Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf029
Elisabete Malafaia, Pedro Dantas, Fernando Escaso, Pedro Mocho, Francisco Ortega
Allosaurus fragilis was first described in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal in 1999 based on a set of postcranial remains collected at the Andrés fossil site in Pombal. The description of a second species, Allosaurus europaeus, based on a posterior part of an articulated skull and a sequence of cervical vertebrae (ML 415) collected at Praia de Vale Frades in Lourinhã, has been controversial, and its validity has been challenged. A detailed description of a new sample of cranial fossil material collected at Andrés that can be confidentially attributed to Allosaurus is presented. In addition, a comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of the Morrison Formation fossil record of Allosaurus is also performed. This analysis indicates that only two valid Allosaurus species were present in the Late Jurassic ecosystems of North America: Allosaurus fragilis and Allosaurus jimmadseni. An emended diagnosis for Allosaurus fragilis is here proposed. The Portuguese specimens MNHN/UL.AND.#, ML 415, and MG 27804 are here interpreted as belonging to Allosaurus fragilis. This interpretation has important implications to better understand the evolutionary history of the theropod fauna of the Lusitanian Basin, supporting the existence of close biogeographic relationships between the landmasses on both sides of the proto-North Atlantic Ocean during the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian.
1999年，在葡萄牙的上侏罗世，人们根据在庞巴尔的安德里萨斯化石遗址收集的一组颅骨残骸首次描述了脆弱异特龙。第二种异特龙（Allosaurus europaeus）的描述是基于在Lourinhã的Praia de Vale Frades收集的一个关节颅骨的后部和颈椎序列（ML 415），一直存在争议，其有效性受到质疑。详细描述了在安德雷萨斯收集的一个新的头骨化石材料样本，该样本可以秘密地归因于异特龙。此外，本文还对莫里森组异特龙化石记录进行了全面的系统发育评价。这一分析表明，在北美晚侏罗世生态系统中，只有两个有效的异特龙物种：脆弱异特龙和jimmadseni异特龙。本文提出了一种对脆弱异特龙的修正诊断。葡萄牙标本MNHN/ ul和。#、ML 415和MG 27804在这里被解释为属于脆弱异特龙。这一解释对于更好地理解卢西塔尼亚盆地兽脚亚目动物群的进化史具有重要意义，支持了基默里吉纪-泰托尼亚期原北大西洋两岸大陆之间存在密切的生物地理关系。
{"title":"Cranial osteology of a new specimen of Allosaurus Marsh, 1877 (Theropoda: Allosauridae) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal and a specimen-level phylogenetic analysis of Allosaurus","authors":"Elisabete Malafaia, Pedro Dantas, Fernando Escaso, Pedro Mocho, Francisco Ortega","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf029","url":null,"abstract":"Allosaurus fragilis was first described in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal in 1999 based on a set of postcranial remains collected at the Andrés fossil site in Pombal. The description of a second species, Allosaurus europaeus, based on a posterior part of an articulated skull and a sequence of cervical vertebrae (ML 415) collected at Praia de Vale Frades in Lourinhã, has been controversial, and its validity has been challenged. A detailed description of a new sample of cranial fossil material collected at Andrés that can be confidentially attributed to Allosaurus is presented. In addition, a comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of the Morrison Formation fossil record of Allosaurus is also performed. This analysis indicates that only two valid Allosaurus species were present in the Late Jurassic ecosystems of North America: Allosaurus fragilis and Allosaurus jimmadseni. An emended diagnosis for Allosaurus fragilis is here proposed. The Portuguese specimens MNHN/UL.AND.#, ML 415, and MG 27804 are here interpreted as belonging to Allosaurus fragilis. This interpretation has important implications to better understand the evolutionary history of the theropod fauna of the Lusitanian Basin, supporting the existence of close biogeographic relationships between the landmasses on both sides of the proto-North Atlantic Ocean during the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf025
John Peacock
Therian mammals possess numerous unique morphological features in their auditory system. Many of these have been well studied in attempts to understand their functional importance, and some aspects of cochlear morphology have been shown to correlate with hearing ability across taxa. Among the unique features of the therian inner ear is the presence of bony structures supporting the sensory epithelia. While these have been implicated in the development of extended high-frequency hearing, their functional role remains unclear. In this study, I use micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging to take quantitative measurements of the bony spiral laminae and cochlear scalae through the length of the basilar membrane. I present an analysis of the variation showing how these change from the cochlear base to the apex, and how they differ between clades. I find considerable variation in the structures between different clades, particularly in the area of the cochlear scalae which show differences between terrestrial and aquatic species. These results provide a broad survey demonstrating a diversity that could be further exploited to explore functional significance in more detail. A cursory comparison shows correlation between various morphological measures and hearing ability, with the dimensions of the basilar membrane appearing the most useful to make predictions.
