Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity of sand-gravel mixtures: An experimental investigation","authors":"Abilash Pokhrel ,&nbsp;Gabriele Chiaro","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Case histories from more than 30 earthquakes worldwide have shown that liquefaction can occur in gravelly soils (both in natural deposits and manmade reclamations), resulting in large ground deformation and severe damage to civil infrastructure. However, evaluating the liquefaction potential and cyclic strain accumulation characteristics of gravelly soils remains a major challenge in geotechnical earthquake engineering. In this study, to provide new insights into this important topic, a series of stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed, along with bender element shear wave velocity (<em>V</em>_S) measurements, on reconstituted specimens of sand-gravel mixtures (SGM) with varying gravel contents (<em>G</em>_C) and relative densities (<em>D</em>_r). The experimental results indicated that both <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r have significant effects on the cyclic resistance ratio (<em>CRR</em>) and <em>V</em>_S of SGMs, and both parameters should be considered jointly when evaluating the cyclic response, as similar macroscopic behavior can result from different combinations of density state and particle-size composition. Laboratory-based <em>G</em>_C-specific <em>CRR</em>-<em>V</em>_S correlations were also developed and found to be consistent with existing <em>V</em>_S-based liquefaction triggering relationships derived from gravelly soil case histories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DAS scaling relations for S-waves in Mexico City: From peak ground motion to spectral amplitude and acceleration assessment","authors":"Manuel J. Aguilar-Velázquez ,&nbsp;Satoshi Ide ,&nbsp;Mathieu Perton ,&nbsp;Zack J. Spica","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is popular in seismological research for its high-resolution, spatially distributed seismic records. Unlike conventional seismic instruments, DAS measures strain rate, which requires appropriate scaling to interpret the data in terms of ground motion. This article presents two perspectives on S-wave DAS-based scaling relations for earthquakes recorded in Mexico City. The first perspective explores two models. (1) a frequency-independent relation that uses earthquake magnitude, hypocentral distance, and average site response to explain the peak strain rate amplitude. (2) a frequency-dependent relation that incorporates the source spectrum, hypocentral distance, and a frequency-dependent site response to derive the strain-rate spectrum. The second perspective explores the well-known proportional relationship between strain rate and acceleration records using a nearby seismic station data. Our results show that, for the first-perspective models, the source and geometrical spreading coefficients match theoretical expectations, while <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> retrieval from (2) is well constrained within in a frequency band limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (suggesting reliability for <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>w</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo></mrow></math></span> 5.0), and the site effect terms correlate with the geological and infrastructural features. For the second perspective, as anticipated, we confirm that the strain rate-acceleration proportionality is governed by shallow S-wave velocity in minimally stratified structures. Analogous to a puzzle, the first-perspective models provide practical tools for estimating earthquake magnitude and characterizing site effects. In conjunction with the rapid PGA estimations derived from the second perspective, DAS can be positioned as a powerful tool with for seismic studies in Mexico City.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of seismic wave detection using genetic algorithm–based optimized FIR filters","authors":"Seda Guzel Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic signals are used for the detection of ongoing earthquakes, the assessment of their magnitudes, and the identification of their source locations. However, seismic signals are often recorded alongside unwanted interference perceived as noise, making it challenging to extract the desired information. This study aimed to ensure the accurate detection of earthquake events by effectively eliminating noise from seismic signals, thereby enhancing the identification of seismic occurrences. A novel genetic algorithm (GA)–based window function was developed to achieve an efficient filter design by minimizing undesirable side lobes and fluctuations in the transition band in digital filtering. As a noise reduction technique, the GA-based finite impulse response digital filtering method (GAFIR) was employed. To evaluate the filtered signals, a modified short-term average–long-term average method was used. Using the proposed approach, the accuracy and recall metrics improved from 0.88 to 0.86 to 0.956 and 1.0, respectively. The study concludes that seismic signals filtered using the proposed GAFIR method are capable of predicting earthquake occurrences with high precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robustness analysis of HVSR-derived soil fundamental frequency estimates in an urban seismic network","authors":"Kaan Hakan Coban ,&nbsp;Jordi Díaz ,&nbsp;Albert Macau ,&nbsp;Helena Seivane ,&nbsp;Sara Figueras ,&nbsp;Martin Schimmel ,&nbsp;Pilar Sánchez-Pastor ,&nbsp;Samuel Jorde","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microtremor data acquired using permanent and temporary seismic deployments within the city of Barcelona were used to systematically analyze the robustness of the soil fundamental frequency and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) amplitude estimates, leveraging the long recording period, in the order of several months, available for most of the stations. The analysis considers different time-window lengths, times of day, and seasons of the year. Overall, the results are consistent; however, we identified specific time intervals in which the results, particularly the amplitude of the HVSR peak, deviate significantly from the mean. We have observed that during these intervals, the seismic energy in the microseismic peak is lower than average, due to reduced sea wave activity. Therefore, we interpret that during the periods of calm seas, the HVSR results may be biased because of insufficient seismic energy. The new set of HVSR estimates has been integrated with existing data to obtain an updated map of the soil fundamental frequency