Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00375497231198859
Zhongmin Huang, MN Smirnova, Jiarui Bi, NN Smirnov, Zuojin Zhu
A four-lane model is put forward to explore the effects on vehicular fuel consumption of a freeway work zone which has a length of 100 m and occupies lanes III and IV. The model equations are solved numerically in the simulation of vehicular flows by a method called WENO5–RK3. A vehicular fuel consumption model is presented, with an additional fuel consumption defined in comparison with the case in the absence of a work zone. Simulation results show that the freeway work zone affects vehicular fuel consumption significantly, triggers a traffic jam as soon as initial density normalized by jam density is beyond 0.18.
{"title":"Freeway work zone effects on vehicular fuel consumption explored by a four-lane model","authors":"Zhongmin Huang, MN Smirnova, Jiarui Bi, NN Smirnov, Zuojin Zhu","doi":"10.1177/00375497231198859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231198859","url":null,"abstract":"A four-lane model is put forward to explore the effects on vehicular fuel consumption of a freeway work zone which has a length of 100 m and occupies lanes III and IV. The model equations are solved numerically in the simulation of vehicular flows by a method called WENO5–RK3. A vehicular fuel consumption model is presented, with an additional fuel consumption defined in comparison with the case in the absence of a work zone. Simulation results show that the freeway work zone affects vehicular fuel consumption significantly, triggers a traffic jam as soon as initial density normalized by jam density is beyond 0.18.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1177/00375497231196889
Sena Senses, Mustafa Kumral
Mine development or construction projects should be carefully scheduled to meet the project objectives in terms of duration, budget, and scope since they include many highly time- and cost-sensitive activities. The inherent complexity in mining operations, coupled with material, equipment, and resource availabilities, commodity price cyclicality, and market trend uncertainties, can lead to a high risk to the project, resulting in schedule and cost overruns. Therefore, these projects must be planned and controlled efficiently to ensure that the required capital investment does not exceed the project budget and the project deadline is met. This paper proposes a simulation-based model to optimize the trade-off between time and cost of project planning problems under uncertainty. In doing so, equally probable realizations are generated considering different project duration crashing scenarios to quantify the impact of uncertainty on the total project cost and project completion time, and risks are assessed. A numerical example is provided to show the performance of the proposed approach through an underground mine development project. Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the developed simulation model identifies the risk of project completion time, the criticality of activities, and bottleneck activities of the project. In addition, the time–cost trade-off is achieved under the project deadline and budget constraints by implementing 20,736 different crashing scenarios. Finally, the results obtained from the developed formulation are compared with those obtained from the linear programming solution. The proposed approach has a strong potential to add value to project management of mining projects.
{"title":"Trade-off between time and cost in project planning: a simulation-based optimization approach","authors":"Sena Senses, Mustafa Kumral","doi":"10.1177/00375497231196889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231196889","url":null,"abstract":"Mine development or construction projects should be carefully scheduled to meet the project objectives in terms of duration, budget, and scope since they include many highly time- and cost-sensitive activities. The inherent complexity in mining operations, coupled with material, equipment, and resource availabilities, commodity price cyclicality, and market trend uncertainties, can lead to a high risk to the project, resulting in schedule and cost overruns. Therefore, these projects must be planned and controlled efficiently to ensure that the required capital investment does not exceed the project budget and the project deadline is met. This paper proposes a simulation-based model to optimize the trade-off between time and cost of project planning problems under uncertainty. In doing so, equally probable realizations are generated considering different project duration crashing scenarios to quantify the impact of uncertainty on the total project cost and project completion time, and risks are assessed. A numerical example is provided to show the performance of the proposed approach through an underground mine development project. Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the developed simulation model identifies the risk of project completion time, the criticality of activities, and bottleneck activities of the project. In addition, the time–cost trade-off is achieved under the project deadline and budget constraints by implementing 20,736 different crashing scenarios. Finally, the results obtained from the developed formulation are compared with those obtained from the linear programming solution. The proposed approach has a strong potential to add value to project management of mining projects.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135206392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1177/00375497231194348
Hongxin Yang, Xue Luo, Bin Chen, Heping Xie, Li Huang, Qiangqiang Shi, Yuanzhi Zhang, Meng Ni
The transportation of indoor aerosol particles is closely related to the infection risk of various viruses. When the pandemic of COVID-19 is anticipated to coexist with human beings in the future, the design of airflow distribution in public buildings becomes more vital not only for thermal comfort but also for epidemic prevention through controlling indoor aerosol transportation. In this paper, the conditioning of indoor air in a hospital hall (Chongzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Chengdu, China) is case studied by numerically simulating the indoor thermal comfort and the aerosol transportation process analysis. Simulation results indicate that thermal comfort can be first achieved by appropriate air supply forms in summer. Under the combined operation of the nozzles, square diffusers, and the breathing plane, with an average velocity of 0.26 m/s, the average temperature, and the average air age are 23.43°C and 949.59 s, respectively. Second, the arrangement of air-exhaust outlets in this hospital hall is also redesigned and simulated with three new schemes of outlets design, of which the floor exhaust scheme is optimal with the fastest aerosol discharge speed (thus the strongest pollutant discharge capacity), i.e., 62% of aerosol particles discharged in 30 s and 99% of particles discharged in 150 s. This study makes a successful attempt to optimize indoor air ventilation for preventing airborne transmission of viruses, e.g., COVID-19, offering a feasible scheme for the air distribution design in densely populated areas such as hospital halls.