{"title":"Comparative morphology of the internal structures of the mammalian cochlea","authors":"John Peacock","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf025","url":null,"abstract":"Therian mammals possess numerous unique morphological features in their auditory system. Many of these have been well studied in attempts to understand their functional importance, and some aspects of cochlear morphology have been shown to correlate with hearing ability across taxa. Among the unique features of the therian inner ear is the presence of bony structures supporting the sensory epithelia. While these have been implicated in the development of extended high-frequency hearing, their functional role remains unclear. In this study, I use micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging to take quantitative measurements of the bony spiral laminae and cochlear scalae through the length of the basilar membrane. I present an analysis of the variation showing how these change from the cochlear base to the apex, and how they differ between clades. I find considerable variation in the structures between different clades, particularly in the area of the cochlear scalae which show differences between terrestrial and aquatic species. These results provide a broad survey demonstrating a diversity that could be further exploited to explore functional significance in more detail. A cursory comparison shows correlation between various morphological measures and hearing ability, with the dimensions of the basilar membrane appearing the most useful to make predictions.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cavefish are of considerable interest owing to the remarkable adaptations for surviving in harsh subterranean conditions. These adaptations, often described as constructive traits or regressive features, reflect trade-offs in metabolic requirements and energy utilization in response to life in darkness. In this study, we describe two new cavefish species, Triplophysa yangi sp. nov. and Triplophysa wenshanensis sp. nov., from karst subterranean rivers in Yunnan Province, China. Triplophysa yangi is distinguished from its congeners by its bilaterally expanded anterior swim bladder chambers, which protrude from the enlarged bony capsule, distending the lateral body wall and becoming externally visible. Additionally, it has highly developed pectoral and pelvic fins with filamentous extensions. Triplophysa wenshanensis can be identified by its nearly cone-shaped head, triangular head profile, and light brown to flesh pink body colour with faint brown blotches. Molecular phylogenetic analysis places both species in the hypogean group of Triplophysa, increasing the number of cavefish species in this genus from 39 to 41. The most distinctive feature of T. yangi, its expanded anterior swim bladder chambers protruding beyond the enlarged bony capsules, might represent an innovative stygomorphic trait among Chinese cavefish. This trait is hypothesized to be associated with a unique energy-saving buoyancy mechanism, crucial for the ability of the species to remain suspended and survive in perpetual darkness.
