Urban Forestry & Urban Greening最新文献_第9页

Development of an artificial intelligence model for CFD data augmentation and improvement of thermal environment in urban areas using nature-based solutions

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128629

Junghyeon Ahn , Jaekyoung Kim , Junsuk Kang

Heatwaves have a significant impact on urban areas, driving efforts to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect through green infrastructure and sustainable planning. By integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with digital twin technology, this study evaluates the effectiveness of climate adaptation infrastructures in urban areas. However, applying digital twin technology for UHI analysis and integrating data into actionable insights faces challenges due to long simulation times and focus of analysis. This study aimed to mitigate the societal impacts of urban heat islands and address the gaps in existing research and technology. A new machine learning model was developed to improve the urban thermal environment by optimizing green spaces and combating urban heat islands in densely populated cities, by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin technology. Combining the strengths of Random Forest and XGBoost, the model was trained and tested on a dataset derived from CFD simulations to identify effective strategies for urban green spaces allocation. The primary results of the study are divided into three parts. First, a high-precision model for data augmentation and green space optimization was developed using machine learning. Second, the developed model reduced the time required for CFD simulation analysis from over 400,000 h to less than 1 h. Finally, the study found that the strategic placement of green spaces could result in approximately 1 % of the total urban area temperature. The results highlight the importance of strategic planning in the distribution of urban green space for effective mitigation of heat islands. The proposed model can be used as an efficient tool for sustainable urban development and is consistent with the overall goal of creating more livable and climate-resilient cities.

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引用次数: 0

Best practices for designing resilient urban ecosystems through native species restoration 通过本地物种恢复设计弹性城市生态系统的最佳实践

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128657

Aaron N. Sexton , Kane A. Lawhorn

Urban ecosystems provide a range of services that will become increasingly important in the coming decades as urban populations grow and urban areas intensify. Restoration and maintenance of these ecosystems is vital to the promotion of biodiversity conservation, human-nature interactions, and buffering against the effects of climate change. It is therefore crucial we design these urban ecosystems to be resilient to both climate change and urban stressors. The novelty of urban ecosystems, and their unique constraints and stressors, means that they require unique management and design practices than those used for conventional restorations in natural environments. Additionally, these novel urban ecosystems lack an analogous ecosystem to which comparisons can be made, which makes quantifying restoration success difficult. As such, ecological resilience—the maintenance of rich communities dominated by native species—becomes a more meaningful metric of success for urban restorations. Here, we propose a suite of management strategies designed to promote urban ecological resilience. Specifically, we focus on species pool selection, genetic input, landscape connectivity, and management regimes. While these considerations are important in all ecosystem restorations, these processes play an outsized role in urban ecosystems due to their unique pressures including heightened invasion pressure, depleted native seed pools, high degrees of landscape fragmentation and socio-economic constraints. By focusing on ecosystem resiliency, urban habitat restorations can be maintained with decreased long-term costs, increased biodiversity conservation, and improved human health and well-being.

随着城市人口的增长和城市地区的扩大，城市生态系统提供的一系列服务在未来几十年将变得越来越重要。这些生态系统的恢复和维护对于促进生物多样性保护、人与自然的相互作用以及缓冲气候变化的影响至关重要。因此，我们设计这些城市生态系统，使其能够适应气候变化和城市压力，这一点至关重要。城市生态系统的新颖性及其独特的制约因素和压力源意味着，与传统的自然环境修复相比，城市生态系统需要独特的管理和设计实践。此外，这些新的城市生态系统缺乏可进行比较的类似生态系统，这使得量化恢复成功变得困难。因此，生态恢复力——维持由本地物种主导的富裕社区——成为衡量城市恢复成功与否的更有意义的标准。在此，我们提出了一套旨在促进城市生态弹性的管理策略。具体来说，我们关注物种池选择、遗传输入、景观连通性和管理制度。虽然这些因素在所有生态系统恢复中都很重要，但这些过程在城市生态系统中发挥着巨大的作用，因为它们具有独特的压力，包括入侵压力加剧、原生种子库枯竭、景观破碎化程度高和社会经济限制。通过关注生态系统的恢复能力，城市栖息地的恢复可以降低长期成本，增加生物多样性保护，改善人类健康和福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and habitat determinants of small-mammal biodiversity in urban green areas: Lessons for nature-based solutions 城市绿地中小型哺乳动物生物多样性的空间和生境决定因素：基于自然的解决方案的经验教训

