Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

A centrifuge model test on the influence of pile-soil structure on soft soil seismic response based on Hilbert Huang Transform 基于Hilbert Huang变换的桩土结构对软土地基地震反应影响的离心模型试验

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110226

Gan-Ling Xian , Jing-Yan Lan , Li-Chun Chen , Lei Wang , Chao-Yu Chang

Soft soil sites typically exhibit nonlinear behavior and pronounced surface amplification during seismic loading. As common foundations on such sites, pile foundations can alter local seismic responses through pile-soil interaction. However, pile-soil interaction is frequently simplified or overlooked in seismic design, rendering large-scale infrastructure on coastal soft soils susceptible to strong earthquakes and associated secondary hazards. To tackle this problem, a dynamic centrifuge test was conducted on a pile-group foundation in soft clay. Two accelerometer arrays were installed: the Aa array in the free-field zone (0.54 m from the pile cap center, model scale) as a reference, and the Ab array in the pile-influenced zone (0.12 m from the pile cap center, model scale) to measure pile-soil interaction effects. A three-dimensional numerical simulation consistent with the test conditions was also performed, and its results generally agree with the centrifuge test data. Data were analyzed using Arias intensity (AI), the Hilbert and marginal spectra from the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), and acceleration amplification factors. Results indicate that the pile-influenced zone undergoes a distinct dynamic process of energy input and release. Compared with the free-field zone, the pile-influenced zone accumulates more energy; its energy release shows an initial delay followed by a rapid increase. This behavior reveals an evolutionary mechanism of the pile-soil structural system (PSS): early-stage inhibition of seismic energy transmission, followed by mid-to-late stage local energy accumulation and accelerated release. The near-surface soft soil layer attenuates high-frequency seismic components and amplifies low-frequency components, an effect significantly enhanced by pile foundations. There is a fundamental difference in dynamic response mechanisms between the pile-influenced zone and free-field zone: the pile-influenced zone is governed by the PSS, whereas the free-field zone is dominated by wave interference and soil-layer filtering. Moreover, the frequency content of the input motion further modulates the amplification effect: seismic waves with lower dominant frequencies induce significantly higher amplification, and this effect is further enhanced in the pile-influenced zone.

软土场地在地震荷载作用下表现出典型的非线性行为和明显的地表放大。作为此类场地的普通基础，桩基础可以通过桩-土相互作用改变局部地震反应。然而，在抗震设计中，桩土相互作用往往被简化或忽视，使得沿海软土上的大型基础设施容易受到强震及其次生灾害的影响。为解决这一问题，在软粘土群桩基础上进行了动态离心试验。在自由场区（距离桩帽中心0.54 m，模型比例尺）安装两个加速度计阵列，Aa阵列作为参考；在桩影响区（距离桩帽中心0.12 m，模型比例尺）安装Ab阵列，用于测量桩土相互作用效应。并进行了符合试验条件的三维数值模拟，其结果与离心机试验数据基本吻合。利用Arias强度（AI）、Hilbert- huang变换（HHT）的Hilbert和边际谱以及加速度放大因子对数据进行分析。结果表明，桩影响区经历了一个明显的能量输入和释放的动态过程。与自由场区相比，桩影响区积累了更多的能量；它的能量释放表现出最初的延迟，随后迅速增加。这种行为揭示了桩土结构体系（PSS）的演化机制：地震能量传递的早期抑制，中后期局部能量积累和加速释放。近地表软土层对高频地震分量有衰减作用，对低频地震分量有放大作用，桩基础的作用明显增强。桩影响区与自由场区在动力响应机制上有着根本的区别：桩影响区受PSS控制，而自由场区受波干涉和土层滤波控制。此外，输入运动的频率含量进一步调节了放大效应，主导频率较低的地震波引起的放大效应明显较高，且这种效应在桩影响区进一步增强。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of composite seismic intensity measure based on Ridge Regression: Application to steel frame structures 基于脊回归的组合烈度测量方法的合成：在钢框架结构中的应用