洞穴鱼由于在恶劣的地下环境中生存的显著适应性而引起了人们的极大兴趣。这些适应，通常被描述为建设性特征或退化特征，反映了对黑暗生活的代谢需求和能量利用的权衡。本文描述了云南喀斯特地下河流中的两个洞穴鱼新种——Triplophysa yangi sp. nov.和Triplophysa wenshanensis sp. nov.。杨氏三体与同类的区别在于其两侧扩张的前鳔腔，其从扩大的骨囊中突出，扩张了侧壁，并从外部可见。此外，它有高度发达的胸鳍和腹鳍，并有丝状延伸。文山三ophysa wenshantriplophysa可以通过其近圆锥形的头部，三角形的头部轮廓和浅棕色到肉粉红色的身体颜色来识别，带有淡褐色的斑点。分子系统发育分析表明，这两个物种都属于三层纲的次生群，使该属洞穴鱼的种数从39种增加到41种。扬子江鱼最显著的特征是其扩大的前鱼鳔室突出在扩大的骨囊之外，这可能代表了中国穴居鱼的一种创新的stygomorphic特征。据推测，这一特征与一种独特的节能浮力机制有关，这对物种在永恒的黑暗中保持悬浮和生存的能力至关重要。
{"title":"Two new cavefish species of Triplophysa (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the karst subterranean rivers of Yunnan, China","authors":"Jianhan Cao, Shuang Song, Wenjing Yi, Hongmei Xiang, Hongfu Yang, Jie Li, Wansheng Jiang","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf033","url":null,"abstract":"Cavefish are of considerable interest owing to the remarkable adaptations for surviving in harsh subterranean conditions. These adaptations, often described as constructive traits or regressive features, reflect trade-offs in metabolic requirements and energy utilization in response to life in darkness. In this study, we describe two new cavefish species, Triplophysa yangi sp. nov. and Triplophysa wenshanensis sp. nov., from karst subterranean rivers in Yunnan Province, China. Triplophysa yangi is distinguished from its congeners by its bilaterally expanded anterior swim bladder chambers, which protrude from the enlarged bony capsule, distending the lateral body wall and becoming externally visible. Additionally, it has highly developed pectoral and pelvic fins with filamentous extensions. Triplophysa wenshanensis can be identified by its nearly cone-shaped head, triangular head profile, and light brown to flesh pink body colour with faint brown blotches. Molecular phylogenetic analysis places both species in the hypogean group of Triplophysa, increasing the number of cavefish species in this genus from 39 to 41. The most distinctive feature of T. yangi, its expanded anterior swim bladder chambers protruding beyond the enlarged bony capsules, might represent an innovative stygomorphic trait among Chinese cavefish. This trait is hypothesized to be associated with a unique energy-saving buoyancy mechanism, crucial for the ability of the species to remain suspended and survive in perpetual darkness.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003
Małgorzata Proćków, Kamila S Zając-Garlacz, Alain Bertrand
The actual diversity of Hygromia land snails is unknown. Typically, three or four species were recognized based on morphology. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach to assess species limits through combined analyses of shell and genital morphology, including love darts, as well as genetic data in 205 specimens from 90 localities across Europe. The results revealed two monophyletic groups of populations that were more similar in their shell morphology and differed in the size of the dart apparatus. They represented two subgenera with seven mtDNA clades. The subgenus Hygromia s.s. consisted of a nominal Hygromia cinctella. The subgenus Riedelia included: Hygromia limbata s.s. and its subspecies Hygromia limbata hylonomia, Hygromia tassyi and Hygromia pyrenaica sp. nov. The taxonomic status of two independently evolving lineages could not be resolved. Hygromia odeca and Hygromia veprium were synonymized with Hygromia limbata and Hygromia gofasi with Hygromia tassyi. No morphometric shell character alone ensured the determination of any Hygromia species and the microsculpture showed only minor differences. Among genitalia features, the appearance of a love dart had the greatest taxonomic value. Many recognized taxa were restricted to narrow territories, implying a complex evolutionary history of the genus in the Pyrenees and their foothills.
