Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献_第2页

Seismic response characteristics and instability mechanism of strongly weathered sandstone high-steep slopes containing two tunnels 含两条隧道的强风化砂岩高陡边坡地震响应特征及失稳机制

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110094

Ziheng Wan , Xinwei Tang , Danqing Song , Wanpeng Shi , Xiaoli Liu , Yifeng Yang

Twin tunnel slope systems are widely used in mountainous western China. Frequent strong earthquakes pose serious challenges to their reliability. This work is based on an actual project and employs a multidomain coupled perspective to investigate the dynamic response of twin tunnel slope systems. Three models were developed: a slope without tunnels, a slope with orthogonal twin tunnels, and a slope with parallel twin tunnels. In addition, the effects of tunnel spatial configuration on the system response were evaluated by comparing the orthogonal and parallel layouts. The results show that twin tunnels significantly influence dynamic response of slope, and that the parallel layout exerts much stronger influence on the slope response than the orthogonal configuration. In the parallel system, PGA_max decreases by 23 % relative to the no-tunnel case; Fourier spectral analysis further indicates that this layout produces the most pronounced high-frequency filtering within the strongly weathered layer for components above 4 Hz; In addition, the maximum amplitude of the Hilbert spectrum in slope drops by 51 %, and its dominant frequency range contracts from 0-30 Hz to 0–12 Hz. For multidomain coupled analysis, this work proposes a “Acceleration–Arias intensity–Hilbert spectrum” method. This method describes the evolution of ground motion intensity, frequency characteristics, and seismic wave energy over time. It effectively identifies slope failure modes under different tunnel layouts: the orthogonal system exhibits overall instability, whereas the parallel system shows local failure that progressively extends to overall instability. This work can provide reference for tunnel construction in mountainous areas.

双隧道边坡系统在中国西部山区被广泛应用。频繁的强震对其可靠性提出了严峻的挑战。本文以实际工程为基础，采用多域耦合的视角研究双隧道边坡系统的动力响应。建立了三种模型：无隧道边坡、有正交双隧道边坡和有平行双隧道边坡。此外，通过对比正交和平行布置，评价了隧道空间构型对系统响应的影响。结果表明：双隧道对边坡动力响应有显著影响，且并联隧道对边坡动力响应的影响远大于正交隧道。在并行系统中，PGAmax相对于无隧道情况降低了23%；傅里叶光谱分析进一步表明，这种布局在强风化层内对4hz以上的分量产生最明显的高频滤波；此外，希尔伯特谱在斜率上的最大幅值下降了51%，其主导频率范围从0-30 Hz缩小到0-12 Hz。对于多域耦合分析，本文提出了一种“加速度-阿里亚斯强度-希尔伯特谱”方法。该方法描述了地震动强度、频率特征和地震波能量随时间的演变。该方法可有效识别不同隧道布置下的边坡破坏模式：正交系统表现为整体失稳，而平行系统表现为局部失稳，逐渐扩展到整体失稳。本工作可为山区隧道施工提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Improved seismic performance assessment of high ACCWD based on the integrated seismic performance index and cloud - multiple stripes analysis method 基于综合地震性能指标和云多条纹分析法的高ACCWD地震性能评价改进

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110093

Benbo Sun , Mingjiang Deng , Jia Xu , Hongbo Tan

Earthquake-induced sudden strong ground motions (GMs) may cause severe damage to high asphalt concrete core wall dams (ACCWDs), leading to catastrophic economic and social consequences. Optimizing seismic design methodologies and enhancing the aseismic resilience of dams have emerged as critical imperatives in hydraulic engineering. Currently, performance-based seismic design is increasingly being incorporated into dam safety evaluation and aseismic design, requiring suitable indicators to describe dam limit states and functional performance. Traditionally, the classification of seismic damage levels for dams and the development of fragility curves have predominantly relied on single indicators, making it difficult to comprehensively consider damage states at different critical locations of the dam body. Additionally, the determination of the damage states primarily depends on engineering experience and expert judgment, neglecting the influences of uncertainties and the fuzziness of damage thresholds. To overcome these issues, this paper develops an integrated seismic performance index utilizing the analytic hierarchy process technique, the entropy weight method, and game theory. Meanwhile, the improved seismic performance assessment method that combines the MSA and cloud model is also conducted to generate the seismic vulnerability curves for the dam. The findings indicate that the integrated seismic performance index and cloud–multiple stripes analysis method facilitate thorough damage assessment and enhance the accuracy of estimating the probability of dam failure. The seismic performance index and enhanced vulnerability analysis methodologies should be systematically integrated into practical engineering applications to bolster seismic safety for ACCWDs.