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110227

Jiting Qu , Junwen Lin , Linsheng Huo

Appropriate seismic intensity measures (IMs) are crucial in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE). Individual scalar IMs frequently exhibit limitations in fully capturing ground motion amplitude, frequency and duration characteristics. Composite IMs enable comprehensive characterization of ground motion properties through the integration of individual scalar IMs, but this approach is confronted with the challenge of selecting efficient parameters amid the information redundancy arising from ground motion description. In this study, correlation analyses are conducted for 33 commonly used seismic IMs and a set of criteria for the classification and selection of seismic IMs is proposed. Building upon this foundation, a composite seismic IM is developed by employing the Ridge Regression (RR) method, which is capable of addressing multicollinearity among variables. The proposed approach for composite IMs synthesis is validated using steel frames of varying heights. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed seismic IM selection criteria and composite IM construction approach enable the effective development of a composite IM that comprehensively characterizes ground motion information while minimizing information redundancy. Compared with seven representative individual IMs, the proposed composite IM exhibits superior performance of three evaluation criteria.

在基于性能的地震工程中，适当的地震烈度测量是至关重要的。单个标量IMs在完全捕捉地面运动幅度、频率和持续时间特征方面经常表现出局限性。复合IMs通过对单个标量IMs的集成实现对地震动特性的综合表征，但这种方法面临着在地震动描述产生的信息冗余中选择有效参数的挑战。本文对33种常用的地震IMs进行了相关性分析，并提出了一套地震IMs的分类和选择准则。在此基础上，采用Ridge回归（RR）方法开发了复合地震IM，该方法能够解决变量之间的多重共线性问题。采用不同高度的钢框架对所提出的复合IMs合成方法进行了验证。分析结果表明，本文提出的地震干扰源选择准则和复合干扰源构建方法能够有效地开发综合表征地震动信息，同时最小化信息冗余的复合干扰源。与7个具有代表性的单项信息管理系统相比，本文提出的综合信息管理系统在3个评价指标上均表现出较好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

The origin and characteristics of seismic swarms in the Abu Dabbab district, Egypt's Eastern Desert, deduced from the analysis of seismograms 埃及东部沙漠阿布达巴布地区地震群的起源和特征，是从地震记录分析中推断出来的

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110211

Salah Elhadidy Youssef , Gad-Elkareem A. Mohamed , Mona Hamada , Hanan Gaber , Shimaa H. Elkhouly , Mona Abdelazim , Mohamed H. Yassien , M. Sami Soliman

Since the 19th century, the Abu Dabbab district in Egypt's Eastern Desert has experienced recurring earthquake swarms, with the most intense episode occurring from January 2003 to December 2004. The study examines earthquake swarms accompanied by rumbling sounds reminiscent of distant explosions. The study integrates waveform analysis, phase identification, frequency content, spatial and temporal distributions, depth variations, and b-values to provide concise insights into the mechanisms and origins of seismic activity. These combined approaches provide important insights into the mechanisms and origins of seismic activity. In this study we analyzed approximately 4058 earthquakes recorded by a temporary local network and permanent stations of the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN). Our analysis identified distinct types of different types of earthquakes and detected both long-period (LP) and very long-period (VLP) seismic signals on vertical components. The VLP signals suggest elastic ground deformation driven by pressure within a pressurized magma column, with the associated sounds likely originating near the upper section of the conduit. Also, the Abu Dabbab region is distinguished by a notably high b-value of approximately 2.5, with seismic activity patterns reflecting the combined influence of magma and tectonics in study area. These findings underscore the combined influence of regional rift-related extension and local factors such as dike intrusions and crustal heterogeneity in driving seismicity at Abu Dabbab. This characteristic enhances the accuracy of seismic hazard assessments and underscores the area's potential for sustainable geothermal energy development within an active tectonic environment.