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641

Olivia Dondina , Pietro Tirozzi , Andrea Viviano , Emiliano Mori , Valerio Orioli , Nicola Tommasi , Alessandro Tanzi , Lisa Bazzoli , Enrico Caprio , Corinna Patetta , Maria Chiara Pastore , Luciano Bani , Leonardo Ancillotto

In an increasingly anthropogenic world, urban green areas are critical for human well-being because of the ecosystem services they offer. However, the management of these areas often prioritizes economic, architectural, and esthetic needs over ecological functionality, undermining the benefits they ought to provide. Actions to restore the functional ecological processes of urban green areas have thus become increasingly urgent. This study investigated the impact of urban green area characteristics on the community composition of an indicator animal group to inform Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) for urban biodiversity and sustainability enhancement. We analyzed data on small mammal community composition from three Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Florence, and Rome), focusing on the distribution pattern of synanthropic and non-synanthropic species. Small mammal surveys were carried out using hair tubes in sampled areas located along a gradient of green area size and fragmentation. Multiple Linear Mixed Models assessed the influence of spatial and habitat green area characteristics on species richness. Synanthropic species richness was positively associated with manicured urban parks, while non-synanthropic species richness was higher in woodland green areas characterized by high shrub cover. Through a Linear Mixed Model and NODF-based Nestedness analyses, we found that competitive exclusion and selective extinction/colonization processes did not significantly influence community composition. These insights emphasize the major influence of habitat composition in supporting functional communities of urban small mammals. To move toward resilient urban ecosystems, NBSs must primarily be implemented at a local scale by creating green patches with high habitat quality, and secondarily, they should be embedded in an interconnected and functional network at a city scale.

在一个日益人为化的世界里，城市绿地对人类福祉至关重要，因为它们提供了生态系统服务。然而，这些地区的管理往往优先考虑经济、建筑和美学需求，而不是生态功能，从而破坏了它们应该提供的好处。因此，恢复城市绿地功能生态过程的行动变得越来越紧迫。本研究探讨了城市绿地特征对指示动物群落组成的影响，为城市生物多样性和可持续发展的自然解决方案提供依据。对意大利米兰、佛罗伦萨和罗马3个大都市的小型哺乳动物群落组成进行了分析，重点研究了共生性和非共生性物种的分布格局。小型哺乳动物调查采用毛管在采样区域沿绿色区域大小和破碎度梯度进行。多元线性混合模型评估了空间和生境绿化面积特征对物种丰富度的影响。物种丰富度与修剪后的城市公园呈正相关，而非物种丰富度在高灌木覆盖的林地绿地中更高。通过线性混合模型和基于nodf的巢性分析，我们发现竞争排斥和选择性灭绝/殖民化过程对群落组成没有显著影响。这些见解强调了生境构成对城市小型哺乳动物支持性功能群落的主要影响。为了向弹性城市生态系统发展，nbs首先必须在地方范围内实施，通过创造具有高栖息地质量的绿色斑块，其次，它们应该嵌入到城市规模的互联和功能网络中。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the interactive effects of greenspace morphology and air pollutant on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A comparative analysis between urban and rural areas in China