地震引起的突发性强地震动会对高沥青混凝土心墙坝造成严重的破坏，造成灾难性的经济和社会后果。优化抗震设计方法和提高大坝的抗震能力已成为水利工程中的当务之急。目前，基于性能的抗震设计越来越多地纳入大坝安全评价和抗震设计，需要合适的指标来描述大坝的极限状态和功能性能。传统上，大坝震害等级的划分和易损性曲线的发展主要依靠单一指标，难以综合考虑坝体不同关键部位的损伤状态。损伤状态的确定主要依靠工程经验和专家判断，忽略了损伤阈值的不确定性和模糊性的影响。为了克服这些问题，本文利用层次分析法、熵权法和博弈论建立了综合抗震性能指标。同时，采用改进的MSA与云模型相结合的抗震性能评价方法，生成大坝的地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明，综合抗震性能指标和云-多重条纹分析法有利于损伤评估的深入，提高了溃坝概率估计的准确性。应将抗震性能指标和改进的易损性分析方法系统地结合到实际工程应用中，以提高accwd的抗震安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Study on mechanical response and meso-scale behaviour of pile-soil interface under traffic loading 交通荷载作用下桩-土界面力学响应及细观特性研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110120

Qingyao Zhang , Jukun Guo , Rui Guo , Wan Zhang , Shengxiang Tang , Yajuan Huang , Jiahao Zhang

To clarify the mechanical response of the pile–soil interface in a pile–soil composite subgrade under traffic loading, a series of constant-normal-load (CNL) and dynamic-normal-load (DNL) cyclic shear tests were performed using a self-developed dynamic shear apparatus for structure–soil interfaces. The influences of interface roughness, initial normal stress, shear rate and normal-stress frequency on the macroscopic mechanical behaviour were systematically investigated. Coupled with three-dimensional discrete-element simulations (PFC^3D), the micro-mechanical evolution during interface shearing was revealed at the meso-scale. The results show that increasing roughness or initial normal stress markedly elevates interface shear stress and enlarges the interface friction angle. In DNL tests, a higher shear rate shifts the shear-stress curve upward and amplifies its fluctuation, with a particularly pronounced increase in peak shear stress; under CNL conditions, however, the influence of shear rate is negligible. An increase in load frequency lowers the shear-stress curve and narrows its fluctuation range. The phase lag of shear stress relative to normal stress is about 0.05 cycle, and interface shear strength decreases logarithmically with increasing frequency. The shear zone thickness is approximately 4.88 times the d_50. During shearing, the contact-force chain gradually concentrates around the structure and forms a high-strength force-chain cluster. Under high initial stress, higher porosity and a lower coordination number yield a denser force-chain network, a larger coordination number and better system stability. However, the porosity under low-frequency loads is relatively high. The findings provide a theoretical basis and parameter reference for the design and long-term performance evaluation of pile–soil composite subgrades subjected to traffic loading.

