系统表现为体柱内的神经网络，纵神经元群伴发于肌带，小头部有两个神经环作为综合中枢。Linuche sp.的肌肉系统有一个复杂的组织，在小头肌中有许多肌肉过程，这些肌肉过程与体柱和触手的肌肉组织交织在一起。比较冠状科和蝶状科息肉的组织结构，发现它们的解剖结构有显著差异，这是由于冠状科中存在外周管。

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引用次数: 0

Morphogenesis and chemical composition of spicules in Doridina (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) 腹足目：裸鳃鱼针状体的形态发生及化学组成

IF 1.2 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.06.001

Ekaterina D. Nikitenko , Anna L. Mikhlina , Alexey A. Piryazev , Elena V. Vortsepneva

Among molluscs, hard skeletal elements are widespread. These structures are typically external and synthesized extracellularly, as seen in Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, and Solenogastres. However, certain heterobranch gastropods—such as Nudibranchia, Acochlidimorpha, Rhodopemorpha—have subepidermal spicules that are synthesized intracellularly and remain within cells throughout ontogeny. Here, we present new data on the morphology and formation of such spicules in four nudibranch species from three families: Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789), Adalaria proxima (Alder and Hancock, 1854) (both Onchidorididae), Cadlina laevis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cadlinidae), and Palio dubia (M. Sars, 1829) (Polyceridae). Using a combination of morphological methods and experimental techniques—including micro-computed tomography, light and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy—we identified common patterns of spicule maturation and biomineralization, which affect spicules’ internal structure, and delineated their growth zones. Raman spectroscopy further revealed variability in the mineral composition of spicules across different dorid groups.

在软体动物中，坚硬的骨骼元素普遍存在。这些结构通常在细胞外合成，如Polyplacophora、Caudofoveata和Solenogastres。然而，某些异支腹足类动物，如裸鳃、Acochlidimorpha、rhodopemorpha等，其表皮下的针状体在细胞内合成，并在整个个体发育过程中留在细胞内。在此，我们提供了来自3科4种裸鳃植物的针状体形态和形成的新数据：Acanthodoris pilosa （Abildgaard in m ller, 1789）、Adalaria proxima (Alder and Hancock, 1854)（均为Onchidorididae）、Cadlina laevis (Linnaeus, 1767) （Cadlinidae）和Palio dubia (M. Sars, 1829) （Polyceridae）。结合形态学方法和实验技术，包括显微计算机断层扫描、光和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜，我们确定了影响针状体内部结构的常见针状体成熟和生物矿化模式，并描绘了它们的生长区域。拉曼光谱进一步揭示了针状体矿物组成的差异性。

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引用次数: 0