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128676

Fangyu Zhou , Bo Xie , Kui Liu , Bin Chen

Tuberculosis (TB), particularly pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), remains a major public health issue in China. It ranks as the second-leading cause of infectious disease mortality in China. Previous studies have documented the impacts of particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) and greenspace on TB outcomes independently. However, the interaction effects between greenspace morphology and PM_2.5 on TB risk, especially across urban and rural contexts, remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using data from 42,331 PTB patients in Zhejiang Province between 2015 and 2019. Our objective was to explore the influence of greenspace morphology on PTB treatment success in relation to PM_2.5, with a specific emphasis on elucidating urban–rural disparities. The results revealed a significant interaction between greenspace morphology and PM_2.5. This interaction impacted PTB treatment success differently across urban and rural settings at varying spatial scales. Specifically, in urban areas, while greenspace morphologies did not exhibit significant effects at the community level, the percentage of greenspace and the mean area at the block level significantly influenced PTB treatment success. Conversely, in rural areas, all types of greenspace morphologies showed significant effects at the community level, except for the mean area, which was not significant at the block level. To enhance the treatment success of PTB patients, we recommended increasing the number of greenspaces at the community level while also improving their size at the block level in urban areas. In rural areas, efforts should focus on maintaining favorable greenspace morphologies (except for mean area) at the community level and enhancing them while simultaneously reducing PM_2.5 levels at the block level. These findings not only highlight the importance of mitigating health inequities between urban and rural areas, but also provide insights for developing targeted greenspace strategies aimed at promoting successful PTB treatment.

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引用次数: 0

A general allometric model for urban vines to estimate above-ground biomass

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128653

Qiuyu Tao , Han Sun , Dayong Fan , Xiangping Wang

Vines play an important role in urban vertical greening, while there is no practical method to estimate above-ground biomass of urban vines. Allometric equation is an effective approach for non-destructive estimation of biomass. However, due to lacking mechanical support tissue, vines may have distinctive allometric laws which existing allometric equations derived from self-supporting plants may not be applicable. Here, we collected 259 branches from 12 different species of urban vines to analyze the allometric relationships by standard major axis (SMA). We also built mixed-effect models and used ANOVA to investigate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on these allometric relationships. Our results showed that leaf-stem biomass partition scaling allometric relationships of vine branches were stable and there was little significant difference among species and life forms, which showing strong biophysical constraints and supporting the predictions of theoretical allometry model such as metabolic scaling theory (MST). Almost all the biotic and abiotic factors have no significant effect on the exponents of diameter-leaf/stem biomass allometric relationships while only had weak effects on constants. Based on these results, we proposed a series of generalized equations to estimate above-ground biomass of common urban vines. Considering our finding that vines exhibit robust biophysical constraints and phylogenetic niche conservatism, which are hardly being affected by environmental factors, the utilization of general allometric equations may be a highly promising method to predict above-ground biomass of urban vines in the future.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the vulnerability of urban tree species to climate change: The case study of Lisbon gardens

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128664

Ana Raquel Cunha , Ana Luísa Soares , Sílvia Catarino , Maria Cristina Duarte , Maria M. Romeiras

To mitigate the effects of climate change on urban green spaces, adaptive strategies are required, particularly regarding tree species. Lisbon is a most vulnerable city to extreme climate events and the performance and management of the numerous and diverse trees found in its gardens and parks are of much concern. We evaluated the vulnerability of such trees to predicted future Lisbon climates using the Climate Assessment Tool (Climate Change Alliance of Botanic Gardens, 2024) and inventories from 63 historical gardens and parks, including three botanical gardens. With the extensive information of the latter we: (i) identified and classified the species according to biogeographical origins; (ii) pinpointed those most vulnerable to, or favoured by climate change; and (iii) assessed the vulnerability of each studied site, according to the species present, their risk level and abundance. Among the selected 318 taxa (corresponding to 19,579 trees), the Palaearctic biogeographical region predominates. The highest risk levels were found in 50 % (77 %, for the most pessimistic climate scenario) of the Palaearctic species, which include many native taxa. Conversely, about 56 % of the Neotropical species are predicted to perform better under the worst climate change scenario. Only one of the ten most abundant tree species in Lisbon – Jacaranda mimosifolia – might remain invulnerable. Management plans for most Lisbon green spaces must therefore reexamine the use of Palaearctic species and tackle challenging adjustments, including the gradual replacement of familiar species (increasingly more difficult to maintain) by others with better performance under future climate conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Perceptions of trade-offs between urban forest ecosystem services and disservices: A case study of Canberra, Australia