为明确交通荷载作用下桩-土复合地基桩-土界面的力学响应，采用自行研制的结构-土界面动剪仪进行了一系列常法向荷载（CNL）和动法向荷载（DNL）循环剪切试验。系统地研究了界面粗糙度、初始正应力、剪切速率和正应力频率对宏观力学行为的影响。结合三维离散元模拟（PFC3D），在细观尺度上揭示了界面剪切过程中的微观力学演化。结果表明，粗糙度或初始法向应力的增加会显著提高界面剪应力，增大界面摩擦角。在DNL试验中，较高的剪切速率使剪切应力曲线向上移动并放大其波动，剪应力峰值增加尤为明显；而在CNL条件下，剪切速率的影响可以忽略不计。加载频率的增加降低了剪切应力曲线，减小了其波动范围。剪切应力相对于正应力的相位滞后约为0.05个周期，界面抗剪强度随频率的增加呈对数递减。剪切带厚度约为d50的4.88倍。在剪切过程中，接触力链逐渐集中在结构周围，形成高强度力链簇。在高初始应力条件下，孔隙率越高，配位数越低，力链网络越致密，配位数越大，体系稳定性越好。但在低频荷载作用下，孔隙率较高。研究结果为交通荷载作用下桩土复合路基的设计和长期性能评价提供了理论依据和参数参考。

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引用次数: 0

Bayesian inversion method for soil layer velocity structures based on the earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio and its applications 基于地震纵横谱比的土层速度结构贝叶斯反演方法及其应用

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110034

Mianshui Rong , Yuxiao Zhang , Xiaojun Li , Pinghe Ni , Jixin Wang

On the basis of diffusion field theory, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) bridges the gap between soil layer characteristics and ground motion observations, enabling the inversion of soil layer parameters. However, the current HVSR inversion almost always adopts traditional deterministic inversion methods, resulting in significant uncertainty and making it difficult to evaluate the uncertainty of the inversion results. In this work, we propose a Bayesian inversion method for soil layer velocity structures to improve the assessment of uncertainty in inversion parameters. This method combines Bayesian principles with the earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (EHV) forward algorithm; earthquake ground motion recordings' S-wave components are considered data sources. Then, this proposed method is verified through synthetic examples. After that, it was practically applied to six KiK-net stations, which can be regarded as one-dimensional sites. On the basis of earthquake observations, the soil velocity structures at these six stations were inverted, and the uncertainty of the inversion results was analyzed. The results show that the proposed Bayesian inversion method is effective for identifying underground velocity structures given an initial model and parameter search ranges; it also enables a comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty of any parameter in the inversion model.

在扩散场理论的基础上，水平-垂直光谱比（HVSR）弥补了土层特征与地面运动观测之间的差距，使反演土层参数成为可能。然而，目前的HVSR反演几乎都采用传统的确定性反演方法，不确定性较大，难以对反演结果的不确定性进行评价。本文提出了一种基于贝叶斯模型的土层速度结构反演方法，以改进反演参数的不确定性评估。该方法将贝叶斯原理与地震横垂谱比（EHV）正演算法相结合；地震地震动记录的s波分量被认为是数据源。然后，通过综合算例对该方法进行了验证。之后实际应用到6个KiK-net站点，这些站点可以看作是一维站点。在地震观测的基础上，反演了这6个台站的土壤速度结构，并对反演结果的不确定性进行了分析。结果表明，在给定初始模型和参数搜索范围的情况下，所提出的贝叶斯反演方法能够有效地识别地下速度结构；它还可以全面评估反演模型中任何参数的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical modeling of pile with different bending stiffness under lateral spreading with distinct ground conditions: A 1-g shaking table investigation 不同地基条件下不同抗弯刚度桩侧扩的物理模拟：1-g振动台研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109973

Seyed Hoorman Gharavi Nyseany , Amin Bahmanpour , Hassan Negahdar , Mohsen Sabermahani

Lateral flow due to liquefaction is a significant contributor to extensive damage in structures supported by pile foundations during and after earthquakes. While a lot of research has been conducted on lateral flow and the soil-pile interaction, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how different levels of pile bending stiffness influence these interactions. In light of this, a series of 1 g shaking table tests were performed to analyze how piles with various bending stiffness respond to lateral forces under liquefaction conditions, particularly considering the impacts of ground slope and crust thickness. Findings highlight the complex interplay between soil conditions, pile design parameters, and their effects during seismic events. Additionally, the results from the experiments illustrate that neither increasing the thickness of the crust layer nor increasing the ground slope consistently leads to an increase in lateral forces for all piles. Interestingly, while liquefaction is a factor, it's not the primary cause of lateral soil displacement; rather, ground slope plays a more critical role. Essentially, with equal levels of liquefaction, a lower slope results in less lateral soil displacement. An increase in the thickness of the crust layer results in all piles experiencing a higher moment at the interface between the crust layer and the liquefied soil. Moreover, contrary to initial expectations, a decrease in ground slope leads to an increase in maximum moment near the top of piles with lower bending stiffness. In contrast, for piles with higher bending stiffness, the maximum moment decreases under similar conditions.

