Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: The Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) is a programme targeting persons who need to restructure activities and routines to achieve a healthier balance in everyday life. Issues that often is needed for persons with neurological diseases.

Aims/objectives: To describe how persons with neurological disease experienced the ReDo-programme and to investigate how their occupational patterns and fatigue changed during the programme.

Material and methods: A mixed method study with a convergent parallel design including ten participants. Questionnaires and individual semi-structured interviews have been used and data analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results: The findings indicated an increased participation in everyday life after the intervention. Furthermore, the main theme showed that the intervention enabled reflections and new insight. Sub-themes included: feeling pressured to perform, being part of a group and changing occupational pattern.

Conclusions: Participants valued being a group; however, they experienced the intensity as being too high. The content of the intervention enabled reflections and new insights regarding their occupational pattern, which was experienced as a starting point towards behavioural changes and re-prioritisation of occupations in everyday life.

Significance: A modified version with lower intensity and careful goal setting might be valuable for persons with neurological diseases.

Background: OBQ11 was developed in a Swedish context. To evaluate occupational balance, accurate self-rating instruments in the native language are needed.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the measurement properties of the Danish version of OBQ11, using the Rasch analysis.

Method: Data for the analysis of the Danish version of OBQ11 (OBQ11-DK) was gathered online, and all full data records (n 366) were included in the analysis.

Results: Three items showed non-significant marginal under- or overfit, suggesting a degree of misfit between the data and the Rasch model. Unidimensionality was not reached, though, since the proportion of persons with different estimates were more than 5% and thus the OBQ11-DK cannot be said to assess a person's perception of occupational balance.

Conclusion: The present version of the OBQ11-DK shows the need for further development and testing and is not tested for test/retest or in clinical samples. The results and small number of items may after modifications and further studies make it feasible to implement OBQ11-DK into settings where the measuring of occupational balance is needed.

Background: In the Global North, advances in occupational therapy benefitted unduly from the oppression, disablement and suffering of thousands of people in the South (and beyond). To prevent the recurrence of these injustices, history must be unveiled and occupational therapists urged to come to terms with their own involvement and responsibility.

Objective and method: Utilising Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics, this academic essay blends select historical and philosophical perspectives to explore occupational therapy's concealed role in manifestations of institutionalised violence.

Results: By examining its roles in World War II and France's colonisation of Algeria, we make visible the development of occupational therapy's distinct 'shadow side'. In Nazi Germany's Euthanasia Programme, it became a tool for identifying which lives were deemed 'worthy of living' and which were not, which indirectly contributed to the killing of 200,000 disabled persons. Under France's colonial medical system, occupational therapy imposed Western standards that alienated and completely depersonalised Algerian patients.

Conclusion and significance: Entrenched in a (bio)economy that has endured beyond these events, occupational therapists must exercise vigilance, remaining mindful of the potential to unintentionally overlook individuals labelled as 'unproductive'. This requires confronting the profession's assumptions of inherent 'goodness' and acknowledging and addressing its shadow side.

Background: In occupational therapy and -science positive aspects of occupation are highlighted. Recently, this discourse has been questioned, as it might leave out occupations - referred to as unilluminated occupations (UO) - that hold value to people, without fitting the positive ideal.

Aim: To translate UO into Danish and to examine how occupational therapists (OTs) view and address UO.

Methods: A survey developed in USA was translated into Danish and distributed to OTs across Denmark. We added questions on the Danish wording of the concepts, including a content validity index (CVI). Data was subjected to a descriptive analysis.

Results: The respondents agreed that OTs must include examining the purpose and meaning of UO, however without having a responsibility to support performing these UO. The applied translation: high risk (risikable), unhealthy (usunde), unethical (uetiske), immoral (umoralske), and unacceptable (uacceptable) were deemed relevant in Danish, established by CVIs on 0.72-0.90.

Conclusions and significance: Although most respondents were positive towards examining and acknowledging clients' purpose and meaning of UO, no clear consensus when addressing UO in interventions was seen. Further research might shed light on ways to approach UO both in assessment and intervention. The Danish terms appeared relevant to encompass UO.