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128711

Baige Zhang

Urban greening initiatives are increasingly integrated into urban planning and climate change strategies, offering multiple benefits to residents. Despite growing advocacy for incorporating diverse stakeholder preferences and concerns into policy-making processes, there remains a knowledge gap about differences in perceptions between decision-makers and other stakeholders. Using Canberra, Australia, as a case study, this research explores the perceptions of policymakers and key stakeholder groups regarding urban forest ecosystem services (ESs), ecosystem disservices (EDs), and associated trade-offs through analysing legislative instruments, policy documents, and stakeholder submissions. The findings reveal that while legislation exhibits a high level of cohesiveness, policy documents and stakeholder submissions prioritise ESs variably. Notwithstanding generally shared acknowledgement of the urban forest’s importance, perceptions of key stakeholder groups about ESs, EDs and trade-offs differed, and from those of policymakers, in some key respects. The disparities are mainly attributed to the different scales at which urban forests are perceived, and divergent value orientations among stakeholders. Results suggest that policymakers can draw from the differing perceptions to inform decisions at both city-wide and neighbourhood levels. However, making informed choices about trade-offs requires careful consideration of multiple policy objectives and the diverse values of stakeholders. More proactive engagement with key stakeholders in the policy-making process could foster a consistent and comprehensive understanding of, and response to, these diverse perceptions. These results from Canberra underscore the benefits of more inclusive approaches to the development of urban greening strategies, to achieve more socially-sustainable outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

Modelling the effects of vegetation and urban form on air quality in real urban environments: A systematic review of measurements, methods, and predictions

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128693

Mengxue Yao , Michael Smith , Chengzhi Peng

Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health and well-being. In recent decades, researchers have used direct measurements and predictive modelling to assess urban air quality. However, the impact of vegetation and urban form on air quality remains uncertain, particularly regarding their interconnected roles. This paper systematically reviews studies on real urban environments, focusing on how vegetation and urban form influence air quality assessment and prediction. It highlights key variables and their importance, as reported in the literature, and identifies areas needing further research to improve predictions of vegetation’s effects on urban air quality in relation to urban morphology.

引用次数: 0

Assessing tree canopy cooling efficiency in different local climate zones: A cost-benefit analysis

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128694

Aowei Liu , Chengsheng Wang , Guanning Shang , Bo Hong

Specific mechanisms by which tree canopy coverage (TCC) influences cooling and heat alleviation across different local climate zones (LCZs) are not yet fully understood, particularly in terms of nurturing costs and the threshold of TCC. This study, using six typical LCZs in Xi'an as a case study, employed a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations to establish the mathematical relationships between TCC, cooling intensity, and heat alleviation at the LCZ scale. A cooling benefit evaluation system, incorporating nurturing costs, was developed to precisely define the TCC threshold for each LCZ. The findings indicated that: 1) Tree cooling effects were influenced by wind direction and building shadow, with low-rise LCZs showing heightened sensitivity to TCC variations; 2) Low-rise LCZs had greater potential for thermal comfort improvement, with the most significant enhancements in the middle of streets in midrise and low-rise LCZs as greenery increased, and LCZ2 exhibiting optimal thermal comfort on the downwind side of streets; 3) A linear regression relationship existed between cooling intensity and TCC across six LCZs, while a logarithmic regression relationship was observed between heat alleviation and TCC in all LCZs except LCZ6; 4) TCC had a quadratic regression relationship with cooling efficiency, with high and compact LCZs reaching the TCC threshold sooner. The TCC thresholds for the LCZs were 24.08 % (LCZ1), 33.18 % (LCZ2), 45.35 % (LCZ3), 32.49 % (LCZ4), 44.89 % (LCZ5) and 47.12 % (LCZ6). Our research elucidated the cooling and heat alleviation effects of TCC at LCZ scales and offered a quantitative basis for optimizing tree planting management by balancing cooling benefits and nurturing costs.