液化引起的横向流动是地震中桩基支撑结构大面积破坏的重要原因。虽然对横向流动和桩土相互作用进行了大量的研究，但对于不同水平的桩抗弯刚度对这些相互作用的影响仍然缺乏了解。为此，进行了一系列1 g振动台试验，分析了液化条件下不同抗弯刚度桩对侧力的响应，特别考虑了地基坡度和地壳厚度的影响。研究结果强调了土壤条件、桩设计参数及其在地震事件中的影响之间复杂的相互作用。此外，试验结果表明，无论是增加地壳层厚度还是增加地面坡度，都不会导致所有桩侧力的增加。有趣的是，虽然液化是一个因素，但它并不是土壤侧向位移的主要原因；相反，地面坡度起着更关键的作用。基本上，在同等液化水平下，较低的坡度导致较少的横向土壤位移。随着壳层厚度的增加，所有桩在壳层与液化土界面处的弯矩都增大。此外，与最初的预期相反，地面坡度的减小导致抗弯刚度较低的桩顶附近最大弯矩的增加。而对于抗弯刚度较高的桩，在相同条件下，最大弯矩减小。

{"title":"Physical modeling of pile with different bending stiffness under lateral spreading with distinct ground conditions: A 1-g shaking table investigation","authors":"Seyed Hoorman Gharavi Nyseany , Amin Bahmanpour , Hassan Negahdar , Mohsen Sabermahani","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral flow due to liquefaction is a significant contributor to extensive damage in structures supported by pile foundations during and after earthquakes. While a lot of research has been conducted on lateral flow and the soil-pile interaction, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how different levels of pile bending stiffness influence these interactions. In light of this, a series of 1 g shaking table tests were performed to analyze how piles with various bending stiffness respond to lateral forces under liquefaction conditions, particularly considering the impacts of ground slope and crust thickness. Findings highlight the complex interplay between soil conditions, pile design parameters, and their effects during seismic events. Additionally, the results from the experiments illustrate that neither increasing the thickness of the crust layer nor increasing the ground slope consistently leads to an increase in lateral forces for all piles. Interestingly, while liquefaction is a factor, it's not the primary cause of lateral soil displacement; rather, ground slope plays a more critical role. Essentially, with equal levels of liquefaction, a lower slope results in less lateral soil displacement. An increase in the thickness of the crust layer results in all piles experiencing a higher moment at the interface between the crust layer and the liquefied soil. Moreover, contrary to initial expectations, a decrease in ground slope leads to an increase in maximum moment near the top of piles with lower bending stiffness. In contrast, for piles with higher bending stiffness, the maximum moment decreases under similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of soil heterogeneity on the numerical simulation of liquefiable soil deposits using a multi-surface plasticity model 基于多表面塑性模型的土壤非均质性对可液化土层数值模拟的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110097

Vicente Mercado , María Pico , Jose Duque , Waleed El-Sekelly

This article presents the results of stochastic numerical analyses evaluating the impact of soil spatial variability on the response of liquefiable deposits under earthquake loading. The analyses were conducted using the Finite Element platform OpenSees and incorporating the characteristics of dynamic centrifuge tests developed as part of the LEAP-2020 project. The mechanical behavior of Ottawa F-65 sand, the material used in the centrifuge tests, was modeled with a pressure-dependent, multi-surface plasticity constitutive model. The model's parameters were calibrated based on a series of undrained cyclic triaxial and cyclic simple shear tests under varying initial conditions. Deterministic simulations were conducted and compared with LEAP-2020 centrifuge experimental data to assess the performance of the adopted modeling framework. Subsequently, a stochastic analysis was performed using the Random Finite Element Method (RFEM), where soil relative density was represented as a spatially correlated Gaussian random field. Spatial variability was explored through a range of correlation lengths, defined as the characteristic distance over which soil density values remain statistically correlated. The results indicate that accounting for soil variability in geotechnical systems is a powerful approach to predict soil response within a confidence interval, supporting safer and more efficient geotechnical design.

