Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Road vehicle transportation is essential to support community access and participation for all children. However, little is known about the transport patterns of children with disabilities and medical conditions and their caregivers' experiences supporting them to be transported safely in road vehicles in Australia.

Aim: To understand the transport needs of children with disabilities and medical conditions and the transport needs of their caregivers.

Materials and methods: A large-scale national survey was undertaken online to explore the experiences and perspectives of 193 caregivers, identifying the challenges and needs associated with providing and supporting safe road transportation for their children.

Results: Caregivers believed their child was missing out on participating in everyday life due to their transportation needs, with caregivers experiencing multiple challenges and barriers to transporting their child safely.

Conclusions and significance: There is a need to provide knowledge and support to caregivers who are primarily responsible for the safe transportation of their children with disabilities and medical conditions.

Background: Young and adult users of electric wheelchairs (EWs) describe how EWs have personal, functional, emotional, and symbolic values and are considered by some to be part of the self.

Aim: The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of how occupational identity is constructed in the daily practices of EW users.

Material and methods: Context-based, in-depth oral stories and filmed sequences of daily practice enactments of persons who have used an EW since childhood were the basis for the narrative analysis.

Findings: The findings elucidate how the informants enact and tell about their identity-development in response to daily and relational practices, and its relevance to the informant's sense of self, belonging, competence, life-prospects, conduct, and awareness of shifting values, and this was likewise demonstrated in different appearances and roles related to social recognition. A model illustrating the findings is proposed.

Conclusions and significance: Contextual values and exploring experiences, such as possibilities to develop competences and roles, along with encountering social recognition, but also hindering regulations and adversities, influence the development of occupational identities. Findings in this study can contribute to increased understanding, conscious political decisions, as well as a more person-centred approach within healthcare.

Background: Young adult cancer survivors (YACS) aged 18-39 report age-specific multifactorial challenges with self-care, leisure, work and education requiring multicomponent rehabilitation intervention. Therefore, the 'Young Adult Taking Action' (YATAC) programme was developed.

Aims/objectives: To present a protocol for a feasibility study evaluating the acceptability of the YATAC programme and exploring implementation, mechanisms of impact and outcomes.

Material and methods: A mixed-method feasibility study with a convergent research design will be conducted. The programme is an age-specific, multicomponent, goal-oriented, and peer-based rehabilitation programme delivered by an interdisciplinary staff consisting of nine components: 1) Goal setting, 2) Everyday life, 3) Physical activity, 4) Psychological issues, 5) Work and study, 6) Sexuality and relationship, 7) Rights and finance, 8) Peer-to-peer support and 9) Individual consultation. Quantitative and qualitative data about acceptability, implementation, mechanisms of impact and outcomes will be collected.

Results: The results will provide essential knowledge about the programme's acceptability, implementation, mechanisms of impact and outcomes.

Conclusion and significance: The study will inform adjustment of the programme and will provide knowledge of whether and how to deliver age-specific rehabilitation to YACS.

Background: Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face multiple challenges in obtaining and maintaining employment.

Aims: To identify and describe how adults with ADHD or ASD experienced their ability to work and what factors affected their ability to find a sustainable work situation over time.

Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were performed with 20 purposively sampled participants with ADHD/ASD. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Three themes were identified, describing (1) one's own cognitive abilities and challenges, (2) enablement by flexibility and acceptance in the work environment, and (3) accumulated stress that makes the work situation unsustainable over time.

Conclusions: Over time, a lack of continuity and predictability of support measures caused great stress and exhaustion, with severe consequences for working life and in life in general. Adaptations needed to be individually tailored and include nonoccupational factors.

Significance: The study shows that adults with ADHD/ASD need long-term interventions that flexibly adapt to individual needs, as they vary over time. The findings suggest that occupational therapists and other health care providers, employers, employment services and other involved agencies should pay a greater deal of attention to stability and predictability over time.

Background: The ADAPT Program have improved activities of daily living (ADL) in women with fibromyalgia. To understand the functioning of the program, it is relevant to evaluate how program theory components are linked to outcomes (mechanisms) and how the randomised controlled trial (RCT) context, influenced delivery and outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate ADAPT in terms of dose, mechanisms of change and contextual factors.

Material/methods: Dose was recorded on the n = 21 participants receiving ADAPT in the IMPROvE trial (NCT01352052). A subsample of n = 16 attended one of three 2-hour focusgroups, evaluating mechanisms of change and contextual factors. Interview questions explored participants' interaction with four program components, i.e. how the 'client-centred approach', 'group-based peer-exchange format', 'teaching-learning strategies' and 'long-term program format' triggered mechanisms facilitating/hindering outcomes. Moreover, how randomisation procedures influenced delivery and outcomes.

Results: Attending a long-term educational peer-exchange program, in which participants experienced met by a health professional that legitimised difficulties, facilitated participants knowledge, insights and motivation for changing habits. With time and support, participants experienced increased acceptance of their situation and began to implement more effective ways to perform ADL tasks.