自19世纪以来，埃及东部沙漠的阿布达巴布地区经历了反复出现的地震群，最强烈的一次发生在2003年1月至2004年12月。这项研究调查了地震群伴随隆隆的声音，让人想起远处的爆炸。该研究综合了波形分析、相位识别、频率含量、时空分布、深度变化和b值，为地震活动的机制和起源提供了简明的见解。这些综合方法为地震活动的机制和起源提供了重要的见解。在这项研究中，我们分析了埃及国家地震台网（ENSN）的临时本地网络和永久站点记录的大约4058次地震。我们的分析确定了不同类型的地震，并在垂直分量上检测到长周期（LP）和甚长周期（VLP）地震信号。VLP信号表明，由加压岩浆柱内的压力驱动的弹性地面变形，与之相关的声音可能来自管道上部附近。此外，Abu Dabbab地区的b值较高，约为2.5，其地震活动模式反映了岩浆和构造的综合影响。这些发现强调了区域裂谷相关伸展和局部因素（如岩脉侵入和地壳非均质性）对Abu Dabbab地震活动的共同影响。这一特征提高了地震灾害评估的准确性，并强调了该地区在活跃构造环境中可持续地热能源开发的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Cyclic liquefaction resistance of saturated clayey sands under asymmetrical cyclic loading conditions 非对称循环加载条件下饱和粘土砂的抗液化性

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110220

Pedram Fardad Amini , Xiao Wei , Jun Yang

The existence of initial static shear stress can significantly affect the liquefaction susceptibility of sloped grounds upon seismic loadings. However, the literature has primarily focused on the effect of sustained shear stress on the liquefaction strength of granular soils, and there is a lack of data on the impact of clay inclusion on the seismic response of sloped ground, which can lead to severe consequences. This paper reports a systematic experimental study to evaluate the liquefaction susceptibility of clayey Toyoura sands subjected to asymmetrical cyclic loading, thereby clarifying the roles of clay content, density state, and initial static shear stress ratio,

α

. The clayey sands exhibited various failure modes, including cyclic mobility, flow-failure, plastic strain accumulation, and a novel hybrid failure pattern of plastic strain accumulation followed by cyclic mobility. Initial static shear stress correction factors,

K_{α}

, were presented for clean, silty, and clayey sands at medium-dense and dense states. The present study showed that the previously established concept of threshold

α

,

α_{t h}

, for clean sands also applies to the clayey sands. The results demonstrated that clay inclusion significantly reduces the

K_{α}

and

α_{t h}

at different initial states, reflecting the detrimental impact of clay inclusion, which must be considered in practical applications. Within the critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework, unified linear correlations between CRR and initial state parameter,

ψ

, were found to exist for clean and clayey sands for each

α

-value. Lastly, a unique linear

α_{t h} - ψ

correlation was found to exist for clean, silty, and clayey sands.

初始静剪应力的存在会显著影响地震作用下斜坡地基的液化敏感性。然而，文献主要集中在持续剪切应力对颗粒土液化强度的影响上，缺乏关于粘土包裹体对倾斜地面地震反应影响的数据，这可能导致严重的后果。本文通过系统的试验研究，评价了不对称循环荷载作用下Toyoura粘土砂的液化敏感性，从而阐明了粘土含量、密度状态和初始静态剪应力比α。粘土砂表现出循环迁移、流动破坏、塑性应变积累等多种破坏模式，并呈现出塑性应变积累后循环迁移的混合破坏模式。给出了清洁砂、粉质砂和粘性砂在中、密状态下的初始静态剪应力修正系数Kα。研究表明，前人建立的洁净砂阈值α、αth的概念同样适用于粘性砂。结果表明，粘土包裹体显著降低了不同初始状态下的Kα和αth，反映了粘土包裹体的有害影响，在实际应用中必须考虑到这一点。在临界状态土力学（CSSM）框架下，洁净砂和粘性砂的CRR与初始状态参数ψ在各α-值上均存在统一的线性相关。最后，在洁净砂、粉质砂和粘土砂中发现了独特的线性αth−ψ相关关系。