{"title":"A numerical investigation on indoor air ventilation design and aerosol transportation: a case study in a hospital hall","authors":"Hongxin Yang, Xue Luo, Bin Chen, Heping Xie, Li Huang, Qiangqiang Shi, Yuanzhi Zhang, Meng Ni","doi":"10.1177/00375497231194348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231194348","url":null,"abstract":"The transportation of indoor aerosol particles is closely related to the infection risk of various viruses. When the pandemic of COVID-19 is anticipated to coexist with human beings in the future, the design of airflow distribution in public buildings becomes more vital not only for thermal comfort but also for epidemic prevention through controlling indoor aerosol transportation. In this paper, the conditioning of indoor air in a hospital hall (Chongzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Chengdu, China) is case studied by numerically simulating the indoor thermal comfort and the aerosol transportation process analysis. Simulation results indicate that thermal comfort can be first achieved by appropriate air supply forms in summer. Under the combined operation of the nozzles, square diffusers, and the breathing plane, with an average velocity of 0.26 m/s, the average temperature, and the average air age are 23.43°C and 949.59 s, respectively. Second, the arrangement of air-exhaust outlets in this hospital hall is also redesigned and simulated with three new schemes of outlets design, of which the floor exhaust scheme is optimal with the fastest aerosol discharge speed (thus the strongest pollutant discharge capacity), i.e., 62% of aerosol particles discharged in 30 s and 99% of particles discharged in 150 s. This study makes a successful attempt to optimize indoor air ventilation for preventing airborne transmission of viruses, e.g., COVID-19, offering a feasible scheme for the air distribution design in densely populated areas such as hospital halls.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89190016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquake simulations at the urban scale usually focus on estimating the damages to the built environment and the consequent losses without fully taking into account human behavior in crisis. Yet, human behavior is a key element for improving crisis disaster management; therefore, it is important to include it in seismic crisis simulations. In this study, an agent-based model for the simulation of pedestrian evacuation during earthquakes at the city scale is developed following an interdisciplinary approach. The model recreates the urban conditions using Geographic Information System (GIS) and a synthetic population, in addition to the earthquake consequences on the urban fabric. Moreover, the model integrates realistic human behaviors calibrated using quantitative survey results. We simulate pedestrian outdoor mobility with the different constraints that affect it such as the topography and the presence of debris. The simulator is applied to the case of Beirut, Lebanon. A what-if approach is adopted to analyze the population’s safety in case of earthquakes in Beirut, particularly the open spaces’ capacity to provide shelters and the effect of debris and realistic human behaviors on people’s safety. The simulation results show that less than 40% of the population is able to arrive at an open space within 15 min after an earthquake. This number is further reduced when some open spaces are locked. Debris and realistic human behaviors significantly delay the arrivals to safe areas and, therefore, should not be neglected in earthquake simulations.
