Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Stress-related illnesses are increasing in society, impacting people's abilities and well-being. The treatment for these in Sweden is provided in primary health care, but more treatment methods are needed. The newly developed individual health-promoting treatment 'Photo-supported conversations about well-being' (BeWell™) has shown improvements for this group. Occupational therapists have been positive about its use, but knowledge is also needed about how the patients perceive it.

Aim: To describe the participating patients' experiences of the BeWell™ treatment.

Materials and methods: A qualitative approach was applied in the study, in which 35 patients (aged 29-62 years) in primary health care who were diagnosed with stress-related illness participated. The interviews focus on the participants' experiences of BeWell™ and were conducted after completing the treatment. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings: Three categories were identified, expressing the participants' experiences of participating in BeWell™: 'The combination of the core parts gives strength', 'Influences on the experience', and 'Contribution to enhanced everyday life'. Each category encompassed two or three sub-categories.

Conclusions and significance: BeWell™, provided by occupational therapists, was perceived to impact positively on the participants' health, well-being, and everyday life. Combinations of the different components of the treatment generated value beyond that of each part on its own.

Background: Task-shifting in healthcare aims to increase access to quality care, control healthcare expenditures and increase efficiency. However, studies suggest that the success of task-shifting initiatives vary and is context sensitive.

Aim: We aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to shifting first consultations of hand osteoarthritis (OA) patients from rheumatologists to occupational therapists (OTs) in a Norwegian hospital setting.

Material and method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten rheumatologists and five OTs across two Norwegian hospitals. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using template analysis. Retrospective application of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of behaviour (COM-B) and the Theoretical Domains Framework version 2 (TDF) informed the analysis.

Results: The analysis resulted in four themes capturing facilitators and barriers to task-shifting: Clinical understandings of hand OA shape task redistribution; Contextual infrastructure shapes opportunities for task-shifting; Communication and trust as foundations for collaboration and task redistribution; Aligning altered care models with patient expectations and preferences.

Conclusion: Sustainable task shifting in secondary healthcare depends on professional competencies, interprofessional collaboration, and supportive organisational structures. Patient education and clear communication about provider roles are essential to address expectations, enhance satisfaction, and strengthen implementation.

Background: Interventions in the form of animal-assisted and nature-based activities are promising for young adults with autism, but there is a knowledge gap concerning the long-term values of these.

Aim: The aim was to describe the activity levels in daily life and socioeconomic aspects for young adults with autism one year after a 12-week intervention with animal-assisted and nature-based activities.

Material and methods: A qualitative follow-up study with individual interviews was performed. Ten participants were interviewed with a focus on their life situation, activity levels, and need for further professional support after the intervention. Summative content analysis was used. The direct costs of the intervention were discussed in relation to the societal costs of social exclusion of young adults.

Findings: Seven of ten participants improved; two were in organized occupation, five reported partial improvement or increased daily life activities and three participants experienced no change. The direct cost for the intervention was modest. Disorganized professional support and waiting times in the welfare sector were perceived as stressful and hindering sustainable change.

Conclusions and significance: The animal-assisted and nature-based intervention facilitated increased daily activities for the participating young adults. The findings suggest that it is reasonable to investigate the possible socioeconomic implications of this type of intervention.

Background: Reablement is a person-centred and goal-oriented intervention delivered by a multi-professional team, including assistant nurses, and aimed at strengthening older adults' participation in activities of daily life. However, reablement programs often lack theoretical grounding.

Aim: To explore how assistant nurses experience and reflect on their work processes and collaboration with an occupational therapist within the ASSIST 1.0 reablement program.

Material and method: This qualitative study is based on interviews with three assistant nurses conducted on three occasions over one year. The nine semi-structured interviews were interpreted using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Through the analysis one main theme was constructed: Supported learning and reflecting enhances understanding of reablement, and three subthemes: Gaining new perspectives by reflecting with an occupational therapist; Recognizing the importance of person-centred goal-setting; Learning reablement with everyday examples. The themes illustrate how the assistant nurses made sense of their experiences within the ASSIST 1.0 reablement program.

Conclusion and significance: Through engagement with the program, staff described internalizing key concepts of the ASSIST 1.0 reablement program and shifting towards more person-centred, occupation-focused, and goal-oriented approaches. Hence, theory-informed reablement programs embedded in everyday practice can develop staff's understanding and application of reablement principles.

Background: Internationalization-at-home facilitates intercultural learning and cultivates global citizenship opportunities for students in higher education while in their home environments. The International Discussions in Occupational Therapy (i-DOT) project is an annual, online collaborative learning initiative that supports occupational therapy education.

Aim: This study aims to assess the benefits of the i-DOT project and identify factors influencing student participation.

Material and methods: A convergent mixed methods design was used. Quantitative survey data and qualitative focus groups and/interviews were gathered from occupational therapy students and educators involved in the project.

Results: Data were collected from 139 students who completed an online questionnaire and 14 students and educators who participated in the focus groups or interviews. Reported benefits included improved social and interpersonal skills, professional, and academic development, and increased diversity awareness. Most students indicated that these outcomes would not have been achieved through engagement with peers from their own country alone. Challenges to participation were attributed to logistical issues and participant-related difficulties.

Conclusion and significance: Participation in the i-DOT project enabled equitable international engagement for occupational therapy students. Despite participation barriers, occupational therapy students enhanced their learning and developed skills essential for independent professional practice.