{"title":"When morphology meets molecules: diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)","authors":"Małgorzata Proćków, Kamila S Zając-Garlacz, Alain Bertrand","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003","url":null,"abstract":"The actual diversity of Hygromia land snails is unknown. Typically, three or four species were recognized based on morphology. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach to assess species limits through combined analyses of shell and genital morphology, including love darts, as well as genetic data in 205 specimens from 90 localities across Europe. The results revealed two monophyletic groups of populations that were more similar in their shell morphology and differed in the size of the dart apparatus. They represented two subgenera with seven mtDNA clades. The subgenus Hygromia s.s. consisted of a nominal Hygromia cinctella. The subgenus Riedelia included: Hygromia limbata s.s. and its subspecies Hygromia limbata hylonomia, Hygromia tassyi and Hygromia pyrenaica sp. nov. The taxonomic status of two independently evolving lineages could not be resolved. Hygromia odeca and Hygromia veprium were synonymized with Hygromia limbata and Hygromia gofasi with Hygromia tassyi. No morphometric shell character alone ensured the determination of any Hygromia species and the microsculpture showed only minor differences. Among genitalia features, the appearance of a love dart had the greatest taxonomic value. Many recognized taxa were restricted to narrow territories, implying a complex evolutionary history of the genus in the Pyrenees and their foothills.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf037
Takuya K Hosoki, Masaya Fukuda, Kohta Kubo, Fumie Fukuda
Colour pattern variations in animals range from a small number of discrete morphs to continuous variations. However, the possibility that the degree itself is shaped by bias produced by limited observations cannot be excluded. Through a community science approach, also known as citizen science, we refined the definitions of the colour pattern morphs of the Japanese natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus. Despite the limited number of geographical observations, R. tigrinus has been classified into six distinct colour pattern morphs over the past decades: three region-specific morphs, two hypopigmented morphs, and one hyperpigmented morph. However, our newly collected community science images of R. tigrinus revealed that 123 colour pattern combinations of R. tigrinus have emerged across the Japanese Archipelago. The community science images with detailed geographical information also provided insights into the anti-predatory functions of R. tigrinus colour patterns through an association between blotch size and habitat temperature via the flicker-fusion effect. Our results highlight the advantages of using community science data in overcoming observational biases and investigating intraspecific colour pattern variations across a wide geographical range.
{"title":"Community science data highlight the vast colour pattern variations in the Japanese natricine snake (Rhabdophis tigrinus)","authors":"Takuya K Hosoki, Masaya Fukuda, Kohta Kubo, Fumie Fukuda","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf037","url":null,"abstract":"Colour pattern variations in animals range from a small number of discrete morphs to continuous variations. However, the possibility that the degree itself is shaped by bias produced by limited observations cannot be excluded. Through a community science approach, also known as citizen science, we refined the definitions of the colour pattern morphs of the Japanese natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus. Despite the limited number of geographical observations, R. tigrinus has been classified into six distinct colour pattern morphs over the past decades: three region-specific morphs, two hypopigmented morphs, and one hyperpigmented morph. However, our newly collected community science images of R. tigrinus revealed that 123 colour pattern combinations of R. tigrinus have emerged across the Japanese Archipelago. The community science images with detailed geographical information also provided insights into the anti-predatory functions of R. tigrinus colour patterns through an association between blotch size and habitat temperature via the flicker-fusion effect. Our results highlight the advantages of using community science data in overcoming observational biases and investigating intraspecific colour pattern variations across a wide geographical range.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf030
Karina Moreno, Sabrina Medrano, Terrence M Gosliner, Nerida G Wilson, Patrick J Krug, Ángel Valdés
The genus Cyerce Bergh, 1870 has been a model for the study of defensive strategies, including chemical defences, ceratal autotomy, and crypsis or aposematism. Specialization on different algae and diverse genital armatures also make Cyerce a useful system for investigating speciation by host shift versus sexual selection. Here, we review the genus Cyerce in the Pacific and Indian oceans using molecular and morphological data. Two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S) and one nuclear gene (H3) were sequenced from 154 specimens, including representatives from the Atlantic Ocean. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses. Species delimitation analyses performed on COI sequences recovered 17 genetically distinct Pacific and Indian Ocean species of Cyerce, 10 of which are new to science. Nine new species are named herein (C. takanoi sp. nov., C. katiae sp. nov., C. trowbridgeae sp. nov., C. blackburnae sp. nov., C. tutela sp. nov., C. basi sp. nov., C. whaapi sp. nov., C. goodheartae sp. nov., and C. liliuokalaniae sp. nov.). The 10th species, from the Red Sea, is not named due to the absence of internal anatomical data. These findings increase the species richness in Cyerce by about two-thirds, and demonstrate that even conspicuous taxa harbour considerable cryptic diversity.