{"title":"Assessing tree canopy cooling efficiency in different local climate zones: A cost-benefit analysis","authors":"Aowei Liu , Chengsheng Wang , Guanning Shang , Bo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specific mechanisms by which tree canopy coverage (TCC) influences cooling and heat alleviation across different local climate zones (LCZs) are not yet fully understood, particularly in terms of nurturing costs and the threshold of TCC. This study, using six typical LCZs in Xi'an as a case study, employed a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations to establish the mathematical relationships between TCC, cooling intensity, and heat alleviation at the LCZ scale. A cooling benefit evaluation system, incorporating nurturing costs, was developed to precisely define the TCC threshold for each LCZ. The findings indicated that: 1) Tree cooling effects were influenced by wind direction and building shadow, with low-rise LCZs showing heightened sensitivity to TCC variations; 2) Low-rise LCZs had greater potential for thermal comfort improvement, with the most significant enhancements in the middle of streets in midrise and low-rise LCZs as greenery increased, and LCZ2 exhibiting optimal thermal comfort on the downwind side of streets; 3) A linear regression relationship existed between cooling intensity and TCC across six LCZs, while a logarithmic regression relationship was observed between heat alleviation and TCC in all LCZs except LCZ6; 4) TCC had a quadratic regression relationship with cooling efficiency, with high and compact LCZs reaching the TCC threshold sooner. The TCC thresholds for the LCZs were 24.08 % (LCZ1), 33.18 % (LCZ2), 45.35 % (LCZ3), 32.49 % (LCZ4), 44.89 % (LCZ5) and 47.12 % (LCZ6). Our research elucidated the cooling and heat alleviation effects of TCC at LCZ scales and offered a quantitative basis for optimizing tree planting management by balancing cooling benefits and nurturing costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 128694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusing aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR data to improve the accuracy of detecting individual trees in urban and peri-urban areas

IF 6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128696

Yi Xu, Tiejun Wang, Andrew K. Skidmore

Urban trees provide essential social, economic, and environmental benefits. The sustainable management of urban trees often requires basic information at the individual tree level. Aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR are two primary remote sensing data sources widely used in developed countries for large-scale mapping of individual trees in urban areas. However, limited by the imaging principles of different data modes, achieving high mapping accuracy for individual trees using either of these two datasets alone is challenging. In this study, we aimed to leverage the respective advantages of aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR to improve the detection accuracy of individual trees. Utilizing a RetinaNet-based deep learning model, we first identified key metrics from aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR data for individual tree detection. Then, we rectified the misalignment of individual trees between the aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR data using a newly described object-oriented approach. Finally, we detected individual trees at the pixel level and the decision level, respectively. For pixel-level fusion, we combined the selected metrics (i.e., the red, green, and infrared bands as well as the canopy maximum model) from two datasets to detect individual trees. At the decision level, we fused the crowns of individual trees detected from the two rectified datasets. Our findings reveal that rectifying the misalignment between individual trees in both datasets significantly enhances detection accuracy, resulting in a notable increase in F1-score from 0.724 to 0.828. Furthermore, our results indicate that the decision-level data fusion approach yields the highest detection accuracy, with an F1-score of 0.814. This performance surpasses that of aerial photographs (F1-score: 0.592) and airborne LiDAR (F1-score: 0.776) individually. Our study underscores that integrating aerial photographs and airborne LiDAR data is an effective approach to improve the detection accuracy of individual trees in heterogeneous urban and peri-urban landscapes.

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引用次数: 0