Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: The transition process from being an occupational therapy student to becoming an occupational therapist has been shown to be stressful, with an increased risk of burnout and job turnover. Consequently, there is a need to gain a deeper understanding of this process in order to identify ways of making it easier.

Aims/objectives: To describe newly graduated Swedish occupational therapists' experiences of the transition from being an occupational therapy student to becoming a clinically competent occupational therapist.

Material and methods: A qualitative study involving 15 participants was conducted using interviews to collect data and content data analysis was undertaken to capture occupational therapists' experiences of the transition process.

Results: A theme emerged: 'Bridging the gap by seeking stability in the transition from occupational therapy student to clinically competent occupational therapist', with two sub-themes, 1) 'Facing a new reality' and 2) 'Establishing one's role', containing categories that encapsulated experiences of the transition.

Conclusions and significance: To bridge the gap in the transition process, universities could review their curricula to identify changes to better prepare newly graduated occupational therapists for the demands of clinical practice. Employers hiring new graduates need to offer comprehensive orientation and access to mentorship for support.

Background: When assessing motor skills, occupational therapists are encouraged to seek the perspectives of children and their parents to promote the delivery of client-centered care.

Aim: To investigate whether 9-12-year-old children's views and their parents' proxy views of the children's motor skill competence and their performance on a standardized, performance-based assessment are associated.

Materials and methods: Thirty 9-12-year-old children completed the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood (PMC-C) and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence - version 2 (PMSC-2), while their parents completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition Checklist (MABC-2 Checklist). Children's objective motor skills were measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd Edition (BOT-2). Spearman's rho correlations were used to analyze the data.

Results: Significant associations were found between the BOT-2 total motor composite and the PMC-C. A significant association was found between the MABC-2 Checklist and the BOT-2 Strength and Agility composite, as well as the PMC-C total score.

Significance and conclusions: Occupational therapists are encouraged to include children and their parents in the therapeutic process to capture individual perspectives and deliver client-centered care.

Background: Involvement in research and shared priorities among occupational therapists (OTs) can enhance the quality of occupational therapy practice.

Aims: To explore the research involvement and research priorities of OTs in Norway.

Materials and methods: An online survey comprising 14 open-ended and closed questions was made available to participants at the Seventh Norwegian Congress in Occupational Therapy to fill out.

Results: Out of 633 congress participants, 307 (49%) OTs completed the survey. Among the respondents, ∼40% were involved in research. The most commonly reported area of research was rehabilitation. Research involvement was associated with employment in education or specialist healthcare services and with greater work experience and post-bachelor's degree education. The most frequently prioritized research question addressed the effect of occupational therapy. Unmet needs and factors conducive to increasing OT's involvement in research were identified.

Conclusions and significance: The survey revealed that a considerable, but uneven, distribution of OTs were involved in research. To encourage greater participation in research, researchers, decision-makers, and employee associations should take steps to make research more appealing to OTs. The research priorities highlighted by Norwegian OTs align with those stated by OTs in other countries.

Background: The Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) is a programme targeting persons who need to restructure activities and routines to achieve a healthier balance in everyday life. Issues that often is needed for persons with neurological diseases.

Aims/objectives: To describe how persons with neurological disease experienced the ReDo-programme and to investigate how their occupational patterns and fatigue changed during the programme.

Material and methods: A mixed method study with a convergent parallel design including ten participants. Questionnaires and individual semi-structured interviews have been used and data analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results: The findings indicated an increased participation in everyday life after the intervention. Furthermore, the main theme showed that the intervention enabled reflections and new insight. Sub-themes included: feeling pressured to perform, being part of a group and changing occupational pattern.

Conclusions: Participants valued being a group; however, they experienced the intensity as being too high. The content of the intervention enabled reflections and new insights regarding their occupational pattern, which was experienced as a starting point towards behavioural changes and re-prioritisation of occupations in everyday life.

Significance: A modified version with lower intensity and careful goal setting might be valuable for persons with neurological diseases.