{"title":"Agent-based simulation of seismic crisis including human behavior: application to the city of Beirut, Lebanon","authors":"Rouba Iskandar, Julie Dugdale, Elise Beck, Cécile Cornou","doi":"10.1177/00375497231194608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231194608","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake simulations at the urban scale usually focus on estimating the damages to the built environment and the consequent losses without fully taking into account human behavior in crisis. Yet, human behavior is a key element for improving crisis disaster management; therefore, it is important to include it in seismic crisis simulations. In this study, an agent-based model for the simulation of pedestrian evacuation during earthquakes at the city scale is developed following an interdisciplinary approach. The model recreates the urban conditions using Geographic Information System (GIS) and a synthetic population, in addition to the earthquake consequences on the urban fabric. Moreover, the model integrates realistic human behaviors calibrated using quantitative survey results. We simulate pedestrian outdoor mobility with the different constraints that affect it such as the topography and the presence of debris. The simulator is applied to the case of Beirut, Lebanon. A what-if approach is adopted to analyze the population’s safety in case of earthquakes in Beirut, particularly the open spaces’ capacity to provide shelters and the effect of debris and realistic human behaviors on people’s safety. The simulation results show that less than 40% of the population is able to arrive at an open space within 15 min after an earthquake. This number is further reduced when some open spaces are locked. Debris and realistic human behaviors significantly delay the arrivals to safe areas and, therefore, should not be neglected in earthquake simulations.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82599876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1177/00375497231189749
Emin Deniz Özkan, S. Nas
In the face of developments in maritime transportation due to globalization, ports are tending toward new tugboat investments in order to respond to the increasing demand. Due to the high costs of tugboats, organizations may face high investment costs. It is important to determine the most suitable number of tugboats, considering the variables in a port area where towage services will be provided. In this study, a simulation model was developed to determine sufficient tugboat allocation according to some variables in ports. The simulation model was subjected to various experiments, and statistical analyses of the obtained results were performed. The relationships between the variables affecting the level of towage service were revealed.
{"title":"A simulation model for resource allocation in port towage services","authors":"Emin Deniz Özkan, S. Nas","doi":"10.1177/00375497231189749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231189749","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of developments in maritime transportation due to globalization, ports are tending toward new tugboat investments in order to respond to the increasing demand. Due to the high costs of tugboats, organizations may face high investment costs. It is important to determine the most suitable number of tugboats, considering the variables in a port area where towage services will be provided. In this study, a simulation model was developed to determine sufficient tugboat allocation according to some variables in ports. The simulation model was subjected to various experiments, and statistical analyses of the obtained results were performed. The relationships between the variables affecting the level of towage service were revealed.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83143559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct current mode neutron detection, investigation of polarization effect on 500μm single crystal CVD diamond detector, and depolarization techniques","authors":"Kaleab Ayalew","doi":"10.2172/1995761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1995761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87829465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.1177/00375497231192108
Eylül Damla Gönül-Sezer, Duygun Fatih Demirel
The relationship between military expenditures and economic productivity has taken the attention of many researchers and there exist an important number of studies approaching the topic through several techniques. However, there is no consensus among the scholars whether military expenditures trigger economic growth, productivity, and other macroeconomic indicators. Such arguments are mainly due to unclear results obtained from the existing studies, in which the complex relationships between military expenditures and macroeconomics are not fully incorporated. Considering the bidirectional and nonlinear relationships among macroeconomic indicators and complex feedback mechanisms, a system dynamics (SD) model for examining the impacts of military expenditures on economic productivity in Turkey is proposed. The proposed SD model aims to reflect the complex environment surrounding the military spending–economic productivity nexus and to analyze the feedback structures that lead to miscellaneous consequences with delays. A stock–flow model is developed to represent the complex nonlinear relationships and causalities between the variables. Data from SIPRI, the World Bank, and several local statistical sources covering the years 2009–2018 are utilized to simulate the existing case, warfare in neighbors, economic shrinkage scenarios, and the combination of the latter two. The results obtained from the scenarios suggest that short fixes such as importing military products instead of national investments give rise to chronic issues like continual dependence on foreign supply, hence, leading to decrease in overall economic growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate SD methodology with military expenditure and economic productivity analysis.