本文介绍了地震作用下土壤空间变异性对可液化沉积物响应影响的随机数值分析结果。分析是使用有限元平台OpenSees进行的，并结合了作为LEAP-2020项目一部分开发的动态离心机测试的特点。采用压力相关的多面塑性本构模型对离心试验中使用的渥太华F-65砂的力学行为进行了建模。通过一系列不同初始条件下的不排水循环三轴和循环单剪试验，对模型参数进行了标定。进行了确定性模拟，并与LEAP-2020离心机实验数据进行了比较，以评估所采用的建模框架的性能。随后，使用随机有限元法（RFEM）进行随机分析，其中土壤相对密度表示为空间相关的高斯随机场。空间变异性是通过一系列相关长度来探索的，相关长度定义为土壤密度值保持统计相关的特征距离。结果表明，考虑岩土系统中的土壤变异性是在置信区间内预测土壤反应的有力方法，支持更安全、更有效的岩土设计。

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引用次数: 0

Grain crushing and response of sands and slopes along slip surfaces until large sliding displacement 颗粒破碎及沿滑面砂坡的响应，直至大的滑动位移

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110074

Baofeng Di , Yucen Xie , Constantine A. Stamatopoulos , Petros Sidiropoulos

The damage which earthquake-induced landslides cause can be evaluated by predicting the displacement and comparing it to a tolerable one, which in some cases may be in the range of meters. In order to predict this displacement, constitutive models predicting soil response along slip surfaces until very large sliding displacement are needed. The constitutive models must be based on the prediction of actual physical quantities affecting soil response (soil density, excess pore pressure, fines content, sand grains hardness) in order for the practicing engineer to be able to perform parametric analyses for the investigation of the effect of different physical factors, and therefore mitigation measures as well, on landslide movement. Elasto-plastic critical state constitutive models simulating sand response along slip surfaces have been proposed. However, typically these models do not consider grain crushing and therefore simulate soil response only until sliding displacement of a few mm. The present work proposes for the first time a cost-effective but general critical state constitutive model which models sand response along slip surfaces until large sliding displacement by changing the critical state line location in terms of grain crushing-induced fines content change. In this way, the dramatic loss of strength at very large sliding displacement of even dense sands measured in ring shear tests under undrained conditions is predicted. The model is based on relationships which have been proposed in the literature, combined in a unique manner. Therefore, most model parameters are well-defined. Other model relationships are studied by analysis of recent data of laboratory tests performed by the authors. The proposed model is solved numerically and partly validated for ring shear tests under both drained and undrained conditions. Finally, the new constitutive model is coupled with a recently proposed cost-effective sliding system model simulating earthquake-induced landslide movement. This improved method, useful for the practicing engineer, is applied to illustrate the effect of grain crushing, drainage and sand density on the seismic displacement of a potentially unstable model slope.