{"title":"Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Cyerce (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) from the Pacific and Indian oceans with descriptions of nine new species","authors":"Karina Moreno, Sabrina Medrano, Terrence M Gosliner, Nerida G Wilson, Patrick J Krug, Ángel Valdés","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf030","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Cyerce Bergh, 1870 has been a model for the study of defensive strategies, including chemical defences, ceratal autotomy, and crypsis or aposematism. Specialization on different algae and diverse genital armatures also make Cyerce a useful system for investigating speciation by host shift versus sexual selection. Here, we review the genus Cyerce in the Pacific and Indian oceans using molecular and morphological data. Two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S) and one nuclear gene (H3) were sequenced from 154 specimens, including representatives from the Atlantic Ocean. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses. Species delimitation analyses performed on COI sequences recovered 17 genetically distinct Pacific and Indian Ocean species of Cyerce, 10 of which are new to science. Nine new species are named herein (C. takanoi sp. nov., C. katiae sp. nov., C. trowbridgeae sp. nov., C. blackburnae sp. nov., C. tutela sp. nov., C. basi sp. nov., C. whaapi sp. nov., C. goodheartae sp. nov., and C. liliuokalaniae sp. nov.). The 10th species, from the Red Sea, is not named due to the absence of internal anatomical data. These findings increase the species richness in Cyerce by about two-thirds, and demonstrate that even conspicuous taxa harbour considerable cryptic diversity.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf039
Sara Dallarés, Claudio F Barría, Bjoern C Schaeffner
Originally described from the bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre), Phyllobothrium sinuosiceps Williams, 1959 (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) is apparently a common parasite of this elasmobranch host. However, reports of this species are limited, and its morphological characteristics remain poorly known. This study presents a molecular phylogenetic framework to reassess the taxonomic placement of this tapeworm within the order Phyllobothriidea. The results indicate a distinct phylogenetic position of Phyllobothrium sinuosiceps, leading to the erection of a new genus, Carrassoniella gen. nov., with Carrassoniella sinuosiceps comb. nov. as its type and only species. A comprehensive redescription of this enigmatic species is provided, with additional morphological data based on new specimens collected from the type host in the northwestern Mediterranean and a re-examination of the holotype. Scanning electron microscopy reveals ultrastructural details for the first time. The species is characterized by bothridia lined with gongylate columnar spinitriches and acicular filitriches on distal surfaces and with trullate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches on proximal surfaces, in addition to a strobila covered in capilliform filitriches. This study also provides insights on diversity patterns of phyllobothriidean tapeworms across environmental gradients, enhances our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the Phyllobothriidea, and provides information for future taxonomic and ecological studies.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy in action: a new genus of phyllobothriid tapeworms (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea), with insights on potential transmission pathways and influences of environmental gradients on diversity patterns of the group","authors":"Sara Dallarés, Claudio F Barría, Bjoern C Schaeffner","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf039","url":null,"abstract":"Originally described from the bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre), Phyllobothrium sinuosiceps Williams, 1959 (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) is apparently a common parasite of this elasmobranch host. However, reports of this species are limited, and its morphological characteristics remain poorly known. This study presents a molecular phylogenetic framework to reassess the taxonomic placement of this tapeworm within the order Phyllobothriidea. The results indicate a distinct phylogenetic position of Phyllobothrium sinuosiceps, leading to the erection of a new genus, Carrassoniella gen. nov., with Carrassoniella sinuosiceps comb. nov. as its type and only species. A comprehensive redescription of this enigmatic species is provided, with additional morphological data based on new specimens collected from the type host in the northwestern Mediterranean and a re-examination of the holotype. Scanning electron microscopy reveals ultrastructural details for the first time. The species is characterized by bothridia lined with gongylate columnar spinitriches and acicular filitriches on distal surfaces and with trullate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches on proximal surfaces, in addition to a strobila covered in capilliform filitriches. This study also provides insights on diversity patterns of phyllobothriidean tapeworms across environmental gradients, enhances our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the Phyllobothriidea, and provides information for future taxonomic and ecological studies.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf028