Conclusions/significance: Results support previous findings of improved ADL ability post-ADAPT and provide initial evidence to support the ADAPT Program theory.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often accompanied by sleep problems influencing social, emotional and cognitive functioning in everyday activities.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a weighted blanket has a positive impact on sleep and everyday activities in individuals with ADHD and/or ASD.

Material and methods: The study included 85 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD, 48 children aged ≤17 (57%) and 37 adults ≥18 years (44%), who were prescribed with a weighted blanket. The participants responded via a telephone interview.

Results: Findings demonstrated that a weighted blanket improved abilities related to falling asleep, sleeping the whole night, and relaxing during the day. Using a weighted blanket improved morning/evening daily routine, including preparing/going to sleep and waking up in the morning.

Conclusions: Weighted blankets showed positive impact on falling asleep, sleeping the whole night, and relaxing during the day, and they were used frequently by children and adults with ADHD and/or ASD. Findings indicate that a weighted blanket improved morning/evening routine, however this research area needs further investigation using both subjective and objective parameters.

Background: Parents of young children are a vulnerable group with an increased risk of stress-related health problems compared to adults without children. Low occupational balance has been identified as a risk factor for stress-related disorders.

Aim: The study aimed to describe occupational balance in parents of pre-school children and to explore potential differences between mothers and fathers.

Method: Data were collected by a web-based survey based on the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11). A total of 302 working parents (200 mothers and 102 fathers) with at least one child under seven years of age were included in the study.

Findings: Mothers reported lower occupational balance than fathers with a median value of 10 for mothers and 12 for fathers (p = 0.029). Mothers rated significantly lower than fathers in three items; 'Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest and sleep', 'Having sufficient time for doing obligatory occupations' and 'Balance between doing things for others and for oneself'.

Conclusion: The results indicate that caring for pre-school children may negatively impact both parents, impacting mothers' occupational balance to a greater degree.

Significance: Occupational therapists' knowledge could be utilised to increase awareness of the importance of occupational balance within health services and improve mothers' occupational balance.

Background: Digital spaces are rapidly emerging as a space for children to engage in autotelic play.

Aim: To explore and describe children's experiences of choice-making in their play in digital spaces from the perspective of children themselves.

Methods: Focus groups were conducted with a total of eight children aged six years of age within their school, in a large city in Ireland. A Mosaic Approach with drawing, cutting, and colouring in was used to elicit the children's voices to ensure their active engagement throughout the data collection. Data was analyzed using focus group analysis.

Results: Data analysis revealed three main themes; children enjoy the ability to make choices in their play, that they are often constrained in their ability to make choices, and that they negotiate ways in which they can select options for play in digital spaces.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that children are agentic individuals who are capable of making decisions in their play in digital spaces. This knowledge provides implications for Occupational Therapists to enhance play as an occupation in digital spaces.

Introduction: The police officer occupation is a high-risk profession, with significantly more traumatic and stressful events than other occupations. Key factors for the health of police officers have been found to be related to intra-interpersonal, occupational, and organizational factors. However, the mechanisms underlying why is inconclusive. This protocol therefore intends to explain the approach for conducting both a scoping review, and systematic review. The overall aim of the reviews is to investigate patrolling police officers' life contexts with the intention to identify barriers and resources that affect their lifestyle and health.

Methods: The protocol is reported according to the PRISMA-P guidelines, with PROSPERO number: CRD42020190583. Searches will be carried out in SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, OpenGrey, and EBSCO (Academic Search Premiere, APA PsychINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX). Two independent raters will screen articles and conduct the critical appraisal. Analyses include Arksey and O'Malley's methodology for the scoping review, and a narrative synthesis for the systematic review, including critically appraising the total body of evidence in the systematic review.

Discussion: The purpose of the reviews is to understand patrolling police officers' life contexts, and support future development of an assessment that measures patrolling police officers' life balance from a contextual viewpoint.

Background: Community-based day centres (DC) in Sweden provide support to people with severe mental health problems. The role of DC motivation for outcomes in terms of occupational engagement and personal recovery is yet unknown.

Aims: To compare two groups who received DC services, one of which also received the 16-week Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) intervention. The focus was motivation for DC services at baseline and after 16 weeks of services, while also investigating the importance of DC motivation for the selected outcomes and service satisfaction.

Material and methods: Sixty-five DC attendees were randomised to BEL (n = 27) or standard support (n = 38) and responded to questionnaires about motivation, the selected outcomes and satisfaction with DC services.

Results: The groups did not differ on any measured aspects of motivation; nor were changes seen over time. The BEL group, but not those receiving standard support, improved from baseline to 16 weeks on occupational engagement and recovery. Motivation for attending the DC was related to service satisfaction.

Conclusion: The BEL program could be a viable enrichment tool in the DC context and boost occupational engagement and personal recovery among the attendees.

Significance: The study provided knowledge of importance when developing community-based services while enhancing motivation.