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引用次数: 0

Centrifuge modelling with an equivalent mixed model for liquefaction response of deep sand ground 深层砂土地基液化响应的等效混合离心模拟

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110153

Xiao-Tian Yang, Yan-Guo Zhou, Qiang Ma, Yun-Min Chen

To address the limitations of physical modeling scale, an equivalent mixed model has been developed, consisting of three sub-layers: an overlying dry lead shot layer, a functional inter-layer, and an underlying liquefiable sand layer. And corresponding design criteria have been proposed, including scaling laws of stress, diffusion and stiffness. The overlying dry lead shot layer provides high overburden effective stress and horizontal inertial force to satisfy the scaling law of stress, the functional inter-layer satisfies the remaining two design criteria, and the liquefiable sand layer serves as the experimental observation. Two centrifuge model tests have been conducted, both with a maximum overburden effective stress of 400 kPa, including an equivalent mixed model and a conventional sand model incorporating the generalized scaling law (i.e., GSL). The “modeling of models” technique has been used to evaluate the implementation effect of the equivalent mixed model (i.e., EMM). The study shows that the EMM effectively replicates small-strain shear modulus, acceleration response, settlement under small motions, the generation of excess pore water pressure, and residual excess pore water pressure. However, discrepancy has been observed in the dissipation time of excess pore water pressure. Further research is desired to improve the preparation and quality control of the functional inter-layer.

为了解决物理建模尺度的局限性，开发了一个等效的混合模型，该模型由三个子层组成：上覆的干铅砂层、功能夹层和下覆的可液化砂层。并提出了相应的设计准则，包括应力、扩散和刚度的标度规律。上覆干铅砂层提供高的覆盖层有效应力和水平惯性力，满足应力标度规律，功能夹层满足其余两个设计准则，可液化砂层作为实验观测。进行了两次离心模型试验，最大覆盖层有效应力均为400千帕，包括等效混合模型和包含广义标度规律的常规砂模型（即GSL）。“模型的建模”技术被用于评估等效混合模型（即EMM）的实施效果。研究表明，EMM有效地模拟了小应变剪切模量、加速度响应、小运动沉降、超孔隙水压力的产生和残余超孔隙水压力。但超孔隙水压力的消散时间存在差异。需要进一步的研究来改进功能中间层的制备和质量控制。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the long-term degradation of fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems on the seismic retrofitting of historical masonry structures 纤维增强胶凝基质（FRCM）体系长期退化对历史砌体结构抗震加固的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110129

R. Labernarda, F. Mazza

Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems are emerging as a reliable seismic retrofitting solution for historical structures, due to their mechanical compatibility with the masonry substrate. However, long-term durability remains a critical issue, since FRCM performance can undergo significant degradation under temperature variations and long-time exposure to aggressive environments. Specifically, whereas the strength degradation of FRCM composites is due to the effect of temperature variations on the mortar, the integrity of the fibrous reinforcements is compromised by chemical interactions with the surrounding alkaline lime-based matrix. In the present work, the long-term seismic performance of FRCM systems is analysed with reference to lime-based mortar reinforcements, with basalt (B-FRCM) and E-glass (G-FRCM) fibres. To this end, an extensive numerical investigation is carried out considering the seismic retrofitting with FRCM systems of the unreinforced masonry (URM) walls of historical buildings, characterised by different thickness and inter-storey height, interior and exterior in-plan position, and symmetric and asymmetric in-elevation distribution of openings. The FRCM systems are first designed for shear and flexural strengthening, in line with the provisions of CNR-DT 215/2018. The URM walls are discretised according to the equivalent frame model proposed in the TREMURI software, considering piers and spandrels as structural elements. Degradation of the mechanical properties of B-FRCM and G-FRCM systems resulting from experimental results available in the literature are analysed with reference to two environmental conditions: i.e. temperature variations, ranging from a reference (e.g. 23 °C) up to a maximum (e.g. 80 °C) ambient value corresponding to intense solar radiation; accelerated ageing times, varying from 7 to 180 days. In the end, nonlinear static analyses of the unreinforced (URM) and retrofitted (RM) structures are carried out to assess the influence of such degradation phenomena on the overall effectiveness of the B-FRCM and G-FRCM systems against in-plane failure mechanisms of masonry panels.