Background: OBQ11 was developed in a Swedish context. To evaluate occupational balance, accurate self-rating instruments in the native language are needed.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the measurement properties of the Danish version of OBQ11, using the Rasch analysis.

Method: Data for the analysis of the Danish version of OBQ11 (OBQ11-DK) was gathered online, and all full data records (n 366) were included in the analysis.

Results: Three items showed non-significant marginal under- or overfit, suggesting a degree of misfit between the data and the Rasch model. Unidimensionality was not reached, though, since the proportion of persons with different estimates were more than 5% and thus the OBQ11-DK cannot be said to assess a person's perception of occupational balance.

Conclusion: The present version of the OBQ11-DK shows the need for further development and testing and is not tested for test/retest or in clinical samples. The results and small number of items may after modifications and further studies make it feasible to implement OBQ11-DK into settings where the measuring of occupational balance is needed.

Background: In the Global North, advances in occupational therapy benefitted unduly from the oppression, disablement and suffering of thousands of people in the South (and beyond). To prevent the recurrence of these injustices, history must be unveiled and occupational therapists urged to come to terms with their own involvement and responsibility.

Objective and method: Utilising Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics, this academic essay blends select historical and philosophical perspectives to explore occupational therapy's concealed role in manifestations of institutionalised violence.

Results: By examining its roles in World War II and France's colonisation of Algeria, we make visible the development of occupational therapy's distinct 'shadow side'. In Nazi Germany's Euthanasia Programme, it became a tool for identifying which lives were deemed 'worthy of living' and which were not, which indirectly contributed to the killing of 200,000 disabled persons. Under France's colonial medical system, occupational therapy imposed Western standards that alienated and completely depersonalised Algerian patients.

Conclusion and significance: Entrenched in a (bio)economy that has endured beyond these events, occupational therapists must exercise vigilance, remaining mindful of the potential to unintentionally overlook individuals labelled as 'unproductive'. This requires confronting the profession's assumptions of inherent 'goodness' and acknowledging and addressing its shadow side.

Background: In occupational therapy and -science positive aspects of occupation are highlighted. Recently, this discourse has been questioned, as it might leave out occupations - referred to as unilluminated occupations (UO) - that hold value to people, without fitting the positive ideal.

Aim: To translate UO into Danish and to examine how occupational therapists (OTs) view and address UO.

Methods: A survey developed in USA was translated into Danish and distributed to OTs across Denmark. We added questions on the Danish wording of the concepts, including a content validity index (CVI). Data was subjected to a descriptive analysis.

Results: The respondents agreed that OTs must include examining the purpose and meaning of UO, however without having a responsibility to support performing these UO. The applied translation: high risk (risikable), unhealthy (usunde), unethical (uetiske), immoral (umoralske), and unacceptable (uacceptable) were deemed relevant in Danish, established by CVIs on 0.72-0.90.

Conclusions and significance: Although most respondents were positive towards examining and acknowledging clients' purpose and meaning of UO, no clear consensus when addressing UO in interventions was seen. Further research might shed light on ways to approach UO both in assessment and intervention. The Danish terms appeared relevant to encompass UO.

Introduction: Residential reasoning is a complex process that includes decisions on whether to age in place or to relocate. Ageing in the Right Place (ARP), a web-based housing counselling service was created to support older adults in this process. The study's aim was to evaluate the usability of the ARP as regards content, design, specific functions, and self-administration as a mode of delivery and to lay the ground for further optimisation.

Material and method: Nine women and five men (aged 66-82) completed a series of tasks using the ARP. Qualitative and quantitative usability data were collected through online interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results: Experiences of the specific functions, content, and design of the ARP were described as mainly positive. Additions to the content and optimisation to assist in the general navigation of the website were suggested. The participants disagreed regarding the preferred mode of delivery, which indicates a need for selectable options. A system usability scale median score of 84 indicated acceptable usability.

Conclusion: The ARP seems to have acceptable usability, which paves the way for further evaluation.

Significance: By enabling residential reasoning, older adults are supported to make proactive choices based on informed decisions.