Fábio G L Oliveira, Javier I Arbea, Christian S Wirkner, Nerivânia N Godeiro
The mitogenomes of Australonura wellingtonia, Womersleymeria aff. bicornis, and Megalanura aff. tasmaniae from Satan’s Lair, Tasmania, Australia, are newly sequenced and assembled, and their characteristics are detailed. A phylogeny including 37 species of Poduromorpha based on mitochondrial genomes is also presented. Australonura wellingtonia was placed together with Rambutanura hunanensis, and W. aff. bicornis and M. aff. tasmaniae were placed together, all with high support. Our results recovered Neanuroidea as monophyletic with the highest absolute support. Holacanthella duospinosa, a species belonging to the genus of giant springtails, was the earliest branching species within the Neanuroidea clade. The only sampled Brachystomellidae species (Brachystomella parvula) grouped with other Neanuridae species, questioning its family status. We also redescribe the species A. wellingtonia (Womersley, 1936) using a new approach to morphological documentation of springtails, which uses confocal microscopy. The methodology used for specimen preparation is detailed here to facilitate future reproducibility. The reduction of the jumping apparatus within the clade Neanuroidea is discussed here based on the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained.
{"title":"An integrated taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Neanuroidea (Poduromorpha)","authors":"Fábio G L Oliveira, Javier I Arbea, Christian S Wirkner, Nerivânia N Godeiro","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf028","url":null,"abstract":"The mitogenomes of Australonura wellingtonia, Womersleymeria aff. bicornis, and Megalanura aff. tasmaniae from Satan’s Lair, Tasmania, Australia, are newly sequenced and assembled, and their characteristics are detailed. A phylogeny including 37 species of Poduromorpha based on mitochondrial genomes is also presented. Australonura wellingtonia was placed together with Rambutanura hunanensis, and W. aff. bicornis and M. aff. tasmaniae were placed together, all with high support. Our results recovered Neanuroidea as monophyletic with the highest absolute support. Holacanthella duospinosa, a species belonging to the genus of giant springtails, was the earliest branching species within the Neanuroidea clade. The only sampled Brachystomellidae species (Brachystomella parvula) grouped with other Neanuridae species, questioning its family status. We also redescribe the species A. wellingtonia (Womersley, 1936) using a new approach to morphological documentation of springtails, which uses confocal microscopy. The methodology used for specimen preparation is detailed here to facilitate future reproducibility. The reduction of the jumping apparatus within the clade Neanuroidea is discussed here based on the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf024
Elizabeth M Steell, Allison Y Hsiang, Daniel J Field
Investigating patterns of homoplasy can improve our understanding of macroevolutionary processes by revealing evolutionary constraints on morphology and highlighting convergent form–function relationships. Here, we test the performance of several widely-used methods that provide measures of homoplasy, including the consistency (CI) and retention indices (RI), using simulated and empirical discrete morphological datasets. In addition, we describe and test a new method employing a novel randomization protocol, which we term the relative homoplasy index (RHI). RHI outperforms other methods in a range of situations for measuring relative homoplasy and allows comparisons between different datasets. In line with some previous work, we show that relative levels of homoplasy remain constant with the addition of characters and decrease with the addition of taxa. We also show that the extent of homoplasy strongly influences the distribution of taxa in morphospace. Low homoplasy results in highly partitioned morphospace, while high homoplasy leads to clades overlapping in morphospace. Our results help illuminate the properties of relative homoplasy in morphological phylogenetic matrices, opening new potential avenues for research on homoplasy quantification in macroevolutionary studies.