地震引起的滑坡所造成的损害可以通过预测位移并将其与可容忍的位移进行比较来评估，在某些情况下，可容忍的位移可能在米的范围内。为了预测这种位移，需要本构模型来预测沿滑动面土体的响应，直到非常大的滑动位移。本构模型必须基于影响土壤响应的实际物理量（土密度、超孔隙压力、细粒含量、沙粒硬度）的预测，以便实践工程师能够对不同物理因素的影响进行参数化分析，从而采取缓解措施，对滑坡运动进行调查。提出了模拟砂土沿滑面响应的弹塑性临界状态本构模型。然而，这些模型通常不考虑颗粒破碎，因此只能模拟几毫米滑动位移之前的土壤响应。本工作首次提出了一个经济有效但通用的临界状态本构模型，该模型通过改变颗粒破碎引起的细粒含量变化的临界状态线位置来模拟沿滑动面直至大滑动位移之前的砂响应。通过这种方法，预测了在不排水条件下环剪试验中测得的致密砂土在很大滑动位移下的剧烈强度损失。该模型以文献中提出的关系为基础，以独特的方式组合在一起。因此，大多数模型参数都是定义良好的。通过分析作者最近进行的实验室试验数据，对其他模型关系进行了研究。对该模型进行了数值求解，并在排水和不排水条件下进行了环剪试验。最后，将新的本构模型与最近提出的具有成本效益的模拟地震诱发滑坡运动的滑动系统模型相结合。应用改进后的方法对潜在失稳模型边坡的地震位移进行了分析，说明了颗粒破碎、排水和砂密度对模型边坡地震位移的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of power infrastructure vulnerability to seismic hazards in China 中国电力基础设施地震易损性风险评估

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110060

Chenyi Liu , Zhe Zhang , Lixin Yi , Jian Liu , Yingchun Dong , Liyuan Wei , Shenggang Yin

This study develops the first county-level quantitative framework for assessing seismic risk to China's power infrastructure, introducing several key methodological innovations. Integrating multi-source data, including spatial distributions of power facilities, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) terrain classification and seismic motion parameters across multiple return periods, the framework establishes China-specific fragility functions calibrated with historical seismic damage data, systematically incorporates terrain-dependent reconstruction costs into transmission line vulnerability assessment, and pioneers the application of dual-dimensional risk metrics at the county level: Annualized Earthquake Loss (AEL) and Annualized Earthquake Loss Ratio (AELR). Focusing on medium-to-low voltage grids (35 kV, 110 kV, and 220 kV) that form the operational backbone of China's power system, the assessment reveals pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seismic risk patterns. Western high-intensity fault zones exhibit elevated levels of both AEL and AELR due to active tectonics and heightened facility vulnerability. Conversely, densely populated eastern coastal regions show high AEL driven by asset concentration but superior resilience reflected in lower AELR. Northwestern and southwestern regions are primarily subject to cumulative risk from frequent moderate to small earthquakes, while the southeastern coast is more susceptible to extreme long return-period events. Notably, 220 kV substations exhibit disproportionately high vulnerability despite lower asset proportions. This framework provides a robust scientific basis and decision support for optimizing seismic resource allocation and enhancing power system resilience management across China.

本研究开发了第一个县级定量框架，用于评估中国电力基础设施的地震风险，介绍了几个关键的方法创新。该框架整合多源数据，包括电力设施的空间分布、数字高程模型（DEM）地形分类和多个回归期的地震运动参数，建立了中国特有的易损性函数，并以历史地震震害数据进行校准，系统地将地形相关重建成本纳入输电线路易损性评估；并率先在县一级应用二维风险指标：年化地震损失（AEL）和年化地震损失率（AELR）。以构成中国电力系统运行骨干的中低压电网（35千伏、110千伏和220千伏）为重点，评估揭示了地震风险模式的明显空间异质性。西部高强度断裂带由于活动构造和设施易损性的增加而表现出较高的AEL和AELR水平。相反，人口密集的东部沿海地区在资产集中的驱动下，AEL较高，但弹性较好，反映在AELR较低。西北和西南地区主要受到频繁的中小型地震的累积风险，而东南沿海地区更容易受到极端的长周期事件的影响。值得注意的是，尽管资产比例较低，但220千伏变电站却表现出不成比例的高脆弱性。该框架为优化地震资源配置和加强电力系统弹性管理提供了有力的科学依据和决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Refined tower mass coefficient for natural frequency of offshore wind turbines with SSI and P–Δ 带SSI和P的海上风力发电机固有频率的精细化塔质量系数-Δ

