Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is constantly and rapidly evolving and has the potential to benefit occupational therapy (OT) and OT clients. However, AI developments also pose risks and challenges, for example in relation to the ethical principles of OT. One way to support future AI technology aligned with OT ethical principles may be through human-centered AI (HCAI), an emerging branch within AI research and developments with a notable overlap of OT values and beliefs.

Objective: To explore the risks and challenges of AI technology, and how the combined expertise, skills, and knowledge of OT and HCAI can contribute to harnessing its potential and shaping its future, from the perspective of OT's ethical values and beliefs.

Results: Opportunities for OT and HCAI collaboration related to future AI technology include ensuring a focus on 1) occupational performance and participation, while taking client-centeredness into account; 2) occupational justice and respect for diversity, and 3) transparency and respect for the privacy of occupational performance and participation data.

Conclusion and significance: There is need for OTs to engage and ensure that AI is applied in a way that serves OT and OT clients in a meaningful and ethical way through the use of HCAI.

Background: Obesity and being overweight can hinder participation in daily activities and impact engagement. Occupational therapists offer a unique perspective on this issue, yet their practice is seldom described in the literature.

Aim: To explore how Australian occupational therapists use their occupational perspective when working with people who are obese or overweight.

Methods: A qualitative dominant crossover mixed methods approach was adopted. Eleven semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists were conducted and analysed. Questions explored clinical decision-making, barriers, facilitators, and therapist knowledge and confidence about working with these clients. Three Likert scale questions on client contact frequency, perceived intervention effectiveness and knowledge of weight-related occupational therapy provided contextualisation.

Results: Occupational therapists reported average confidence and variability in the effectiveness of weight-related interventions. Three key themes were identified: 1) Exploring clients' needs for weight management; 2) Incorporating weight management strategies in occupational therapy intervention; and 3) Organisation of current occupational therapy practice for people with obesity.

Conclusion: Occupational therapists should leverage an occupational perspective to enhance participation and engagement for people with obesity, thereby ensuring the client's best interests are met.

Significance: As change agents, occupational therapists can advocate for shifts in care culture, influence leadership and challenge systemic issues that limit occupational performance and participation for people with obesity.

Background: Everyday lives of adolescents reflects a pattern and balance of occupations across the awake-sleep continuum. Despite ongoing discussions regarding overconsumption, play in digital spaces is an occupation of choice for many adolescents.

Aim: To explore and identify how the meaning of playing video games is situated in adolescents' everyday life.

Material and method: Five participants aged 16-17 years were recruited. Data was generated through interviews and encounters using recorded clips of their play in digital spaces. Narrative analysis was utilised to explore the stories of adolescent's digital play in everyday life.

Results: The overall plot of 'bridging the divide' represents and symbolises how play in the digital space is integrated in adolescents' everyday life as they negotiate and balance the habits and routines of everyday life. Four storylines help demonstrate the stories told.

Conclusion: Playing in digital spaces enabled the participants to be part of an ongoing story where meaning could be negotiated and created. Play was interwoven in the complexity of routines reflecting the importance of examining the integrated whole of adolescents' everyday life.

Significance: These findings are significant in shifting current assumptions and discourses of how digital play is situated in everyday life.

Background: Disabilities can hinder children's and youths' participation (frequency of attendance and engagement) and independence in everyday life.

Aims: To identify factors that predict levels of participation and independence in everyday activities in Swedish children and youths with disabilities.

Material and methods: This cross-sectional study, including 131 participants, utilised instruments about child and environmental factors. LASSO regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of participation and independence.

Results: An item screening for comprehension difficulties was the strongest predictor of attendance, engagement, and independence in daily activities. Other influential child factors included the presence of seizures, speech abilities, age, pain levels, and motor functions. None of the studied environmental factors were retained as predictors in the models.

Conclusions: Difficulties in intellectual functioning need to be evaluated and considered in planning interventions to improve participation and independence. Likewise, multifaceted nature of challenges found in this study underscores the need for diversity of interventions tailored for individual needs.

Significance: The result underscores the critical role of comprehension and intellectual functioning in predicting and enhancing participation and independence in children and youths with disabilities, advocating for comprehensive assessments and sustained support.

Background: Perceived occupational value is closely linked with well-being and there is need worldwide for assessment tools that target this phenomenon. The Occupational Value with pre-defined items (OVal-pd), measuring three dimensions of occupational value; concrete, socio-symbolic and self-rewarding, was designed for that purpose.

Aim: To pilot an Arabic version of OVal-pd and evaluate its psychometric properties in terms of content validity, factor structure, homogeneity, construct validity, test-retest stability, floor and ceiling effects, and measurement error.