{"title":"Examining the impacts of military expenditures on economic productivity: a system dynamics approach","authors":"Eylül Damla Gönül-Sezer, Duygun Fatih Demirel","doi":"10.1177/00375497231192108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231192108","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between military expenditures and economic productivity has taken the attention of many researchers and there exist an important number of studies approaching the topic through several techniques. However, there is no consensus among the scholars whether military expenditures trigger economic growth, productivity, and other macroeconomic indicators. Such arguments are mainly due to unclear results obtained from the existing studies, in which the complex relationships between military expenditures and macroeconomics are not fully incorporated. Considering the bidirectional and nonlinear relationships among macroeconomic indicators and complex feedback mechanisms, a system dynamics (SD) model for examining the impacts of military expenditures on economic productivity in Turkey is proposed. The proposed SD model aims to reflect the complex environment surrounding the military spending–economic productivity nexus and to analyze the feedback structures that lead to miscellaneous consequences with delays. A stock–flow model is developed to represent the complex nonlinear relationships and causalities between the variables. Data from SIPRI, the World Bank, and several local statistical sources covering the years 2009–2018 are utilized to simulate the existing case, warfare in neighbors, economic shrinkage scenarios, and the combination of the latter two. The results obtained from the scenarios suggest that short fixes such as importing military products instead of national investments give rise to chronic issues like continual dependence on foreign supply, hence, leading to decrease in overall economic growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate SD methodology with military expenditure and economic productivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83089671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00375497231184898
Jan de Mooij, P. Bhattacharya, Davide Dell’Anna, M. Dastani, B. Logan, S. Swarup
Agent-based modeling is increasingly being used in computational epidemiology to characterize important behavioral dimensions, such as the heterogeneity of the individual responses to interventions, when studying the spread of a disease. Existing agent-based simulation frameworks and platforms currently fall in one of two categories: those that can simulate millions of individuals with simple behaviors (e.g., based on simple state machines), and those that consider more complex and social behaviors (e.g., agents that act according to their own agenda and preferences, and deliberate about norm compliance) but, due to the computational complexity of reasoning involved, have limited scalability. In this paper, we present a novel framework that enables large-scale distributed epidemic simulations with complex behaving social agents whose decisions are based on a variety of concepts and internal attitudes such as sense, knowledge, preferences, norms, and plans. The proposed framework supports simulations with millions of such agents that can individually deliberate about their own knowledge, goals, and preferences, and can adapt their behavior based on other agents’ behaviors and on their attitude toward complying with norms. We showcase the applicability and scalability of the proposed framework by developing a model of the spread of COVID-19 in the US state of Virginia. Results illustrate that the framework can be effectively employed to simulate disease spreading with millions of complex behaving agents and investigate behavioral interventions over a period of time of months.
{"title":"A framework for modeling human behavior in large-scale agent-based epidemic simulations","authors":"Jan de Mooij, P. Bhattacharya, Davide Dell’Anna, M. Dastani, B. Logan, S. Swarup","doi":"10.1177/00375497231184898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231184898","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-based modeling is increasingly being used in computational epidemiology to characterize important behavioral dimensions, such as the heterogeneity of the individual responses to interventions, when studying the spread of a disease. Existing agent-based simulation frameworks and platforms currently fall in one of two categories: those that can simulate millions of individuals with simple behaviors (e.g., based on simple state machines), and those that consider more complex and social behaviors (e.g., agents that act according to their own agenda and preferences, and deliberate about norm compliance) but, due to the computational complexity of reasoning involved, have limited scalability. In this paper, we present a novel framework that enables large-scale distributed epidemic simulations with complex behaving social agents whose decisions are based on a variety of concepts and internal attitudes such as sense, knowledge, preferences, norms, and plans. The proposed framework supports simulations with millions of such agents that can individually deliberate about their own knowledge, goals, and preferences, and can adapt their behavior based on other agents’ behaviors and on their attitude toward complying with norms. We showcase the applicability and scalability of the proposed framework by developing a model of the spread of COVID-19 in the US state of Virginia. Results illustrate that the framework can be effectively employed to simulate disease spreading with millions of complex behaving agents and investigate behavioral interventions over a period of time of months.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74378327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1177/00375497231189285
Jinchao Chen, Haoran Zhang, Ruimeng He, Chenglie Du, Jie Cui, Xiaoying Sun