纤维增强水泥基质（FRCM）系统由于其与砌体基板的力学相容性，正成为历史建筑可靠的抗震加固解决方案。然而，长期耐久性仍然是一个关键问题，因为FRCM的性能在温度变化和长时间暴露于恶劣环境下会显著下降。具体来说，FRCM复合材料的强度退化是由于温度变化对砂浆的影响，而纤维增强材料的完整性则受到与周围碱性石灰基基质的化学相互作用的损害。在目前的工作中，参考石灰基砂浆增强，玄武岩（B-FRCM）和e-玻璃（G-FRCM）纤维，分析了FRCM体系的长期抗震性能。为此，对历史建筑的无筋砌体（URM）墙体进行了广泛的数值研究，考虑了FRCM系统的抗震改造，其特点是不同的厚度和层间高度，内部和外部平面位置，以及对称和不对称的立面开口分布。FRCM系统首先设计用于剪切和弯曲加固，符合CNR-DT 215/2018的规定。根据TREMURI软件中提出的等效框架模型，将桥墩和桁梁作为结构单元，对URM墙体进行离散。参考两种环境条件分析了B-FRCM和G-FRCM系统的机械性能退化，这些退化是由文献中可用的实验结果引起的：即温度变化，范围从参考（例如23°C）到最大（例如80°C）环境值，对应于强烈的太阳辐射；加速老化时间，从7天到180天不等。最后，对未加固（URM）和加固（RM）结构进行了非线性静力分析，以评估这种退化现象对B-FRCM和G-FRCM体系对砌体面板面内破坏机制的整体有效性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the influence of wide range pre-shear strain and pre-shear direction on the cyclic dynamic characteristics of sand using discrete element method 用离散元法研究大范围预剪应变和预剪方向对砂土循环动力特性的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110167

Chenpeng Shen , Dechun Lu , Xiaoli Wang , Xin Zhou

Utilizing the discrete element particle flow software PFC^3D, specimens with pre-shear strains ranging from 0.01% to 5% are prepared through cyclic drainage. The influence of pre-shear strain and direction on the macroscopic and microscopic dynamic characteristics, microstructure evolution, and shear modulus attenuation of sand is analyzed. Results indicate that pre-shear strain limits flow deformation development post-liquefaction. As pre-shear strain increases, the flow sliding behavior in small pre-shear strain specimens transitions to cyclic activity in large pre-shear strain specimens after initial liquefaction. The porosity ratio, redundancy index, and slip ratio exhibit an initial decrease, subsequent increase, and final decrease with increasing pre-shear strain. Analysis of initial liquefaction cycle times and cumulative pore water pressure rates confirms that small pre-shear strains enhance soil liquefaction resistance, whereas medium to large strains reduce it. When cyclic loading opposes the pre-shear direction, specimens exhibit fewer initial liquefaction cycles, accelerated pore water pressure accumulation, faster shear modulus decay, and diminished anti-liquefaction capacity. For small pre-shear strain specimens, maximum normal and tangential contact forces increase with strain, with normal contact forces aligned vertically; in large pre-shear strain specimens, the maximum normal contact force direction deviates approximately 10° from vertical. Larger pre-shear strains correlate with faster shear modulus attenuation. Crucially, the results suggest that fabric anisotropy plays a more influential role than void ratio changes under the examined conditions.