Introduction: Residential reasoning is a complex process that includes decisions on whether to age in place or to relocate. Ageing in the Right Place (ARP), a web-based housing counselling service was created to support older adults in this process. The study's aim was to evaluate the usability of the ARP as regards content, design, specific functions, and self-administration as a mode of delivery and to lay the ground for further optimisation.

Material and method: Nine women and five men (aged 66-82) completed a series of tasks using the ARP. Qualitative and quantitative usability data were collected through online interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results: Experiences of the specific functions, content, and design of the ARP were described as mainly positive. Additions to the content and optimisation to assist in the general navigation of the website were suggested. The participants disagreed regarding the preferred mode of delivery, which indicates a need for selectable options. A system usability scale median score of 84 indicated acceptable usability.

Conclusion: The ARP seems to have acceptable usability, which paves the way for further evaluation.

Significance: By enabling residential reasoning, older adults are supported to make proactive choices based on informed decisions.

Background: The Powered Mobility Device Autonomy Residential Screen (PoMoDARS) is a new tool to enable clinicians to screen resident capacity and performance skills for powered mobility device (PMD) use in residential aged care settings. The PoMoDARS is context specific, time efficient and promotes resident autonomy and safety.

Aims: To (i) undertake initial face and content validation of the PoMoDARS, and (ii) use the research findings to make any modifications.

Methods: A mixed-methods study design, underpinned by Classical Test Theory. Eight clinicians completed 20 PoMoDARS screens and provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback on item importance and ease of use within a formal interview.

Results: Initial face and content validity of the PoMoDARS were supported, with small modifications made to item descriptors and instructions.

Conclusions: The PoMoDARS has been developed for use in residential aged care settings to screen resident PMD use. While initial validation has been undertaken, further studies to determine the reliability of the tool and continue the validation process are required.

Significance: Older adults in residential aged care facilities benefit greatly from the autonomy gained through PMD use. The PoMoDARS promotes collaboration between occupational therapists, nurses, and the wider team to support residents and safe PMD use.

Background: Keyboarding (Typing) is a major writing mode in educational settings in addition to, or as an alternative to, handwriting. Therefore, it is important that occupational therapists become experts on this activity, to support students' performance. Yet, the knowledge of keyboarding performance of elementary-school students, and the underlying functions it entails, is limited.

Aim: To compare keyboarding performance (speed and accuracy) of 4^th-grade students in copying and dictation keyboarding tasks, and to examine the role of underlying functions in predicting keyboarding performance.

Material and methods: The sample consisted of 57 4^th-grade students, recruited from 2 elementary schools. Students were tested for reading speed, attention shifting, fine-motor skills, kinaesthetic awareness, and keyboarding performance.

Results: Keyboarding performance differed in the copying and dictation tasks. Reading speed was the major underlying function predicting keyboarding performance in both tasks. Additionally, kinaesthetic awareness had a low, negative correlation with dictation accuracy.

Conclusions: When occupational therapists assess students' keyboarding performance, they should use various tasks. Additionally, therapists should consider students' reading speed and kinaesthetic awareness, as they may explain keyboarding performance. This knowledge may also support decision-making when considering keyboarding as an alternative writing mode for students with handwriting difficulties.

Background: Hippotherapy, an equine-assisted service, uses the movement of the horse as a treatment tool. Hippotherapy is often used by occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech and language pathologists. To optimise hippotherapy and facilitate the development of transdisciplinary hippotherapy practise guidelines, this scoping review identified novel hippotherapy concepts used during hippotherapy interventions for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Aim: To explore, identify, and describe concepts that constitute hippotherapy practices for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design, using Arksey and O'Malley's five stages of scoping review.

Results: We identified and tabulated 19 hippotherapy concepts.

Conclusions: Hippotherapy is a complex intervention with multiple concepts. This review contributed to the development of hippotherapy practice guidelines for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Significance: Including hippotherapy concepts into hippotherapy practice will inform therapists, benefit clients, and contribute to future research.