In recent years, the number of invested resources adopted in experiments of embedded applications dropped significantly as many simulation technologies are widely used. However, the efficiency of simulations is seriously influenced by some expensive and difficult-to-obtain devices. It is urgent and of great significance to build a universal simulation platform for embedded applications on general-purpose operating systems with an objective of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of system development and implementation. Since virtualization technology can greatly enhance the simulation efficiency by providing virtual models to simulate the behaviors of real devices, this paper designs and realizes a real-time simulation platform on general-purpose operating systems with the virtualization technology such that embedded applications would be correctly and efficiently debugged and tested on the general-purpose operating systems. The proposed simulation platform contains four layers named hardware resource, virtualization, virtual runtime environment, and interface adaptation, allowing dynamic debugging and testing of embedded applications without requiring the actual presence of real devices. Experiments are conducted to verify the functionalities of the proposed simulation platform, and results demonstrate that the proposed simulation platform can meet the real-time and high reliability requirements of embedded applications.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a real-time simulation platform for embedded applications on general-purpose operating systems","authors":"Jinchao Chen, Haoran Zhang, Ruimeng He, Chenglie Du, Jie Cui, Xiaoying Sun","doi":"10.1177/00375497231189285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231189285","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of invested resources adopted in experiments of embedded applications dropped significantly as many simulation technologies are widely used. However, the efficiency of simulations is seriously influenced by some expensive and difficult-to-obtain devices. It is urgent and of great significance to build a universal simulation platform for embedded applications on general-purpose operating systems with an objective of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of system development and implementation. Since virtualization technology can greatly enhance the simulation efficiency by providing virtual models to simulate the behaviors of real devices, this paper designs and realizes a real-time simulation platform on general-purpose operating systems with the virtualization technology such that embedded applications would be correctly and efficiently debugged and tested on the general-purpose operating systems. The proposed simulation platform contains four layers named hardware resource, virtualization, virtual runtime environment, and interface adaptation, allowing dynamic debugging and testing of embedded applications without requiring the actual presence of real devices. Experiments are conducted to verify the functionalities of the proposed simulation platform, and results demonstrate that the proposed simulation platform can meet the real-time and high reliability requirements of embedded applications.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88966078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1177/00375497231185358
Md Jahedul Alam, Alexandre Pinchemel, M. A. Habib, M. Caetano
This study develops a framework of pedestrian evacuation microsimulation modeling that considers pedestrians’ social-physiological behavior in assessing an airport evacuation. The study implements social force model within a simulation platform enabling the articulation of stochastic pedestrian walking behavior realistically and reliably. It performs a sensitivity analysis of pedestrian behavior parameters to identify the candidate parameters required to capture pedestrian behavior under different levels of panic conditions. The study considers the case study of the Ottawa International Airport and tests and evaluates contrasting evacuation scenarios under low panic, medium panic, and high panic situations. Results indicate that under the low panic evacuation scenario, the pedestrians yield their movements with an increase in network bottleneck, potentially exhibit cooperative behavior, and control their speed with the rise of crowd density. On the contrary, individuals in high panic evacuation scenarios exhibit aggressive behavior indicated by their average speed, which is approximately 1.15 and 3.5 times the average compared with medium panic and low panic evacuation scenarios, respectively. Results suggest that it takes 5.38 min to evacuate 1300 passengers under high panic conditions compared with 9.75 min for a low panic evacuation scenario. However, in the case of a high panic evacuation scenario, the average speed keeps increasing even with the increase in crowd density. This framework can develop and evaluate strategies for safely evacuating the airport in the case of an emergency.
{"title":"Airport evacuation under panic conditions: a microsimulation modeling applied at Ottawa International Airport","authors":"Md Jahedul Alam, Alexandre Pinchemel, M. A. Habib, M. Caetano","doi":"10.1177/00375497231185358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00375497231185358","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a framework of pedestrian evacuation microsimulation modeling that considers pedestrians’ social-physiological behavior in assessing an airport evacuation. The study implements social force model within a simulation platform enabling the articulation of stochastic pedestrian walking behavior realistically and reliably. It performs a sensitivity analysis of pedestrian behavior parameters to identify the candidate parameters required to capture pedestrian behavior under different levels of panic conditions. The study considers the case study of the Ottawa International Airport and tests and evaluates contrasting evacuation scenarios under low panic, medium panic, and high panic situations. Results indicate that under the low panic evacuation scenario, the pedestrians yield their movements with an increase in network bottleneck, potentially exhibit cooperative behavior, and control their speed with the rise of crowd density. On the contrary, individuals in high panic evacuation scenarios exhibit aggressive behavior indicated by their average speed, which is approximately 1.15 and 3.5 times the average compared with medium panic and low panic evacuation scenarios, respectively. Results suggest that it takes 5.38 min to evacuate 1300 passengers under high panic conditions compared with 9.75 min for a low panic evacuation scenario. However, in the case of a high panic evacuation scenario, the average speed keeps increasing even with the increase in crowd density. This framework can develop and evaluate strategies for safely evacuating the airport in the case of an emergency.","PeriodicalId":49516,"journal":{"name":"Simulation-Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74340296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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