利用离散元颗粒流软件PFC3D，通过循环排水制备预剪应变范围为0.01% ~ 5%的试件。分析了剪切前应变和方向对砂土宏观和细观动态特性、微观结构演化和剪切模量衰减的影响。结果表明，预剪切应变限制了液化后流动变形的发展。初始液化后，随着预剪应变的增大，小预剪应变试件的流动滑动行为转变为大预剪应变试件的循环活动。随着预剪应变的增大，孔隙率、冗余指数和滑移率呈现先减小后增大、最终减小的趋势。对初始液化循环次数和累积孔隙水压力率的分析证实，小的预剪应变增强了土壤的液化阻力，而中应变至大应变则降低了土壤的液化阻力。当循环加载方向与预剪方向相反时，试件的初始液化循环次数减少，孔隙水压力积累加快，剪切模量衰减加快，抗液化能力降低。对于小的预剪应变试样，最大法向接触力和切向接触力随应变增大而增大，且法向接触力垂直排列；在大的预剪应变试样中，最大法向接触力方向偏离垂直方向约10°。更大的预剪应变与更快的剪切模量衰减相关。重要的是，研究结果表明，在实验条件下，织物各向异性比孔隙率变化的影响更大。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the type and method of bentonite addition on the liquefaction resistance of a standard clean sand 膨润土添加类型和方法对标准洁净砂抗液化性能的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110184

Santiago Prado Pantoja , Eimar Sandoval , Alejandro Cruz Escobar

During cyclic liquefaction, sandy or gravelly soils may experience a sudden loss of shear strength and stiffness under dynamic loads such as earthquakes. Although conventional ground improvement techniques exist, most of them involve volumetric changes, limiting their applicability in liquefiable soils beneath existing structures. As an alternative, the use of plastic nanoparticles that may be permeated, such as bentonite or laponite, has been explored. However, previous studies have mainly focused on dry addition, while research using suspensions has emphasized in application aspects rather than in the cyclic resistance.

This study evaluates the influence of a volcano-sedimentary bentonite on the liquefaction resistance of Ottawa sand through undrained cyclic triaxial tests. Two methods of incorporating bentonite were evaluated: (i) dry mixing sand–bentonite with 3% and 5% by mass of sand, and (ii) permeation with suspensions at 10% and 14% by mass of suspension. The suspension dosages were designed to be equivalent to the dry mixes considering sand void ratio and specific gravity.

Results show that, for the same number of cycles, permeated samples exhibited cyclic resistance ratios (CRR) 13 to 40% larger than clean sand. In contrast, dry mixtures presented 3 to 30% reduction in CRR, when compared with clean sand. These reductions are related to grain size, plasticity and Na/Ca ratio of the bentonite, which all reduce the effectiveness of the dry mixes. For permeated samples, the larger concentrations and longer curing periods enhanced cyclic resistance, though at the expense of reduced permeation efficiency due to increased viscosity.

在循环液化过程中，沙质或砾石质土壤在地震等动力载荷下可能会突然失去抗剪强度和刚度。虽然现有传统的地基改良技术，但大多数涉及体积变化，限制了它们在现有结构下的可液化土壤中的适用性。作为一种替代方案，已经探索了使用可能渗透的塑料纳米颗粒，如膨润土或拉脱土。然而，以往的研究主要集中在干添加上，而使用悬浮液的研究侧重于应用方面，而不是循环阻力方面。通过不排水循环三轴试验，研究了火山-沉积膨润土对渥太华砂抗液化性能的影响。对两种掺入膨润土的方法进行了评价：(i)干混砂-含3%和5%质量砂的膨润土，以及（ii）含10%和14%质量悬浮液的渗透。考虑到砂空隙比和比重，悬浮液的掺量被设计成与干混合料相当。结果表明，在相同循环次数下，渗透样品的循环阻力比（CRR）比洁净砂大13 ~ 40%。相比之下，与洁净砂相比，干混合砂的CRR降低了3 - 30%。这些减少与膨润土的晶粒尺寸、塑性和Na/Ca比有关，它们都降低了干混合料的有效性。对于渗透样品，更大的浓度和更长的固化时间增强了循环阻力，但代价是由于粘度增加而降低了渗透效率。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic response and seismic fragility of a well foundation supporting bridge pier when located on flat and sloping grounds 平坡地面上支撑桥墩的井基动力响应及地震易损性研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110166