in Barcelona, contributing to improved microzonation and seismic risk assessment in the city. Furthermore, we show that the soil fundamental frequency map serve as a proxy of the thickness of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover, yielding results consistent with previous observations based on variations in the amplitude of ambient seismic noise in the 2–20 Hz band during the period of low anthropogenic activity caused by the lockdown measures decreed during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel self-centering damper for seismic resilience: development, modeling, and validation","authors":"Beco Chenadaire Lekeufack,&nbsp;Bo Fu,&nbsp;Mabor Achol Samuel","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent earthquakes in Turkey, Syria, Morocco, and China exposed critical building vulnerabilities under multi-hazard conditions, revealing the urgent need to improve structural resilience beyond strength-focused retrofitting methods like X-bracing and cross-sectional expansion. While these methods offer some improvements, they generally lack sufficient energy dissipation capacity, leading to inadequate performance during extreme events. Recently, self-centering systems have been proposed to address these challenges by combining energy dissipation with automatic recentering. Nevertheless, many existing dampers still face the problem of residual drift, which diminishes performance, compromises safety, and increases economic losses. This study introduces a novel energy-dissipative self-centering damper (NEDSCD) that couples the high energy dissipation of metallic yielding dampers with the reliable recentering ability of pre-compressed disc springs. Unlike shape-memory-alloy-based dampers, the NEDSCD's hybrid design simplifies construction while maintaining stable flag-shaped hysteretic behavior. Theoretical analytical models were developed to characterize the damper's force-displacement response and validated against experimental data from previous studies. To evaluate their performance, three steel moment-resisting frame buildings (5-story, 10-story, and 15-story) were subjected to 22 ground motions through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Fragility curve analysis demonstrated that the proposed damper enhances seismic energy absorption and substantially improves resilience compared to conventional dampers. Key resilience improvements at the 50 % probability of damage exceedance were 8.0 % (5-story), 11.5 % (10-story), and 12.5 % (15-story). By effectively combining energy dissipation with autonomous recentering, the NEDSCD offers a scalable, low-maintenance solution for upgrading seismic resilience in vulnerable infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic site characterization and classification in Cameroon using full microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio analysis and inversion","authors":"Agostiny Marrios Lontsi ,&nbsp;Joel Fabiola Tchokouata Tchapleu ,&nbsp;Alain Pierre Kamga Tokam ,&nbsp;Junior Tabi Ndiparray ,&nbsp;Delair Dieudonné Etoundi Ndibi ,&nbsp;Serge Beteh ,&nbsp;Anthony Wirdzenyuy Jimmesiy ,&nbsp;Tabod Charles Tabod","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The non-destructive and cost-efficient single-station microtremor horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio method was used to characterize the temporary broadband station sites of the Cameroon passive-source seismic experiment. Seismic site characterization was performed by processing ambient seismic noise to obtain the H/V spectral ratio, estimating the site fundamental frequency, inverting the full spectrum of the microtremor H/V curves for shear-wave velocity profiles, and classifying the investigated sites according to established seismic building codes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The temporary (2005–2007) Cameroon passive-source seismic experiment deployed 32 three-component broadband seismometers distributed across the country. At each site, the microtremor H/V spectral ratio was estimated over the frequency range of 0.2–20 Hz. The extracted fundamental frequencies ranged from &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;58&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;09&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Hz at station CM15 (Melong) to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;26&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;09&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Hz at station CM12 (Ntui), with peak amplitudes varying from 2.2 at station CM09 (Ekona) to 12.7 at station CM32 (Maroua). These results indicate pronounced site effects associated with variable soil thicknesses and the potential for significant ground-motion amplification during earthquakes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Temporal variation in the H/V curves was evaluated over the entire recording period. Although some sites exhibited variations exceeding &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;60%, most H/V curves were stable, with amplitude changes generally within &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;20%. This stability provided quality assurance that the selected inversion targets were not affected by non-site-related features. The full spectrum of the H/V curves were then inverted to estimate shear-wave velocity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) profiles at respective stations. The resulting profiles were compared with those obtained from constrained inversion of the ellipticity curves using the site fundamental frequency. At Campo (CM01), lithological information was further compared with data from an independent electro-seismic survey.