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110118

Abdullah Kürşat Demi̇r , Can Elmar Balas

One of the most critical aspects in the dynamic design of offshore wind turbines is the accurate determination of the first natural frequency. A key factor in this analysis is the inclusion of the tower mass in the dynamic model through appropriate mass-participation coefficients. In previous studies, these coefficients were derived under similar assumptions and have typically shown close numerical values. In the present study, the proposed coefficient differs by approximately 8–12 % from those reported in the literature and has been validated using data from turbines with various rated capacities, ranging from early designs to modern large-scale systems. The analysis further demonstrates that, when soil effects are considered, this coefficient should not be treated as a constant but rather as a function of soil stiffness and foundation displacement. Additionally, the influence of increasing rotor diameters—associated with higher rotor–nacelle–assembly (RNA) mass—and taller tower geometries is investigated in relation to the P–Δ effect (i.e., the global second-order geometric nonlinearity caused by axial load acting on the laterally displaced tower). Although these effects vary with tower dimensions and rated power, their overall influence on the natural frequency remains below 3 %. The findings indicate that the proposed coefficient enables more accurate estimation of the dynamic behavior of next-generation offshore wind turbines and can serve as a reliable correction parameter for preliminary design and resonance-free frequency assessment.

海上风力发电机动态设计中最关键的一个方面是第一固有频率的准确确定。该分析的一个关键因素是通过适当的质量参与系数将塔的质量纳入动力模型。在以前的研究中，这些系数是在类似的假设下推导出来的，通常显示出接近的数值。在本研究中，所提出的系数与文献报道的系数相差约8 - 12%，并已使用从早期设计到现代大型系统的各种额定容量涡轮机的数据进行了验证。分析进一步表明，当考虑土的影响时，该系数不应视为常数，而应视为土刚度和基础位移的函数。此外，增加转子直径（与更高的转子-机舱组件（RNA）质量相关）和更高的塔架几何形状的影响，研究了P -Δ效应（即，由轴向载荷作用于侧向位移的塔架引起的全局二阶几何非线性）。尽管这些影响随塔的尺寸和额定功率而变化，但它们对固有频率的总体影响仍低于3%。研究结果表明，所提出的系数可以更准确地估计下一代海上风力涡轮机的动态特性，并可以作为初步设计和无谐振频率评估的可靠校正参数。

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引用次数: 0

Toward explainable pile buckling capacity prediction in liquefiable strata: Integrating a hybrid framework of AutoML and SHAP 可液化地层中可解释桩屈曲能力预测：AutoML和SHAP混合框架的集成

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110116

Shengkun Wang , Zexiong Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xueyou Li

To overcome the reliance on empirical assumptions and computational costs in existing solutions, this study proposes an explainable machine learning framework for predicting pile buckling capacity in liquefiable strata. A buckling capacity dataset (800 datapoints) calculated from well-validated numerical method was utilized to train and test eight machine learning models. Input features included not only parameters related to pile-soil-structure, but also intensity measures related to ground motion. Subsequently, the predictive performance of models was appraised on the testing dataset using six evaluation metrics, and the prediction error of models was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the used Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) model outperformed all other models. After that, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique was integrated into the AutoML framework to quantify the contributions of input features to model predictions from both global and local perspectives. Based on SHAP analysis results, it was found that the slenderness ratio emerged as the most influential feature on the buckling capacity of piles in liquefied sites. Overall, this framework enables rapid and accurate prediction of pile buckling capacity and facilitates the optimization of pile design in practical engineering.

为了克服现有解决方案对经验假设和计算成本的依赖，本研究提出了一个可解释的机器学习框架，用于预测可液化地层中桩的屈曲能力。利用经过验证的数值方法计算出的屈曲能力数据集（800个数据点）来训练和测试8个机器学习模型。输入特征不仅包括桩土结构相关参数，还包括地震动相关强度指标。随后，在测试数据集上使用6个评价指标对模型的预测性能进行评价，并对模型的预测误差进行分析。结果表明，所使用的自动机器学习（AutoML）模型优于所有其他模型。之后，SHapley加性解释（SHAP）技术被集成到AutoML框架中，从全局和局部角度量化输入特征对模型预测的贡献。基于SHAP分析结果，发现长细比是液化场地桩基屈曲能力影响最大的特征。总体而言，该框架能够快速准确地预测桩的屈曲能力，有利于实际工程中桩的优化设计。

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