Aman Srivastava , Yogendra Singh , Subhamoy Bhattacharya

In the present study, seismic response of a well foundation supporting a bridge pier was evaluated. The foundation was considered on flat and sloping grounds. Non-linear time history analyses (NLTHA) were performed, using a suite of 21 ground motions and 3D finite element analyses. The distribution of earth pressure, design forces, and displacement of the supported superstructure, under seismic loading, was evaluated and compared with the provisions of existing design codes for well foundation. The seismic response of well foundation located on slope was compared with its counterpart on flat ground. The performance of pier and well foundation was quantified in terms of relative displacement and rotation. Using the results of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), fragility curves were obtained to highlight the effect of slope on seismic response of well foundation. The earth pressure distribution and its value, considered in the existing design provision, were observed to be significantly different from the actual earth pressure under application of seismic excitation, for well foundation on flat ground and on slopes.

本文对某桥梁桥墩井基础的地震反应进行了评价。地基被认为是在平坦和倾斜的地面上。非线性时程分析（NLTHA）使用了一套21个地面运动和三维有限元分析。对地震荷载作用下受支撑上部结构的土压力、设计力和位移的分布进行了评估，并与现有井基础设计规范的规定进行了比较。比较了边坡井基础与平地井基础的地震反应。通过相对位移和旋转对桥墩和井底的性能进行了量化。利用增量动力分析（IDA）的结果，得到井底易损性曲线，以突出边坡对井底地震反应的影响。我们观察到，在地震激励作用下，平地井基础和斜坡井基础的土压力分布及其值与实际土压力存在显著差异。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic evaluation of seismic active earth pressure in spatially random and nonlinear soil masses 空间随机非线性土体中地震主动土压力的概率评价

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110138

Hui Chen , Chong Lei , Jinzhang Zhang , Dongming Zhang , Yadong Xue

Traditional active earth pressure evaluations are typically deterministic, assuming a homogeneous soil stratum. However, the inherent spatial variability of soil shear strength complicates such evaluations, particularly in seismically active regions. This study proposes a novel probabilistic framework centered on a piecewise linear method (PLM) to evaluate the seismic active earth pressure considering soil spatial variability and nonlinearity. The proposed PLM establishes a multi-segment rotational failure mechanism by discretizing the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, enabling an accurate representation of spatially variable, nonlinear soil masses. An explicit equation of the seismic active earth pressure associated with a modified pseudo-dynamic approach (PDM) can be derived from the work rate balance equation. The proposed method is verified through comparisons with the deterministic numerical method, the available analytical method and the random finite difference method. Results indicate that the PLM provides more conservative estimates, especially under seismic conditions, with deviations reaching up to approximately 10% at a horizontal seismic coefficient of 0.2. Furthermore, the amplification coefficient is proposed to comprehensively quantify the combined effect of the mean and variability of the seismic active earth pressure. At the 95% confidence level, this coefficient can attain a value of 1.5 for the initial cohesion, highlighting the critical importance of accounting for spatial variability in nonlinear soil strength parameters.

传统的主动土压力评价通常是确定性的，假设地层是均匀的。然而，土壤抗剪强度的内在空间变异性使这种评价复杂化，特别是在地震活跃地区。本文提出了一种以分段线性方法（PLM）为中心的新的概率框架，以评估考虑土壤空间变异性和非线性的地震活动土压力。所提出的PLM通过离散非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则建立了多段旋转破坏机制，能够准确表征空间变量、非线性土体。由功速率平衡方程推导出与修正伪动力法（PDM）相关联的地震主动土压力显式方程。通过与确定性数值方法、现有解析方法和随机有限差分方法的比较，验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明，PLM提供了更保守的估计，特别是在地震条件下，在水平地震系数为0.2时，偏差可达约10%。进一步提出了放大系数，以综合量化地震活动土压力均值和变率的综合效应。在95%的置信水平下，初始黏聚力系数可以达到1.5，这突出了在非线性土强度参数中考虑空间变异性的重要性。

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