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;From the estimated &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; profiles, the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) was calculated for each site. The &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values range from 252 to 1691 m/s, corresponding to soil classes C to A according to Eurocode 8. This study provides the first comprehensive database of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; a","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shake table experimental study on a small radius curved bridge with unequal height piers","authors":"Chiyu Jiao ,&nbsp;Shiqi Cao ,&nbsp;Suiwen Wu ,&nbsp;Yangjie Li ,&nbsp;Rong Fang ,&nbsp;Kangshun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the seismic performance of small radius curved bridges with unequal height piers, a shake table experiment was conducted on a 1/20-scale model of a 4 × 20m small radius curved box girder prototype bridge with a radius of curvature of 50m. To begin, the design of the bridge model is introduced and the similitude law is described and rigorously satisfied. Three near-fault and three far-field ground motions were selected to excite the bridge model at multiple intensity levels. Results indicated that the most critical input direction for the tested bridge model was perpendicular to the secant connecting the medium and short piers. owing to the pier height inequality, the seismic responses exhibit pronounced spatial irregularity. Both girder acceleration and displacement responses, particularly radial displacement, were significantly larger at the tall-pier end than at the short-pier end, a phenomenon attributed primarily to the activation of the torsional vibration mode. Meanwhile, the largest tangential displacement occurred at the interior edge of girder at the tall pier side, indicating higher risk of girder unseating at this location. Furthermore, near-fault ground motions can further amplify the global acceleration and displacement responses due to structural irregularity. Additionally, among single-column piers, the shorter pier, possessing the highest stiffness, experienced the largest shear forces and bending moments at its base, making it the most vulnerable component. Thus, adequate bending and shear capacity must be ensured for short piers in the design of such bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic pulse propagation: Analytical modeling and exact soliton solutions","authors":"Muhammad Abubakar Isah ,&nbsp;Asıf Yokuş","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic wave modeling plays a fundamental role in petroleum and natural gas exploration, earthquake engineering, and environmental sciences. Analytical representations of seismic wave propagation provide insight into subsurface structure and contribute to improve seismic hazard assessment. This paper derives seismic wave equations from the stress–strain relationship and investigates traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The analytical framework is constructed through the Jacobi elliptic function method, which enables the generation of soliton and rogue-wave-type structures within nonlinear dispersive media. In contrast to classical approaches, the proposed formulation allows the wave parameters to be explicitly associated with physically interpretable quantities such as soliton velocity, frequency, and amplitude, revealing their influence on wave evolution and stability. Numerical visualizations are presented to illustrate the transition between bright solitons, dark–bright rogue waves, and hybrid wave patterns, showing how parameter variations modulate the internal wave dynamics. Additionally, the relationship between soliton velocity and characteristic wave velocity has been emphasized, and its impact on the energy distribution, amplitude, and phase dynamics of the generated solutions has been discussed. The results demonstrate that periodic and localized traveling wave modes may emerge for <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>u</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>, offering new perspectives on the propagation characteristics of space seismic surface waves in heterogeneous seismic media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based national Vs30 models and maps for Italy","authors":"Federico Mori ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Naso ,&nbsp;Amerigo Mendicelli ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ciotoli","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a machine learning XGBoost–SHAP framework to estimate time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (Vs₃₀) across Italy using over 20,000 in-situ measurements. The method integrates continuous variables (e.g., elevation, slope, distances to coast, rivers, and lake) and two categorical supports (e.g, lithological and physiographic units). Two independent XGBoost models are trained and their residuals modelled, enabling the construction of a final combined Vs₃₀ map, at 300 m resolution, through inverse-error weighting. This integrated approach captures both geological and physiographical controls, while reducing local prediction errors.</div><div>The resulting model achieves a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of approximately 120 m/s and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.64, representing a substantial improvement over the previous national Vs₃₀ map (R² = 0.14). SHAP analysis confirms the interpretability and physical coherence of the predictions, highlighting slope, elevation, and terrain lithological and physiographic classes as key drivers.</div><div>Importantly, the framework avoids the common oversimplification of assigning fixed Vs₃₀ values to categorical units, a practice that often results in discrete or binary maps. Instead, it generates a continuous and data-driven surface that more accurately reflects the true spatial variability of near-surface seismic velocities. V_s30 dataset and maps are available at <span><span>https://zenodo.org/records/17800638</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of spectrum-compatible near-fault ground motions based on time-domain wavelet superposition","authors":"Hongwu Yang,&nbsp;Yingmin Li,&nbsp;Weihao Pan,&nbsp;Lei Hu,&nbsp;Zheqian Wu,&nbsp;Baolong Jiang,&nbsp;Ruifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional techniques for generating spectrum-compatible ground motions are inadequate for near-fault ground motions due to the presence of velocity pulses in certain near-fault ground motions. The extant spectral matching methods for near-fault ground motions are generally applicable solely to forward-directivity ground motions, rather than to fling-step ground motions. This study presents a method for generating spectrum-compatible ground motions that applies to all types of near-fault ground motions (forward-directivity, fling-step, and non-pulse ground motions). By controlling the selection condition of the wavelet adjustment function and adjusting the amplitude adjustment coefficient of the wavelet, no baseline offset is introduced during the spectral matching process. The preservation of the pulse characteristics is also achieved as much as possible by classifying, scaling, and sorting the seed ground motions. The proposed method has no filtering process and can accurately preserve the permanent displacement characteristics of the fling-step ground motions. The generated near-fault ground motions can be used for dynamic analysis in the structural design process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 110127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}