{"title":"Revealing patterns of homoplasy in discrete phylogenetic datasets with a cross-comparable index","authors":"Elizabeth M Steell, Allison Y Hsiang, Daniel J Field","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating patterns of homoplasy can improve our understanding of macroevolutionary processes by revealing evolutionary constraints on morphology and highlighting convergent form–function relationships. Here, we test the performance of several widely-used methods that provide measures of homoplasy, including the consistency (CI) and retention indices (RI), using simulated and empirical discrete morphological datasets. In addition, we describe and test a new method employing a novel randomization protocol, which we term the relative homoplasy index (RHI). RHI outperforms other methods in a range of situations for measuring relative homoplasy and allows comparisons between different datasets. In line with some previous work, we show that relative levels of homoplasy remain constant with the addition of characters and decrease with the addition of taxa. We also show that the extent of homoplasy strongly influences the distribution of taxa in morphospace. Low homoplasy results in highly partitioned morphospace, while high homoplasy leads to clades overlapping in morphospace. Our results help illuminate the properties of relative homoplasy in morphological phylogenetic matrices, opening new potential avenues for research on homoplasy quantification in macroevolutionary studies.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf026
Shelby C Middleton, Robert A Davis, Kenny J Travouillon, Anna J M Hopkins, Harriet R Mills, Linette S Umbrello
Understanding genetic relationships within species is essential for identifying distinct genetic lineages and informing conservation strategies, particularly for species with fragmented or widespread geographic distributions. One such widespread species that has suffered declines across Australia, despite remaining common in some areas, is the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a nocturnal and arboreal marsupial. Previous genetic studies on brushtail possums had limited sampling, which has precluded a comprehensive assessment of the relationships within the species and genus. Using both single nucleotide polymorphism markers and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, this study employed phylogenetics, ancestry coefficients, and tested genetic differentiation, to examine the population structure of brushtail possums across Australia. Our results indicate that current subspecies’ classifications of T. vulpecula do not align with genetic structure, as Western Australian Pilbara and Midwest populations, currently defined as the subspecies Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus, are instead genetically similar to south-eastern and central T. v. vulpecula. These findings have important implications for current conservation strategies, including translocations of brushtail possums, and highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic sampling within wide-ranging species.
了解物种内部的遗传关系对于确定不同的遗传谱系和制定保护策略至关重要，特别是对于地理分布分散或广泛的物种。尽管在某些地区仍然很常见，但在澳大利亚范围广泛的物种之一是常见的刷尾负鼠（Trichosurus vulpecula），这是一种夜间和树栖有袋动物。以前对帚尾负鼠的遗传研究取样有限，这妨碍了对物种和属之间关系的全面评估。利用单核苷酸多态性标记和线粒体细胞色素b基因，本研究采用系统遗传学、祖先系数和测试遗传分化来研究澳大利亚各地的帚尾负鼠的种群结构。我们的研究结果表明，目前的T. vulpecula亚种分类与遗传结构不一致，因为西澳大利亚皮尔巴拉地区和中西部地区的种群，目前被定义为亚种的T. v. vulpecula与东南部和中部的T. v. vulpecula遗传相似。这些发现对当前的保护策略具有重要意义，包括对刷尾负鼠的易位，并强调了在广泛物种中进行全面遗传采样的重要性。
{"title":"Revised phylogeography of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) reveals new insights into genetic structure across Australia","authors":"Shelby C Middleton, Robert A Davis, Kenny J Travouillon, Anna J M Hopkins, Harriet R Mills, Linette S Umbrello","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf026","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding genetic relationships within species is essential for identifying distinct genetic lineages and informing conservation strategies, particularly for species with fragmented or widespread geographic distributions. One such widespread species that has suffered declines across Australia, despite remaining common in some areas, is the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a nocturnal and arboreal marsupial. Previous genetic studies on brushtail possums had limited sampling, which has precluded a comprehensive assessment of the relationships within the species and genus. Using both single nucleotide polymorphism markers and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, this study employed phylogenetics, ancestry coefficients, and tested genetic differentiation, to examine the population structure of brushtail possums across Australia. Our results indicate that current subspecies’ classifications of T. vulpecula do not align with genetic structure, as Western Australian Pilbara and Midwest populations, currently defined as the subspecies Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus, are instead genetically similar to south-eastern and central T. v. vulpecula. These findings have important implications for current conservation strategies, including translocations of brushtail possums, and highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic sampling within wide-ranging species.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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