Methods: Snowball sampling was used to recruit Arabic-speaking persons living in Sweden (n = 55). They completed the OVal-pd and questionnaires addressing background factors, content validity and feasibility. Confirmatory factor analysis, Spearman's rank correlation, Cronbach's α, intraclass correlation coefficients, and minimum detectable change were calculated.

Results: A 22-item version of the Arabic OVal-pd was found to have acceptable content validity and feasibility and the proposed three occupational value dimensions were confirmed. Good properties in terms of construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest stability were also established. No floor or ceiling effects were observed.

Conclusion: The Arabic OVal-pd showed good validity and reliability on various psychometric aspects.

Significance: In today's multicultural societies, the Arabic OVal-pd can be an important tool for occupational therapists working with Arabic-speaking clients.

Background: Digital work can be cognitively challenging especially for people with cognitive difficulties. New occupational therapy interventions are needed to empower these persons to self-manage challenges in digital work and everyday life. To address this need, the internet-based intervention 'Strategies for Empowering Activities in Everyday Life' (SEE 2.0) was tested.

Aim: To explore and describe how SEE can support the development of self-management in people with cognitive difficulties who engage in digital work and other occupations in everyday life.

Material and methods: A qualitative, descriptive case study included four participants with cognitive difficulties due to neurological disorders who participated in SEE. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, self-reports and assessments then analysed using pattern matching.

Results: Three cases were formed. Two cases (three people) adhered to SEE's intervention process, resulting in increased work hours, improved occupational balance, and greater engagement in valued occupations. One case (one person) could not fully adhere to the process and struggled to adopt changes.

Conclusions: SEE shows potential in supporting self-management, promoting sustainable digital work and everyday life.

Significance: SEE can add to existing vocational rehabilitation programs by empowering persons to utilise their own resources to manage challenges in everyday life.

Background: Ageing in place is the social norm in Sweden, yet older adults apply for a nursing home on a daily basis which suggests that ageing in place needs further study as it is not suitable for everyone. Aim: to study descriptions of older adults' reasons for applying to a nursing home in documents of granted nursing home decisions.

Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty decisions were analyzed through document analysis with a deductive content analysis using the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance-Engagement (CMOP-E) as a framework.

Results: Reasons for applying were represented in the three factors of the CMOP-E. In personal factors, reason for applying was e.g. connected to severe anxiety. In environmental factors, family culture had an influence in the application. In occupational factors, the ability to perform self-care and mobility greatly affected decisions to apply to nursing homes.

Conclusion: Descriptions of the older adults' activities in daily life were limited. If OTs were further involved in nursing home applications, adults ageing in place could be better supported and a move to a nursing home may be prevented. Significance: this study contributes to the understanding of why older adults chose to apply to a nursing home.

Background: Occupational therapy's connection to positivist science predates the profession's formal beginning, with important contributing knowledge sources coming from mathematics, physics, psychology, and systems theory. While these sources of objective knowledge provide a rational, defendable position for practice, they can only explain a portion of what it means to exist as an occupational being.

Aims/objectives: This article aims to reveal some of the history of science within occupational therapy and reveal the subjective, ontological nature of doing everyday activities that the profession's preoccupation with positivist science has obscured.

Methods: This research used a history of ideas methodology to uncover how occupational therapy perceived people and how practice was conceptualised and conducted between 1800 and 1980s, as depicted in writing of the time.

Conclusion: Analysis showed that, through history, people were increasingly categorised and delimited. Practice also became systematically controlled, moving occupational therapy into a theoretical, scientific, and abstract realm.

Significance: The emphasis placed on objectivity diminishes the attention given to human ways of practicing, where the subjective experience is central to our thinking.

Background: The Powered Mobility Device Autonomy Residential Screen (PoMoDARS) is a new tool to enable clinicians to screen resident capacity and performance skills for powered mobility device (PMD) use in residential aged care settings. The PoMoDARS is context specific, time efficient and promotes resident autonomy and safety.

Aims: To (i) undertake initial face and content validation of the PoMoDARS, and (ii) use the research findings to make any modifications.

Methods: A mixed-methods study design, underpinned by Classical Test Theory. Eight clinicians completed 20 PoMoDARS screens and provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback on item importance and ease of use within a formal interview.

Results: Initial face and content validity of the PoMoDARS were supported, with small modifications made to item descriptors and instructions.

Conclusions: The PoMoDARS has been developed for use in residential aged care settings to screen resident PMD use. While initial validation has been undertaken, further studies to determine the reliability of the tool and continue the validation process are required.

Significance: Older adults in residential aged care facilities benefit greatly from the autonomy gained through PMD use. The PoMoDARS promotes collaboration between occupational therapists, nurses, and the wider team to support residents and safe PMD use.