Background: Adolescents' participation in daily activities is linked to positive effects, including improved academic performance, reduced school dropout and delinquency rates, increased social engagement, and influences well-being. Conversely, limited participation is associated with negative consequences, such as limited learning, behavioural problems, lower self-esteem and higher rates of substance use, emotional difficulties. Despite this, there is a lack of a comprehensive tools designed specifically for adolescents, which encompass both objective and subjective dimensions of participation across contexts.

Aim: To report on the development and initial psychometric properties of the Adolescents Participation Questionnaire (APQ).

Methods: Three hundred and seventy-nine typically achieving students and 103 underachieving students filled-out the APQ. Two expert panels evaluated its content validity by using questionnaires and a specification table.

Results: I-CVI and S-CVI were acceptable to excellent. The multi-rater linear weighted kappa statistic was good to excellent. Reliability estimation was acceptable for the entire questionnaire and for each context separately (α = 0.61-0.75). Test-retest reliability for each scale and context separately demonstrated medium to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.42-0.92). Construct validity was established by significant differences found between two known groups.

Conclusions/significance: The APQ is a suitable tool for assessing adolescents' participation. Further studies are necessary to expand the established psychometric properties.

Background: Trauma is a growing topic of interest in occupational therapy. Situating its available occupation-based evidence will allow to use it in practice, research, policy, and education.

Aims/objectives: To explore occupation-based research on trauma, providing contextual and content information.

Material and methods: A scoping review was conducted, scanning peer-reviewed articles in English, Spanish, and French from Web of Science, Scopus, Psycinfo, SciELO, Dialnet, and two non-indexed occupational therapy journals. A quantitative descriptive analysis of context and a thematic qualitative analysis of content were undertaken.

Results: 34 articles were selected. The context analysis is summarised as '27 years generating knowledge in myriad ways with an Anglo-saxon predominance', while the content analysis identified three themes, which were grouped under the overarching theme of 'Occupational-based research on trauma as a colour palette'.

Conclusions: Occupation-based research on trauma is expanding, with significant efforts to inform and ground theoretical understandings of trauma from an occupational perspective.

Significance: The insights from this review support the adoption of a critical occupational perspective on trauma in practice and future knowledge development.

Background: Occupational balance (OB) is a subjective feeling of having the right amount and variety of occupations.

Aims/objectives: The study aims to translate the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) into Chinese (OBQ11-C) and to examine its psychometric properties for people with depression in Taiwan.

Material/methods: The OBQ11 was translated and reviewed by 10 experts. Subjects with depression were referred from two psychiatric outpatient clinic in central Taiwan. Cognitive debriefing involved 10 subjects, while 161 subjects (average age = 39.2 ± 14.0, 66.5% female) were assessed for reliability and validity using classical test theory by PASW 20.0 and Rasch analysis by Winsteps 5.3.0.

Results: The OBQ11-C showed good content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90), item-total correlation (0.49-0.77) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90). Rasch analysis results supported the four-point Likert scale, unidimensionality, item separation (3.95), item reliability (0.94), person separation (2.87) and person reliability (0.89), and may have cultural and population differences compared with other language versions.

Conclusions: The OBQ11-C is a valid tool for assessing OB in Chinese-speaking individuals, particularly those with depression in Taiwan.

Significance: This study validates a tool designed to assess OB as a foundation for creating individualised, occupation-based programmes for individuals with depression.

Background: Mobility is a human right and play a key role for children's development and participation. Children with limited independent mobility do not have the same opportunities to explore their surroundings and interact in play. Research has shown that powered mobility can enable independent mobility for children as young as 12 months.

Aims/objectives: To explore occupational therapists experience with powered mobility for children under three years of age.

Material and method: Data was collected through three focus groups. A total of ten occupational therapists from ten different municipalities in Norway participated in the study. Systematic Text Condensation by Malterud was used as a method for analysing data.

Results: Five main themes were identified: (1) The child's prerequisites for powered mobility, (2) Introducing powered mobility requires different considerations within each family, (3) Environmental considerations for enhancing powered mobility for children, (4) Powered mobility promotes self-determination and new roles, (5) Powered mobility promotes increased participation in expanded play activities.

Conclusions and significance: Powered mobility is a complex process that must consider the child's abilities, family context, and environment. Emphasis should be placed on fostering a supportive social environment and adapting the physical environment to enable self-initiated mobility, empowerment and occupational justice.

Background: Health promotion interventions supporting the development of strategies for social participation when ageing is an important concern within occupational therapy. Therefore, a new intervention has been developed.

Aim: To present a protocol for a feasibility study evaluating the feasibility of Health Web 1.0, a web-based occupational therapy group intervention supporting older adults' social participation and meaningful activities in daily life.

Material and methods: This feasibility study follows the framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. This study will be conducted using a pre-test and posttest design without a control group to evaluate feasibility and potential results. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected concurrently in a mixed-method design. The Health Web 1.0 will be conducted in municipal primary healthcare settings. The intervention is provided through a digital communication platform, delivered by occupational therapists.

Results: Not applicable (N/A).

Conclusions and significance: The intervention will have significance for occupational therapists to adapt to a more proactive role in supporting a meaningful everyday life when ageing. Additionally, the group format and digital delivery of the intervention will provide possibilities to use resources more effectively.